r /" S s' * fX's* '*+> s£ sY /*nJ $ >(/<' *Ls /4 /**> -%T" X,' v «s ■ (<■' i *'>'Vs^%- / ?' ; ' 4 ;:> '•• *.-''< ■[No. XXXI.] -j- E "j* ABL ET. No. XXXI. a fhereisno natural reason why youth may not ac ■iirefuch habits as will bejl prunots their honor and f' /// when they "re advanced in life. —But there "a reason in the nature of things why a child badly clucited Jhould not make a good man." THE reasoning, that has been applied, in some of the preceding numbers, to li terature, will equally hold good with refpert to business. It is no doubt a common error in this country that men are not suitably educated for thcbulinefs they are to follow. Many persons, whofc circumstances require them to purine lome occupation or profeffion, are qualified for none. Nothing is wore evident than that habits of idlcnefe anddilfipation in youth are incompati ble with a love of industry and economy in any subsequent period. For this reason, parents should be careful to cultivate in their children a love of application and frugality before years of manhood*.* It strikes the eye of even a careless traveller through this country that estates are feldrim preserved in the fame family for more than two generations. By a suitable pre caution in the mode of education, estates mijht not only be preserved, but encreafcd through a long line of dependents. Each fuc-, ceilbr would improve upon the plans and exam ples that had been left him, and parents might anticipate the pleafurethat their children, with out the aid of entailment, would hold fall their patrimonial inheritance. 1 Pleasure may be indulged to a certain extent, without becoming a ruling paflion. It may be kept subservient to business ; and when confined within proper reltridtions, it may have a ufeful effect. The children of rich parents are encou raged so far in the gratification ol their wi/hes, that a love of idlenels and dillipation becomes ha bitual. This indulgence is given under the idea of acquiring fafhiouable accomplishments. Young men arc allowed to run such a career, that they acquire so strong an attachment to amufenicnts and expences, as cannot be laid aside, when bu siness and economy bccome indifpenfible. It is easy to perceive that such an education is not calculated to make men accumulate or even to five property ; but to squander what is commit ted to their hands. In a country where the great bulk of the inha bitants mull earn their own subsistence, it can hardly be proper to borrow modes of education from a people, where few are cducatedin habits of pleasure and expence, bnt those who are ei ther bom to fortunes, or will be provided with elevated employments. It is of public advantage that opulent men rtiould flatter a considerable proportion of their income among the various occupations and trades that fill up society. But it can be of no utility for persons to become ha bituated to a train of expences, which they will sooner or later be obliged to discontinue from a deficiency of property. The principles of edu cation in every country ihould be specially ac commodated to the probable circumstances of the general run of the inhabitants. SKETCH OF THE POLITICAL STATE OF AMERICA. OF all the fubjefts upon which the human judgment can be exercised there is none which so nmch demands that its principles ihould be de duced from facft, and be /auctioned by experience as Commerce." As among those causes which operated in pro ducing the late extraordinary revolution in out government, the want of an adequate power tc conduct, on general principles, the commercial interests of this country was probably the mod efficient, we proceed to examine those grounds on which to place our future Commerce, so as to re alize the expectations we have formed, and pro mote our real prosperity and welfare. It i 3 by fomefuppofeu that Commerce ought to be free and unreftraiiied—not fubjetfi to any public exaiftions or duties, and that infuoh a state it will ever find its own "level, and be led by interest into its pro pet channels : However benevolent the idea, this opinion niuft have been prematurely suggested, an d cannot be fnpported without the afi'eut of all nations—for while restrictions are practised by any,a principle of felf defence must render similar Mpofuionj neceflary with others, to effedl apro pcr reciprocity between them : But the necelfity '•rajfing a revenue to government from this pro ductive source, abftraOted from other confidera forms an argument against the idea of a commerce, altogether free—and I conccive that c c merchant may be retrained, and trade not materially injured—for why may not a limitation some of the natural rights of men herein be cqoally productive of general advantage, as in a W E D N D S-D A Y, July 29, 17^9. variety of ocher positions, where it is sanctioned by every principle of good government ? Perhaps by a due attention to the subject, the danger of licentiousness, without such regulations, is here to be peculiarly expected. As America in the pre sent united state of her government afl'umes an e qual rank among the other nations of the world, iheir critical attention will be directed to all her public movements, while her own future fafety and happiness may be materially effected by the early part of her administration : It is therefore of importance that we should nicely weigh the ends we have in view, and ascertain the general expediency and tendency of ourplans of internal policy, or foreign negociation : It may rot be here amiss to suggest a few observations relative to the principle of difcriinination in our trade laws, though no eflential benefit could be expect ed from that which was proposed—yet the princi ple is I think supported by every consideration of found policy—is conformable to the practice of other trading countries, and if not expressly, is conftrucftively implied by our exifling commer cial treaties—nor does it hold out the idea of re venge or refentment,which ought ev£r to be depre cated as of an injurious tendency when dictating ei ther private or public measures—but felf-intereft, the prevailing principle of every nation, strong ly urges the propriety of a difcriinination ; nor will the benevolent feelings, or kind willies of those nations who at present bar us from every kind of intercourse with them, but that which is ruinous to ourselves, be found to produce that mutual compromise which promises mutual bene fit, while we tamely allow them every