II
VOLUME ±X.I
DUFF"S MERCIATILE COLLINS
the rutpkurgh, — Wheetinsi, and
_Buriingtod ; lowa.
Foiinded 1810 and ine l orgoistel by, the
Legi.4sturer of Pennsylvania; with perpetual
charter. -
ISOAID DRUMM&
!kit: Jaxsinttctuasat, Pitsidentaf the United
-
-'
• , •
Wttztatt WlLltnts, •
Hon. 3losze
W.A.LT.AIt. ff. LOWBIN
lion. CELARLESNATI.OIt,
qPII. J. IL MoctiutzeD,
, recut:rt. "sr PITTIIIIIIOB.
President, P. Derr, (author of Duna Beek-
Iteepingi The Western Steamboat Accountant,
Bratessor of the Ptinciples and Pratttice Of
Double Entry Bookkeeping. j I
'A. T: lie mien, Professor or,,Mtinstnatices
and adjunct _Professors of BOokkeeping. -
W. H. Duff, Thos. McCarty, Thos. McCabe, T.
la. Jones and .L . C. Stockton, Associate Prof es-,
i301.3.0S (Bookkeeping'. '
. J. - D. Williams, (ibe best llnsiness and -Ge
l-lenient:it Penman in the United States,)-Pro
fossor of Pefithanshlp.
B.' ilatelf,• Est:, Professor of Mercantile
Law and Political Economy. .
Iton. Judge Shannon and lion J. Kirk
' patrick, special lecturer on Mercantile law.
nir. David Ferguson, - prolfessoa of Commer- .
vial Ethics. ,
, - - "sJohlt Murphy, TeacherFof the Art of Detect-
Ins Counteefeitand Altered Bank Notes:
F. L. Apel, Professor of P:encb and' German
Languages. .
E. Oudry, Professor of - M hatticid anti Arch
itectnal Drawing. • /
_''park Benjamin, of New- York„;and other.e
gnally distinguished literati, tentlemen from
eastern cities, will also lecrre before the Col
' lege•during winter. h o
Thistis believell,tol* the only Establishment
in the Uaion founded, orgal i zed and conducted
, by a practical Merchant, from - the most
matured experimental information, has brought
the Accountant's and Me.rchant's. education to
a degree of perfection never:. attained ::by the
best theoretical, teachers.. .1
Upwardi 0f4,000 Students hare been educe
ted for the Merchantile PrOfession ; and such
has been the recent increase,pr business, that
a large additional Hall and several udditionai
.
Teachers of Bookkeeping hav become necesia-
ry for the accemmodationaqhe Students.
Stu lents have access .to %library of 3,000
tolumes. • . I. 1
Forfull portienlars„ send'
'Mr. Williams' Penmanship" ,
44 pages—mailed free. •
— DIA) Bookkeeping, Ha
pp:-222 royal octavo. Prici
Gents.
Duff's Steamboat Bookk eying. Price $l,
postage 9 cents. • • • . •
fEb&-To ensure prompt answers, address` all
letterevespecting_ the College to the Principtl.
For Duffs Systems of Bookkeeping or blan s,
address am of the Pitts i nrgh Booksellers,'
or the PuMa,ters, Harper Br. - Brothers, Ne.w
?Perk ' ,
GEO. 'Mint &i Co.
*No: 59,. Market .84 'Pittsturgh,
'HAVING made their full purchases, are en
ableil tO offer to the public generally. the' lar
Vittratit4itneipbea6est assortment nf
Gar rir
I - 1 1 7w
-Dry - Goods,
In;the western market., Their stock compri
ses the -
BEST, •FA RICS; •
rrom the most celebnited manufacturere of
Fonds, suitable for
HO USEHOLD. PLURPOSES,
AND THE LATEST
•
Paris :FaOtions
9
of every descri
LADIES', DRE..
EMBROIDERIES,SiIA
' •
MANTILLA
N. IVliite•havinl•
e`a, the recent large
• • • "'
Auction
In.New'(irk, will offer at a •
•L--=:G It EA i 11 A K
Musdelaines, Silk-
French Nteri. ,
Besides lutring imported
'froth the first
European
" They are Able to offer Iris.
Plain Cambrics, Jaconets. t
,„PatettyFlatinels, Chintzes,
• 'lone - and Philadelphia pri.
wept 24 11346.
THE PIBILIrSBURGII
WATER CURE ESTARLISIIMENT.
f thWol- rem
TIIE present physician 4 thiaplacerespe,
fully informs the citizens of Beaver and
the adjoining counties, that he has lately open
ed and greatly improved tne above institution,
and carries on suceessfull4,„ the treatment, by
water. -
'. His lonrexperience initatbranch of healing
di eases uncoatrollable
1
art enables him to curie
I ; . under any other system. e would also notify
l i
' the*publie in the neighbor ood, that he practi
ces the Allofpathic audllomoepathic systenes,
and will attend to all calls as a physician and
surgeon 'through the neighborhood.
The subscriber being a regular educated
physician,and having practiced ' medicine arid
surgery uring nearly 20, years. is enabled to
respond Ito• all: reasonable espectatioas from
'-. those that place themselves Under his care.
I, ang. 27, 1858. ' C:BAEZ, 14. D.
... T. J. C11AND1X11............ ~..:0111. Z. ett.tsvis
D .i.
1 AC A •
Ihave this day associ ted with me : in the ,
Practice of Dental- Sn ry, Dr. M. E. Gil
lespie, (late of Crestline, hio;) und,er the name'
of Chandler .& Gillespie, here we are prepared
to perform all the operati ns of the profession,
in, the most approved ma er. Teeth from este
to full sets inserted in go ..
d or silver - plate.—
7
Also - fail dr partial setts n gutti perch& vase.
•
We are also prepared tf l insert teeth, in entire
porcelain base, which cannot fail to please .the
tnost fastidious, in beauty and cleanliness. we
invite attention to ours imens. . •
.
... •
-- Alrilinie i n to s'by note or book ac
count, will please call an
.. .settle, as I a m atm
ions to close my old boo - T.J. enuni.r.s.
