MR. ADAMS'S LETTERS.
LETTER XIIIT
Amsterdam, Oct. 26, 17S0.
S 1 Ry
THE thirteenth enquiry is, " Of what resour
ces might America hereafter ft ill make use of?"
There are many resources, yet untried, which
Would certainly be explored, if America fliould
be driven to the neceflity of them.
1. Luxury prevails in that young country, not
withstanding all the confident aflertions of the
Englilh, concerning their diltrefs, to a degree,
that retrenching this alone would enable them to
carry 011 the war. There are expences in wheel
carriages, horses, equipage, furniture, dress, and
the table, which might be spared, and would a
mount to enough to carry 011 the war.
2. The Americans might, and, rather than the
English ihould prevail against them, they would
be brought to impose duties upon articles of lux
ury and convenience, and even of neceflity, as
has been done by all the natious in Europe, i am
not able at present, and upon memory, to enter
tain you with accurate calculations: but in gen.
eral it may be said, with certainty, that if as
heavy duties were laid upon articles of consump
tion and importation as are laid in England, or
even in Holland, it would produce a revenue fuf
ficient to carry 011 this war, without borrowing
at all. I hope, however, they will never come to
this: lam clear they need not. Such fyflemat
ical and established revenues are dangerous to li
berty ; which is fafe, while the revenue depends
upon annual grants ot the people, because this se
cures public economy.
3. If there fliould be hereafter any accelfion
to the population of America, by migrations from
Europe, this will be a frefli resource; because,
in that country of agriculture, the ability toraife
a revenue will bear aconftant proportion to the
numbers of people,
4. There are immense traifts of uncultivated
lands. Tliefe lands are all claimed by particular
States : But if these States fliould cede these claims
to the Congress, which they would do in cafe of
neceflity, the Congress might fell these lands,
and they would become a great resource : No man
can fay how great, or how lasting.
5. There is a great deal of plate in America ;
and if flie were driven to extremities, the ladies,
I afliire you, have patriotism enough to give up
their plate to the public, rather than lose their li
berties, or run any great hazard of it.
6 There is another resource flill. The war
may be carried 011 by means of a fluctuating me
dium of paper money. The war has been carried
on in tlijs manner hitherto : and I firmly believe,
if the people could not find a better way, they
would agree to call in all the paper, and let it lie
as a demand upon the public, to be hereafter e
tjuitably paid, according to its fluctuating value,
in silver, and emit new bills, to depreciate, and
carry on the war in the fame way. This, however,
Wjeyld occasion many perplexities, and much un-
Xappinefs ; It would do injnftice to many indivi
duals, and;will,and ought to be avoided,if possible.
7. A loan from Europe, however, wonld be
the best resource, as it would neceflarily extend
our trade, and relieve the people from too great
a present burden. Very heavy taxes are hurtful,
because they leflen the increase of population, by
making the means of fubfiltence more difficult.
S. There are resources of agriculture, manu
factures, and labor, that would produce much if
explored and attempted.
9. The resources of trade and privateering
ought to be mentioned again. The real caufeof
our doing so little hitherto is this.-
in 1 774, agreed upon anon-exportation, to begin
in 1775. This induced the merchants, in every
part of America, to fend their ships and Tailors to
England from whence the molt of them neverre
txirned. The consequence of which was, that the
Americans have been dillrefled for want of ships
andfeamen ever since. But the number of both
has increased every year, in spite of all that the
English have taken and destroyed. The vast num
ber of ships and seamen taken this year, will re
pair thole 10111-s ; and no man can fay to what ex
tent trade and piivateering will be carried the
<iext and succeeding years.
I have the honor to be, &c.
MR. CALKOEN.
_ LIBERTT OF THE PRESS.
IT is said, " There are crimes not cognizable in
Courts of Jullice. Are not these fair game ?"
Ifthey are crimes, let laws bemadetopunfhthem.
