treason, tli<? offender fliall l>e indidcd and tried n the county, town or diftridl wherein the of fence lhall have been commited, as hath been usual in each State before this law was enacted, -phis was carried in the affirmative. The com mittee this day finiflieil the difcuflion of this bill, which was reported to the House. Mr. Ames of the committee appointed to bring j n a bill upon the fubjetfl of the permanent re sidence pursuant to the resolution palled by the House, brought in a report which was read the fj r ft time. Adjourned. TUESDAY, SEPT. I J. The bill for eftablilhing the permanent resi dence was read the second time, and refered to a committee of the whole, to be taken up on Thursday next. The enrolled bill for suspending a part of the collection law, was brought in and signed by the Speaker. A petition from the inhabitants of the town of Portfniouth, in Virginia, representing the hard ships they fuffer from not having a naval office eftabliftied in that place, and praying that an of ficer may beeftablilhed there, was read, and laid on the table. The House then took up the amendments to the Judicial bill, agreed to by the committee of the whole. Mr. Seney moved, as an amendment in the 3d section, to insert Cheltertown, instead of Eallon, in Maryland, as the place for holding the diftri<fi courts : This, after some debate, was negatived. Mr. Seney calling for the ayes and noes, there were 23 noes—2o ayes. A meflage was received from the Senate,by Mr. Secretary Oti s, informing that they had pafled a bill for the eftablilhment of the Poll Office, and desired the concurrence of the House. The House proceeded in considering the amend ments to the Judiciary Bill, but adjourned with out compleating the business. RE—CONSIDERATION. CASH, or no Cash, that \*as the question, Which found such plaguy tough digestion ; 'twas this that fav'd from reprobation, That (talking horse discrimination; A question too, where the minority, Were heart and foul with the majority : For had their*s prov'd the major vote, It would have stuck so in their throat, That, maugre all discrimination, They'd mov'd a re-consideration. NEW-YORK, SEPTEMBER 16. It is a familiar rule in politics that a man, em ployed in the affairs of government, ought to be paid up to the trust reposed in him—for the less temptation is there in this cafe to illicit gain out of the employment itfelf, and left excuse for the negligent or unikilful conducfl of it. But the rule, tho alike applicable to all orders of public offices, has been in the State governments, in a great degree, over looked as to the legislative— and while the executive or judicial laborer has been thought worthy of his hire, the legislative has been generally left to little more than the bare honor of the service. I would presume to doubt however, whether this retribution alone can be fufficient, for tho perhaps there is no situation in which the mind feels more felf complacency than that of a man chosen to make laws for his coun try, a diftinsftion, implying at once both talents and integrity, yet this sensation is scarce more than a transient inflation of vanity in the firft moments of the choice—for when seriously enga ged in the business, there is nothing so firm, or abiding in that passion as to- bear any one up a gainst the pains and uneasiness inseparable from the situation—the fatigues of attention—the irk fomnefs of deputation—the chagrin of disappoint ed measures—are a sketch of the fufferings with in doors ; —without, your judgments are constant ly re-judged, and a<flions, meant to be founded on principles of common good, brought to the touch-stone of partial interest or local politics— and accordingly it is commonly found that no Ipecies of ambition whatever is, after a short tri al, less gratified in the pofleflion. Itlhould seem that the diftindtion of rewar I in this cafe is without just ground—indeed, if any difference should be made, it rather to be in favor of the legislative, it being doubtless a higher trust to make, than to execute laws—and the defect of ability or honesty in the one, a more sensible injury than in the other. Without ex amining, however, into the motives of diftiniftion in the State governments, a few observations will stew that other maxims ought to prevail in that of the United States. Those who are to compose the legislature of this government will be brought from every quar ter of the Union : It will not be with them as in me of the States, the business of a day to come an d to go ; but often from circumstances of dis tance, or hardship, the serious undertaking of a yoyage—for let government be adminiftred where u may, in a region offuchvart extent, many pil grimages of near a thousand miles to its feat, rauft annually be performed : It will not be to any of these men, as in the States, the brief suspension / i- - • 7 -» oi the cares of private concerns, or profeflional duties, to be resumed without prejudice ; but fre. quently such a continued negledt or dereli>fiion of them as to induce great loss or inconvenience. It may in truth be (aid that men maybe found, who have no persona] affairs to fuffer by dedicat ing themselves to the public ; but he who is with out trusts or duties of his own is seldom fit for the trusts