Itochester, Aug. 6, 1 M.
if. r. MU S
c
DEALE
P. AP. B .
txclueliely,Jnow offer
. /Va . ,- 87; Wood St.
A !tele stock. of pest:
11 Chamber sal offi
rooms, telling and p
tearble imitations • Segel
- the line orpeper lungin
• • of window 'beaus to •
vocia . try dealers is di
nests offered to eish b
HATB„ Cam Hoots
94. 22. "
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ic . ..i.. -MrEllf.4l ND.- •- 1 apon;espaialkp . .titlr.. ar,. •Ild. 1,. •s•Twiss , .... •77 ; •
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.catilij ; pg.. ing. A-7.womaa does lOok ao , ' Ireadaiit . .y -- ''•
I W' -*
t otherittee Tilto DoiLlis well dresad,.. that , antil.arase ate, : Otrit4:' , : . ''• : '. -' .- Blis..
'ner 4 ia cmit/nne4i nati ' Velopmenti lave rendered it impala. ~ • 1 , -. , ....• • ..., . 1. ,
I - ililiti . ; ' . ', '.
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- " Pt -1t11... the 1 : 6 - Pti°11 : have 15 47016 d faat aajitig a :wont via,. .. ... -- • - ~. 4,-1. • ,
,„, or 6 4 3 e t, the eattioi.'..outlays tliat'ae now ii4e pit oil i iiiit.i - ,o' . .. '`:..ap o .
- ertion- , ;* f 01. , , f*11i.. ;We. Stdak : that . -wiqiv iv , ".." ::ditr"..- • .• •.' ••••.,
- Noal notig the frith" hiltatligitatilie; ', , .egglaidi . 1 ::' • ' - '.''';a'
dtairotwaarairazots tiro dodos woW,where o..' • . -', - ii:iti : . ',.' r i7, - 1,.111 ;'a
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Ad I :ite,. itacicart -ago. -.. It sow ; iilk. :.. , : j,. '.t, t i '' -1—
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4% naivenally :at IP dieeraft :.. ''. •.-. ,-,. , - ',1,7. 7 . :Pr . - "-: '.. • '
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- . , . • __, .
e *mania . did tat • ited.Bti . 1 --. •- 4, 4. - diettio''
'4ted , to adopt i 4 the ,plaiati. il.aot •P'.*
N-4.,
.eo-..that a inst thO. . lead,
' 'Tiolligh 8 to of. N - Toe
. ..ill hi ,• and hii : .V 7
If the Wilt': ii lif
BEAVER ARGUS.
ar, WEYINU.
TERms—osi Diratias and Fca4r
.thinve,
alums, newer; otheririse Tito Dot.t.as
win be ritraiipat No :paper discontinued, %Intl
all artearsges are stalled, except at the 'option
of the Editors.'. ' . -
Advertiseatinti inserted at the rate of 50 eta
,
per equare, t - of fifteen lines. for or* insertion-;.
each *Unguent insertion 25 ton* A liberal
discount made to - yearly advertisers. - F
porLetters and communications. by stall,
shall have promit attention. - I
Frim the Rif:hewed (Pa.) Enquirer, Mer:.6-'57
iniANOPATIOiI 111 ~IBBOIIEL
The • - sty 'of earieritiiiin' from any
e 4 .•
tion of the islavelealditig States breaks neon
the Southern ear; under .- the..eircurnsfitices
,that ourroand us, like an' alarm of mutiny
it Midnight, after the storm has subsided,
and while the amages done are being 'lap
idly repel ' . J But four Months ago, Our,
institutions and our Union' were trembling'
and tottot tering under the throes 'of the nicest
anxious, excited and painful political Con,
ttit, that has ever agitated this nation, and
the popular !mind is but- beginning tore
gain its equilibrium; the public pulse to
when sume its regular and healthful . tone, when
from Ilissouti, an old and unyielding citit ,
post of Slavery in the, West, comes the
murmer of a movetuout towards emancipa-
Ikon: With what prospect of ultimate suc
cess, Cr under what auspices, this suicidal
scheme is opened, we are not prepared to
sly. ,- .l3ut that there are ardent and .active
advocates on either side, and that the Ties
don, is to be definitively deoided, sooner - or
later, we think there, is little, doubt. The
Malcontents of Missouri may move heaVen
and earth in their efforts to sweep Slavery
from their soil, but they will be manfully
met at every potut and,fleeesly fought !up
on every inch ofjground, Ly the undaun't'ed
defenders of the opposition. 1
1 1
There was a time, when' not a few of !the
wisest and best men in Virginia concurred
in the opinion that negro Slavery was an
evil, and an incubus upon the interests of
the state, -when perhaps, ic:possible, some
immediate means.of emancipation would
•have been eagerly embraced by some of
the ablest spititi in our councils. Anti it
may be, indeed,that the opposite extreme
of public sentiment onithe subject, • which
now prevails with every class and craft of
our people, is, attribtitible more to the in
vestigations and disquisitions induced by
the doubts and fears of that' day, than to
every-other cause combined'. The institu
tion of Slavery somi ?Milk-, deep ioto ouriso
vial system ; once eminaced,and inetorpt,ra
tell among the elementa of our -organization
its iaitueuens At iteca.i i r 6 TiLiis" 47 4 '
I - r •
thing it touched,,and carrying !cal or. Woe
wherever it went, its agencies either imme-1
diately or mediately,4ramified through ev
ery branch of buttiuel'and principle of leg
=islation ; every .I.srein ! and artery in !the \
body ; poli.ic were imbued with it. And '
being ,deemed an 'evil in. ahstraell by
those honest and able] but misgnided men,
to whom we hare alluded, it devil red up
on them otily to prove their premises, and
the catalogue of incidental ills would have i
been incskoilable, When at an end sallesi- 1
rabic , Would- have readily suocested, the '
meane; 'and onthe other hand, it bec=ame
incumbent upon their opposing cotempors
fies to disprove 'their theory, explode their
false philosophy, and disabuse the public.
