Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]) 1789-1793, August 26, 1789, Image 1
XXXIX.] THE TABLE T. No. XXXIX, " Good citizens fcldom have bad magiflrates." IN an eletftive government, men in office fur nilha just portrait of the people, whole affairs t hey manage. A virtuous, enlightened nation has no substantial evils to fear from the bad ma „a<rement of its rulers. The representatives mult bear the image of their constituents. Among a free people, it is not owing to the administra tion of bad men, that the State is not happy an l jkmrifhing. Those who attribute public niifcar riages to the misconduct of a few individuals stop jho t of the mark. When the people reproach their rulers it may with propriety be retorted upon them, and said, they are with greater propriety reproaching themselves. Because there are few inltances where the people do not elect into office those ffl en, whose opinions and manners are most like ]«• to coinci le with their own. It is not pretend ed that all men in public employment make the public good the main object of their views. The introdn&ion of characters into public of fice, who are deficient both in knovvlege and ho nesty, raay easily happen, while those who elect them are destitute of either of those qualities. Ignorant rulers will not be countenanced by a sensible people ; vicious rulers can only come from a vicious people. When by deception an improper person finds his way into authority, a change in the election will remove him before he can do much mifchief. The public opinion is the great hinge upon Thich public affairs mult turn. Too much pains cannot therefore be taken to instruct the inafs of the people in those sentiments and virtues which will lay the foundation of a just way of thinking »nd feeling. The government of a country may do much towards correcting theerrors of the pub lic mind, by a fyftein of laws that militate as lit tie as polfible with natural justice and equity. Such laws by their operation will gradually lead people to an hone ft, induftiious way of living. When this is produced, the popular sentiment will re-act upon the government and reform its abuses. There is in every community a set of men, who make it their business to keep the people uneasy with their rulers. By exciting an indefinite kind of clamor, they prevent those calm and patient investigations which might reach the true source of disorders. Many motives prompt men to fcru tinizs and censure the conduct of public officers. Perhaps this propensity produces,upon the whole, more good than evil. But it would be equally beneficial, and better accord with truth, if the people would divide the blame with their rulers. Myneighbor Turbidus charges all the calam ities, which he ever feels or fees, on the particular misconduct of persons in authority. He is an in dolent, imprudent man, and therefore must be foppofedpoor and involved in debt, but he attri butes his bad circumstances solely to the govern ment. How can one, fays he, have money to pay debts, when taxes run so high, and public officers have fiich enormous salaries ? He loses more by idleness and neglect in one week, than the go vernment exacts of him in taxes for a whole year. Is it not to be wondered at, that this fame Mr. T'jubidus makes many good fort of people, very unhappy and diffatisfiea with public affairs ? So kzy and worthless a fellow, one would imagine, could no: nave any influence in society. He is (•efpifed in every thing he fays or undertakes, except when he is arraigning the measures of tae government ; and on this occasion hefeems to ac quire so me degree of conlequence. We Ihould therefore reft rain onr pronenefs to listen to cla mor, or we may be so accultomed to alarm, as to oe off our guard when real danger approaches. 7o FAR M E R S. ' Philadelphia County Society, for the ajAgriculture and Domestic Ma nufactures. gentl E men, , ~H is with pleafurel communicate an experi "J nt .l l ate ly made, to discover the bell method ? - ra '" n E young hogs : Having frequently been ormti} that pigs would hrive best to be turn * mto a good clovcr field with the sow, but which never verified by my own observation, I was L nf '" ccd make the following accurate experi ment. 6 1 tw °y ears ol'l> of the Englifli and Guinea ' ee "> had fevenpigs ;at a month old, in a state Jj °? er t0 wake good roasters, I selected three of ten 6 an^l>Ut t^lem the sow into a field of v er aci . e f> Veir y luxuriant with red and white clo ftort* OKI c timothy and blue grass ;in 1 tuey could not be in better paftnre, to this W E D N K S D A