iurrounded by 400 youths in uniforms, and three
discharges made from one hundred pieces of
cannon. lir the evening there was a general il
lumination, and the chief club of the old re
presentatives finiflied it by giving a supper to the
principal magiltrates.
1 he affairs ot Poland remain in the fame state
ot uncertainty as they have done tor some time
pall.
Dil'patches have been received from Gibraltar,
which were brought over in the Active Cutter,
arrived off the Mart. They are dated the 10th
111 ft. and contain an account of two Barbary cor
sairs having palled that place with an American
bark in tow ; the corsairs were under jury-malts,
und that provilions were very plenty and reason
able.
Ext raft of a letter from Paris, March 16.
" The Prince of Naflau let offfor Madrid on the
5 th. charged, it is thought with some commiilioii
fioni the Empress to the King of Spain, he being
the only Monarch wliofe mediation Ruliia has 1101
rejec'ted. The expedition of the Prince of Aaf
lau is extraordinary ; for in less than forty days
lie will have paid his court to five Sovereigns. He
stopped three days at Warsaw, five at Vienna,
ieven here, in eight days he will be at Madrid,
and thinks on returning to Peterlburgh before
the Bth of May. It is thought that the King oi
Spain, who, when Prince of Afturias, had a greai
regard for him, will appoint him a Lieutenant-
General, two ol his Cadets, Camp-Marshals, hav
ing already been raised to that rank. He will
likewile have the order of the golden fleece, which
was promised by the late King. Though ftil]
young, his hair, owing to fatigue, begins to be
come grey, but he is in good health, and will
certainly be in the Black sea before the month oi
June, ready to face the Captain-Patlia again."
COMMERCIAL.
The silks imported from Piedmont into Great
Britain, in the course of last year, amounted to
not less than two hundred thousand pounds.
Piedmont and Bologna furnifh the very finelt
wrought silk in Europe. One grand advantage
which we have in the commerce of the Levant,
is, that the Sicilian silks are confined to a parti
cular season of the year, whereas those of the
Levant are brought at all times. The January
are Very richl y loaded with the very
. *l lks > those of February and March contain
an inferior fort. The Dutch, in the course of
lalt year, imported seven thousand bales of silk
from Caflembazzar in the East-Indies. This place
furnifhed, in the whole, that year, upwards of
twenty thousand bales ; each bale weighed one
hundred pounds. The French, in the fame year,
imported into Lyons fix thousand bales of silk
iixteen hundred of which came from Sicily. '
MK. SECKAR,
During the time of hu retirement, wrote a very excellent
work on the importance of religious opinions, calculated to
Item the torrent of infidelity which so generally prev,,ls u, Eu
rope. "It appears to me, " fays he in the introdudf on, •• that
there are interests which may be confidercd as patriotic by intel
ligent and feeling beings; and while the inhabitants of the fame
country, and the fuhjefi, of the fame prince, employ themselves
diligently in one common plan of defcncc, the ritizens of the
worM ought to be incessantly anxious to give every new and puHi
ble support to those exalted opinions on which tlj- true gieatnefs
of their exiffence is founded ; which preserves the imagination
irorn that frightful fpeftacle of an existence without origin, of ac
tlon without liberty, and futurity without hope. Thus alter hav
ing, as I think, proved myfclf a citizen of Jra/ice by my aehni
mftration, ai well as my writings, I wish to unite my'fclf to a fra
ternity still more extended, that of the whole human race; it is
thus, without dispersing our sentiments, we maybe able, ne\c'rthe-
Jess, to communicate ourselves a great way off, and enlarge, in
some mealure, the limits of our circle; glory be to our Junking
faculties for it! to that spiritual portion of ourselves which can
take in the pall, dart into futurity and intimately allbciate itfclf
with thedeftiny of men of allcountries, and of all ages. Without
doubt a veil is thrown over the greater part of those truths to
which our cunofity would willingly attain; but those which a be.