mind of the emancipation taint with which . I
it was beginning to be affected, or to (give
up their _ground, and enter into a crusade
against the sinaand iniquities, the demor
alizing and impoverishing effects of the in
stitution of Slovery Iniestigatien on
both tides ensued,! and the result is that
negro - Slaverylis now , considered in the
Southern States,,nnt "a mi:dew, a blight
and a scourge," •but a 'social, political, and
moral , blessing,'s . special boon ,f Provi
dence; both'to the African and Anglo . Sa
xon races. Subjecti so inscrutable in their
origin, so profound in their philosophy, so
intricate in their relations; and so compre
hensive in their influences, demand a thor
ough, understanding in every form and
phase, and accurate apprehension in every
bearing and effect. . And we eattent but be-
[ lieve that the emancipation movement in
I Missouri, howeter it may be abetted by the
outside ' influences of Abolitionism in tae
North, after it haslbeen deliberately dis
iussed and analysed and essayed;will even
'tuate in a ls more eireouriging 'conviction on
the pars of that people,l of the indispensi-
Laity of -the institution, imam' the enjoy
! ment, of which in *union with ths.other.
slaveholding' States of the Confederacy, it
is'growing greater, and Stronger, andiiCh=
'er l and happier, with every year that elap
ses.' ' - •
So far as security in. the Union.,is con
cerned, - it matters j little to Virgin* or
bouts Carolibi, - Alit-betna or Mississippi,
or any other of the Southern States, Wheth-
Missouri emancipates or . not. If the Con-
Istitntion is to be maintained intact, Sta.
very might be abolished in every Steele
the Union but onr, and-that one would be
respected in its rights aaif the institution
extended. over the civilized world ; if the
Constitution is to bo encroaled upen, and
toe South'must appeal . fbs.protectian • to
the physical force of knumericittlusjority,
the dissolution of the - Union hiesomes a
questiba of time, to be determrhyench
a division in the councils of ir country,
as to preponderate in favor of the - oppo
nents of our inatitutiensi, . • j .
, -L.,,-.•.
I 'lt remainafor the 4shninisfrition inaug
uratedyestenley,- together with a. De
5
errant 'Congress, to test' the sense n the,
people and the strength of the U . , 'on, by
bringing back the Constitution its prim
itive PoritYlJ I , •
And if, in 1860,. Abolitionis m bi's ti ll
unchecked in its ra mpant ravings agaiiiet•
the rights of the Sou t hern people the awful
alternative oi; ' 'on must inevitably en
sue. - [. ' . .- - I-
vi • •
Missouri y emancipate or,not, tt, will
y
b.-the , .}e titer Sac* is the wed. ~.
r for specituens of
and a circular. of
r' new edition,
3.50, postage 21
xlOll Oa f
S GOODS,
CLOAKS,
, ke,
personally attend
i
. Sales.
mall Ocftnee, some
ALAS IN
Cisiimbres,
I°es,.
'
imply -, this season
Houses.
Linens. Barred and
ainsooks, Welsn : and
ad Calicoes at blew
•
,es. 4 •
MI
LL CO.,
NGING S
it, their 'Store Room
'Pittsburgh, Pa.,
MA dining 'room.
piper, also assembly
decorations, wood and
• er with' everything in
Also a large stock
hick the attention of
ted. - Special lidues
ere. sept 24 IS*
i
a Shoes, st
Yam I Wiwi,
PIUSTip AID TOIIIIII
=
IZCMVACIAKOZ
This lin had subjeat tar us to towels
,pon; especially with words of fault-end.
ing. A-woman dots balk so wettaly when
well droned, that, until , some startling doe
velopmenta haverendored itimparative,nre
bare refrained from saying a word solnst
the extravagant outlays that'ae sow seige
'for tamale irmak We thinkthat -Mr - 1W
not ..`otreb* the bitilt" in stating nettling
drewurvinruiroosts two dollars mow time
'it did ttoa years ago. his Dowell'
everywhere : or an eirusive fabrics of Woof;
avid cottents universally 'At s diatianit.
The tamp girl stands in siit behind tie
manner, and As_ll_l9.lltow
....., t i tle whims - We lianas did tett
years ege t the Utter is obliged‘to adopt it
fabric of a' ore costly chevalier, so-..that
whcre•the d ollar silk irasinee ood k enough,
thelleavy three- dollar rewire antegue will
alone suffice: Ten to tweets &Akre is now
paid . for a kat where, five and' ten dollars
were once considered. extravagant. It is 1
thin in. every department of the female
dress. This tendency' to over dress was ,
once considered an American vulgarity,
but there; is no lack of extravaence
abroad now, and societies Lave already,
been formed in BurOpeas continental cities
for its suppression. 1 . 1
'The singulsi fact, his been pretty widely
pphlistied,l that, in Boston, during the past
Sear;the., Dumper or‘marriages bag be e n i
-•,, , 1 _ .
reduced 2e. ix: eeut,frQm th 4 previous year. I
Now, we have nut the slightest doubt that - 17,
this fact grows out of Abe eonsciicins itiabil- ai
sty of ytting ,nierr, starting in, life and di
business to Support i wives in a manner con- c
sonant with, the present requisitions of so- gi
Vial life._ GirlS must keep house, and keep• w
it in style 'or they must board in a costly S
boarding-honse, and dresa in a manner er
corresponding to that entertained by the N
daughters of the Millienaire: : There is no 1:
more of the- occupation ot __the, humble 1'
room at first—no mere of flit:, self-denial
by which the wife beComes the sharer of
the younk busband's,reiverty and struggles
—no-more.of that adaptation of life to cir- I
cumstances; hy- which the wife grows rep
with the husband into fortune—but Mar
i 'lnge must now bring at once all the ad- of
vantage," and all the show of fortune, or it fc
may not bOndulged in.