If they do not merit this name, and are only foi
bles, I fiill deny the right to attack an individual
on account of them. Foibles which do not amount
to crimes are the proper objeifts of Satire and the
Drama, But let us " I'pare the person andexpofe
the vice." Molt fatirills have fallen into the er
ror of attacking the agent and not the ad:. This
entirely frui'n atcs the end of satire. It Ihould be
general, not local. What applies to one only can
extend its effects to him alone. But when a vice
or folly is depicted in proper colors, the satire
will apply equally to all perf'ons who are guilty
of it, and its effects be perpetual.
CONGRESS of the UNITED STATES.
Begun and held at the City of Ncio-York, on Wednesday the Fourth
of March % One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty-Nine.
An ACT making Appropriations for the Ser
vice of the present Year.
BE it enabled by the Senate and Hotife of Repre
sentatives of the United States of America itt
Congress affsmbled, That there be appropriated for
the service of the present year, to be paid out of
the monies which arise from the requisitions here
tofore made upon the several States, or from the
duties on import and tonnage, the following funis,
viz. afum not exceeding two hundred and sixteen
thousand dollars for defraying the expences of
the civil lilt, under the late and present govern
ment ; a sum not exceeding one hundred and thir
ty-seven thousand dollars for defraying the ex
pences of the department of war; a sum not ex
ceeding one hundred and ninety thousand dollars
for discharging warrants ifl'ued by the late board
of treasury, and remaining unfatisfied ; and a sum
not exceeding ninety-fix thousand dollars for pay
ing the pensions to invalids.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG,
Speaker of the Houje of Reprejentatives.
JOHN ADAMS, Vice-President oj the United States,
and President oj the Senate.
Approved, September tue 29th, 1789.
GEORGE WASH IN GT ON, ' Pre f dent of the United States.
An ACT providing for the Payment of the In
valid Pensioners of the United States.
|J it enaded by the Senate and Hottfe of Represen
tatives of the United States as America in Con
gress <i{J~embted, That the military pensions which
have been granted and paid by the States relpec
tively, in pursuance of the adis of the United
States in Congress aflembled, to the invalids who
were wounded and disabled during the late war,
ilia] 1 be continued and paid by the United States,
from the fourth day of March laft,for the space of
one year, under fucli regulations as the President
of the United States may diredt.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG,
Speaker of the House oj Representatives.
JOHN ADAMS, Vice-President of the United States,
and President oj tht Senate.
APPROVED, SEPTEMBER JHE 2Gth, 1789.
(rhQR(,E WASHINGTON, l'refident of the United States.
I'roni the Virginia Independent Chronicle.
ELEGY.
On l/itDccihofCeh John Darbey, of Northampton county,Virginia _
'tis a glorious thought ! The worthy mind,
X Matured by wildom au.d from\ice refin'd,
In vinous feencs of social life approv'd,
Of man thOover, and by God bclov'd,
Mud, sure, diverted of its kindred clay,
Soar to the regions of empyreal day.
Such Darbey ihone ; to deck, whose mournful heasfe,
1 he MuTe lamenting pays her grateful verfc;
The Muse, long wont to love, as to revere
The Judge impartial and the friend sincere !
How has Iheolt with fixt attention hung
On the great truths that grae'd his flowing tongue !
T ruths that he joy'd with candid warmth to draw
Fair from the moral, or the christian law !
How oft beheld hiin glad the friendly scene,
Without all cheerful, and all calm within ;
And, far from mad ambmon'snoify ftrife,
Fix the pure bleflings of domestic life ;
How oft, in him, with plcafing wonder view'd
A foul, where hwlefs paflions funk fubdu'd ;
Where virtue Hill her rightful rules maimain'd,
While gen'rous zeal, by bigotry uoftain'd,
And freedom, that protects with watchful care
Man's facrcd rights, securely triumph'd there.
Sprung trom a race, thatcrown'd with honest praise,
By virtuous deedsadorn'd a length of days,
For him we hop d kind temp'rance long would wield
Drfenfive arms, and o'er hini fprcad her Ihield.
