TIIE iJAILT EVENING TELEGRAPII PIIlLADELPIIIA, MONDAY, JUNE 26,' 1871. .
SPIRIT OF TEE MESS.
EDITORIAL OPINIONS Of THK LKADIHQ JOURNALS
UPOS OTJEBENT TOPICS COMPILED EVEBI
DAT TOB THE IYENINO TELEQBAPB.
TIIE
RAILWAYS OF
THE UNITED
STATES.
From the If. F. Tim.
According to Mr. Ilenry V. Poor's Rail
road Mctnual for 1871-2, now just published,
there were in operation, in the United
States, on the first day of January, 1871,
C3, 145 miles of railroad, of which 0145 were
opened the past year a greater number than
in (any previous year by 2000 miles. The
total earnings of these roads during the past
year were $450,000,000. The gross tonnage
transported over them equalled 125,000,000
tons, having a value of more than $10,000,
000,000. Their cost may be put down, in
round numbers, at $2,400,000,000. Their
mileage, in ratio to the population of the
conntry, is as 1 to 723. Their earnings equal
$1175 to each inhabitant. The tonnage
transported equalled 3 tons to each; the value
of this tonnage equalled $282 to each. "All
this vast tonnage and commerce," Mr. Poor
remarks, "has been wholly created by the re
duction effected in the cost of transportation.
The cost, for example, of transporting a ton
of Indian corn or wheat over ordinary high
ways will equal 20 cents per mile. At such a
rate the former will bear transportation only
125 miles to market, where its value is seventy
five cents per bushel; the latter only 250
miles, where its value is $150 per bushel. With
such highways only, the most valuable of
our cereals will have no commercial value
outside of circles having radii of 125 and 250
miles respectively. Upon railroads, the cost
of transporting these artioles equals only one
and a quarter cents per ton per mile. With
these works, consequently, the areas within
which corn and wheat will have a commer
cial value will be drawn upon radii of 1G00
and 8200 miles respectively. The area of
a oirole having a radius of 125 miles is 40,087
square miles; that of a circle drawn on a
radius of 1000 miles is 100 times greater, or
8,042,406 square miles. Such difference,
enormous as it is, only measures the value of
the new Bgencies employed in transporta
tion, and the results achieved, compared with
the old."
The rapid growth of this colossal interest
is as wonderful as is its present magnitude.
In 1851 there were only 8870 miles of line in
actual operation in the United States. Their
total earnings that year were $3!),40G,358 a
sum which equalled only $155 per head of
population. In 1800 the number of miles in
operation were 30,035. Their earnings were
$153,175,000, or $4-98 per head. In 1870
their earnings equalled $1175 per head.
The annual increase of earnings from 1850 to
1800 was $11,370,804; from 1800 to 1870,
$29,082,500, annually. With the progress of
railroads in nnoocupied districts it is proba
ble that from 1870 to 1880 the rate of in
crease of earnings will be, annually, one dol
lar per head of our population. Such a rate
would give for the present decade an annual
increase of, say $43,000,000, or aggregate
earnings of nearly $700,000,000, yearly, at its
close.
The rate of increase of our population is
about two and one-half per centum annually.
Mr. Poor estimates, from the rapid progress
made in the mechanio arts, that the produo
tive capaoity of our people increases in four
fold ratio to that of their numbers, and that,
consequently, the wealth of the country
doubles with every decade. It is certain that
the railroad tonnage of the oountry was three
times greater in 1870 than it was m loOO
This rapid inorease of national wealth is
solving, most satisfactorily, the problem of
the future of our national debt. If the
wealth of the oountry increases at the rate
of ten per cent, annually, the revenues will
increase at a similar rate, provided thsre is
no reduction in that of taxation. But the
rate of taxation may be largely decreased
each year, without any reduotion in the
amount of revenues collected. Such is the
fortunate position of this country, compared
with that of any other. In no other is the
annual increase in the population and wealth
an element of hrst-rate importance in the cal
culations of the statesman. The position of
our Chief Minister of Finance, consequently,
is a most fortunate one. The wind and tide
are always in his favor. Each year one mil
Uon are added to the list of tax-payers,
Their constantly and rapidly increasing
means will more and more confirm them in
their traditional policy of considering their
publio debts in the light of commercial trans
actions, to be fully liquidated at some future
day. In other countries the payment of pub
lio debts is a proposition not to be enter
tained. They are institutions a part, as it
were, of the Governments themselves. In
this country those who contracted our publio
debt are the very parties wno are to pay it,
and they will never rest satisfied till it is fully
liquidated, as have been those created on two
previous occasions, and which were far more
burdensome, considering the number and
wealth of our people, than the present one,
Of the ultimate extent to which the con
struction of . railroads in this country will be
carried no estimate can be formed. They
are to become the common highways of our
Eeople, and their progress in the future is
kely to be much more rapid than in the
past. Even in the old States a great extent
of mileage is now under construction. The
adoption of narrow gauges, of from two to
three feet, by reducing largely the cost of these
works, will greatly stimulate their construo
' tion. There are now in the State of Massa
chusetts one mile of '.railroad to every five
miles of area. A similar ratio for the whole
country would give an aggregate of more
than 000,000 miles of line! While such an
extent of line is not possible, there is no
doubt that upon an area ef 1,500,000 square
miles railroads will be rapidly constructed, till
the ratio now existing in Massachusetts is
reached. Their progress will, of course, de
pend largely upon that of our population:
but their construction will prooeed in a ratio
muoh more rapid than that of our numbers
One of the most interesting facts in con
nection with these works is the enormous
power which our great oompanies are rapidly
aoquiring, by means of consolidations of con
necting or competing lines. Ihe rennsyt
vania Railroad Company, for example, now
controls, absolutely, 3318 miles of line, the
cost of which is $247,970,032, with earnings
of $50,034,004 for the past year! The same
company has an indirect control over a large
additional extent of line, its revenues are al
most equal to those of an empire. Other great
companies are not ur Denina. The power
possessed and wielded by them, whether for
good or evil, is now attracting unusual at ten
tion, and muBt take the first place among the
subjects that are henceforth to agitate the
publio mind.