_ln otherlwords, of
marriage has hecome a costly and rare lux- pl
ury,,to be ' bad only l fir 'money, and not in
1 that natural and Unrestricted connection of
'accordant hives and Wye* which is necessa. ,
ry to-the happiness of bath man and woman
and essential tolthe 'purity soc iety- and progress of
4
sety. 1 1 ~ -
fThis pate's seriees face ppon the wk.,
ter; a Very serious face-. l *- -4 * -- i s ii, beet, a
e ' er ' uaiiii -- :Ng `14:: h.. 7 ...ny a
. . I
made up hii mind that he cannot afford to at
be married, and that he must lay [aside at
all hope, Of' it, for jeers, at, least, is in a sh
dangerous lairsition, He has lest. sortie of ye
the most powerful restraints from 1 vice
that have ever influenced• him; and 'while r
he adopts a 'course that unfits him frir the e
pure pleasures of home and connubial life, 4
' the "ungatbered roses" still cling to the,
"ancestral 'tree," mud - wither where they i
I 1
1 haaig. However much men' may feel thej
cost of woman's extravagance, and how=
ever - little :bey can afford it, . woman
Seas it Ili' i l l more ,. Ind can afford It still
_
legis ilie general idea of living is altagother i
above the mark of Christian prudence, or t
Isound social policy. The prudent re4uotion f
of the_ cost of, living indirectly increases II
the prosperity of „ business. - Men com
plain that' they,- cannot make tnondir, and r
yet they earn -money enough. Five bun.
dreg dollars saved ,from an annual' ez&II-
[ I diture of fisooo is a snug little sum r i to lay
up every year, and there are few families
expending' this sum, .who would not be
just as well off, nay, better off, pth the
reduetionl Ws. would by no me dns ex
-etnpt men from the 'charge otexttavaganoia
but wo del not think their-expenses have
been iocreased in • the degree of those .of
their wiyes and daughters. It is hard de
nying woman asiythiner but if-they ire true
*amen, they will ask nothing unreasonable,
-Springfield Rep.' 1!
DECISION OF THE SUPREHE COURT
IN THE CASE OF DEED SC I OTT.
i
The iMportant case,. involving lineations
in respeCt to the . citizenship it col.ed per
ions and the constitutionality of tit Ordi
nance of, 1787 and of the Missour Com
"psornisC,t' was decided in' the Supremo
COurt, Friday, Mora sth. Chiefi Jastiee
Taney read an elaborate opinion, elbracing
the vieWs of the majority of the Court=
Justieeslaney, Wept - 6, Daniel, Grier, and
Campbell. Judge . Citron delivered. an
opinion of his oirn,,,differing somewhat from
that of the majority in regard to the power
of the Federal Government over Territo ,
ries; Judge Nelson also submitted his views
in which the question conderning-the val
idity of; the Ordinance of 1787 and the
Mis-ouri ComproMise. was 'evaded. The
formic agreed with, the majority in regard
to the , alleged nrcoonstijutionality of the
Missouri ComproMist; / ind-the latter held .
that every State b
,atr absolute right to
determine the atus -of its own. 'Dhabi,.
Watt's; slat, a ording . tO the lam; or,Mist
sonri, at d tired by its Supreme Court,- a
slaie it: , ' hat State, la4ing been carried
to a jree State, and having then been re
turnedito Missouri, after a temporary so
'pure in Illinois, Was not - discharged from
his senile condition. I
The; following day, very able opinioni
were sibmitted oy J WO McLean and Ctie
tis,
_disseSting from the opinierns. of a Ma,
jority of the Court, and sustaining sierra
which, until lately, have prevailed throughs
out:the Country, and influenced the legisla
tion of Congress.. - ' • . 1
- - '
1 .. T he Cate. , 1
following brief statement, quoted
the adarinitge iNuthest of litilaygo#-
111
frpm
..eurt. , • 1 • '.l.
1
-... denied, ky ph:sin abate:
-_,Jodi on of 'ha Circuit Court
of *le Unit 4S es, oh the ground that
the plaintiff' a ego of African' descent;
hitgancestori w of pure ,' African ; blood,
and were h _ !into =this c*.t3' and
e.i.
sol ae slaves, an I therefore the". plaintiff
'is of &citizen o the , State Of Misson;i."
To thus plea-Itte plaatiff demurred, and
th court sustained tie demurrer. ,1 •
'' ' hereupon, the defendantplesded over,
an justified' the tre*ass on the ground
thattheplaintiff and bis _family were hie
l i
tit o Slaves; and a statement of facts,
tgr to by both parties, was read ; in evt. ,
le ce, as follows: • ,- - '
n the year 1834, ale • plaintiff was a ne
, slave belonging : to Dr. Emerson, who
ra a'slirgoo* in the army of the; United
361 .1 In this year (1834) • said Dr. )m
-,rs n took the -,plantiff troth tfie State of
di . uri to the military post it nook Is
an , in the State
n il
. of Illinois; 'and. hold
hi there as a slaire. • • until the month of
Ap il, 'sp.- At,the time lastlmentioned,
said Dr.j Emerson removed theplantiff from
said. Military, post at Fort Snelling, situa
ted on the west'.bank of the :Misaissippi
riv r, in ' ;the territory known as ' Upper
1,0 ielatia, acquired by, the United States
c trance, and situate north ofibc latitude
6 dg 30 porth,' and north
l ot the State
3lismuri. Said Dr. Emerson held the
iantiff i i in slaverY at said - Fort Snelling,
tntil the year 1838..
' In- the year 1835 r Harriet ' (whici.is na
med in the •second count of the !plaintiff's
declaration) was tbo slave of Major iTaliu:
ferrh,,who belonged to the army 'of the
Tngted State In that year, (1835,) said
stthkirt#o# 4 140 1 1 r itar_. , 61 . 1 0111 - iik
eli ered es ifii*olulhie :at FnOlSsieffitt,
Et said Dr. Damien, ' r hereinbefore miaow.
ad said Dr. Emers'on held said Harriet in
la eryai l l said Fort. /duelling until the
ear 1638.`i , -
"Lu the'yearlB36,.the platttiff and saii
raniet4 at said,Fort .Snelling, with the
.:onsenti of said Dr. Emerson, who then .