Fallacious hopes ! —ah ! fee .' the diredifeafe
Comes borne insidious 011 the tainted breeze.
Soon from her feat imperial reason thrown,
No more the friend, oifon.or contort, known)
The (ev'rous pest viflorious winds its way.
Till spent, o'erpow'r'd by its rcliftlefs sway,
Frail nature yields.—O ! parent, husband, friend !
Mull then th'endearing names forever end ?
Heav'ncalls him hcnce—at that all pow'rfulcall
Tho' sighs will spring, and tears unbidden fall,
Yet let us upward look ('twill give relief,
' Twill check the torrent of impetuous grief)
With mental eyes his radient course explore,
And view him landed 011 th' etherial (hore ;
Where envy's ftoi ms and factions ne'er molc'll
The native pcacethat calms the patriot's breast ;
Where the great Judge determines ev'ry cause,'
And bleflcs as he gives the jull applause.
Npw-York, November. 2<. I*7Bo
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 19, 1789.
GENERAL ACCOUNT of ANTICIPATIONS
No. 11.
A PARTICULAR STATEMENT of WAR
RANTS drawn by the late Board of Trea
sury on Michael Hill eg as, late Treasurer of
the United States, which remain unpaid, and
were comprised in the Estimate inade by the Se
cretary of theTreafury of the United States,and
by him reported to the Houf« of Representatives
of the United States.
P"tc of | a In Zxihofe favor. II
Warmth. |] •|| si tfiartmnt, and for what drawn, tf Dot - 9°^-
Indian Affairs.
1787. Richard Butler, Agent for Indi-
Aug. is. an Affairs, for Salary one quarter,
ending 30th Jiine last, G<;o
Nov. 32. 806. Ditto, ditto, ditto, ending loth
September lad, b J
Deo. gi. 625. John Woods, in full lor his ser
vices and cxpenfet attending sundry
Chiefs of the Choftaw Nation on a
Visit to Congress, per Ast of the ißtJi
of IaB » is oo
CiiTficd forwalS, lcp
Brought forward, 9A
1788. 1018. Comfort Safias, Attorney toWil-
Nov. 7- ''am Winn,Simerintendant of Indian
Affairs for rhe Southern Department
being for said Winn's falarv from
the lft of April 10 the 29th of Au
gust, 1788,
1789. si,sß. Arthur Sr. Clair, Esq. Governor of 9
May 13. the Western Territory, to be by him
applied, agreeably to an Ast of Con.
grefs of the 2 7 th of October, 178-, , B<i
1160. Ditto, being part of the Sum of '
20,000 Dollars, appropriated for
the extinguishing of Indian claims
per Ast of the 2 d of July, j-88, ' ,. 000
1161. Ditto, fame purpose, 2
2 J- "63- Richard Butler, Superintendantof ' '
Indian Affairs, one Quarter's Salary
ending the 14th of October, 1788, 4 ,J ~
16. 1164. Ditto, for sundry Ejipenfcj in the
Indian Department, from the 12th
of October. 1786, to the 14th of
October, 1788,
June 17. *172. Arthur St. Clair, Governor* of the
Western Teritory.in part of the sum
ot 20,000 Dollars, appropriated for
extrnguifhing Indian Claims, per
Aftof the 2d July, 1783, m
Ditto, fame pnrpofe, . ..