It is to be said, in commendation of Mr.
X oor wora, mat it is purely impartial. Ua
gives a faithful abstract of the condition of
the various companies, leaving it for the
public to form their own conclusions. To
aid in this he has presented comparative
statements of the conditions of all our great
companies for a period of ten years. This is
a very important and valuable feature of the
work, as such a length of time is sure to
bring out whatever is good or bad in the
management or condition of a company. The
whole subject of railway eoonomy has now
become one of paramount importance, and
we are glad to weloome this valuable contri
bution to it.
THE NEW EDUCATION.
From On S. T. Tribune.
The annual burden of commencement re
ports pressing once more upon our columns,
will hardly be received this year with the
familiar ridicule of college education with
whjch, every twelvemonth, a certain class of
reformers used to Etir the ire of venerable
dons and callow graduates. When the young
gentlemen who bad spent four years in the
sooiety of Horace, Euripides, and Euclid,
learned all about Greek roots and accidents,
and acquired more or less intimacy with
boating, tobacco, and the higher mathe
matics, came upon the piatiorm on Com
mencement day, to salute their assembled
friends in a language those friends could
not understand, and to declaim a few
rhetorical commonplaces on lofty themes
of criticism and philosophy, it was so easy to
doubt whether the acquirements thus exhi
bited were really of much use in this busy
practical world that the friends of classical
education began to fear for the destruction of
all liberal culture in the clamor of the utilita
rian school which the summer commence
ments never failed to excite. And indeed the
colleces did a great deal to deserve
criticism. They fell into the mistake
of believing that the liberal culture
which sufficed to adorn one century
was broad enough to satisfy another.
The curriculum of our best colleges ten years
ago was substantially that of our grandfathers
times excellent and comprehensive in that
day; but now, when the relations between the
scholar and the worker have been so strangely
altered, when science has taken such an
enormous development, the learning which
used to embrace all that the most accom
plished student wanted is only a small part-
important, if you will, but a small part alter
all of a really catholic education.
But it is clear that in the matter of educa
tion we are now taking a new departure. No
one can study the condition of oar colleges
without perceiving how rapidly new systems
are displacing the old, ana how oar most en
lightened instructors are quietly settling the
old feud about classical studies, not by de
grading Greek and Latin from their time
honored eminence, but by combining with
them all the new arts and practioal modern
sciences upon which so much stress has been
laid in recent years. It is a sort of combina
tion which would have been thought impos
sible a generation since; yet every year shows
it more and more successful, and the annual
commencements become in oonsequenoo more
interesting to the outside multitude, and less
open to the little jokes of the irreverent.
Thus the colleges are reforming them
selves, and giving us a broad culture which
looks equally towards intellectual strength
and refinement, and immediate utility. The
great Beats of learning are opening soientifio
schools, and expending their best energies to
adapt them to the needs of the oountry. rrao
tical agriculture, chemistry, mining, metal
lurgv, are tausht with at least as much care
and thoroughness as the theoretical sciences,
To take examples that lie at our own door
Columbia College has come to place upon
its scientific course and its sohool of mines
a dependence quite as great as upon its olassl
cal lectures; and the university or the City
of New York has just enlarged and reorga
nized its scientific department, and estab
lished for the arts and sciences a complete
and separate faculty.