.clai n
ato be' their master' and owner, in
ter arried, and took each other for hus
band and wife. Eliza and Lizze, named
in the third count af , the .plaintiff'm deeldr
mil:: are; the frpit of that marriage.- 1
Eli is about fourteen years old, and was
boric on hoard the steamboat Gipsey, north
of the northline of the State of Missouri,
and upon the Mississippi rivet; Lizzie is
about seven years old, and wail born in the
State ofMissouri, at the military poet cal
ed Jefferson Barracks. ! 1 .1 4
"In ' ,ihe yeat ins, raid Dr. Emerson
removed the plantiff and said Harriet, and
their said, daughter Eliza, from said Fort,
6nelling.tl the State of Missouri, where
they havetever eine° tosided. 1. /' 1 ,-
rßefoie the cornmencement•of this snit,
said .. Dr. ',Emerson ,sold and conveyed the.
plaintiff, '''said Harriet, Eliza. and Lizie,
to I the l defendant, ,as slaves, and the
defendant, claimed to bold etch sof them as
oli'vesi; ; 1 '
j'At ibe 7 time Mentioned i the plain'tiff's , •
d laration, the defeidant c aiming to be
o
I I
ner l l as iiforesaid, , laid his bands upon said
p intiff,; Harriet, Ejiz,i; l an Lizzie, and
i , . ,
pnsone them; , sing: in this respect,
might 11W
f ly do if they were of right his slaves at
itch times.' ' *, , 1
i"Oa these facti,l courkinstructed the
jury to find for the endants The plain
1,
ti excepted to the i tractions . he, jury
f zul a verdiet'for efendant, and Judg,
meat was rendered a 'rdipgly, on the 16th
May,,'' 1 8 54 On ho 1603 a writ of
error issued, and t case was brought up '
to the *ctber fill of 1654
_of Ibis
court." !
i 1 i • 1 1
--:- FridaY • -erck b, 1851, Chief Justice,
Taney delivered tl opinion of the Court,
'!reversing the j gment'of the- ' Circuit
il ail fi r liiie ;;lf ou lt ri he , Tifonritt -- c; 6 tates f
want
ofor the
mi lst et r i
o i c n t
that Court,' an remanding the canoe,
ith directions dismisi Itho- - case, for
ant of.juriadieti. in; hat Cour t."
I 14 this oPini , , we" learp; Justices
•WaYne,.Daniel, G et, and Campbell, con
curred, nonstitutin , with the Chief Justice
the majo,rity 0 Court. ' ll
anstices McLean, Catron, Nelson, and
Curtis, concurred in the opinion that the
Circuit 'Court hid jurisdiction of the
Case; t- t •; - !
One PointALme Decided •
—Misooneeption
r 1 _ ---' Directed.
I
.' The statement has already ions out to
the lrublie, - ithit the Supreme pourt deed--
dea r th. questionsr concerning the validity
of .the Ordiiiiinisitif .178 r, the Power - of
Congress over, Teriitory, the Powers of Ter
awls! Governments, and the constitution
ally of the,'ldiimuri Cumpronisek but' this ,
iis A_ pave misomineption. The - single de -1.
riehion made , by the . Court was,ithat the !
riChnuit Conti dismiss ,;the Case. This
,d ioeision, ageordn g; to its wa 4rules, pry
'
.cluded.it frorii deciding any question aria,'
MI
, lantdf,
•of the &eta of the
:r I
lo t it7 Ike right
' end 111 wife
iii!end intee.
vast the 0-
in` the •Cii
-47,1 Mhooori,
11414134'bn
court I t the
-4 - at the
jug
u , the merits, of the
. etise, inasmuch
ea it f, to entertain it. If I thought
slid Jl i st r ice Catron, this 'Con t w - '
" 6 kW lotion of dills I r was
with
further, ini - I hold ihati 4 °3 0 8 i; 1 slionl4
g 6
no
rwer to decide tfie,, , urt 4ring no
in e
n i t 5
miss_
I y t
i :
LI w n
v l„ l i s f l s de further n
i n i jurisdiction; : P t
i t.
lo
Sot,g h
chits ithan'tc.a
ia iedlt i 4Ciri te d h litief '
ni gli g t o :' v dte ,
. c i he a l h e a ll a u
merit
l r ti d j t i a e - I;
; is soc lu elidh ri:l i i tell e p io_ Eds n 3dm to nino d et e6 t id eo e lead t se he 6l, m o e: oo::as will
Justice purtis too a similar view an d
lowrimiee.!lr ifir• on erstood him Weee 1
i
otwoCtlitHoue ..and a merits, ee'lleersiPle
npon, theii. And torch we understand, is
the position of Justice - McLeim.. . ,
Itfollovrs, that the editdrial statement
in-thelillo‘ional IntelligenCer, below, as
suming that several important point s have .
ci s
been decided, is entV.ely eri+eous
"The opinion of tie Supreme: erroneou s
in
the case of; Siott es- SanfOti, was deliv
ered yesterlay by Chief Justice Tsney l It
, , , • „
fhlland
was a, e.sh4ate statement of the
,
views of the Cour t ? and decides the follow.
ing all
i N i gne lta s il , t w p h °l th ts e; I slaves l
or free—
that is,, men of the fricanllraceare not
citizens if the Unite States by the Con
f
stitution. I .1 . . ,
1 "2. The Ordinan b of 1487 had ino in
de
(i f e ce
(t u t s il t i ld t ue n k'el : it i l const it utional ,a n od i subsequentl y'
c t l id - ';: I f o ao S .. o : p p e t° r i li a i tnel l egal
t i e ' h t fe .:
the
o lf to
NorthwestedferfreeTdoer
itonVrycitieeneg
sitip ro w es it n li n in t
~
citizen by the Constitution. I
"3. The provsionl of the act„,of 13T,0,
commonly. called the Missouri Compromise,
in So faV as it tindertitok to exclude negro
Slavery, front snd communicate freedom
and citizenship to mimes - 0 the northern
part of the Louisiana cession, was A legis
lative act exceeding the powervaf Con..
grim, and void and of no'legal effect to
that end."l , I
' "In deenling these
preme Cdtirt determi
incidental !points: t l •1, - „,
"1. Tifr expressio "territory and other
property' of the Union bilthe Constitn
tion appli it in terms only to such territory
as, the U i hitt possessed at the time of the
adeptitni 3f the Cots' tution.l
"2.; The rights of itizenslof the Uni ted
_
States einrgrating int any Federal ferrite
i
ry, and thei power of the Fi. eral. Govern.
meat there, . depend o the eneral provis.
ions of ti4l, ' C onstitution , w kit defines in
this, as, i all other r spect s lthe powers of
don ens 1 HI , ,
„en iii
, i
. 1 4 - 1 ro oes no possess power
than such, 11 - the Nst .i. relative to the
it esnitotr a Constitutiouallype * **te any
such powersAo a Teiritorta, - Goveroment
organizedliby it under the C onstitution.
