THIS DAlLf EVENING .TELEGRAPH FH1LADELPII1A, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 33, 187(T
TZXS EARTH' J CRUST.
l l-rcrun beforb the franklin iNsriTtrri
IT TBOF. A. R. LEEDS, ON "THE MAKING OF TI1E
HAHTHB CRUST."
The following is a fall synopsis of the lec
ture delivered before the Franklin Institute
on Thursday evening last, by Professor A.
K. Leeds, on "The Making of the Earth's
Crust':
Whoever has visited the lovely Falls of
Trenton, in the State of New York, will have
noticed that the dark blue limestone, over
which the water ponrs at the bottom of the
glen, is filled with crustaceans and shells.
There are multitudes of the tiny rings of
crinoidal stems, and sometimes the entire
flower-like body and branching arms
of tte lily encrinite ; many Fpecies,
too, of those curious crab-like animals
with great projecting eyes like horns, called
trilobites. Now if auy one, who chanced to
be inclined to the study of nature, had passed
his childhood among rocks so filled with fos
sils, he would have turned conchologist. But
the R'hool-boys who upend their holidays on
the Schuylkill or Wissahickon, the Delaware,
Oram creek, Darby oreek,or the Brandywine,
and hammer away upon every rock they
meet, never encounter relic of fossil bird,
beast, fish, woini, or shell. They do, how
ever, find minerals in great abundance and
in great variety. I made some while since
a catalogue of the minerals native to South
eastern Pennsylvania, and found that it in
cluded more than 100 well-defined species. If
to these the varieties be added the number
does not fall far short of 200. There is no
large city in the country, New York, Boston,
Baltimore, Cincinnati, and Chicago all being
included, whioh possesses so rich a cabinet;
one, moreover, that is accessible to the stu
dent at all times and free of cost. As a con
sequence, Philadelphia is and always has
been noted for its multitude of mineral col
lectors and fine mineral cabinets. The col
lections of Mr. Yaux, Mr. Clay, and Mr.
Trautwine are excelled by no private, and
that of the first-named gentleman by no pub
lic, museum in the country.
The youth who commences his geological
studies while rambling through the lovely
valleys and over the gently sloping hillside1)
that encircle our native city, commences his
geological studies as nature herself would
dictate were she to become articulate and
constitute herself his teacher. The layers of
rock which, piled one upon another, make
np the earth's surface, have been frequently
and very aptly compared to a series of vol
umes the layers which are deepest
down and which, as we shall
presently see, were first formed, constituting
the introductory books, and those lying near
the surface the concluding ones. If the stu
dent wishes, then, to understand geology, he
must read these books as nature has written
them, and begin with those which she wrote
first. Now one of the very earliest books is
in the possession of the students who reside
in Philadelphia. Of the second, third, fifth,
and many of the later books we possess but
fragments, and must borrow them of our
friends who live in New York, New Jersey,
and along the Gulf, if we desire to read them
in full.
These books are written in what the stu
dent of general literature would be apt to
call the dead languages of natural history, its
Greek and Latin, so to speak. But there are
as many beautiful poems and strauge stories
told in these dead languages by lips of stone
as Grecian poets sung, and as equally worthy
. of translation into speech intelligible to those
who live at the present day.
The great tire at Alexandria that burned
the famous library destroyed, it is said, many
manuscripts which would have thrown light
upon the early history of the Asiatic mo
narchies. Similar catastrophes at the begin
ning of the world's geological history de
stroyed a library as great as that which has
been left to ns. So few are the surviving
fragments that all the sagacity of scienco is
required to rewrite that history, and when
rewritten it is almost too marvellous to
admit of belief. It tells of a time when the vital
and spiritual forces had not yet been set into
operation upon our planet. When from pole to
pole and from peel to core the earth was given
over to the fierce conflict of physical and ma
terial powers. When as yet the rocks were
fluid. Though ten years ago it would have
been a rash assertion to make, yet in view ef
what the spectroscope has revealed to ns con
cerning the constitution of the solar atmo
sphere, when some rocks were even gases.
When these rocks were part not of the earth
but of the air.