nificent God has permitted us to lee, are amply fufEcient lor our
£tnde and iiiffruftion; and we cannot for a continuance divert our
attention without a fpecn-s of flothful negligence, and a total indif
ference to superior interefls of man. How little is everv thing in
deed when put in competition with those meditations which give
to our existence a new extent,and which in detaching us from the
dull of the earth, fcem to unite our fouls to an infinity of space. and
our duration of a day to thecternity ot tune! Above all it is lor you
to determine, who have sensibility, who feel the want of a Su
preme Being, and who seek to find in Him that support so necessary
to your weakness; that defender,and that aflurance, withoutwhich
painful inquietude will be perpetually tormenting you, and trou
bling those foft tender affeaions which constitute your happi
ness. The whole of this cxcelleat work dcfctve, a veiy attentive
perusal.
[London-Derby, March 17.] It is with the fmcerefl plea
sure we intorm the public, and especially the citizens of Derry
that in confluence of the laudable exertions of the corporation
to forward the ereaion of a bridge over the river Foyle, Mr'
Thompson and Mr. Cox, of Boston, in New-England, arrived in
tlus city They are Itrongly recommended for their
knowledge in bridge building: and, we underltand that they en
tertain not the fmallcft doubt of being able to cocftrucf a bridge
over our river, upon the fame plan of those which they lately
crcfted near Boston. *
The corporation and citizens of Derry have now an opportunity
of accompiifhing a mealure of the greatel! public utility. Every
exertion ftjould, therefor, be used to arrange matters'for begin
ning a bulinefs, which promises to encreafe the trade and profpe.
rity of the city of Derry, and the adjacent conntry.
March 24. Since our last the engineers who lately arrived here
from America, have founded the river across at the Ferry-quay,
and we have authority in faying, that it is their decided opinion,'
a wooden bridge, on the confti uaion of those lately erected near
Bolton, is very pi a&icable at said place.
The tate KING of PRUSSIA'S Character of GEORGE 11.
GEORGE was firm in his purposes, more covetous than eco
nomical, capable of labour, but dcftitute of patience, violent,
brave, and governing England by the interest of his ele&oratc,
yet too little mailer of himfelf to direst a nation whose idoi is li
berty.
Character of the KING of PORTUGAL, by the fame»
THIS country, in the year 1740, made no figure in Europe.
Don Juan was remarkable only lor his extraordinary paflion for the
cercmonies of the Church. By the Pope's brief, he obtained the
right of having a Patriarch, and by a lecond brief, that of faying
mass. Ec cle fistic a 1 fun&ions formed his whole delight; hit
buildings were convents, his soldiers monks, and his miitrello
nuns.
The char after of CZAR PETER, avdof the RLSSI ANNtS t is defcribea
ms forcible in fewer words.
" THE Czar operated 011 the Kullians like aqua fortison iron."
The political rank of HOLLAND is also painted hy a finglefiroke.
AFTER. England comes Holland, which takes its direflion
from the former, like a iznall lhallop from a ihip of war to which
it is attached."
His Prussian Majcjly ikus charaflerfs the POLES.
POLAND is in a liate of perpetual anarchy. The great fa
milies have all of them (eparate interelts,and all preferring them
selves to their country, they agree only in feveritv towards theii
vafials, whom they treat more like beasts than human creatures.
The Poles arc vain, insolent in good fortune, servile in adverfny;
thjy stick at nothingto a mass money, which having obtained un
jultly, they spend it prodigally ; as fickle in their judgments aj
frivolous in their taiies, then meafuies are adopted capriciously,
and abandoned without reason. The unfteadinels of their cha
rattcis is continually pmnging them into difficulties. They have
laws ; but no one observes them, for want of coercive authority."
The KING'S character of HIMSELF, in a letter to Voltaire, 1737.
MY dear Cefanon has given too advantageous an account of me.
