THE DAILY EVEN IIS G TLKUltALu 1'HlbADELrilIA, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1870.
CITY 1.11BLL1UB.10C
SOCIAL .SC1EKIE.
NINTH AXXVAl. SRION UP TUB AUE
KILAN BOUlAti mHJIKNCE A990U1 1 riO..
The rrereHnaS of the Third Day'a IWorw-Hrnnton-Kwmjn
by Or. laaae Kay. Joseph
Whartoa. find a. : The Dlaenwilon.
The third day's morning session of the American
Social Science Association began at 11 o'ciok,ln the
ahapel of the University of Pennsylvania, President
Bitetln the chair.
The President on calling the meeting to order
stated that an hoar would be allowed for discussion,
nd desired that, the census of thts year should be
onsidcred. He Maid that this association had
alieady exorcised some Influence on the powers that
i regarding the manner ef taking the census. He
then called upon Mr. Klllott, of the United States
Statistical Bureau, who la thoroughly conversant
with the subjcct.to give a description of the different
ways in which vne census of various countries Is
akeu. . ..
Mr. Klllott said that thciehad been no change In
the methods of the several countries for many years.
In some places householder's blanks are distributed
irovioiifly, snd on a cet tain night deslghated they
are to be filled up. The number of people In the
House during that night Is given, and the fact sttted
whether the residence of each is permanent or tem
porary. These blanks are called for on tne next
Say by the enumerator. The difficulty of
taking the census by the enumerator is
niHle much less by this system. This plan
is only partially adopted In our system. We require
the census-taker to call upon the householder within
a giveu ierlod. It is often Impossible to find the
owLerof the property or the head of the family,
and the Information has often to he obtained from
servants, our system fs also the most costly.
While the officers ar enthusiastic in the discharge
tf their duties iind perform their work well, the sys
cm is very Imperfect. This association should take
me action looking to a better plan in future.
Mr. 15. Coxe introduced the miners' question, and
raid that he thought the association should en
deavor to procure papers showing what has been
lone in F.ngland to prevent the strikes and troubles
t the miners, which cause the mining works to
Btand Idle one-third of the time.
nlr. Coxe moved that the Kxecutlve Committee
be empowered to procure all such papers. Agreed to.
Mr. Klllott moved also that the kxecutlve Commit
tee of the association be requested to take such
steps as mav be necessary to seenre increased atten
tion to the subject of an improved method In census
taking, and to bring the matter to the consideration
of the proper authorities. Agreed to.
The Evidence of Krerts," by Or. Isaac Kay,
of Philadelphia.
The first paper of this unming session was on
'The Evldeuce of Experts," by Dr. Isaac Kay, of
this city. The folio wlug la a full abstract :
With one exception the testimony of witnesses Is
ronflued to facts within their personal knowledge.
To promote the ends or justice It sometimes be
comes necessary to obtain their opinions rather
than any facts, because it Is not the naked facts,
but the inferences to be drawn from those facts, that
K is desirable to know. The witness may have been
particularly conversant with that department of
knowledge to which such facts belong, and Is thus
able to attach a meaning to the facts unknown to
others without that experience. Experts are re
proached for diti'eriug with one another as to the
vigutllcauce of the same facts, and because they
appear at the call of one or the other part) they are
charged with teatifylr g under a bias. Some change
in our mode of procedure is called for which shall
place skilled testimony beyond the reach of impro
per influences and render It perfectly reliable.
In the first place, the oojectlons are n it very
sound, and in the next, the changes suggested are
lther impracticable or incapable of remedying the
evils complained of.
Discrepancy and contradiction are not confined to
skilled testimony. They occur, more or less, in all
evidence, aud spring from the very constitution of
the mind. All men do not see and hear the same
things precisely alike. Is it reasonable to expect
unanimity in matters of opinion any more than la
matters of fact ? dcientihc men differ on many im
portant points, in their books and lectures, and this
difference is not regarded as strange, or in
dicative of improper biases. Wuy, then,
should it be expected that their testimony on the
witness-stand should be unanimous? Science is
progressive. Each inquirer contributes something
to the common stock, according to his ability and
opportunity. These contributions may sometimes
convey discrepant meanings, because the limits of
science are beyond reach, and the particular result
Is determined oy causes peculiar to the inquirer
himself, such as bis cast of trind. his
habits of thought, his field of observation,
his application and temperament. No one
can learn everything, nor avoid mistake
and imperfection. A subject Investigated In a few
of its relations may lead to conclusions very different
from what they would be under a more thorough in
vestigation. Every contribution to science Is valua
ble, bat no single one can be considered as the final
and complete expression of the troth. They all repre
sent stages or steps towards the attainment of the
tinal object, no one of which could be dispensed
with without detriment.