It is not only in the Kind of education
supplied that our colleges are advancing,
but they have also become far more liberal
in offering it to the whole people. Thus
the New York University announces that
hereafter its collegiate course will be abso
lutely free to all. Cornell University not
only furnisheB an education entirely with
out charge, but goes a step further, and
gives every student a chance to work for
bis living. This is a characteristically Ame
rican improvement npon the old system of
charitable foundations; for Mr. Cornell under
stands that to let a man earn his bread and
butter is better than to give it to him. At
Ithaca, accordingly, the poor lad may be
supported without sacrificing his indepen
dence, and take instruction in books,
in the aits, in the trades, and in domestic
economy all together. There, too, theory
and practice are united in a more perfect
manner than in any other establishment of
learning in the world; and if experience jus
tify the expectations of its estimable founder,
this institution will mark the era of a totally
new sort of university culture. Again, Vassar
College represents the principle established
only within a few years if, indeed, it is quite
established yet that woman has a right to
the best eduoation the age is capable of
affording; that all the sciences, all the arts,
must be open to her if she chooses to follow
them; and whatever we may think of her
right to join in politioal shindies, staff ballot
boxes, or build barricades, we suau stead
fastly maintain her right to the very highest
intellectual culture, or the pursuit of any
honest knowledge. A college such as this
cannot fail, and cannot but be the exemplar
of many others. The University of Michigan
is no whit behind Cornell and Vassar; liar
vard. Yale, and many more are likewise
broadening the culture they oiler, and open
ing wider and wider means of aooess to it. A
more complete and many-sided education;
greater facilities for extending it in any one
desired direction without being compelled to
prosecute it in others not desired; easier ap
proaoh to it alike for both sexes and all classes
these appear the most marked tendencies
of late collegiate progress. With them our
colleges seem to be entering upon a new
career of usefulness, in which we shall all
wish them prosperity and honor.
nORACE GREELEY FOR PRESIDENT.
FromthtN. Y. World.
It is not to be disguised that the candidacy
of Horace Greeley for the Presidency is tak
ing hold of the Republican masses in a way
that troubles and disconcerts the mere politi
cians and wire-pulling managers of the party.
That he is an inconceivably better representa
tive of all the ideas of his party than General
Grant, or indeed than any of the dozen can
didates for whose creation and preservation
the Tribune is more than half responsible, is
too clear to need proof. Rut it is not wholly
this reason which has given such unexpected
impetus to the movement started by the
Texas journey, the demion of the carpet
baggers, the tribute to General Lee, and thj
l.ivtrniore letter. It is the absurd persoual
liking for the man Greeley which prevail
throughout the ooantry
' la all homes
Where his sweet tory comes''
in the weekly 'lribune. Doubtloss the objeot
of this popular personal liking is a quite ficti
tious entity, not at all corresponding save in
some obvious outlines to the actual person
whose daily walk and conversation have been
observed and understood by those nearer
home. But the Republican masses would vote
for Greeley as they think him, not for Greeley
as in truth he is; and the means do not exist
for exploding this apparition and revealing
the man. '1 he 1 nbune might do it, as it has
exploded the phenomenon of Conkling; but
then the Tiibune won't, and so the fictitious
and misunderstood Greeley will remain the
real and popular candidate. And it is the
fact with which politicians must deal, who
understand their epoch and expect to accom
plish results.
Kuch politicians control the cuioago m-
lunt, one of the most influential journals of
the Northwest. It is a free trade journal,
though Republican, and has had more perso
nal quarrels and political differences with Mr.
Greeley's Tribune than any other paper in
the country. Rut it comprehends the import
ance of the Greeley movement.
Ia one point we should differ with the
Tribune. Mr. Greeley (as journalists we
regret to make the admission) wants office,
lie has always wanted it, from the time he
broke with Seward and Weed till the time he
ran
for Comptroller and for Congress. But
this alienates none of his strength, for the
reason that the Republican masses see how
the politicians have always cheated him of a
nomination whenever his party had a chance
of succevt, and put him forward when nobody
else could be got to run a hopeless race. And
if the voters of his party get it into their
beads that faithful service to his pnrty had
better for once be completely rewarded with
the best oflice in the people's gift, they will
take small account of his weakness in desiring
a distinction that can add nothing to his
power, and will take great account of the faot
that the men most opposed to his candidacy
are the politicians whom he has lashed for
their incompetency or their corruptions.
lor our own parts we should rejoice at sach
a Bqnare anti-protection issue as his candidaoy
would give us, and to use one of his own
comparisons, will put into an onion all our
tears at seeing him again remanded to the
tools he can handle.
TIIE FUTURE OF CAPITAL.
From the A. 1". A'ativn.
The London Spectator said, the other day,
what we must all acknowledge, melancholy
as it is, to be true, that, if the performances
of the Commune do nothing else, thoy will
do a great deal to secure a more persistent
and earnest attention frotu the public at large
for the reconciliation of labor and capital.
The rising of June, 1848, caused Louis Na
poleon to provide a substitute for the national
workshops, by reconstructing a large portion
of Paris at the publio expense. The Fenian
risings produced the state of mind in Eng
land which at last made it possible to dises
tablish the Irish Church and to amend
the Irish land-laws. It is very likely
now that the bloody work in Paris will
do much towards convincing people not
that the theories of the Commune can
or ought ever to be embodied in
legislation but that the fact that large bodies
of men hold such theories is a serious faot
which it will not do to slight or ignore, and
with which intelligent and philanthropic men
must make some attempt to deal. There is
nothing of Nvhick the world is at this moment
so greatly in need as peace and harmony be
tween classes; no great advance in civilization
beyond the point we have already reached is
possible till this is brought about in some
way. Two systems of industry have been
j - i ti. . l i - j i- '
ineu iuus tar, tue protective auu me com
petitive, and neither of them has settled or
Bhows any sign of setting the relations be
tween labor and capital on a satisfactory basis.