How fortunate it is to have such a friend ! But alloy me to unde
ceive you, and to trace my own chara£ler in a few words. I hav<
but little merit and little knowledge, but I have an extraordina
ry love for both, and an inexhaustible fund of esteem for per.
sons of diftinguifhcd virtue. Together with these qualities, ]
feel myfelf capable of all that conltancy which true friend (hit
requires ; with judgment fufficient to do justice to your great ta.
Jents, but not enough to hinder me from writing bad verles."
AMERICA.
Maryland.
Extra# cf a letters torn 1 gentleman in Old.Ttfwn, to his friend here,
dated May 6.
[Frederick-Town, March 20.] " It pleases me much to
hod the Patowmack navigation-info flourifhmg a Hate. I arri
vtd here, on my way to ihe western country. This place put!
me very much in mind of a sea-port, so many sailors, or rather
boatmen, in their (hort jackets and caps, walking the streets, and
the maltr is running up and down, difpoling of their cargoes of
rum, wine, &c. and pureha&ng wheat and bacon to take down
»gain. Since the navigation o» the Patowmack is so far advanced
we have great reason to hope the work will be fully completed'
and th«n the country about the head of Patowmack will flourifh
amazingly."
Extract cj a Utter from Berlin, a town on the Patoumad River, on the
Maryland trait, dated May 21.
May 27. "A few days ago pailrd by this town, five boats,
from Opequan, the South-Branch, and Old-Town, together with
a large raft of pine plank, which floated from abov? 100 miles
back with several horses on it.—One ot the boats belonging to
u J P r P'.'BB' of Old-Town, came from that place with 21
hog (heads of tobacco to Watt's Branch, near the Great-Falls, 111
one day and an half, reckoned to be 180 miles."
[Baltimore, June 2.3 Last Saturday morning, (at a Villa
fr„m C r V ' C T y °' th ! Stown : M n r - J ohn Dublain, a gentleman
from Cape Francois, being in a state of infamty, put a pe.fod to
his exiflence, by Ihuotmg himfelf through the head with a muf
[Philadelfhia, June to.] The wonderful exertions of
this country in (Economy and industry affoid the mod heartfelt
latisfaUion to the patriots in every situation : Men in public ftati
ons in almoftevery State are cloathing ihemfelves in the manufac
turesot the country-thc old branches aredaily improving—new
ones mtioduced—and domejlu manufactures extending bevoud
any thing ever Known heretofore. This f.lent prog,eh of induf
ry in this latter way has been evidenced by the wonderful f 4 le<
of jpinmng uheel iron, in ihisciiy, which in the year last past in
twoftorc, or.lv, have amounted to 5860 sets. It is with high
pleafurt we add, that a great number of wheels have been (hip
ped in the coaiters to the (hores of the Chefapeak.
It is supposed that the great rednftionin the prime cost of cot
ton goous in Europe is owing to the infant eftabliflrmeuts in that
ine m this country, A-hich the European manufacturers naturally
(V / u> dlkoura g<-- If they will maintain a fair rival
ex'euions Cl " notblamc thcin > let it spur us to due
Laftweek John Lucas, Esq. of Boston, fubferibed Hve (hares
to inl this city, -and the 1. giflature of the State
have fubicribed one hundred (hares. The principal objects of
attention have been cottons dyed and printed, fuftians, jeans, de
rnrns,couonades waistcoat patterns and fcederal ribs, all of which
have a cotton filling and flaxen warp.
The mar.ufactory of Taylors threads has been attempted here
and executed with great perfection by three very valuable citi^
machrnes. y ' ICndj " The ' r operations are principally by
We hear that five additional paper-mills are now erecting in
this State, and that the company of paper hanging pnriteis from
Francehave commenced their establishment near this city.
INFORMATION FOR WEAVERS.