Under these conditions, science makes Its appear
ance on the witness-stand, aud thus It is that what
is ignorantly mistaken for conflict, and imputed to
ignorance or something worse, is only a different
phase of the same general truth.
Again, experts must necessarily vary In their tes
timony, because their experience has been diffe
rent. No two can have had precisely the same ex
perience. Their route have 'tivergd from each
other, the same phenomena hit . e appeared to them
under different circumstances, some secret of
nature has been disclosed to one whlcn defied the
inquiries of the other, and thus they have been led
to conclusions which, though apparently contllctlng,
are only supplementary. To expect from experts
invariable unanimity on the witness-stand would be
as rational as to expect evt ry judicial decision to
express the united opinion of the full bench; tint
every hiBtorlan should agree respecting certain
characters or events. Why, then, be scandalized by
the spectacle of chemists, or surgeons, or physl
tians uttering conflicting opinions on questions
within their respective provinces ?
If in any given case the opinions of experts differ,
o much the more important is it that they should
be given in evidence. The theory of our criminal
law supposes that the accused is entitled to the
benefit of whatever can properly be alleged in his
favor. He is nut only entitled to any facts that bear
on his case, but also to any construction of those
facts that a competent judgment can supply.
Though a dozen experts testify ami as t him, he cau
not be regarded as having had a fair trial if the one
solitary disseutiug expert be excluded from the wit-ncBf-staud.
It is also objected to skilled testimony tnat It
seems to embarrass and c infuse the jury when they
roost need to be self-confident and sure. If this ob
jection Is sound, then. why not exclude ordinary
witnesses, for their testimony is often contradictory,
nd especially the addresses of counsel, which ate
fSBentially contradictory? These we admit, not
withstanding their defects, because it is the theory
or our law that, on the whole, the purposes of jus
tice are best served by placing before the jury
everything that bears upon the question at Issue.
For this reuson skilled testimony U admitted, in the
belief that even its contradictions, if any there are,
are necessary to make the trial complete. Instead
of eing a reproach to our system, It is a signal
triumph of humanity, that it puts within the reacii
of the prisoner any fa a, any matter of science, thaf
will contribute to his defense.
The contradiction so much complained of is often
more apparent than real. Experts pursuing diffe
rent tracks of Inquiry may arrive at results appa
rently conflicting, but which may, neverthele.s-t,'be
only supplementary the oho to the other. Both may
be correct so far as they go; they both are true, but
neither embraces the whole truth. They have re
garded the same matters of inquiry from opposite
points of vie w, but what they see maybe none the
less valuable. No single Individual has. explored the
whole domain of science, aud thus it may often
hapn that the selenitic aspects of a question would
not be completely shown by any single Individual.
Again.lt is objected that an expert testifies In the
interest of the party by whom he is compensated, aud
therefore he cannot help being under a wrong bin.
It does not follow that because he is engaged by one
of the parties he must be necessarily partial and one
sided. The case having been explained to liim be
fore the trial, he has lormed Uis judgment upon it
according to the weight of the anticipated eviaeuce
It it is favorable to the party applying to him he is
put on the witness-stand, otherwise not. All that a
jury requires Is that the evidence, whether of faot or
opinion, shall be true, or honestly supposed to be
true. It is none the less legitimate because oi its
discrepancies. Those It Is for the jury to dispose of
as best it can. W'nere tierecan be any ground for
diversity of opinion in matters of science, such
diversity should be freely and fully expressed, ac
cording to the recognized requirements of a jury
trial.
To avoid these objections to skilled testimony it
has been proposed to have the experts appoiuted by
the Executive of the State, liut it Is not certain
that the Executive would appoint the best men,
judging by our experience of Executive appoint
ments; and if it were otherwise, we hve reason to
believe that few such would accept theorilce. Be
sides, there would be the difficulty in specifying the
various departments of knowledge in which the ap
pointees should respectively act as experts, because
tbey are numberless and cannot be exactly defiud.
It has also been suggested that experts should be
assigned by the court in each particular suit. But
l 'lis would limit the sources of Information in a man
ner repugnant to the spirit of our judicial system.