Under both, the capitalist is growing very rich
and powerful; under neither is the condition
of the workingman ceasing to be precarious
and uncomfortable, and under neither does
the contrast between his condition and
that of the employer become less striking and
exasperating. If we take any of the great
branches of industry which the steam engine
has called into existence cool, iron, cotton,
and wool we find that, taking the civilized
world as a whole, while a very large number
of great fortunes have been made in them by
the capitalist class, and while the habits of
that class have grown ' very luxurious, and
nearly all the good things of life, including
political power, have largely fallen or are fall.
ing to it, the condition of the working people
engaged in them has not materially changed,
or, at all events, has not improved in anything
like the same degree, laeir houses are per
baps a little better, their clothes a little
cheaper, and their savings a little larger than
II 3 X 1 1 L . 1 " T
mey useu to u, uut me wur&iugmaa buare
of the pleasures and graces and rehnements
of life, and, above all, the distance which
separates him and his family from want, has
not much increased within fifty years under
either the regime of free trade or protection.
In this country the contrast between the la
borer's condition and that of the capitalist is
not so striking, or to the workingman so
off ensive, as in Europe, because, partly owing
to the state of society here, and partly to the
natural resources of the country, the passage
from the one class to the other is easy and
constantly made; but the tendencies which
people are deploring in Europe are at work
here, though less actively. We have our
trades unions, labor reformers, and so on,
just as they have in Europe, but we have also
fertile waste lands which they have not in
Europe; and this takes the fizz and sparkle
out ot the preachings oi our demagogues and
blatherskites for the present; bat the waste
lands will not last always or last long, and
we are almost as much concerned as any
people in having the labor question settled
out of hand.
We do not believe, as our readers know,
that anything is likely to be done towards
this desirable consummation by legislation;
we believe liberty to be the only sound and
safe and permanent basis for industry, the
liberty to buy and sell, and make and mend,
where,wben, and how we please. We believe,
too. that any attempt to provide by law any
other measure of a man's deserts in the social
state than the amount ef his own labor, or the
value put on the product of his labor by his
fellows in free and open market, would in the
long run be destructive to civilization, or at
least to our civilization. A society in which
the majority decided what I was to do, and
how much I was to get for it, and in what
manner I should expend my earnings, might
exist, and enjoy a eertain kind of prosperity,
we freely admit. Jut it would not be a
l ealthv society, or a society through which
humanity at large would advanoe. It would
not be a society in which human charaoter
would gainin strength, or foresight, or persist
ence, or in which human intellect would gain in
power or flexibility, or in which the stores of
human experience would be enriched. It
would be a dull, dead, monotonous, bald, and
barren society, fat and well clothed, no doubt,
but with few aims or aspirations above those
of a settlement of beavers or prairie-dogs.
We hold, therefore, that any men, or body of
men. vsho Ettk to substitute such a state of
society for the one in which we now live, are
to be opposed by all moral and mental agen
cies at our command, as long as they confine
themselves to agitation and argument; and
whenever they attempt it by force, as they
do in Prance, we hold that if war
be ever lawful for any object what
ever, it is lawful to wage war upon them,
and destroy them to any extent that may be
necessary to secure peace. Of all the perni
cious and immoral talk of the day, none is, to
our mind, more pernicious, absurd, or im
moral than that which claims a peculiar
sanctity or reverence for the folly or violenee
of workingmen, or poor men, as such, and
which excuses and defends, in a working
man or a poor man, crimes and absurdities
which would damn any other men to in
famy, and convert any other men int9 publio
enemies. Doubtless, at the bar of Supreme
Justice a murdering ruffian like Rigault, the
Tublio Prosecutor of the Commune, who
ppent his last night on earth arranging for
the slaughter of innocent "hostages," will
have all proper allowances made for his trials
and temptations and congenital imperfec
tions; but it behooves the sober, sen
sible, industrious members of the human
race, to whose care civilization is committed,
to remember above all things, in dealing with
such people, that it is not their duty to mea
sure out to Rigault and the like of him ab
stract justice, as they are not competent for
any such task, but to see that he and his fel
lows do not imperil those great foundations
on which human society rests men's cer
tainty that they will enjoy the fruits of their
labor, their confidence in the permanence of
the leading social conditions around them,
and in the gradualness and peaoeableness of
all changes. To introduce complete uncer
tainty about the future into civilized life is to
take from it the feature which more than all
else distinguishes it from savage life, and to
kill useful human activity at its very roots.