advantage of our trade without any return : It is alked will you risque a commercial war with Great Britain ? will you consent to forfeit your future claim on the credit of her merchants ? I answer, that we will like her, ground a navigation acft on the basis of our own interell—we will, like her, become our own carriers—we will prohibit the introduc tion of liei* manufactures, to the encouragement of our own—we will prohibit from exportation to her ports our ashes, flax-feed, and other ma terials eflential to her manufactures : London lhall be no longer the great entrepot of our tobacco, rice, &c. for the consumption of half Europe—no longer fliall theirvefTels bring us rum, taking in return provisions and lumber, for the supply of their Weft Indies orNova-Scotia pofleflions—while their procurators and our regilters of deeds and mortgages would be the principal fufFerers by the lofsof credit from their merchants : If Great-Bri tain can import her tobacco, rice, &c. on equal terms from the Brazils or the Indies—can obtain equally good ashes, or flax-feed from the North of Europe, or find there so general and advantage ous a consumption of her manufactures—if her Weft-Indies can be as cheaply supplied with pro visions from Ireland—lumber and flour from her Nova-Scotia and Canada dominions, she may not consent to open a more liberal trade , but if this, as I presume, is not the cafe, /he will be disposed to meet us in d commercial contract, founded on a more perfect Veciprocity than now exists between us. A further examination of this subject shall be attended to, and a fubftltute for our present chan nel of trade explored. AMERtCANUS. ORIGINAL SPECIMENS of ELOQUENCE. [Continued from our last.] AFTER the fever at points in difcuflion had keen adjujled, the boundaries ascertained, and the Treaty figiied on both parts; the following SPEECHES were delivered by , Tuskegatahee. " I am not a Chief, but willfpeakfor my Coun try. I shall always pay great regard to what I have heard respecting the Treaty, as well what may be sent us hereafter by Congress ; and, as 1 am within the limits of the United States, I shall always expect their protection and assistance.— Our Younw Men and Warriors have heard what has palled? I expect, as our boundaries are as certained, Congress may be informed of them : and that, as Peace is now firmly established, and we are all friends, we may be allowed to hunt on each other's lands without molcltation. On my part, being in Peace and Friendship with you, I shall feel myfelf fafe wherever 1 go. Many of your people on Cumberland and Kentucky lose their horses in our lands, and should we find them, I wish Col. Martin to receive them." Nowota. u I am fond to hear the talks of the beloved MenofCongrefs ; andof ours. You,Commiffion ers ! remember the Talks ; and I shall always en deavour to support the peace and friendfhip now established. I remember your talks by Col. Mar tin and I promifecl to be attached to America : but until the present, I was afraid to be in your Country. lam now perfectly happy, flnce you are to protect us. Your prifonear Chickaman ga, I will deliver you.—r'ormeriy Capt. Cainuie ron saw jultice done to us in our land—he is gone—arid I now depend on the Coimninioncrs. if any thing rests with me to llrengthTii our friend - •hip, I will faithfully execute it. T u ar<: no-u our Protectors. When I go and tell to those of our People, who could not come to hear your talks, what I have seen and heard—they will rejoice.— 1 have heard your declarations of a deiire to do us any service in your power, 1 believe you, and in. confidence lhall relt happy." The Commijfioncrs spoke : " WE will give you provisions lor the road and wilh you may be happy. We will lend up to Cou grefs all our talks." The Talk Elders to the late Agent to the Cherokees. " Broth er ! " WE have been long acquainted with you, and know you to be our friend. But what is the rea son Congress has not moved those people from our lands before now ? You was one of the beloved Men that spoke for Congress at Keowee, three years ago. Youthen said the People should move off in fix moons from that time—but near forty moons are past, aud they are not gone yet ! " We well remember whenever we are invited into a treaty (as obferveJ by us at that time) and bounds are fixed,that the White People fettle much fafter on our lands, than they did before. It mult certainly be the cafe, " thev think we will not break the pcace directly, and they will ftreiigtlien. theinfelves and keep the lands.' You know this to be the cafe. You told us at the Treaty, "if any White People fettled on our Lands, we might do as we pleafedwith them." " They come and fettle close to our towns, and fonie of the Chicamoga People come (contrary to our desire) and killed a family.—Then the white People came, and drove us out of our towns, and killed some of our beloved Men, and fevcral Wo men, and little Children—although we could not help what the Chicamoga People does. You knew that-well. We arc now like Wolves, rangingabout the woods to get something to eat. Nothi ■ o TO BE SEEN IN OUR TOWNS, BUT BONES, WEEDS, andgrass. Butfor all this, wewiii lye stilt., and we will not do any more mischief, if the White People -will fop. JAM BUT A BOY— but my eyes arc open—and wherever i turn; them, mar)- youn% vien turn -with them. I here give you this String of White Beads, as a to!;eri of my friendlhip to you. Also I present you with a string inthe nameof your brother John Watts— he fays he holds you fall by the hand : but he can not fee you yet, as he is in great trouble about his Uncle. " The Corn-Tassf.l will come to your house towards the Spring, and It ay a great while with you, as it will be very hungry times with him then." (To be continued.) FOREIGN AND COMESTIC MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. LONDON, MAY 3. Some days ago Dr. Willis had the honor of waiting upon his Majesty ; when he entered the apartment he found the King looking over some papers, on which he made a Ihew of retiring. " Stop, Doflor, fays the King —I have been only looking over some accounts, which J have now dove with ; but there is one account which I am afraid it will never be in my power to fettle —my great obliga tions to you."—The Doctor's expectations may therefore be great. Progrcfs of English Arts. The Amphitheatre on which Humphreys and Mendozo are to box, is entirely finiflied ; —it forms an o