fame nation, much lcfs can it Le expetfted among
different nations, neceflarily of oppolite interelts,
and naturally jealous of each other's prosperity
and growing greatness ; it is, therefore, clearly
for the interelt of France and England, for poli
tical as well as commercial purpol'es, secretly {o
foment andnourilh, if pollible, an eternal enmity
between the United States of America and the
Barbary Powers, and to /hut us out from all di
rect intercourse and communication with the iin
menfe trade of the Mediterranean ; that they may
check our growth, and continue the carriers of
our fifli, tobacco, wheat, naval Itores, and other
American produce ; these probable difficulties,
or intrigues, will require all our art, addrels and
management effeiftuaJly to counteract. The trade
of the Mediterranean, and of thole countries
bordering thereon, is of vail importance to the
United States, perhaps not inferior to any
object that now prelents; Italy is a vail and fer
tile field for commercial /peculations, luppoled
to con lain at leall twenty millions of inhabitants ;
the French and Eiigliih know by long experience
the lweets of that trade ; and it is probable they
are not ignorant of our abilities to rival them,
and every other nation, not only by carrying our
productions cheaper to every market, but as car
. iers for other nations, if our vetlels could navi
gate with equal l'afety; audit is well known that
one immediate etfect would be the total ruin ol
their Newfoundland filheries and lettlements.
Every man in the leall acquainted with trade,
and of its importance to America, cannot but be
convinced of the innumerable aihantages arili*g
from a permanent uninterrupted neace with ail
the powers on tliofe inhospitable barbary lhores ;
and as some of the molt powerful Princes in Eu
rope do now condelcend, through policy, to pay
an annual tribute to tliofe. nations, it can be
thought 110 disgrace or degrade ion in the United
States of America, in their present infant Hate,
to Hoop to buy their friend/hip, which, though
it jliould colt us dear, yet commercially conii
dered, it can hardly be purchaled too dear ; nor
can this important buhnefs be negociated too
soon, or too secretly. And whde this momentous
object occupies the mind, it is impolfible not to
feel for thediftrefled situation of some of our fel
low citizens now in llavery in Algiers ; their l'uf
ferings, supplications, and past services are loud,
and will, 1 hope, prove irrefiflible calls on the
jullice and humanity of their country.
With innumerable advantages peculiar to our
country, and which may be laid in forne respeCts
to hold all other nations dependent, it is hoped that
our trade will soon be relieved, and that we may
e'er long make a more important and respectable
figure in the commercial world. It is unneces
sary at this time to note all the present produc
tions of the United States, with thofc which
.might be transplanted with ease and advantage,
and made capital articles of export; fufliee it
therefore only to enumerate some of the prin
cipal articles now in our polleiiion for use and
exportation—.Whale-fins and oil, fpermacetl oil
and candles, cod-filh and liver oil, lintfeed and
lintfeed oil, pickled salmon, Iliad, mackrell, her
rings, and other pickled filh, pot and pearl allies,
beef, pork, butter, cheese, tlax, hemp, malts,
timber, and all other kinds of wood or lumber,
with the ulvioft exclusive potfefiion of that invaluable
tree called the live oak, which seems to have
been ordained by Heaven for the sole use of the
American navy, as almolt every attempt to tranf
jplant it to foreign countries Las proved unl'uc
celsful. Tar, pitch, turpentine, rolin, bees and
myrtle wax, tallow, lilk, cotton, Iheeps wool,
hides, Ikins, furrs, grain and pulse of all kinds,
hops, iron, falrpetre, fafiafras, farfaparilla, gin
fang, snake-root, pink ropt, with a great variety
of other roots, abounding in South-Carolina and
Georgia, that poflefs moll allonilhing medicinal
virtues, and which would prove a moll important
and valuable acquilitiou to the Materia JVledica ;
tobacco,, rice, and indigo ; yet with all these
advantages, in almoll all our commercial enter
prises, our present portion is in general little
more than fruitlefs toil, loss, irifult, and contempt.
Hie vivimus ambitiofa
Paupertate onuses. Juv. Sat.
As revenue is the main-spring,. without which
no power 011 earth can put the moll perfect poli
tical machine in motion; so Commerce, situated
and circunillanced as we are, mull be the princi
pal source of revenue ; but it cannot be expected
that our dejetfted commerce can inflantly revive,
or that new projects, however wifely planned,
will immediately be fufficiently productive to
answer all the demands of Government: Ihe
fruits of commerce are neceflarily progreflive,
and while we are waiting on her various opera
tions, it will be both wife and necellary to bear
Juavy b ■ -then; for a Jbort time, and to strain every
lierve, in order to furniih Government with fuf
ficient means to carry into elfecft those prudent
and salutary measures, on which the fuccel's of
our future hopes and prospects mult materially
depend.