Strangely different then and cow was the
earth's atmosphere. Then it was composed
of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur,
chlorine, iodine, bromine, and the vapors of
certain easily vaporizable metals, such as
arsenic and tellurium. It stretched away
until it filled a large part of the space in
cluded within the orbit of the moon. And if
the spectroscopo xeveals to ns iron gas, mag
nesium gas, and calcium gas as existing in
the Bolar photosphere, it is reasonable to sup
pose that these and many other similar
metals once existed upon our globe in the
gaseous form. Other substances, each as
gold, platinum, and the noble metals gener
ally, silicon and carbon, the latter of which
can be converted into a liquid only at the
most exalted temperatures, constituted the
fluid body of the earth.
At last that great day came when the par
ticles of oxygen and hydrogen had so far
decreased in temperature, that is to say,
commenced to move in such restricted
spheres, that it was possible for them to link
their divided existences into one. With that
act of union, water water, the physical life
blood of the world came into being. Water
is to our earth what blood is to the life of
men, what sap is to the life of plants. It
has been said, and with truth, that a man is
composed of a handful of dust spread through
nix pailfuls of water. All vegetables and
animals are composed of water, together
with some charcoal and nitrogen. A
great number of the mineral species now
known to exist are hydrates, that is consist
of from one to forty ports water along
with other ingredients. The tiny par
ticles of water, like fairy ships more preeiom
to the well-being of mankind than Sptaish
galleons heaped with gold, are freighted
with the heat poured down upon
the turning sands of the Niger and Arna.ju,
and carry it to the shores of Greenland au 1
the Polar seas. Ever at work in our atmo
sphere, these particles of water are taking
heat from this point, where it might harm or
kill, and bearing it yondex to nourish and
bless. Water is the great mediator. It U
the medium by which all ptuts of our earth,
however distant, act and react one upon the
other, and by which the physical life of the
globe, conbidered as an organic whole,
goes on.
There were two distinct classes of pheno
mena which attended the cooling of the
globe. Jn the first place, a cooling of the
entire mas, which would diminish the earth's
.diameter, end caite it to shrink away from
the crust, leaving an open space between
core and shell. Seoondly, a contraction of
the crust itself, which would cause it to
break into pieces and fall down into the
molten mass below, floating there like so
many islands in the sea.
In conclusion, we come to a question of
the gTavest importance. We have been study
ing the development of the earth's surface,
and have seen that up to this point in its
history this development has been of the kind
termed evolution; that is to say, it has been a
development of a later from an earlier stage
by the action of purely natural and physical
laws, without any break or discontinuity, and
without involving the necessity of an extra
neous force, or the interposition of a higher
power. Now the evolution which our world's
history presents .us with is from a lower to a
more advanced Btage of development from
the simple to the complex from what is rudi
mentary to what is perfected. It has been
ever onward in its movement and in its ten
dency upwards. I venture to propose for it
the term Progressive Evolution.
Now, the fact that all evolution which the
earth's history exhibits has been progressive
in its tendency has been a serious difficulty to
many. Why, they ask, if one state is derived
from another by the unassisted action of
physical laws, should we not find that the re
sult of development is sometimes to elevate,
but as frequently to degrade ? As in the his
tory of nations the operation of purely moral
causes has sometimes brought with it
wealth, power, and culture, at other times
it has caused great monarchies to lapse into
barbarism.
I answer that such is the case in nature.
That evolution is presented to us in two
phases or aspects, one of which is progres
sive and the other is retrogressive. The sun,
the earth, and most probably Yenus, Mars,
and Jupiter, are in the progressive phase of
evolution, while other planets are in the re
trogressive. One of them, the moon, after
passing through all stages of progressive and
retrogressive evolution, exhibits the dead,
inert, exhausted condition to which a planet
is reduced at the close of the downward
movement. The unalterable operation of the
physical forces teaches us the melancholy
truth that a time must come when the supply
of heat upon the earth's surface will fall below
its expenditure. Then it must pass, as the
moon has passed, through all stages of retro
gressive evolution down to death and sheer
oblivion.
The above lecture will be followed on next
Thursday by one on "The Ilelations of
Geology to the Picturesque," by the same
attractive lecturer.
DRY OOODS.
1 8 T O.
6 -Yt Thornlcy's"
EVER SINCE 1853.
We have been on
Spring Garden Street.
And In all trie years of the past we have kent stead llv
In view the Interest of our customers in furnishing
mem
Good Goods at Low Prices.
We have now a splendid stock of
Faisley hawls,
2 r echo Shawls,
Blanket Shawls,
Superb Slack Silks,
Rich Fashionable Dress Goods,
Kid Gloves, Hdkfs., Skirts, 23tc.