,"4 The legal con dition of a slave in
the Stste of iltlissouri is cot affected by
1 f
the temporary b trojoUrn orrsuch `slave in
any, other State ; but on his return his
1
conditiotOtill depends on the laws of Mis
souri " ' l'
The siple quest ion decided, was a pea
-1• i •
; ion of Art:diction • the elaborate argu
ment read by Chief .31ustice, ITanoy, merely
presented the opinions of the majority of
the C6urt on * quest ons not 'before . the
Court'' for decisions' ) and ' t he decision of
which was precluded by thedeclaration of
k want ot jurisdictio in, he premises.—
far, then,
So as the points name d are con
cerned, theT are Still tidecied
-b 4 -y CIA Judicial
I r - Authrity, th et indivi dual pinion of us.
tice Taney having no miire authori in
settlingl'What is law than i ,, the indivi al
opinions`of Justice ItieLean.;
The de.cision of the Court reversing the
judgment lof (h - e'Circit Court for want of
juriadietinp is obligatory, because a majori
ty of the! ustices concurred iu it=but how
many con c urred in, all the ',Thins expres
sed by the Chief Justice, i r in • the reason
ing by attempted to support
them, , d
Ix ! ,
not 'lope r. , Judge Grier con
curred on l y in,aome f the, ositionsi taken:
JudgeCa ronl as we shall! ee, differed on
importani, points t he
e oth i Judges of the
majority,, we learn, hav e spared seperate
opinions. - The Ja i I ligeter,ther i efore, is
again in l eFror, in saying withoutqualifica
tion, i ! that "the Con lusionS stated by the
Chief J,dice were conenrred in by six
Justices of the Coo " 1 I ,
i i .
With these preli m inary i lexplanations, to
which we Solicit the attention of our bretli:
ren of the
, Presz, so that they may not gave
undue importance .: and weight to mere ex
preening" !of opinion by embers of the
vl y
'TANSY
p t
h a u r e v ni d ii . ;;I " 4 1 1 c t u :
izr o f ? t a b
v e
T ; l i c e z w :ittim . i . tt r na ,by
1. In regard to citizenship, the Chief
Justice held that'd groes I and' &wooden . ts
of Degrees in
1 1
a d e e n r s
t o h f e
'nation.' That "uuhapp race" was uni
corn unity, itssnoCtiac:etid
on or un
undev tht e A r r ° ti lt o ibt l i e imil s l o
versallY regarded tinoughout the civilized
Constitution at t o-lame of its for
lorW as property, sub;cct.to be_•botight
Rua r property,
not constituting
~,.
t,, of society. it was in
c f o n e t 13 ro
federation
ar et i
an it
view ing sentiment, that she
Con ~_,
tulgame. the Declaration
gt.
Of Indet InoutitA, "we hold these
truths to bo self, vident,l that all men are
created' equal ;t it they a endowed by
their Creatorwith 'cert a in inalienable
rights," ke....-.1 d laration of designed to
ansprveiled vrhen the netituti ti wss forme d,
iy ly egr to n t d h ed at , d t g 11.1 happy
iii py mi
o r
e ce e ' n ' t v a n t i p ve re. r.
the phraseology i the P r . mbleof w hich
include a class of pers ns universe y
i n , o we t tbe people o the United Sfateer" de
recognised •as subjects sif pony. True,
character by ,--vriticti it was universally reel
piss& The tamper of the Deelarstir
t t li ti e a
re v
a.. 7 en a u 'but e w ito f t rw enotgh; to l bei°
tba llg ule g tit
,
'the
Isßoni
1' that State,
izeil *of the
purchased,
l i c ch
enneneediest
oir44. the Su
the,P)llowing
I mam
!ed , al
Mit
,• • t
and of the Constitution a tbe. Ueited
Staten .must , be ;interpreted in the light of
the -- Public Opinion "i,of that-iity, the fra
mers of both inztratnenta sharing them
selves in that OPihion. •
This, bra ;brief Statement ot ,
the nation
i .
ng-g) by which the ,learbed judge reach
ed the conclnaWn that negrosis 'and their
descendants Jere,' not. Citizens of tie Politi
es! Community; knOwn as lithe 'United
States:
„Atkihe ChicfJusticie. anon Made it plain
to every•liatencr that,l I; his opinion Con
grd
tit as no power• ore:. the :Territerier 4.
an; ' - • • • '
otirpris .-taln - • , .- ,: .7 -8 - vea l .e
-never referred toltheniiiii l ii"iliebroity lan
gimps ,of the Constitution, int always char
acterlieit them broadly, is
,piepeily sub
jests of me!ehandise. ::This position being
taken, is if it bird never, been contested,
and was not a question ~for argument, tuol
being chug:in:lY reiteratettitil every form
of phraseology, the effeot upon :the mind .of '
those not careful 'to scrutinize , mere.as
sutnptions, must hare been to I bring them
to the stand/point of the Judge, and there
by amstrain tnem to concurrence in til
viewslben tiatiwilly orieing., I ,/ , '
2. There being a foregone • eotiehision
against the prof Congress' to prohibit
SlaVery in Territories, it becathe neCessery.,
to meet the argument founded upon - dial
passage of t
,e Ordinance of 1787. - The!