And as a llimulus to our immediate and. ltre
nuous exertions, and punctual obedience to the
•, evenue laws, in order that full scope and power
may be given to Government to let every engine
at work; lft every citizen of the United States
consider, that abftratfted from the common bene
fits of a public revenue, which will ultimately be
produced by a well regulated and flouriihing
commerce, there are other blessings flowing there
from, which are neceflarily diffufive, and which
constantly communicate a large portion of their
happy influence and effects to every individual in
the community.—ln great cotnmercialStates, indi
viduals of every rank are continually rifingfrom
obscurity into light, and from small beginnings
frequently become rich, and riches invariably
cariy with them a proportionate degree of influ
ence, which cannot be gained by one, without
taking away, or diminilhing in some degree the
influence of others this continual rotation of
property and influence naturally produces fre
quent rotations of civil oiiicers, or rulers ; the
idle and abl'urd dreams of the divine origin) or
exclusive right of particular names, or families,
to preference, or pre-eminence, -which swayed
the superstitious sons of Greece and Rome, no
longer bias or infatuate mankind ; every man
feels his own individual consequence, and with a
laudable emulation aliens his equal natural rights
and pretcnlions ; detached from the narrow views
and servile ideas of hereditary claims to public
favors or honors; his enlarged mind is more no
bly directed to the aggrandizement of his coun
try ; and he acknowledges no just claim but
merit. Thus Commerce naturally tends to correct
the evils common inStates not commercial, where
particular opulent families often enjoy, for many
fucceflive generations, the exclusive pofleflion of
riches ; and though they do not always inherit
the virtues or abilities by which their anceftoi s
justly acquired pre-eminence, yet they continue
to poflefs exclusively, unjustly, and often by vio
lence, every post of honor, profit and power in
the State, and thereby hold every subordinate
class of their fellow-citizens, or fellow-men, in
a state of absolute dependence and servility—but
where Commerce flourishes, such a state of vassalage
cannot exist; no citizen is necellarily confined to
a particular employer; he is always free to pur
sue his own inclination and interests ; he can
give ample scope to aspiring genius ; and is sure
to reap the jull reward of his labour : Though
he may be a servant, he cannot be a slave ; and
while he obeys the of his country, he may
defy the power, or the tveaknefs of any mailer.
Where Commerce flourishes, arts, agriculture, and
manufactures wili also flourifli; the weak are
protetfted ; genius encouraged ; revenue fuffici
ent j peace preferable, because molt profitable ;
the people quiet, because constantly employed,
and well paid ; war amply equipt, and vigorously
pursued when neceflary; and Government li
berally supported. £. C ;
,(7"o be continued.)
" Saiem, May 19, 1789.
ExtraH of a Utter from t gentleman in Ccngrefs to his friend in Ms
town, May Ij.
" Much will depend on gentlemoi in the comme-cial line, for
fuppomngthe public jnrafures. You justly observe, that au im
post appears almoll the only practicable method of raising monies,
lor the exigences of government. Therefore, if the diitiej are laid'
10 low that they will fall far short of those exigences, in £afe the
whole Ihould be collcfled, how is the deficiency to be fupphed ?
The duties which have been agreed to by the Houfeof Representa
tives, acrord ng to the highest cflimaie that has been made, will
not much exceed two millions of dollars ; and the fuppli, s t/tccf
fary for the current expenses of the year and the annual interefl of
the national debt, will amount to about 2,800,000 dollars. One
great object which the States had 111 view, in inftitutiiig the new
government, wasthe advancementof juftice,and fuppow of publick
cedit : If these objefls are not attained, they will be disappointed.