Our stock is very large and splendidly assorted.
and we have put every article down to the very
lewvut puB&iuie puuit.
JOSEPH H. THORNLETS
Centrally Located Dry Goods Esta
Dusnment
NORTH EAST CORNER OF
EIGHTH and SPRING GARDE3 Stt
8 3 thstui PHILADELPHIA.
FINE DRES8 GOODS
FOR HOLIDAY PllESENTS.
H. STEEL& SON,
Nos. 713 and 715 N. TENTH Street,
Preparatory to making alterations,
WILL CLOSE OUT THEIR ENTIRE
STOCK OF
Silks, Dress Goods,
Shawls, Velvets, Plushes,
VELVETEENS, HOSIERY,
WHITE GOODS,
AND KID GLOVES, FOR CASH,
Without Regard to Co3t.
Our stock is new and choice, all purchased this
season.
VERY GREAT BARQAINS '
Will be offered, as our entire stock
MUST BE BOLD
To make room for the workmen.
1000 yards BLACK GROUND STRIPED SILK 8, at
11-80, worth fl-75. it
INDIA SHAWLSAND SCARFS.
GSOXIQZ3 FZVSTEXl,
No. 916 CIIHSriUT stutjet,
Has In more a large and elegant stock of INDIA
SCARFS. Also,
Silks in Great Varioty,
With a stock ol
Jtich India and French Fancy
Goods,
different In style from any in the city. Purchasers
ot t'tirmiiiias presents will do well to examine the
stock before pureuasuig. li 8 linrp
Nolens Medicinal Cod Liver Oil,
FOIt COIGIIS, COLD 3, CONSUMPTION, BRON
CHITIS, ASTHMA, ETC.
The utmost reliance may be placed on its genuine
nets and superior quality.
Bold in bottles only, by all Drngglsts.
SHOEMAKER & JTOLErV,
PROPRIETOR. ,
12 8 tfcstulm No. 123 South FRONT Street.
J4COII II1RLEV,
iso. ii-iu uiit-sr i i bircec, rnua. iv
Watches. Jewelry. Silver and FUted.
ware, a good assortment at
MODERATE PRICEii.
Watches and Jewelry
careful; renalxed, , 1 18 Uisla3arn
FINANCIAL.
THE STRONGEST AND RRST-SE-CHRWD,
AS VIKLL AH MOST PROFITABLE
INVtBTAl&NT NOW OF? EKED IN THE MAR
KET.
7 C EXl CEBIT. GOLD
First SVortgage Bonds,
Coupon or Registered, and free of U. 8. Tax,
rRlXClPA UAND INTEREST PAYABLE IN GOLD,
issrED Br Trig
Iliirllner.on, 4Iai; Ilnpide, and
Mi . sola It. It. Co.
The small remaining balance of the Loan for sale
At OO ami Accrued Interest In
Currency.
Intercut payable May and November.
J. FDGAR THOMSON, ...
CHARLES L. FROaT, f Trustees.
The bonds are Issued at f 2O.OC0 per mile against
the portion only of the Hoe fully completed and
equipped.
The greater part of the road is already In opera
tion, aud the present earnings are largeiy In exces
of the operating expenses and interest on the bonds.
The balance of the work necessary to establish
through connections, thereby shortening the dis
tance between St. Paul and Chicago 45 miles, and 90
miles to St. Lonls, is rapidly progressing, In time for
the novemeiit of the coming grain crops, which, it
Is estimated, will double the present Income of the
road.
The established character of this road, running as
it does through the heart of the most thickly-settled
and richest portion of the great State of Iowa, to
gether with its present advanced condition and large
earnings, warrant ns la unhesitatingly recommend
leg these bonds to investors as, in every respect, an
undoubted security. A small quantity of the issue
only remains unsold, and when the enterprise is
completed, which will be this fall, an immediate ad
vance over subscription price may be looked for.
The bonds have fifty years to run, are convertible
at the option of the holder into the stock of the Com
pany at par, and the payment of the principal is pro
vided for by a sinking fund. Ths convertibility
privilege attached to these bonds cannot fall to cause
them, at an early day, to command a market price
considerably above pir. U. S. Five-twenties at pre
sent prices return only i per cent, currency inte
rest, while these bonds pay 9)4 per cent, and we
regard them to be as safe and fully equal as a security
to any Railroad Bond Issued; and until they are
placed upon the New York Stock Exchange, the
rules of which require the road to bo completed, we
obligate ourselves to rebuy at any time any of these
bonds sold by ns after this date at the same price as
realized by ns on their sale.