Y, August 26, 17^9. they had the advantage of/hade, a fine spring of water to drink or wallow in at pleasure, and the common wash of the kitchen ; their weight when turned out was it, 12 and ijlb.the remaining four were put into a stable by themselves, they had plenty of clean straw and as much ikimmed milk as they could drink, the weight of three of them was 9, 10 & 1 gib. therefultof the experiment was, that 111 three weeks time from their being put up, those with the low with all the advantages above mentioned, and the milk of the seven, weighed 16, 17 and x 9] Ij. the three in the stable, 2J, 22, and 191b. which together make 14 pounds weight in favor of the latter, to which we ihouldalfo add the four pounds against them when firft put up, which added make ißlbs. superior to the former. Our farmers, in general, are too negligent of t heir young stock of every kind, it is cultomary tor them to fuffer the mother and young to fhift themselves ; all animals grow in the inverse ratio to their age, and therefore the younger they are, the more neceflary to give them plenty of food,if you de fire them to acquire the full growth of which their nature is capable. An animal Hunt ed when young neverthrives afterwards equal to those which have had justice done them. lam fatisfied from a little experience, that a ftridler attention to the railing of our cattle and stock of all kinds would give us a breed on our farms equal to any in the world, and would at the fame time add greatly to our own wealth and that of our country. I am Gentlemen, Your friend, GEORGE LOGAN. Stenton, June 2J, 1789. To the Public in general, and the Manufactur ers of Pot and Pearl-Ash in particular. THE price of pot and pearl-ash for several years part has heen much reduced, and does not afford the manufaifluiers a due comoenfation foi their trouble, besides their being de rived of one half the nrcfit that might be made o . those alhes that are exported, called the second and third qua lities. It is attended with adifadvantageous con sequence to export any of them, or tolet the Eng li(h import any except of the firft quality, as they have got into a method of refining salts and bad pot-ash in England of late, which has reduced the price of our firft kind of alhes at least five pounds fterliiig pr. ton, besides the duty they demand of us. It is well known to be the greatest branch of manufacture that we have in the five northern States, and as the duty and freight are the fame on the second and third as on the firft quality, and we have works prepared for the purpofe,and are ready to pay the calh for the second and third qualities, it behoves us in season to prevent fo reigners from receiving three quarters of the pro fits of our mod material cash article. Newport y Ai/gufl 12, 1789. WELLINGTON, (ENGLAND) JULY I 788. IT being now a wet season for hay, I request the following method may be recommended to farmers in general, in order to make their hay serviceable to their cattle, horses, &c. No per son, whose hay has been out along time, and re ceived much damage thereby,fhould put ittogeth er before made dry, and the water quite out of it, and when putting together, take, to every three hundred weight of hay, one pound and a quartei of fait, and throw it into the rick, or hay-mow, as often as you well can, so that all the hay may receive the virtue from it. In the winter, the grazier will fee the good effedts, by the cattle, &c. likingthe hay, and even giving it the preference to other. Wishing well to the public, is my motive. N. W. SKETCH OF PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS. In the HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES of the UNITED STATES. Wednesbav, august 19, 1789. [Debate on the Amendment of the Senate to the Bill for providing for the expences of Negociations and Treaties with the Indians, ire.] MR. BALDWIN observed, That the matter is left undetermined, whether the treaty with theWabafh nation is to be included in the provision as reduced by the Senate or not: If it is, acccord ing to the account given by the Governor of the Western Territory of the actual expences attend ing treaties at which he has been present—it will fall very much short of what will be absolutely requiiite, to ensure the objedt, which the House appear to have in contemplation. He moved to amend the amendment, by adding these words, " for holding treaties with the Indians south of the Ohio." \_PubliJhed at Wedncfday and Saturday .