Ihe duties linpoled will be paid by the consumers ; so that the
tax will not be boine by the merchants ; they will consider the
duties as pai t of the prime cost of the goods, and make their profits
011 that as well as on the pnrchafe money. Nor do I think the
burthen will be very Itnfibly felt by the people—the payment
will be gradual, as they (hall h.ive occasion to consume the goods
The temptations to smuggle will not be so great as heretofore, in
proportion to the amount of the duties : Under the Britilb gove'rn
ment, It was thought a virtue to evatfc payment in this country
uecaufe tin yweretmcopftitutionallynnpofed,by Parliament. The
duties that have been laid under the State governments were un
equal, some, States laying them higher than others, which was an
embarralTmcnt to commcrce—and the monies rail", i were only
for the benefit ot the State where they wcrccollefted—whichoperat
ed inequitably when the goods were consumed in other States •
But now the duties will be equal in all the States ; they will be
laid by the Reprefer.tatives of the people, and be applied for the
bentht ol all, to support the government which they haveeftablifh
ed, and to pay the mtereftof the debtincurred for eftablilhine their
liberties and independence. These connderations, I ti 11ft win
have fufhcicnt weight with every konefll and virtuous citizen to
induce him cheerfully to pay thuduties. Much attention has been
paid to equalize them upon the several articles, fothat the citizens
ot one State, ot. one branch of commerce, may not be burthencd
mote than another. There has been cor,fiderable debate upon
the article of Mohffes ; and it would doubtless have been rated
lower were not so great a proportion of it did,lied into rum As
it aftefls the difhlleries, it is fuppofedthat thatbranch will be nol
ourthened more than other branches, or the proportion between
imported rum and N. England rum be m+ich altered, and what
alteration is made will be in favour of N. E. rum I fupr„,f
the duty on molaffcs confnmed in lubftance should have been about
4 cents per gallon, to make it equal to fait, in propotion to tin
value of each article. But molalTes, tho' a very ufeful article is
not quite lo necelfary as lalt ; fothat if the people reduce the con
fumpt,on of.it one gallon infix, it will not colt them more than il
no duty had been laid 011 it; but if we consider the extra duty
above 4 cents, and leflen the consumption 1 gallon in 18, it will
remedy the evil and not lessen the profit of the importer, for he
will make his advance on the duty as well as on the prime cost
The duties on articles imported from the Britifii W. Indies will
be on.y Jntifh bottoms, and the importer must pay them in the
fitft liiftance, and piqbably must bear a part of them ultimately
I he importation of dutied articles will be from foreign countries'
and conic quently 111 pretty large vessels ; so that the collection may'
be mde easily fecurcd t'ian m small boats and coalling velTilf
EXTRACTS.
[A it mujl excite the attention of Farmers, and Country Trains th
being immediately interejled, and the public good conntfleit uithj!
we publish the following injormation (received ft om a gentleman /„,/
ly retimed from the EaJlindiesJ refpeßtng the falc oj butter fa]
country'.]
From Thomas's Massachusetts Spv, &c.
I. ARCE quantities of Butter, exported from this State to tl, e
Ealhndies were lold as low as 4 coppers pi. lb. owin« to the 1.1
lowing errors, and inattention in putting up that aiticle, viz __ n ,"
working out the buttermilk—putting large quantities of fait | lt '
tween the layers—salting it with coaife daik unsuitable fait— net
soaking the llrong brine before the Buttir is put in b
which rcafon tllii next to the wood is much injured, iome kt»,
made of sappy unfit timber, and butter of different complexion)
put down indiscriminately, which exceedingly injures the appear
ance.
Il is of theutmoft consequence to have our Butter and Beef f fc
periorin quality (as they loon will be m that of Ire
land, otherwise we (hall be deprived of foreign markets, or wh n
exported, mull be fold, as above, to a great lot's. If the'foliowmf
directions be attended to, they will loon establish the reputation
of our Butter, and raifc its value.
Let the Butter be made while the milk or cream remain
the buttermilk entirely worked out; a quantity of clean, white'
fine fait, fufficient to keepitperfeflly sweet, worked into it; pick.'
eel, without any fait between the layers, into kegs that will contain
lix or eight gallons, made ot White oak umber, tree from lap. trht
and full bound ; let the kegs be weil soaked strong brine, ad
then tarred, before the butler is packed ; and endeavor to fiii'ejcli
keg, as near as poflible, with butter of one complexion.
It would be Deit to have all Butter put up at the dairies, foot
after it is churned and prepared for packing; but as a coufideraW:
part is carried in lumps to the country Ihopkeepers, and soon be
comes rancid, if fullered to lay expufed to the air in their (hops
(which is too frequently the cafe)—much therefore depends oa
their attenl ion to pack it immediately, observing the above di
rections, and dcpoliting it afterwards in cool cellars.
AN OLD SIM I LIE (JCAMINLD.