AU marketable securities taken in payment free of
commission and express charges.
I1ENISY CLEWS Ac CO.,
Ho. 32 1TALX. Street, IV. Y.
FOR SALE BY
TOWNSBND WHELEN A CO.,
BARKER BROS. & CO.,
KURTZ A HOWARD,
BO WEN & FOX,
DE HAVEN & BROTHER,
THOS. A. BIDDLE A CO.,
WM. PAINTER & CO.,
GLENDENNING, DAVIS & CO.,
O. DINVILLIERS,
EMORY, BENSON A CO.,
Philadelphia,
Of whom pamphlets and information my be ob
tained. 13 1 24t
JayC0QEE5;(p.
PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK, AND
WASHINGTON,
BANKERS,
AND
Sealer In Government Securities.
Special attention given to the Purchase and Sale
oLBonds aud stocks on Commission, at the Board of
Brokers in mis ana otner cities.
INTEREST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS.
COLLECTIONS MADE ON ALL POINTS.
GOLD AND SILVER BOUGHT AND SOLD.
Reliable Railroad Bonds for Investment.
Pamphlets and full Information given at our office,
No. Hi SOUTH THIRD STREET,
PHILADELPHIA. 10 1 3m
ET O R 8 A L E.
Si Per Cent Loan of the City of
Williamiport, Pennsylvania,
FREE OV ALL TAXES,
At 85, and Accrued Interest
These Bonds are made absolutely secure by act o
Legurtatare compelling the city to levyisafficlentf u
to pay interest and principal.
P. 8. PETERSON & CO..
No. 39 SOUTH THIRD BTREET,
M PHILADELPHIA
S I JL. "V XU JEt
FOR SALE,
C. T. YERKES, Jr., & CO.,
BANKERS AND BROKERS,
No. 20 South THIRD 8troet.
420 LADBLFHIA.
f!30 r3o
nAsmxsscrj gxiax&zzo,
BANKER.
DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS RECEIVED AND INTER
EST ALLOWED ON DAILY BALANCES.
ORDERS PROMPTLY EXECUTED FOR THB
PChOHASB AND SALE OF ALL RELIABLE SE-
1l'KlTt UN.
COLLECTIONS MADE EVERYWHERE.
REAL ESTATE COLLATERAL LOANS NEGO
TIATED. 8 st em
No. C30 WALNUT St., Philed,
ST. LOUIS AND ST. JOSEPH
6 Per Cert Pint Mortgage Bonds,
Issue l,000,0no on 72 V miles of road, being at the
rate of lees than 114 0'M) per mile. Leased to the
North M it sour! Railroad Company, hlch guarantees
the Inter st. Inter H payable May 1 and November
1, In gold, iree of taxes. Price, 80 and accrued la.
Urfct Itl 11TZ Ac HOH A1M),
11 25 ftulm No. 82 f. TD1RD Street, PblUda.
J0 Pi 77T4
Sanelf, 3A?rMak&i$Qlkt
t S- I . . il fSJ." ...
i s- 77 . . a Vsj. i . y I
J
FINANCIAL.
A RELIABLE
Safe Home Investment
THIS
Sunbury and Lewistown
Railroad Company
7 PER CENT. GOLD
First Morkraffe Bonds.
Interest Payable April antl Octo
ber, free ofHtate and United
States Taxes.
We are now offering the balance of the
loan of 1 1,200,000, which is secured by a
first and only lien on the entire property and
franchises of the Company,
JL 90 and the Accrued Into
rest Added.
The Hoad is now rapidly approaching com-
pletion, with a large trade in COAL, IRON,
and LUMBER, in addition to the passenger
travel awaiting the opening of this greatly
needed enterprise. The local trade alone is
sufficiently large to sustain the Road. We
have no hesitation in recommending the
Bonds as a CHEAP, RELIABLE, and SAFE
INVESTMENT.
For pamphlets, with map, and full infor
mation, apply to
wrva. PAINTER & CO.,
Dealers in Government Beouritlci,
No. 36 South THIRD Street,
ltf4p PgtTJtTlTtT.T'mA,
UNITED STATES SECURITIES
Bought, Sold and Exchanged on Most
Liberal Terms.
GOLD
Bought and Sold at Market Eaten.
COUPONS CASHED.