or duties of his country. Such for inltance might be many a bankrupt adventurer, in law, physic, divinity, or merchandize, who having neither fortune nor dependence at home, any trifle abroad would be clear gain to. The veflel of the republic might be conducted cheaply by such a crew, but would it be polfible for her to escape fnipwreck ? _ The rich—they surely might make an absolute gift of their services—but it is not always by the exercise of generous qualities that they become so : The rich besides are with more difficulty drawn from the fatisfacftions of home, and if wife, not easily induced to quit the preheminence in society confered by wealth, for the equality of deli berative aflemblies, and where men are accustom ed to be valued by other standards : The rich too are often unpopular, and seen with an eye jea lous of aristocratic opulence : It is not for the in digent, or the wealthy then that provision should be made, but for those who are poflefled of some thing, and yet not fomuch as to (land juftified in making unrequited facrifices of their time 01 fortune. Leaving them both—where are all the patriots of the late time, who gave themselves to the pub lic cause without reward ? Their enthusiasm is gone, and will not appear again, but with a re newed occalion—the danger of our country. In days of ease and security, men are willing to put a value upon their exertions, andexped: compen sations for services of every kind. The principle being agreed to with refped: tt the Federal Legislature, it isneverthelefs a mattei of opinion what the compensations should be :— We have seen the opinion of Congress in the com pensations established, which may appear reason able from these confederations : The legislative business of the Union may require a felfion alto gether unremited, or one of a few months in the year : If the former, is it to be expe<fted that a member, if he has a family, will not bring it with him to the feat of the government, where he is so much to reside ? ana who in this cafe should bear the extraordinary charge ? will the whole allowance as fetled by Congress more than give a moderate support to a family ? Will any thing over run to balance the disadvantages of distant affairs abandoned to themselves, or left to agen cy : If the latter, the family may remain at home— but what will be the favingsat the end of the term in that cafe—will they be as much, after assisting in important national councils, as what any com mon quibbler in the law gleans quarterly from plaintiff and defendant, at county sessions or as sizes. Should the legislative term be of such short du ration, as those most competent to judge think the most probable—then, upon a comparative view, combined of the circumltances of pay and time, will the present government, so likely to be pro ductive of the perfed: fruits of peace, liberty, and happiness, be administered at a cheaper rate than the old one, which answering the sudden purpose ofits institution, ever aftqr, though per petually fitting, hatched nothing but abortions. Discontents have already been excited on this fubjed : They have proceeded from mistake, from faction, or from meanness : It is only the well meaning who will hear reason when it is ex posed to him : As to the incendiary he wishes not to be convinced in any thing against his desperate purpofes,and the niggard, grudging the expence of good government, will freely let his country take her chance of ruin or salvation, provided he is fuffered to keep his penny in his pocket. The time fixed on forthe adjournment of Con gress draws near—and we doubt not that the re cess will be attended with the most salutary ef feds. Six months close application to public bu siness requires a season of relaxation : The people in remote parts of the Union, mull wish to fee, and converse with their delegates : The members will have a more competent opportunity to form a judgment ps the laws they have enacted—their tendency and operation—where they may be a mended so as more fully to adapt them to the circumltances of their conftitucnts—and, when again aflembled, the knowlcgethey will have ac quired in the recess, will be found of the most beneficial and important nature. The late appointments in the Treasury Depart ment appear to have been predicated on differ ent principles from those in the revenue. The reasons for this deviation are doubtless founded in propriety, as the nominations have been fandioned by the Senate —and we have no reason to suppose that any motives which would be inconsistent with the public interest, could bias their independency : The future arrangements in tlieTreafury Department will in all probability be so different from what that department has been under, that it is supposed the objed is to fe leiftthofe abilities which will give the m oft prompt and adequate operation to the New System : The result will determine how far a just judgment been formed—certain it is, that the public anti cipations are great, from the appointment of the gentleman at the head of the department. The conciliatory temper difcoveredby the Fe deral Legislature in their attention to the embar rafled situation of the trade of Rhode-Island and North-Carolina, and granting those States that relief which their