States, under the Articled ofConfederation ,
' il ' ' - a pe n den t ;ifa c .I
were severe y- sovereign ,an d
associated rather by a League / than by al
Common Government. They were repre
/
sented as States alone , in Congress. Vir-.1
girlie ownd / clihe I Northwest Territory, 'and
for the purpose ) of defraying the expenses r
growing out 'of the ceded sti Revolution,v
-.'
eretwity . an& ploPrietorship to the United
States, All/ the (rights. she hid; vested in l,
the States i n _Congress assembled, and .as
she had ,the/ right to prohibit Slavery in
in said Territory, that right- was tranater
rad with': the rest. The States, in their
sovereign capacity, passed the - Ordinance
of 1787, and
_it !was' valid until tb l e ad*
don of the neWPonstitutintirand the advent
of the new Gov,arnment., The,. framers of
the new Cotititutien, with. exPress -refer
ence to . Aid Territory, inserted a' provision
enabling Chogress to i prOvidelall .needful I
rules and regulations for the disposition of!
the'territory of tbe United States or other
proierty. This . (provision applied alone to
the, Northwest:Territory , does not apply to
, -
any other since acqu ired, and ;canntint be
construed into a grant of power to Congress I
to legislate -in, any other . Besides, the
grant was limited to,' such regulations as
l might be necessary to, the .disposition of the
'lauds of the I territory 'in such a year-5..-k•-•-
b""fr s b - ' ,gide their'g --- " -----:—.
y e evereign, s in°rump
capacity, he first • cnitgrgs, • containing .
Ilepresenttives..from':l those States, simply
recognizedithe Ordinance. I ' 1 „I
This, as Ini early l as We can givet it,: was lbe•
Substance of the statement of the Chief Justice
'on this point. • The praotical' inference WILS,
that the aciion'of Congress was merely eicep-
• 1,• . • - 1
tiontiVand !cannot be (Noted as .
.a preceJent for
a similar eXercise of pOwer in any. other, case.
3; Whatdver power Congress has to 'require
' Territory, or ,
, to prnvide' It 'temporary gover n= Ment, was, incident to the power expressly
granted in the Constitution to admit newBtates.
It cannot( acquire ;-Terri tory for the purpose of
governing it; as a colony; or a lr/wince—the
purpose is,iand Must be, to form it into State,
and only such legislation is authorized as is
necessary to that end. 1 • ~
s, It may govern through a council, or by as
thorizitig tite People to govenathemselves—hut
it its not absolute; nor'can it confer khsolute
..wer. iti cannot create an establishment ot
religion, pass laws abitdging the freedom of
'speech or 4f the• press, Or the right of,the peo
ple peaceably to assemble and petition for a
redress of. giievancesi-nor can it violate the
rights of property. The citixeni•the Cons i
tion, the IGoveratnent,* go,. into . the te rn
together—lthe'citaien; with all his rights of
son and piroPerty.! the Constitution, spreal
its guaranties,iprer them, the Federal do
ment;_bo4l to enforce them for their p
tion. . L I I I ,
.. f ,
The rig h t of property in slave's is ecivalf
, •
cured by the Constitution with other. prop
rights. Dfo mater whit it;ay be consid
by the LaW l
'of Nations; that, Law cannot c
e
between tie' citizen holding - slivesend:the
cral Conskitution; which recognizes and
anties tn aa property , And if the e
! F .
I • - i f
Government is restrained from legislating
i
r
to violate it, mucitiTerritorial •
more any 1
Territory becomes a State, the_right offri,
ty in slaves therein cannot be interfered 1
4. It follows that the tawlof Cangress !
If:biting Slave*orth of S 6 dig._3o inin., l
monly known — asthe Missouri Compromise
null and void, because it 'transcended the!
ere 'of • ConireM, and - Was a violation o
rights of property. :I . ~..
1. ggltAltitil.
[
We need hardly s'ay that the opinions of!
, Justice Taney sanction all the dogmas pu
1 .. 1 . ,
at any time by ,the most extreme advoca
.Slavery. They recoghise Slavery . as cu,
Freedom as sabordinate7tilavery as a f
mental Law of, the _Union—propertz in '
fundamental Idea of the Constitution.
They deny the PoWer of Congress, eh
I dely the powor of any . Territorial Gove
to • interfere With the right 'to hold slim
, . _
Territory, while the y ; !awe: the duty ,
Federal Government , ' to interpose again
i ; 1 1
obstruction sought . , be thrown in the
tci
its exercise. I r
!Thank God, i these opinioare not ye
and, let us-hope, fur the ho nor, and' pea
well-being of the Country, that they ma
become' Law.! As it is, theirs rereneel
Chief instice,flOth It ler endinellneni,' i,
leved, of s majority of the Beach, has
blow , to the !reputation of the C
~
which it nolo, reetruer sos Tong as it e
, _.1.',A13.14:15.i1.E1) 18 8.
!eosin its - now - cone . tate& t legal niitid .
the'antty will nOt.aintent ea novel and mon
stroul. doctrines, ngsustahted.:by argunient or
authority ; and the*ecille,ifill',revolt at views
repugnant to littituknity and the -tient peutcl4
pies of Christian cifilisation. , •, ; •
Jtrotta Niemn.
•Jutir - &loon
.40 Nelson neit reed s
_Paper, in which
he discussed the question, whether Deed Stott
•
Was exempt from Slavery id Nissoari„ 'after
hitting beep returned froeslinofe, whither be
had ' been oirried by his 10/11 . 4 4! skiltaild
the, negative,: on Om irminethet
the richt ierf
itleitsei.'" - Irsit Inc leglislatldiitiflllinols;Pree.' l • : 4 .' 1
Stott . sojoniAg:in that State, id - igbi _hedonist . ''.-.-,
-4 ,
Ir• - i
free—bit, it returned to Mus'oarl i the servile 4.-......,Li
condition might--4galn attach to• him, withon t ' " '
detriment: to the rights of Illinois-41%41m I ntl
vies slot bound within' her limitsito give force to
the - Laws of 11114ole orating ,on his status.—
Suchwas the'd'eeision of the Srifieme Court of
, •
, '.M issouri, and that decision was bi ndings:..-
i -
The qieitionrelatine to the - IClMltaintie of
17 1 87, the fewer of Congress; over Territory, 6
and the Missouri Compromiser 'Tore not,_discus-
st 4 by the Judg e , and no opieion. Wll Teipres
-1 •. II , - ..
sed concerning I them. iBo far. ache, ,a .' ndge - 7, ~
from the State of• New Yorkl was ; coneernes, . 1
the viearc --ori those subjects iirhich prevail in 1
I the freetiates, and which have - detennisieft; to„
1. 1 , •
l a% treat extent, the legislation of-the country
imiUce 1787, was leftwitheat wor d ; iuoxposi
\
1 tiou ar Auppo!t. ~ . . : :
Juice CATROn. • .