Pacific Railroad Bonds
BOUGHT AND SOLD.
Etocki Bought and Bold on Commit
lion Only.
Accounts received and Interest allowed on Dally
Balances, subject to cneck at sight.
DE HA YEN & J3R0,
No. 40 South THIRD Street.
11 PHILADELPHIA.
D. C. WHARTON SMITH S CO.
BANKERS AND BROKERS,
No. 121 SOUTH THIRD STREET,
Successors to Smith, Randolph & Co.
Brer; branch of the business will have prompt au
entlon as heretofore.
Quotations of Stocks, GoTernmenta, and Oold,
constantly received from New York by frivatk
wikk, from our friends, Bdmund D. Randolph ft
Co.
gLLIOTV A B 17 R If
BAHKXRI
ffo. 109 SOUTH THIRD BTRXK3,
DEALERS IH ALL eOVXRNHXNT 8ECUKI
TIES, GOLD BILLS, ETC
DRAW BILLS OP XX CHANGS AND IRSU1
COMMERCIAL LETTERS OP CREDIT 08 VOX
UKIOM BAMS OP LONDON.
ISSUE TRAVELLERS' LETTERS OP CREDIT
ON LONDON AND PARIS, ATaUabla throughout
Buropai
Will collect au coupon! and Interest free of olargt
or partial mating their financial arrangement!
with us. ttu
JOHN S. RUSHTON & CO.,
BANKERS AND BROKERS.
NOVEMBER COUPONS WANTED
City Warrants
BOUGHT AND SOLD.
No. 50 South THIRD Street,
8 Ml PHILADELPHIA.
B. E. JAMISON & CO.,
SUCCESSORS TO
P.F.KELLY &, CO.,
BANEERS AND DEALERS IN
Gold, Silver, and Government Bond,
At Oeet Market IK a tea-,
N. W. Cor. THIRD and CJJESNTJT Sti.
Special attention given to COMMISSION 08DKRS
in New York and J'uidelphla fctoc Boards, etc.
tic J
FINANCIAL.
Wilmington and Reading
Seven Per Cent. Bonds,
FRKB OF TA.XE3.
We are ottering , OOO ol &t
Nerond Mortsnae Honda
tli In Company
AT 82 J AND ACCRUED INTER S3 1
Por tne conTenlence of Investors tcese Hons
Issued In denominations of
1 OOOm, f 500m, and ICOa.
Tne money Is required for the purchase ot adt
Honal Rolling Stock and the full equipment of i
Road.
The road la now finished, and doing a businc
largely in excess of the anticipations of its officers.
The trade offering necessitates a large a'Muionn.
ontlay for rolling stock, to afford full facilities for Its
prompt transaction, the present rolling stock not
being sufficient to accommodate the trade.
WH. PAINTER & CO.,
BANKERS,
No. 36 South THIRD Street,
it
PHILADK LPHlAi
A LtGSL INVESTMENT
roa
Trustees. Executor i and Administrators.
WB OFFER FOR 8 ALB
52,000,000
or nil
Pennsylvania Railroad Co.'a
UlUVIZRALi ItlOIlTGAUB
Six Per Cent. Bonds
at 93
And nterest Added to tUe Date
f Purchase.
All Free from state Tax, and
Issued In gums of 01000.
These bonds are coupon and registered, Interest
on the former payable January and July 1; on the
latter April and October 1, and by an act of the
Legislature, approved April 1, 1870, are made a
LEGAL INVESTMENT for Administrators, Ex ecu.
tors, Trustees, etc Por further particulars apply to
Jay Cooke Sc Co.,
E. W. Clark At Co.,
IV II IVewbold, Son Ac Aertsen,
C. Sz D. Ilorle. 12 1 im
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
A HANDSOME HOLIDAY PRESENT
ZELL'S ENCYCLOPEDIA.,
DICTIONARY. AND GAZETTEER
L. COL AN OB, LCD., EDITOR.
TWO VOLUMES. LARGE QUARTO.
The price for the entire work will still remain
for a limited time aboriginally annonnced. As It
has been found advisable to luureaite the size of the
work about 850 pagea beyond the number at first
proposed, those wuo rcbcuAsE or hcbscuihs now
will get the bene Ot of this addition without
charok. This book Is a complete and unabridged
dictionary of the English language, as good as
the best, a Gazetteer of the World, and a more
complete, newer, ana rresner Encyclopedia thai any
now In print; the price Is lower than that of any
other KncyeloixMlla and but a little above th.it
charged for an Unabridged Dictionary or a Gazet
teer alone.