memorials stated to be neces sary to their interest and accommodation, muit make the most favorable impreffionson theminuj of the citizens of those States—they mull be struck with the enlarged, liberal, and generous policy, which governs the Congress of the United States. Paragraph tranflatedfrom the Courier D£ boston. The King of Prussia lately ordered that there be publiflied a gazette every three months, to be distributed gratis among the peasants ofSilefia. His Majesty has farther enjoined that the school mafterof every diftri<ft shall read and explain the contents of this paper, to those of his neighbors who are not able to read. This gazette is to give an account of the progress of agriculture, in all his dominions ; of the prefcriptiins for curing divers maladies incident to mankind, to cattle, sheep, dogs, &c. and other matters which may tend to promote the public good. Glorious, ENLIGHTENED POLICY ! Accounts from Madeira state that the Algerines are at their old Game, having captured several French vefl'els. We hear that a duel was fought at Boston by two Officers of the Frcnch fleet, on the 9th instant—in which one of them was slightly wounded—thecaufeis not mentioned. ADDITIONAL APPOINTMENTS SINCE OUR LAST. The President otthe United States has been pleased to nominate, and by and with the advice andconfentof the Senate to appoint Gen. Henry Knox, Secretary at War — Oliver Woicott, jun. Esq. Auditor of the Treasury—• JosephNo Urs E, Esq. Register of the Treasury. Mr. Peter Kemp, Surveyor of Rappahannock diftridt, Virginia, vice Staig Davis, religned— Mr. Charles Chilton, Surveyor of Town Creek, Patuxent diftriA, Maryland, vice Robert Young, religned. The Hon. Secretary of the Treasury has ap pointed William Duer, Esq. Assistant-Secretary. ICT* Te/ferday arrived the Britijh Packet Hal ifax, Boulderson Commander, in 63 days from Falmouth, and 10 from Halifax. —She will fail again on Thursday, the instant.—The Mail ■will he closed at the Poft-Office, at nine o'clock the preceding evening. New-York, Sept. 16, 1789. [c~~T " Extract of a letter," the contents of which comprize this en quiry, " why the pay of the Speaker should be double to that of a common member,*' is omitted Jot leant ojroom. AS the recess of Congress is approaching, and cmfequenth we fha/l not have it in our pouter to entertain the readers of this paper with a detail of legislative proceedings, it ma\ not be improper to intimate that the Gazette of the United States will be continued as nearly as pojjible upon its original plan, and the residue of those alls, which from their length have not yet appeared, will t>e pubhfhed: The governmental tranfadions of the Supreme Executive, will receive an early and regular insertion, which from their interejling nature, will form a valuable fub flitutefor the temporary suspension oj congrejjionalproceedings. THE EDITOR. ARRIVALS. NEW.YORK. Monday Sloop Friendlbip, Burnham, Savanna, 12 days. Brig Minerva, Kerr, Bremen, 63 days. Brig Rachel, Hill, London, 50 days. Schooner Pollv. Todd, St. Thomas's. 22 davs. INTELLIGENCE BY YESTERDAY'S MAIL. CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL 22. THE new system of our government begins to develope. His Highness on account of the fticcefs of the grand Admiral in the last war in Egypt, and his great reputation, has removed him from the station of Admiral, and ordered him to put himfelf at the head of a formidable army, and march immediatly to retake Oczakow. Though this tranfa&ion may appear to some as a fort of disgrace, we are far from thinking so ; and we are allured that last night the Grand Signoir, to excite the ambition of the Captain Pacha, and to inflame his love for glory, bestowed on him before hand the pompoustitleof Conqueror of the grand Fortrcfs ; in consequence of which the ex-grand admiral will ftiortly go to Befiarabia, and put himfelf at the head of 100,000 men, with which army he will besiege Oczakow. These dispositions, it is easy to forefee, excite great jealousy between the Grand Vizier and the Captain Pacha, which will not any aflift the enter prize against Oczakow, the iuccefs of which the new Sultan has so much at heart, that he has given the moll pressing orders to the vice-admiral to fail with the 31 and fleet to the Black Sea, to favor that important expedition. However those motions announce nothing but disorder and con fufion—the recruits are not chosen ones, the provision and am munitions are fuflficient for the numher of troops which will be employed, and the magazines are placed in such a manner, that it will be difficult for the army before Oczakow to procure provi sions, owing to the facility with which the light troops of the Ruffians may intercept the convoys. This expedition at pre fen c attratts all the attention of the court and of the capital. PHILADELPHIA, SEPT. 12. INSURRECTION IN FRANCE. By the ship Young Eagle, Capt. Kerr, arrived in this port the lalt evening in 5$ days from Sr. Sebastian in Spain, we learn, that the great patriot ancl friend to America, Lewis the 16th, had joined with the Commons of France against the Nobles —that a battle ensued in which 7000 were killed on the spot—and that the Baftile was totally de moliihed.
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