~\ Mr. Sherman laid, than from information he had received, there was a large fiun, forty thon fand dollars, granted by the late Congress for the business of holding treaties, which has not been accounted for, and great part of which is now on hand : He supposed that the Senate had this in view when they made the amendment. Mr. Fitzsimons Replied to Mr. Sherman, and observed, that there is some miflake refpedting the gentleman's information on the fubjetlt before the house : In order therefore that they might atfl underftandingly, and obtain an accurate state of he moved that the amendment might lye on the table till to morrow* Mr. Sedgwick said, when this business was before under consideration, I was furpiizcd to find the majority of the house in favor of the sum then moved for, as The President in his mefliige appeared to have in contemplation a treaty with he Creek nation only—and why we should ex ceed the sum neceflary for that purpose, without my previous estimate, is to me perfeiflly incom prehensible : To vote a sum of money in this stage of the government, double to what is neceflary for the immediate objed:, and when the circumstan ces of our Treasury are such, that wecannot make any provision for the public Creditors, is a very extraordinary app op; iaiion It very rarely hap pens that a gove nment excee U in economy— the sum in the amendment will, be amply fuffi cient—and if we were to vote the lai gilt sum, we have reason to fuppol'e that the business would be protracfied till the w hole is expended.—l hope the house will concur with the Senate. Mr. Sumpter was in favor of a concurrence,as he thought that 20000 dollars would be fully com petent to the objetfl. Mr. Madison replied to Mr. Sedgwick: He controverted his sentiment with refpe<ft to eco nomy, as applied to States —he doubted the as sertion that government may not exceed in the practice of it—and he was not fare that in the present instance it would not eventually appear, that unneceflary additional expence was incurred by too great caution not to exceed in the grant : Hefeconded Mr. Fitzfimons' motion to defer the iecifion till to-morrow. Mr. Boudinot was opposed tothe motion—lt is a principle with me (said he) from which I do not mean to deviate, that in all our appropria tions we ought to have special regard to the state of the treasury.—What estimate have we to shew that so large a sum as 40,000 dollars is neceflary "or this business ? I presume none.—The number of Indians to be provided for,is much beyond the number requisite to give the treaties all poflible validity : 1*( she former difcuflion of this l'ubject, the gentleman from South-Carolina (Mr. Sump :er) fully convinced me that so large a number is quite unneceflary—We ought to consider upon his occalion, that such large grants will influence in future appropriations.—lf the sum mentioned in the amendment should be found infufficient, the President will give us notice accordingly, and the deficiency may befupplied—but if we ap propriate a sum that is mc ethan fufficient in the present ftaie of our treasury, we fliall find that we fubje<ft oui selves to very great inconveniences, .ind cannot juftify such a step. lam of opinion that 20,000 dolla: s will be found fully fufficient with what is now on hand : I hope therefore, hat we fliall not agree to the motion for poftpone inent —the time fixed for holding the treaty is the fifteenth of September, that is fact approaching : What would be the consequence should the war iors return home after appearing on the ground, ind not find the commiflioners there to meet hem ?—To lose a single day, may be attended .vith fatal efFe<fls. Mr. Lauraivce was in favour of the motion for postponement: Hewifhed, he said, that ac curate information mav be obtained, refpedting Teveral circumstances which had been mentioned : Time must be allowed for this ; and by to-mor row the house may be in pofleflion of such fads as will enable them to acft more underftandingly in the business. I trust Sir, said he, that lam as averse as any member in this house, to taking money profufely, or unneceflarily out of the public purse; but this is an important fubjeifl: The house appear to be fully sensible of this, and therefore making such provisions as may be com mensurate to the object in the firft instance, is the most likely way toenfure that objed:, and will turn out to be the most saving method in the end. The motion for postponement being put, was negatived. Mr. Baldwin's motion to insert the words south of the Ohio was then taken up. Mr. Scott : It may perhaps be wondered at, Mr. Chairman, that as I live upon the frontiers, and may be supposed to know fomcthing of the