The volume now coraplet". bound In full Turkey
gilt and gUt edges, at f 'JO, or In half Turkey backs
ana corners, maruieu edges, at fie, or in sneep,
marme eages, uorary sryie, sin, would make an ex
ceedlngly attractive and useful present for the boll
davB.
To those who wish to present a copy of tha com
plete work as a holiday gift we weuld announce
that we will furnish Vol. I bound in any 8t.vi., aud a
handsomely printed certificate for the delivery of
vol. li. in sama styie on presentation 01 said curtio
cateat the oitlce during ti.e month of Janurv. 1ST 1.
The work will contain 600 more engraving thn
originally announced, the additional cuts costing la
me neisnuorDooa j.tm'o.
10 18tuth2m T. ELI. WOOD ZELL, Publisher,
Nos. IT and 19 ti. blXTU Street, Philadelphia.
ENGINE, MACHINERY, ETO.
PENN 8TEM ENGINE AND BOILER
CAL AND TUKORKTIOAL ENGINEERS, MA.
V.. Ill 11) 1 U V nm- m 1 Ml. ViMlvugini M.
and FOUNDERS, havlug for many years been In
successfdl operation, f-nd been exclusively engaged
in building ana repairing Marine ana mver Engines,
high and low pressure. Iron Boilers, Water Tanks.
Propellers, etc. etc., respectfully offer their services
to tne puduc as Deing tuny preparea wcomraci ror
engines of all slzeaa, Marine, River, and Stationary;
having sets of patterns of tllfleient sixes, are pre-
Sared to execute orders with quick despatch. Every
escrlptlon of pattern-making made at tne shortest
notice. High and Low Pressure Fine Tubular and
Cylinder boilers of the best Pennsylvania Charcoal
iron. rorgiugB 01 ait size uu iiuaa. iron ana
Brass Castings of all descriptions. ROU Turning.
ocrew Cutting, and all other work connected
with the above business.
Drawing and sneettlcattona for all work done
the establishment free of charge, and work gua
ranteed. , , . . .
The subscribers have ample wharf dock-ioom foi
repairs of boats, where they can lie In perfect
Safety, ana are proviueu wim bubiub, uiuuui, iua,
etc. etc., ior raising neavj ur iikuitwcikmio.
' JACOB O. NEAFTE,
JOUN P. LEVY,
8 IBS BEACH and PALMER Streets.
pIRARD TUBE WORKS AND IRON CO.,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.,
Manufacture Pluln and Oalvanlzed
WKoL'UUT-lKON PIPlf
and Hundries for Gas and Steam Fitters, Plumbers,
Machinists, Kaiuug AiaKtrs, uu jteuners, etc.
WOWKS,
TWENTY-THIRD AN 1 Kl I.BERT STREETS.
OKK1CE AND WAREHOUSE,
8 1 No. 43 N. FIFTH bThEET.
CUTLERY, ETO.
TODGEF8 A WOSTENHOLM'S POCKET
A KNIVES. Pearl and Stag handles, and
beautiful finish; Rodgeis', and Wada
Butcher's Rasora, aud tha celebrated Le
conltre Rasor; Ladles' Scissors, In cases,
of the nnest quality ; Rodgcrs' Table Cutlery, Carvers
and Forks, Razor birops, Cork Screws, etc Ear In.
strun ents, to assist the hearing, of tha most ap
proved construction, at P. MADEIRA'S,
No. 110 TENTH Street helow Cheanut
COTTON SAIL DUCK AND CANVAS, OF All
nuiLbera and brands. Tent, Awning, Trunk
and VI agon-cover uucl. ibu, rapur juauuiao
turers' Drier Felta, from thirty to sovamty-oU
Inches, with Paulina, jjemng, bu vwine, euv
JOHN W. BVKRMAN,
fid. 10 CHUlVCd 0tttt (CU btoftftl
BHIPPINO.
LorILLAKD BTKAMSUir COMPAMI
rou rvi;w to Kit,
SAILING EVERY. TUESDAY, THURSDAY, AND
RATKR TEN CENTS PER 100 TOUNDS, FOUII
OAl I.ON. SHIP'S OPTION.
INSURANCE BY THIS LINE ONE-EIGHTH OF
on k rsn CENT.