<irdl" '™P™ vcm<-m ° n 'he weavers (huttle has lately been made in
Scbtland. tour friction wheels, somewhat thicker than a dollar
are infeited in it so far, as iuft to enable the {hurtle r
the projecting parts with great ease and velocity. The
wheels is made ot wood, and the wheel, of U steel T w„ „ t
Many things (fays a correspondent) formerly fuooofed k
p&rssx&te&igsz, *«Fr
pie to the (landard of truth a H P refer 'ng jatner to raise the peo
furd notions of anv uartofiK tha " to stoop ,0 the''.b-
Chief lylagiftrates
wc ada rets them, than with a high founding tklc.
w.th Highness, Excellency,'Efquire, and Honorable,in .ts pofrT?
romparat.ve, and fuperlat.ve degrees, and let our rulers
when they fee them, fuppoie ihat they are only intended to aifr o «
Ixtraß of a Utter from a person <f experience and judgment intkebUi,
<><><* f'tthng f >■«" country, dated the i s ti of Apr,l, at dJ~,
i on Lake Orjcgo. '
"I think it would be advifeable to take effeflual Heps toward,
ereft;ng pot-ash works in your neighbourhood, (on the
Pennsylvania, near the state line and New-York government,
only tor your own advantag,, but that of the fetllers. The Deem,
here act. for clearing our heaviest timbtr'd lands, four poual
acre, and find theralelves—or to have the alhes forthelr pay L
tlioie who live convenient to pot-alh workschoofe to pavne a Sn
price, rather than give up the aihes. So that ,t is reduced Z I
country'"' aIV ' w '" lor cI «" D S any sand ta 7i^
In order to (hew the extreme danger of trusting all the leirilk.
live power of a State to a fmgle rcprefenlation, we be? leavt ■„
tiMfcnbe a few f litencts from a letter, writteu by the Honorable
John Adams, Esq. Vice-Pietident ot the United States, to 0 a?
ot his friends in North-Carolina, who requeued him to far,„
him with a plan of government for that State, in the year i-fi'
I his ll uftriom citizen, who is lecond to no man in America jt
an inflexible attachment to the liberties of this country, aojto
republican forms of government, writes ajfollow :
" I think a people cannotbe long free, norever happy wh*/ettuni
ment ts in one ALembly. My reafjns for this opinion areasJol.oui
,'• " //'"a 1 ' Ajfcmbly is liable to all the n.es, follies and friilia
of an individual,fubjid to ft, of humour: Start* ofpafhns,- flub,
of entnunafm : partialities of prejudice, and confeauently pruuditc ,(
t.afly refu!t> andabf.udjutL mints. All these 'errors ««•/,( tebecmij.
id, and defeclsfupphed by fume controuling pouer.
2. '• A finale Afjcmbly is apt to be avaricious, and in tinu anil m
It ruple to exempt itjelf from hut dens, which it v,U lay, uithnt lib.
pundion, upon its conjttturnts.
3. A jingle AJembly is apt to grow ambitious, and after at,,„
will not htjltate to vote itfilf perpetual This Ms one fault of the /«,
parliamentbut more remarkably of Holland, whose Ajfemtly ir fl v Jd
themf Ives from annual to fcptenmal, itunfor lile, and after am,H
iJ'fi'" f** r vacanaes happening by death, or other wife, fhtuU ie
pi eapy themselves, without any application to conjlituenfs at all.
4. " Becaitfe a Jingle AJfembly pojfejjed of all the pvicers of goien*
ment mould mute arbitrary laws for their own interefl, and adiud/t all
contmerfies in their own favor." ' 0
If any thing could be ueceiTary upon this fuhjeft, after fudi m
authority, we might here add,' that Montesquieu, Harrington,
Milton, Addifon, Price, Bolingbroke, and others, the wild
lUtelmen, and the greatest friends to liberty in the world, but
lett tcilimonies upon record of the extreme folly and danger of a
people being governed by a single legiftature. "
* A Committee of the Convention, which formed the ConJlitutm,[
Pennsylvania, pubhfhed in the I'ennflvania Packet of OSober it, 1776,
as an apology for one of their Ordinances that was tnought to be ailurs
ry and unjujt, that it was pas/ed " when the minds of the Cenvatu*
were agitated, and their passions inflamed."
SKETCH of PROCEEDINGS of CONGRESS.
In the HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES of tht
UNITED STATES.