The elevation of the working classes will
come from co-operation. It is only in this
way. that is, through the combination of
labor and capital in the same hands, that
whatever is now offensive in the difference in
the life of the laborer and capitalist will dis
appear; and co-operation will only become
possible through the workingman's growth in
intelligence and self-restraint, it is through
co-operation, and not through hate and level
ling laws, that workmgmen will finally come
to dress like capitalists, go home to comfort
able and well-ordered homes, and refined and
rational amusements, as capitalists do, and
get abhare of the enjoyments other classes
get from leisure, books, and travel. Nobody
now takes anything from the workingman
except what he surrenders through want
of thrift, foresight, self-restraint, and
mutual confidence. Rut there is no doubt
that there is a long interval of time
to be bridged over . before co-operation be
comes bo general as either seriously to affect
the condition of the laboring population in
any country, or to reconcile them to the con
trast between their life and that of the capi
talist class. We have undoubtedly many years
of envy, hatred, malice, and heart-burnings
before us, and, during that period of transi
tion, undoubtedly the larger portion of the
responsibility for it all will necessarily fall on
the capitalist. His resources are greater,
bis training is better, and bis crosses are
fewer and easier to bear. There is, it must
be admitted, something grotesque in the
comparison sometimes made in the labor
diaonssions between his - "anxieties .. and
those of the laborer. It must be remem
bered, too, that it is quite plain
that he cannot secure himself peace
and quiet by preaching the laws of
politioal economy. This has been thoroughly
tried both in France and .England, and has
failed. In both these countries, the working
classes have constructed a political eoonomy
of their own, in which Adam Smith counts
for very little, and at the bottom, of their
system, though less apparent in some places
than others, is the theory that capitalists are
drones living on the proceeds of other men's
labor, who ought to be either banished from
the body politic altogether or else despoiled
of a large portion of their yearly gains. In
England, the latter dootrine is gaining most
ground, under the influence of the hostility
excited by the large idle and now
almost useless class of landed pro
prietors. In France, particularly in Paris
owing largely, we believe, to the ex
tent to which that city is the resort of men
of wealth who give themselves up wholly to
sensual indulgence, under the eyes of a large
body of excitable workingmen, who are also
extraordinarily eager for sensual enjoyment
themselves the utter extirpation of the capi
talist class, and the prevention of the aocu
mulation of wealth in the hands of indi
viduals, is sought with almost Satanic energy.
The Poaitivists, who have come to the sup
port of the Commune, have provided an hon
ored place for the capitalists in their system,
namely, the directorship of industry,
under the superintendence or in
spiration of the Board of Sages, who are
to form the spiritual power in the Comtist
society, and who are to impel them to self
abnegation, publio spirit, and good works.
This is unquestionably the nearest approach
that has been made to a solution of the ques
tion in what way the working-class hostility
to capital can be assuaged, until such time
as the working-classes beoome themselves
owners of capital. The rich men of all
countries will have to be coeroed by publio
opinion into a deeper sense of the responsi
bility which wealth imposes on them than
the mass of them as yet show. Extravagant
and ostentatious living must be discounte
nanced by the great body of the community
more than it is now. Giving.and giving freely,
to charities, to institutions of learning,
to all sorts of enterprises which have
the moral - and physical culture
of the mass of the people for their ob
ject, must be insisted on more earnestly as a
duty, and an imperative duty, and not treated,
as it is now, as a work of supererogation,
which an honorable man may let alone if he
pleases. In short, the facts of society the
temper and condition of the working classes,
the share which they have in creating wealth,
and which, though not reoognizable legally
in the distribution of wealth, the capitalist to
whom the wealth comes is morally bound to
remember must betaken into account
by rich men in regulating thoir lives. Mr.
Peter Cooper, who may be pointed out as
almost an example of what the capita
talist ought to be in a better social state
to which we trust we are yet com
ing, made the other night in his ad
dress at the Cooper Institute a touching
and admirable statement of the principles
which ought to govern the relations of the
two great divisions of industrial sooiety
and they may be formulated by saying to
every rich man, after he has pocketed hid
half-yearly dividends, "You have now got
your rights as an owner of capital; but the
minute you leave this office your duties as a
social being begin, and you are no more en
titled in the forum of morals to neglect thtm
than to fail to pay your pecuniary debts; and
they are the more imperative because the best
interests forbid their being enforced by law."
SHIPPINQ.
VFTf-K FOR LIVERPOOL AND QUEENS'
iLi&iTOWR The Inman Line of Royal Hal!
btramera are appointed to sail as follows:
Nempnts, ThnrBiay, June 1, at I P. M
City of London, Saturday, Jane 8. at t P. M,
City of Washington. Saturday. June 10. at 19 M.
Citver Dublin, via Haul ax, Tuesday, Jane 13, atl
P, M.
and each suoceedrrig Saturday and alternate Tues
day, from pier No. r north river.
RAT 18 OF PABSAGB
By Mall Steamer Balling every Saturday.
Payable in told. ray able in currency.
First Cabin ...tTB; Steerage 130
To London . so To London so
To Halifax..... Ml To Halifax 16
Passengers also forwarded to Antwerp, Rotter
dam, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, eta. at redaoed
rates.
Tickets can be bought here at moderate rates by
persons wishing to send tor their friends.
For further lnformaUoa apply at the company's
omce, .
JOHN G. DALK, Ag-nr, No. IB Broadway, N. Y.J
urtouixnun.LLi a faulk, Agents,
No. 409 CHi&NUT (street. Philadelphia.
dfEfc NATIONAL Ss
STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
STEAM DIRECT TO AND FROM NEW" YORE.
The magnificent Ocein Steamships of this line.
sailing regularly every SATURDAY, are among th
largest tn the world, aid famous for the degree of
me iv, nuuiiuiin nuu pnn uu amen.
CABIN RAT8S. CURRENCY.