.Judge Catron followed with an Cpihion, In
1 which he announced his entire concurrence
judge Nelson in relation to the poilicutar
.poiUt, , dikussed by him. ~ t -\ \ .
- ,
1 . He then examined the pueetion,: did Dreg
'• Seett s his wifeend child, acquire . their freedom
byl enjoura in the territory north of 36 deg. 30
inia., in virtue of the Missouri Conaprotaise?--.
lie argued the negative, discussing in the cetu.se
of his 4ament ' the whole Aficition of the
I -
power OfilCongress over Territory: f lie held,
,
that the Ordinance of 1787--prehibiting S mvery, '
was within the power of the ',S7tata enacting , it
that, by ;the Yederat Constitution, it became • '
binding on the new Gover6ment, like the other
engagemeais of the Confederation-Lthat the - .
third section of the fourth-tirtieleOf the Coristi-
tution,'grantilig power to Congress to mike all - 7'.
.needful rtilti'and regulatiani ieSpecting ter:lt:
,
tory, Stc..;llll not apply aloilito the territory • '•
northwest! of; the Qhio, bArinvests Congress
with powir to govern. the - TerritOries'At the.
;United Stites: it is dne to myself; he iiimark". H .
...
ek.to say that it is asking much - or audge i s
i/
who has for nearly twenty years bees zeic . l- l: -
tiiit t tikikkil i de n gY - tibiArlrilf ---,-
directwhere the; i
egisTatieTti — OrMtigreitria - s -- ; -----. '
the only role, to agree,that he, had beetrall 'tie
while acting in mistake, and as an us urper.
• This remark doubtless Was suggeeto ,by the ,
novel! assumption of Chief 'Justice Taney, that , ',
the third Section of the fOurth . article of the ' '
Constitution Lad . no application to any other
than Northwest Terr i t o ry . •• ,
•
,
The :ledge proceeded toi-say that the on ly'.:
question then , was, as to the limit of the power , . • .
to govern Territories.. The Ordinance restrain.
oit in relation to - the Northwest ' TerrAcry, so
that Cong*ss Could not force Slarery• therein.
The deeds of ' cession, of - North Carol na and •
Georgia, in 1790 rind 1802, previding against • .
the prohibition ofillivery in;•tbe. Territories es..' . -
did by thein, restrained Congress front attempt-
... •
ing to force:Shivery our of the:it . . ' The Trekty -'
of 1803 wh i r France, whereby-we acquired'Lit
iidaita ierrftory, bindingitie .. - iNka ?States to
piptect the liberty, property4and religion cif
the inhabitants—some of their al
. most valuable . , •
,
property being Slaves—limited .t titti power of;• ~
I Congress, precluding it frem the right to abol
ishlilavery anywhere , in said Territory. '. .:
roll this reason, - the act of &ogress prJhibitiug.2_": 2
Slavery in that part of Territory lying north of '
36 degrees and 31 L . .) Minute s war" in violation •of -- ,
toraty - obligatione, and there:ere null and ti Id.: ,
But, not confining himself to this view, he went
on to argue that, by tbe - CopititutiOn, thellave.... ,
bolder Las the right to carry his slaves into soy":
Territory orthe United State. 4,. and to be prri.',
tested therein., lie sums up ae,follows : -3: :
My opinion' is that the thirdi article of the '
treaty of_lBo3, ceding. Lonisianalo the ' United ' -
States, stands protected by the Constitution, L ,.
and cannot he repettled bjtongress:
And; secondly,"that the act of 1320, known
as the Missouri,Compromise,' violates . the most
leading feature ; iiithe !Coilatlt.iltiOtl-.41 feature.
on:which the Union. epends, and which' secures
to the respective Statee sad: their_Oitiseni...aft
-mix
'tory
per.
ing
ern
: tee-
rty
l ered
ome
ed-
Mil
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601 r"
,per-
With:
t
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, for these rnaeotis, - j , i - bold the ee mpriatee
ILA' to ILiT! , b'een voitiptpttid,-eonsielnently; ithit
r
the plaintiff, Scott, can ► claim n benefit under
Ras
JOSTICSi McLitss Ain Curls
The next day, (sat'uidayi) dissenting Orli=
ions'were read by Jualeea McLean and,
Cart
the only two members of the Benoit now main
taining the Law of P • ritedout:
sitioni of the Principles of the Constituilon;i 2 of
the Law of Nations, and. the Comuni4jr,
.bearing upon Oilman Bights, they. ststofinni
ra -,
Ciu the subject of citisenshipoi :
Judge Curtis left nothing to Ml„'l,7
Ttie misconceptions and inip-stitemts or'.
Chief justice-Tane4ilue. inanfeeClln'ihe
light or the, historicia faitslis-preSirtnied.f We
shall not attenipt. even & eynopsib ofj
ion, as 'W heard onlyithe part relating toll - 417 4 -
senship. - rWe were tutors fol 4 lllioo in regtirilVt -
Judge McLean, yhosslargatneut, it seemed
us, forskthed comple te reply to' the elaborate
opinion it the Chief .Tustiee.
discussed the question i under 07°0
he A s .
1. The locality of Slavery as held in the Sia - 4:
preute Court, sod in the?Ccuirts of • the Buttes:
Undei_thit head reference to the civil
taw, hs thit Btrougliont ' - Bustle Slav
eery was !baited Se' the lesary where It vas
pow
the
Chief
6 foi;tir
! ea of
retne,
'lnds ,
L. SA •
they
meat
In a
.f the
any
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and
Dever
by the
;b1 6e
; from
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