J u 'y , 7- »>9»- .> lm Cochran, Attorney to James '
Livingfton, Deputy Supenntendant
ol Indian Affairs, Northern Depart
ment, his Salary from the lft of
July, 1788, to 30th of June, 1789, jeo
PENSIONS ANNUITIES and GRANTS?' "
1787. 6og. Samuel Hodgdon, Attorney to
Jan. 29. Doctor John Warren, for the Edu
cation of Joseph Warren, eldest foa
of the late Major-General Warren,
deceased, from the lft of January,
to the 30th of June, 1786, per Ast,
Bth of April, 1777, t 4 g (a
14. 610. Ditto, Attorney to ditto, for the
support and Education of the three
youngest children of said General
Warren, deceased, from the id of
July, to the 31ft of Dec. 1786, per
AO: of the lit of July, 1780, 223
Aug. 2, 7jß. Ditto, Attorney to ditto, for dit
to, from the Ift of Januvy, to the
30thof June, 1787, 225
Oft. 16. 785. John Warren, Guardian to the
eldest son of the late Gen. Warren,
beingfor theEducationoffaid eldest
son, for one year, commencing the
4 th of July last, JO4
i; 88. 1021. Joseph Nourfe, Attorney to Colo
nel Richard Gridley, his Pension
from the xft of July, 1787, to the
30th of June, 1788, per Ast of the
ad October last, jf
May 22. 911. George Morgan, for tlie Tuition
of Geo. M. White Eyes, from the lft
of Nov. 1786,10 the 13th o! Sept.i7Bß, (8
1789. 1106. Daniel McCormick, Executor to
March 19. the Estate of Elizabeth Thompson,
deceased, for her Pension from the
lft; of July, tothe 16th of August, 1788, is jl
23. 1161. Joleph Bindon, Attorney to Jo
seph Traverfte, for his Penuonfrom
lft of October, 1788, to 31ft March,
1789, per Ast of the Bth of Au
gust, >782, 60
1,774 <2
CONTINGENCIES of the WAR DEPARTMENT.
*787- 75 1 - Henry Knox, Secretary at War,
Sept. 13. being fortheufe of the Ordinance
Department, i,600 3®
Oft. 1 6- 7&5- Dottor Joseph Waldo, beingfor
his Attendance, and Medicines sup
plied sundry Tick Soldiers of Col.
Jackson's regiment at Springfield, in
the State of MafTachufetts, 25a
Dec. 22. 819. James O'Harra, Contra£loron the
Weftem Frontiers, on Account of
Ifiues to be made under his Contrail,
ana for Expenditure# in the Quar
termaster-General's Department,
. for 28,691 15
1 Deduct so much paid, 19>7U 15 —
March 31. 868. Henry Knox, Secretary at War,
being for the Contingent £xpenfes
of the War Department,
April 14. 890. Ditto, being for the purpofeof sub
sisting Recruits, ordered to be rail
ed by the Resolve of Congrels, of
the 3d of October last, during the
Time they are colletting, and on
their Route from their refpe&ivc
States to Fort Pitt, 5,500
From which dedu& so much
paid on said Warrants, 3,000-—
Ditto. 893. Ditto, being to enable him to dis
charge the Arrears of Pay due to
sundry Store-keepers, and other Of
ficers in the Ordinance Department,
for the year 1787, and to defray
charges hereafter arising in said De
partment, 6,00f
1789. 1074. Ditto, being to discharge the Rent
of sundry Buildings, occupied by
the Public in Virginia, and the Pay
of Thomas Holt, Assistant Deputy
Comiaiflary of Military Stores,from
the iftof July, 1787. tothe3othof
June, 1788,
Feb. 17. 1083. Robert Watts, Attorney to Stephen
Moore, being for the Rent of Weft-
Point, from the 31ft of December,
1787, to the 31ft of December, 1788, 437 45
March 2. *098. James Raid, Attorney to Joseph
Hubley, late Afliftant Deputy-Com
mifiary of prisoners, at, the Poll of
Lancaster, being for his Pay, Rations,
and Forage, from the ift of January,
to the 25th of February, 1782, 9$ 1
April 7. 1128. Smith and Wyckoff,for provifione .
iiTued at Weft-Point, 1
May i£. 1149. Ditto, for their Issues at Weft-
Point in January lait, l 9?
June 17. 1173. Ditto, for iflued at
Weft-Point, 1
Aug. KOi, Ditto for fame Purpose, '9 1
22,838 i*