Wednisday, June 10, 1789.
In committee of the whole, on the bill to regulate the collec
tion of the impost. b
Mr.TiuMßVit in the chair.
On motion of Mr. Madison, a clause was inserted, whicb
provides, " that there shall be a surveyor at each of the ports of
tk ry c *«pting certain ports to be enumerated.
motion of Mr. Ames, which was withdrawn yesterday,
* again brought forwajd by that Gentleman—and adopted as a
claule, to be inserted id the bill—lt provides, That every maftrr
or ot.er perion, having charge or command of a ship or veffel
bound to any port of the United States, shall be obliged to po
lice, on uemand, to any officer, or per Ton authorised for the
purpo e, two manfclls, fpecilying in words, the true contents ot
rl C c^.& oon oar< i such Ihip or vessel; one of which manifffti
ie o cer is to endorse, and return to the Captain,noting the time
the fame was produced to him. The other he is to trans
mit to the naval officer of the port where the said vessel is bound to.
several other propositions were produced, and debated; but
not accepted.
The committee then rose, and the Houfc adjourned.
Thursday, Junk u.
in committee of the whole, on the bill to regulate the collcc-
Lion of the impost. 5
M r - Trumbull in the chair.
r. rARkIn moved to insert the following clanfe in the bill,
viz. rovided that no ship or vessel, not belonging wholly to
a citizen or citizens of the United States, shall be permitted to e»-
U "i r3t ot^lcr » than the following ports, viz.
is clause, the Gentleman observed, was necelTary to hold up
a preference to our own navigation—to secure to the citizens of
/r» tal ?, S exc j. u f lv ely, thecoafting trade ;it would conduce more
?e,ua y[P ecu ring the revenue, and was a provilion fandioncd
} the practice of other commercial countries.
oeveral other observations were made, when Mr. Fitzsimo.ns
£, ro |?° 1 clause ihould be amended by adding—" nor
r 3 ° r f rom India, China, or beyond the Cape of
o° and bound to the United States, enter, or unlade,
but at the following ports, viz.
This clause, with the amendment, occasioned confiderabledif-
u U 'A° n °ppofition to the firft, it was observed, that the re*
n ion could not with propriety be confined to foreign vefffls,
on account of smuggling, as our own citizens, poffefling fupericr
vantages for that business, would more probably evade the
fSTY V 3O ran S crs : That it would operate altogether in favour of
i d I w "0 employed no foreign (hipping; and as
2 A nC t0 cncoura g c our navigation, it was to be ex
pected that the motion would be withdrawn.—With refpeft to
cne clause rcftndmgveffels from India, it was said, that it would
cn to the creating monopolies— to give an undue advantage to
particular posts, to thei aggrandizement and that of individuals
rending i n or near such ports, while it would deprive those who
!" C 3 from them, and whose capitals were limited,
noma venturing in those voyages, as was now the cafe.
"1 lnpport of the clause, it was observed, That foreigners could
wit propriety be reftrifted from entering those ports, which they
. a accuflomed to frequent— and for this reason 110 in
jury wonld be done to the persons refidino- at such places —but to
K'A Cr r OUr own navigation within narrower limits than it
ecn used to, would be produ6tive of extensive ill conff
quence—it will cut off a great proportion of the trade of the
i> - Mates, and in a manner depopulate the sea coast : Thatex
per-ence ot ©ther countries was in favour of reftrifting foreigners
n..i rower limits than our own citizens; they could not be fup
p *- to be actuated by'any motives of attachment to the govern-
Vvf vf Co s in * r y> to induce a compliance with the revenue laws.
frr>r^ lL f to the reftriftion on India lhips, it was said, That
other > t 3t COUDtr y "were more easily smuggled than any
, ls re^r '^' on wa s of the last importance to the re-
Dofttk 35 ° n f - oat load of lndi£ would pav a greater im
p it than a who e cargo from the Weft-Indies: That it would be
po i tic tQ Juffer this uade to be carried on from ports favorably