Extra rote on small packages iron, metals, eto.
No receipt or bill of lading signed for less than
Ofty cents
Ooods forwarded to all points free of commission
Through biliKcf lading given to Wilmington. N. 1
ny the Bienmer of this line leaving New York tri
weekly. Foi lurthrr particulars apply to
JU11IN r. UHb,
PIER 19 NOKTH WHARVES.
N. B The recnliir shirners bv thin linn will ha
charged the nliovu rates all winter.
w inter ratt-s commence December 1R. 181
fT'HB REGULAR STEAMSHIPS ON THB PHI
JL LaDKLPHIA AND CHARLESTON STEAM.
SHIP LINE are ALONE authorized to lsue throng
ollls of ladii g to Interior points South and West in
connection with South Carolina Railroad Company,
At(llfiL La I I Libit,
Vice-President 80. c. RR. Ca
dfjP PHILADELPHIA AND SOUTIIBRN
SMnw-MAIl. STEAMSHIP COMPANY'S REUU
UH bUMI-MUaiULK AdJUS TKJ KKW Oil.
LFAKfS, I.
Tb JUMATA will Mil for N OrluD. Tl H&T.nn-
OI VticIkv, !. einlxT It), t 8 A. M.
feTbs YAZOO will tuul from Mw Orleans, via Hatmm.
od TlmrKdaj, Urrember 15.
1UKOII.U tHUUHUV M lOW ! M bf
an other ronto gon to Mobile, tnlvitnn, INDIAN
OI.A, KOCKl'OK T. LAVAOOA, and BH AZ08,nd to all
rmrti on tbc ftii'-niiwippl rivet between New Orleans and
1. 1 oiif. Red UiTer freight, reabippad at Htm Oxleana
without oaarge of oemmiMionii . .
WF.KKI.Y MNF. TO SAVANNAH. OA.
Tha TON AW a R) UA will aail ior barannaa on Bator
dr,t. rmtx-r 17 at ft A. M.
lhe WlOMlNU will sail from. Savannao on Bataidar,
December 17.
Tu HOUGH BILLS OF LADING riven to all toeprln.
oipal towns in Georgia, Alabama, florid., Mimiesippia
Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee in connection with
tbe Central Kailmad of Georgia, Atlantic and Onlf Rail
road, and Florida steamers, at as low rate, as br oompotina
lines, .
SEMI-MONTHLY LINK TO WILMINGTON. !. O.
Tbe PIONKKK will sail for Wilminrion on Tnesdaf.
TWemher 18. at 6 A. M. Retaining, will leave Wilming
ton Satnrdav, December ',
Connects with tbe Cape Fear River Kteamboat Oom.
pany, the W ilmini ton and Weldon and North Carolina
Railroads, and the Wilmington and Manchester Railroad
to all interior point.
Freights for Colombia, 8. O., and A Quanta, Ga., taken
Via W llmington, at a low rates aa by any other ront.
Insurance effected when requested by shippers. Bills
of lading signed at Queen street wharf on or before oaf
of niili".
WILLIAM L. JAMKS, General Agent.
Hi No. 130 South THIRD Street.
FOR LIVERPOOL AND OUEENS.
.TOWN. Inruan Line of Royal Mall
bteaiuers are appointed to sail as follows:
City of 1'ariH, Saturday, Dec. 17. all P. M.1
City of London. Saturdav, Dec. S4. at 7 A. M.
City of Cork, via Uuilfax, Tuesday, Dec 27, at 9
City of Brooklyn, Saturday, Dec. 81, at 1 P. M.
and each succeeding Hatnroay and alternate Tues
day, from pier No. 45 North river.
RATES OF PASSAGE.
Payable In gold. Payable In currency.
First Cabin f75 Steerage IS
To Londen 80j To London 38
To Paris 90 To Parts 83
To Halifax SO I To Halifax 18
Passengers also forwarded to Havre, Hamburg,
Bremen, etc., at reduced rates.
Tickets chu be bought here at moderate rates by
persons wlHhlng ro send for tnelr friends.
For farther information apply at the company's
office.
JOUN G. DALE, Agent, No. IS Broadway, N. Y. I
Or to O'DONNeIl tf FAULK, Agents,
1 5 No. 40 CHESN UT Street. Pniladelphia.
am
TMTTT A11W1 PtTt A Ptnnun ur
J. A Nil NOIJCOI.K RTIT A MfiUID T Tu n
THROUGH FREIGHT AIR LINK TO TUB SOUTH?