7B and 6S. First class Excursion Tickets, good for
twelve months, $130. Earjy application must be
made in order to Becnre I choice of state-rooms.
STEERAGE RAfES, CURRENCY.
Outward, las. Prepaid, 133. Tickets to and from
Londonderry and uiasgow at the same low rates.
Persons visiting the old contry, or sending for their
ineuuB Buouiu reuieiuuer mat tneBS rntea are posi
tively much cheaper than other drst-class lines.
Bank drafts Issued for iuy amount,at lowest rates,
Eayable on demand in all porta of England, Ireland,
cotland, Wales, and tie Continent of Europe.
Appiy w waijIjCjU x tw.. Agents,
No. 804 WALUVT St., jut abovt Second.
rrHB REGULAR STEAMSHIPS ON THE PHI-
A LiAVKLrHLA. AND CHARLESTON STEAM.
SHIP LINE are ALONE axhorised to lBBoe throagt
ollli of lading to interior joints South and Weal in
connection with Booth carolin Railroad Conmany.
Vice-President So. C. RK. Co. -J
FFIV PHILADELPHIA AND SOUTHERN
eistaiMAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY'S RE
GULAR SEMJ-MON THLX JL1NE TO NEW OR
LEANS. La.
The MAKGARET will saSfor New Orleans direct
on Saturday, June S4, at 8 A.M.
The JUNIATA will sail from New Orleans, via
Havana, on . June .
THROUGH BILLS OF LADING at as low rates
as by any other route given to MOBILE, GALVES
TON, 1ND1ANOLA. KOCKJrOKT, LAVACCA, and
BRAZOS, and to all points en the Mississippi river
between New Orleans and St. Louis. Red rivor
freights reshipped at New Orleans without charge
or commissions.
WEEKLY LINE TO SAVANNAH. GA.
The WYOMING- will sail for Savannah on Sat
urday, June 84, at 8 A.M.
The TONAWANitA will sau from Savannah on
Saturday, June 84.
THROUGH BILLS OF LADING given to all the
principal towns In Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mis
sissippi. Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee In con
nection with the Central Railroad ot Georgia, At
.antlo and Unit Railroad, and Florida steamers, at
as low rates aa Dy competing unos, i
SEMI-MONTHLY LINE TO WILMINGTON, N. C.
The flONEERwUl sail for Wilmington.' N Con
Thursday, June 88, at 6 A. At. Returning, will leave
wumington jprmay. tiune so.
Connects with the Cape Fear River Steamboat
Company, the Wilmington and Weldon and North
Carolina Railroads, and the Wilmington and Man
chester Railroad to ail interior points.
Frelehts for Columbia. S. C. and Augusta, da..
taken via Wilmington at aa low rates aa by any
otner route. .
Insurance effected when requested by shippers.
Bills of lading signed at uueeu sueet wharf on or
before day of sailing.
WILLIAM L. JAMES. General Agent.
.... , ,-..Mow 130 S. THIRD Street.
Oiii Office, No. 18 South WHARVES.
nl.VJlF'll HTTEAUT T. tMIO
PHILADELPHIA, RICHMOND AND NORFOLK
STEAMSHIP LINE, THROUGH FREIGHT AIR
LINE TO THE SOUTH AND WEHT.
Steamers leave every W EDN ES OA Y and SATUR
DAY "at noon," from FIRST WHAfiF above MAR
KET Street.
No bills of lading signed after la o'clock on sailing
day.
THROUGH RATES to all points tn North and
South Carolina, via Seaboard Air-line Railroad, con
necting at Portsmouth, and at Lynchburg, Va., Ten
nessee, and the WeBt via Virginia and Tennessee
Air-line, and Richmond and Danville Railroads.
Freights HANDLED BUT ONCE and taken at
LOWER RATES than by any other Lne.
No charge for commissions, drayare, or any ex
pense of transfer. Steamships lm-ure at lowest
rates.
FREIGHTS RECEIVED DAILY.
Btate-room accommodations for passengers.
WM. P. PCKTEH, Agent, Richmond and City
Point. T. P. CROWELL fc CO., Agents, Norfolk.
PHILADELPHIA AND CHARLESTON,
i PHILADELPHIA and CHARLESTON
STEAMSHIP LINE.
THURSDAY LINE FOR CHARLESTON.
The nret-class steamship EMPIRE, Captain
Hinckley, will sail on Thursday, Jine 29, at 8
p. M., noon, from Pier 8, North Wharves, above
Arch street.
Through bills of lading to all principal points In
8outh Carolina, Georgia, Florida, etc., tc.
Rates of freight as low as by any other route.
For freight or passage apply on the Pier, as above.
WM. A. CO CRTENAY, Agent la Charleston.
,tt a for new york daily vta
-EUSeCdela ware and raritan canal.
KXl'RKSS STEAMBOAT COMPANY, f
The CHEAPEST and QUICKEST water commu
nication between Philadelphia and New York.
Steamers leave DAILY from first wharf below
MARKET Street, Philadelphia, and foot of WALL
Street. New York.
THROUGH IN TWENTY'FOUR HOURS.