I ■ 1
" THE world has been long amused with a trite and hackoied
companion between the life of man, aid (hat of States; in which
it is pretended that they both proceed in the fame irrevocable
manner ; lrom n.tancy to maturity, iiom maturity to death : A
companion, perhaps as groundlcfs as it is common. Theliumau
body contains, in its very textuie, the feeds of certain diffolmion
That is, though you set aside all tV poflible accidents arifingfrom
intemperance, Ironi the influcnceol the elements, tneclimate,and
every other external and contingent caule, the human frame ufclf,
after a certain pei lod, Would glow into rigid ity; the fluids would
decrease, the solid accumulate, the arteries c/fih, the blood (Wiiatc
and the wheels oflile Hand fti'lL
But in focictics, of whatever kind, there seems no such neceffarv
or eflential tendency to dissolution. The human body iswturtOi
mortal ; the political, only so by accident: Internal difotdersor
dileafes may arise; external violence may attack or overpower:
but ilit- 1c taules, though always to be expe&cd, arc wholly inci
dental : the firft is precifcly of the fame nature as intemperance,
the second as ;he influence oi the external elements, on the hurtua
body. But there appears nothing in the internal conftrutfion of
any Hate, that tends inevitably to dissolution, analogous to thole
causes in the human-frame, which lead to certain death.
i his observation ieems confirmed by hiflory : where you fee
States, which, after being funk in corruption and debility, have
been brought back to the vigor of their firft principles : but you
must have recourse to Fables, for medicated old age, reftoredk>
inlancy or youth."
ON THE USE OF TEA.
I EA appears, from the best experiments, to produce feds
tive effe&s upon the nerves, diminishing their energy, and the
tone of the muicular fibres, and inducing a considerable degree,
both of fenfibihty and irritability, upon the whole system. It
alio piomotes the thinner evacuations very powerfully, and dimi
nishes the flejh and bulk of those who ule it. These effects tend
to impair the strength, and promote the other consequences of it
upon the nervous system above described. Hence the use of Tea
has been found very agreeable to the studious, especially those en
gaged in the compolition ol works ot genius and imagination;
and hence it is emphatically ftiled the poet's friend. But, on the
other hand, I believe that, at least with us, it has had the effeftof
enfeebling and enervating the bodies of our people, and of intro
ducing fevcral difordtrs tliuL avile from laxity and debility ; and
has-been still of worse consequence in making way for the use of
ipirituous liquors, which are olten taken to relieve that depression
which Tea occasions.
' From these effcfls <.f Tea, I cannot but think that it* con
sequences on the whole, have been highly prejudicial. It evi
dently injures the health,and, by the consequences last mentioned,
Lends to coriuptthe morals of the people ; and, in my opinion,
by the effeit it products upon the nerves, contributes to abate
courage vigour, and iteadinefs of mind; circumstances surely
ol themlelv.s fufficient to discredit its use, with those who are
engaged in any lite that requires exertion and refolu-
LlOll. "crhap.s, however, in the hot climates of China and India,
the ule of this liquor may not be so prejudicial as in the colder
ones: It may there tend to abate the weariness occasioned by
heat, and, as a grateful dilutent, promote the thinner evacuations;
which pollibly may, by causing it to pass off quickly, counteract,
111 ome mealurc, its bad effects. But the noxious qualities of th:s
plant are not unknown even in its native countries. The Japanese
are fubjett to the diabetes, and to consumptive disorders, re
iembling the atrophy, from its use; and the Chinese,' it is said,
are lp lenfible ol thele consequences, that they rarely drink green
tea at all, which is the moll remarkable for thele ctfe&s. Per
haps the diminutive stature, and cowardly, and at the fame time
acute and tricking disposition of the Chinese, may be owing, in no
small degree, to the use of this vegetable."
COFfEE. -A SCRAP.
WHEN Coffee was firft introduced among the Arabians, a
crup e arolc among the devout (perhaps from feeling its
Ukg quality] whether it was not lorbidden by the Alchoran,undels
ai ll cle of wine. A council of Mahometan Divines was called
upon the occasion, who luckily decreed for the legality of its ule.
ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE FEDERAL TREASURYA
[The Ohfc > nations contained in the fclloruing [peculation relate to Jo
f°u a a as to ] u My thtlr appeal ance in our paper, althoufi
pubhjhedyejfer day in the Daily AdverUjer.]
I believe it may fafely be laid down as a maxim, that in pV
poition as oblcurity and uncertainty prevail in the adminiftraticfl
0 a government, it will be more or less corrupt, weak and defpe
tic : But this observation is more particulaily applicable to the
management of the Finances of a State. To place our reliance, io
airs c this nature, on the lunate probity of any man or body w
men, would certainly argue a want of an accurate knowledge w
e "man character. It is pride, ambition, the dread of the loss
01 reputation, and a variety of other felfilh and interested motives,
w lit 1 impel the far greater part of mankind to a due perform
ce o t icir duty. Nay, thele motives not only deter us from
' oln ® wr ® n g, but they are, in fact, the melt powerful stimuli 1°