AN& WK8T
LNORBASED FACILITIES AND RRDUOKD BATES
Steamers leave every WK.DN ESDAYand 8ATURDA v.
KKTteet.DOOn IO 11KST WUAKF "xv MAR.
RKTUKNINO, leave RICHMOND MONDAYS and
THURSDAYS, and NORFOLK TUESDAYS and HA.
TURDAYB.
No Bills of Lading signed after la o'elook on satlinj
THROUGH RATES to all points In North and South
Carolina, via Seaboard Air Line Railroad, oonneoting aA
Portsmouth, and to Lynchburg, Va. , Tennessee, and the)
West, via Virginia and Tennessee Air line and Riohmood
and DanTille Rajlro&d.
Freight HANDLED BUTONOE, and.taken at LOWKB
RATK8 THAN ANY OTHER LINK.
No charge for commission, draya, or any aipenaa a
Steamships Insure at West rates.
Freight reoeived dail.
BUt. Room aooominodaUonsfor jjaaftstiors.
No. laS. WHARVES and Pier 1 N. WHARVHS.
W. P. PORTER, Agent at Richmond and City Point.
T. P. ORO W IiLL t CO., A genu at Norfolk. It
NEW EXPRESS LINK TO ALEX AN
Georgetown, and Washington
, via Chesapeake and Delaware
Canal, with connections at Alexandria from tha
most direct ronte for Lynchburg, Bristol, Knoxvlllo,
Nashville, Dalton, and the Southwest.
Steamers leave regularly every Saturday at noon
torn the first wharf above Market street.
Freight received dally.
WILLIAM P. CLYDE A CO.,
No. 14 North and South WHARVES.
ITYDB fc TYLER, Agents at Georgetown; U.
ELDRIDQE A CO., Agents at Alexandria. a l
0mm t FOR NEW YORK, VIA DELAWARE
! cVf'Vr and Rarltan Canal.
aSaee&. SWIFT SURE TRANSPO RTATIONj
XM.PANY.
DESPATCH AND BwlPTSURB LINES,
Leaving dally at 18 M. and of. M.
The steam propeirers of this company will COEQ
mence loading on the 8th of March.
Through In twenty-four hours.
Goods forwarded to any point free of commission
Freights taken on accommodating tonus.
Apply to
WILLIAM M. BATRD & CO., Agents,
45 No. 188 South DELAWARE Avenue.
FOR NEW YORK.
via Delaware and Rarltan Canal.
EXPRESS STEAMBOAT COMPANY.
'lhe steam Propellers of the line will comrnenoa
loading on the 8th instant, leaving dally aa usual.
THROUGH IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS.
Goods forwaroed by all the lines going out of Ns
York, North, East, or West, free of commission.
Freights received at low rates.
WILLIAM P. CLYDE A CO., Agents,
No. 18 8. DELAWARE Avenue.
JAMES HAND. Agent,
No. 118 W ALL Street, New York. 8 41
DELAWARE AND CnES APEAK
STEAM TOWBOAT COMPANY.'
Barires towed between PhlladelDhlal
Baltimore, Uavre-de-Grace, Delaware city, and in
termediate points.
WILLIAM P. CLYDE A CO., Agent.
Captain JOHN LA UGH LIN, Superintendent.
Oiilre. Nix 18 Sooth Wlfres V'Hadeiphla. 4 lla
OORDAOE, ETO.
WEAVER & CO.,
BUPIi MAmilFAlTIJULUO
AND
en ip ciiArtii.i;ij,
No. t North WATER Street and
No. 83 North WHARVES, Philadelphia.
ROPE AT LOWEST BOSTON AND NEW TORS
PRICES.
41
CORDAGE.
HanLUa, Sisal and Tarred Cordagi
At Lowest New York Prioes and Vretchta.
KD WIN II. P1T1.RU k JOh
Factory, TUPIU St. and GKRMANTOWB Avsoaa.
Store. No. S3 WAT KB St, and 83 M DKLAWAB
Aveone.
41112m PHILADELPHIA
SAXON GREEN
NEVER FADES.
8 16m
A LE X A N D E R G. CATTELL A Cfi,
IV. PRODUCE COMMISSION MESCUANT8,
No. 84 NORTH WHARVES
AMD
NO. NORTH WATER STREET,
PH IT.A TiBr.PU I A.
A