Goods forwarded by all the lines running out of
New York, iiorth, Bast, and West, free of conunls-
"Freight received dally and forwarded on accom
modating terms.
m 8 JAMES nAND, Agent,
No. 119 WALL Street, New Vork.
-fT "fc, NEW EXPRESS LINE to ALEX
JE233a.ANDRIA, ' GEORGETOWN, AND
WASHINGTON, D. C, Chesapeake and Delaware
Canal, connecting with Orange and Alexandria
Steamers leave regularly every SATURDAY at
noon, from First Wharf above MARKET Street
Freights received dally.
HYDE A TYLER, Agents, Georgetown, D. c.
M. ELDR1DGE & CO., Agents, Alexandria, Va.
rr k, DELAWARE AND CHESAPEAKE
w-SC TOW-BOAT COMPANY.
Barges towed between Philadelphia, Baltimore,
Eavre-de-Grace, Delaware City, and Intermediate
CAPTAIN JOHN LAUGHLIN, Superintendent.
OFFICE, No. IS South WHARVES,
' rnn.ft miLi-niA.
WILLIAM pTcLYDE & CO.,
- AGENTS
For all the above lines,
No. 18 SOUTH WHARVES, Philadelphia,
where further Information may be obtained.
ff?t LORILLARD BT BAM SHIP yjQMPAH 1
1 1 lT' ' "fOB HEW TUItK,
SAILING TUESDAYS, THURSDAYS, AND SAT.
URDAYS AT NOON.
INSURANCE ONE-EIGHTH OF ONE PER CENT.
No bill of lading or receipt signed for less than
fifty cents, and no insurance effected for less than
one dollar premium.
For further paiticnlars and rates apply at Com
pany's office, Pier 83 East river, New York, or to
JOHN F. OHL,
PIER 1 NORTH WHARVES.
fT. j, -Extra rates on small packages Iron, metals'
etc.
.ICk FOR NEW YORK, VI A PE-j. WARE
i3Tr f!n, KarUaq Canal.
bVYl laiKB 'iKinwwmiun uus f ANY.
DESPATCH AND SWIKTSURE LINES.
The Bteam propeller of this company leave dally
at 1 J.U. BUU D I . UL.
Through In twenty-four hours. . .
'(looti forwarded to aBy polut free of commission.
Freights taken on accommodating term.
Apply to
WILLIAM M. BAIRD A CO., Agenta,
No, 138 BOUtA DELAWARE Aveuae.
HIPPINQ.
3? OR SAVANNA H, OBORQIi
7 THE FI)RIDA PORTS.
AND THE SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST.
GREAT BOTJTHEFN FREIGHT AND PASSEN.
nrn tine.
CENTRAL RAILROAD OF GEORGIA ANESAT.
LANT1C AND GULF RAILKOAD.
FOUR KTF.AMR-WS A WEEK.
TUESDAYS,
THURSDAYS, .
AND SAT if 8.
TUB STEAM8TTIPS
BAN SALVADOR. CaDtain Nlckeraon. from Plat
No. 8 North River.
WM. K. GARRISON, Afent, ,
No. e Bowling Green.
MONTGOMERY. CaDtain Faircloth. from Pier No.
13 North River.
a. IX) WD EN, Agent,
No. 83 West street
LEO,
Captain Dearborn, from Pier No, it East
MURRAY. FERRIS fc CO.. Agents.
River.
Nos. fti and 68 Soutn street
GENERAL BARNES, Captain Mallory. from Plat
No. 8 North River.
LavLNuaiun, rux. cu., Agents,
No. 83 Liberty street
Insurance by this line ONE-HALF PER CENT.
Superior accommodations for passengers.
Through rates and bills of lading la connection
wiiu me AUttuuc ana uun rreigui ime.
Through rates and bills of lading in connection
witn v;entrai Kauroad or ueorgia, to an point. .
C. 11.UW !!., I GEOKUiv lONUK,
Agent A. A O. R. R., Agent C. R. R., i
No. 829 Broadway. No. 408 Broitdway;
THE ANCHOR LINK STEAMERS
Sail every Saturday and alternate Wednesday ,
to and from Glasgow and Deny.
Passengers booked and forwarded to and from ail
railway stations In Great Britain, Ireland, Ger
many, Norway.Sweden, or Denmark and Amelia
as safely, speed-ily, comfortably, and cheaply asbj-
uuj umer niuie or hub.
B IFHKS8 ' BTKAMKBS,
"KITRA" STJAJtlBS.
IOWA,
TYRIAN,
BRITANNIA,
IOWA,
TYRIAN,
ANGIJA.
AUSTRALIA,
BRITANNIA,
INDIA,
COLUMBIA,
ISK1TANNIA.
From Pier 80 Nwrth river, New York, at noon.
Rates of Passage, Payable in Currency,
to Liverpool, Glasgow, or Derry '
First cabins, ttis and $75, according to location.
Cabin excursion tickets (good for twelve months).
securing best accommodations, 1130.
intermediate, 133 ; steerage, 128.
Certificates, at reduced rates, can be bench t hern
by those wishing to send for their friends.
urarta issued, payable on presentation.
appiy at tne company's otnees to
HENDERSON BROTHERS.
No. 7 BOWLING GREEN.
w
n i t e
STAR
LIN
OCEANIC STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY
LINE OF NEW STEAMERS BETWEEN NE
YC RK AND LIVERPOOL, CALLING AT COR
IRELAND.
The company's fleet comprises the following magJ
nlficent full-powered ocean steamships, the sud
largest in tne woria :
OCEANIC, Captain Murray. , ARCTIC,
ATLANTIC, Captain Thompson. BALTIC.
PACIFIC, Captain Perry. ADRIATIC.
These new vessels have been designed specially
for the transatlantic trade, . and combine speed
safety, and comfort y J
Passenger accommodations unrivalled.
Pn.rt.leH aenrilnir for their friends In t.h old r.nnrJ
try can now obtain prepaid tickets.
Steerage, 138, currency.
Other rates as low as any Drst-class line.
For further particulars apply to LSMAY, TMRIB
CO., No. 10 WATER Street, Liverpool, and No.
EAST INDIA Avenne. LEAD EN H ALL Street
London; or at the company's ofllcea, No. u
SKOAL) WAX, New xork.
J,H. SPARKS, Agent jj
F
OR ST. THOMAS AND B R A Z I tl
UNITED oTATao AND BRAZIL STEAM
SHIP COM f AN Y,
REGULAR MAIL STEAMERS sailing on thi
Bsa oi every montn. , v
MERRIMACK. Captain Wier.
SOUTH AMERICA, Captain E. L. Tlnklepaogn,
NORTH AMERICA. Captain G. B. Slocum.
These splendid steamers sail on schedule tlme,anH
can at fct. Themas, i'ara, r ernambuco, Bahla, ana
mo ae Janeiro, going and returning. For engage!
uieuui ui ireiimt urpnaange, bppit to :
, , WM. R. GARRISON, Agent,
No . 0 Bowling-green, New Yorfc!
OORDAOE, ETO.
CORDAGE.
Kanlll, Slial and Tarred Gordara
At Lcwwt Haw York PrlOM and rrafehla;
EDWIN H. FITXJEU CO j
VMtory, TENTH Bt. and OaBMARTOWS AvinM;
ritore, No. 18 WATBK Bt and II It DKLAW.
Avane
FiULAD
JOHN S. LEE fc CO., ROPE AND
MANUFACTURERS.
DEALERS IN NAVAL BTORES,
ANCHORS AND CHAINS.
Btur CHAIN ULJl J Y UOODS,
CHANDLERY GOODS, ETC.,
48 NORTH WHARVES.
Nos. 46 and
WHISKY, WINE, ETO.
TI7INKS, LIQUORS, ENGLISH AV
SCOTCH ALES, ETC.
The subscriber begs to call the attention
dealers, connoisseurs, and consumers generally
his splendid stock of foreign goods now on hand,
his own importation, aa well, also, to his extensl
assortment oi Loinesuj wines, .Ales, etc, amo
wuicu may oo euumeraiea:
600 cases of Clarets, high and low grades, cai
iuuy selected irom iHrsi joreign stocks.
100 casks of Sherry Wine, extra quality of fin
grade.
loo cases of Sherry Wine, extra quality of fin
grade.
8B casks of Sherry Wine, best quality of medli
grade.
80 Darreia Etcappernuug wuia ui uesi quaiiiy.
60 casks Catawba Wine " "
io barrels " " medium grade.
Toeether with a full supply of BrandteB. Whlskid
Scotch and English Ales, Brown Stout, etc, eul
which be is prepared to iurnisn to tne trade and co
Burners generally la quantities that may be I
quired, and on the most liberal terms.
P. J. JORDAN.
6 6 tf No. 820 PEAR Street I
Below Third and Walnnt and above Dock street
CAR8TAIR8 & McCALL,
H o. 126 Wamut and 21 Granite Stl
IMPORTERS OF
Brandies, Wines, Girl, Olive Oil, X
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
PURE RYE WHISKIES,
INBONP AND TAX PAID
FUHNITUHE.
josiPH H. CuiFieH (late Moore A Campion), I
WIIJ.UM SMITH, BICHAKS H. VAN
mitiTii n ninninii
Mill i n & lu mr un.t
Manufacturers of
FLNB FURNITURE, UPUOLSTERINGS, AND
TERIOK HOL'BJS UWWlliuira,
No. S49 SOUTH THIRD Street,
Manufactory, Nos. 815 and 811 LEVANT bw
Pnuadelntila. 81
GROCERIES, ETO.
FAMILIES
RTJBAL
RESIDING IN
DISTRICTS.
Tli
We are prepared; as heretofore, to supply famjj
at their country residences wltn EVERY DKSCRc
TION OF FINE GROCERIES, TEAS, Etc
ALBERT O. ROBERTS, fi
Corner ELEVENTH and VINE BttJ
i
COTTON SAIL DUCK, AND CANVAS, OF Aj
numbers and brands. Tent, Awning, Tru,'
bid Wagon-cover Duck. Alto, Paper Manai
tareri' Drier FwKa, trvm thirty to seventy
wa Paulina, WJ"?-?
a. II CSCRUi tttmemfef kw
aa!
ELFHLf
TWESi