Js'obody pretends that ail knowledge, even in the
barrowesc specialty, is confined to one, two, or three
ndivl4aa!, and one or Ue o'-Ser carty would be
likely t o conclude, that some Important point could
be established if they had an unrestricted choice
of expert. Hence, this method would prove un
satisfactory, and might be nnjust. Beside, it would
lie none the less obnoxlons t some of the objec
tions already nrged. In some foreign countries this
method is nsed, but there It. is In harmony with their
judicial system, which does not embrace a Jury, or,
if It docs, the functions of the Jury are much more
restricted than with us.
An improvement on the present practice would da
to have the opinion of the expert on the actual case
in hand, as It nsed to be, instead of on a Hypotheti
cal case. Another Improvement would be to hive
all the questions put to the expert In writing, and
the answers returned In writing, after the miinnr
or a deposition. This would avoid the evil arising
from questions that are unexpected aud must be
answered wlthontdue deliberation. It would al
prevent the attempt to embarrass the witness by
brow-beating and side Issues. Another improve
ment would be forjudges to snpport the honest. In
telligent expert, as far as may be consistent with
their duty, and abstain from assuming the evidence
of the expert themselves.
"International Imtnutcfnl Competition," by
Joseph M barton, K.
The seeond essay of the morning session was by
Joseph Wharton, Esq., of Philadelphia, on Inter
national Industrial Competition. The following Is
an abstract:
The Manchester school of pnli'lcal eoonomists parsist
en ly eDtrent mankind to regulate their ointnoroil
affairs opan the amnmption that the entire race of man
I bnt a band of brothers, who, thonh tony mar be aoct
dentally natiiered into aroupa designated by the "gio
rrnphioal exprexslomi" Unites Statea of imiurl, Kag.
land, France, or the like, and thnngh they may filitdna
perately upon accaaiun far the purpose of mem aril 7.
ingor overthrowing one or another of thene group, are
yet, far aa ao-called peaceful intervoarve i con
cerned, really a single family, aa1 ought, in all
that relates to trade (that ia, in nearly all wherehy in
ordinary times the nations act upon each other) to disre
gard this national grouping. The common interest of
mankind would seem, according to this school, to riiira
that, sine inch group do exist, one of them should pro
duce food, and another ootton or wool, while a fiird
should make tools or clothing, and that the individuals
of each of the groups should exoend much of their energy
in carrying tbnir several products across land and sea to
trade them froely with members of the others.
'"ould such universal and unrestricted trading division
of labor among the nations be founded upon the dsnpeit
inHtinctsand interests of onr nice, or are they so contra
vened by ineradicable human characteristics aa to be
merely sentimental and illusory!'
Theae questions cannot be properly answered without
consideration of many collateral points, and partiaularly,
I tbink, of the following:
1 It ia intrinsically right for persons to form thtmnelvm
for mutaai aid and comfoit irto n ttinna, preferring etch
other to strangers, carefully hedging themselves abnnt,
and Jealous not only of their territory, hut. also of rbe.r
separate and peculiar insftntins met modes of life? Or
should all barriers bo broken down, and mankind be
obliged to fnse and coalesce in a single mass?
2. If the grouping into nations he permissible, is it right
for each nation to endeavor to be self-centred, self-supporting,
complete, and independent as to material want,
or should certain of them permanently subjected to
others by dependence upon those others for articles in dis
pensable to human well-being or comfort, which they could
themselves producer
3. If, again, men may properly form nations, should the
several governments thereof take cognizance of trade be
tween their respective populations, regulating the aims as
each may see tit. or should they limit their action strictly
to internal affairs, absolving their subiects from allegiance,
and imposing no conditions upon aliens, in so far as trade
is concerned 1
4. Hnnposing , for argument's sake, the universal brother
hood theory to be abstractly so alluring that a nation, oon
tidently relying upon it, should legislate to treat citizens
and aliens alike in matters of trade, but should find that
by the hostile industrial organization of other nations its
markets were overloaded, its workmen thrown out of em
ployment, its money drawn away, its fininoea crippled,
and its independent endangered ; ought it still to con
tiane in the policy of defenseless confidence, or ought
it, if yet retaining vitality and conrage enough, to
p rot cot itself from suoh trade invasiona by lilting loisl
tion?
6. Supposing the right of a nation to be undeniable as
regards other nations to protect itself by any expedient
devices from spoliation through trade, has its government
the right, as between its own citizens, to aid some at the
expense of others, in ordor that the whole nation may
attain greater vigor, completeness, powor of self-sustenance,
and independence? .
rt. Is there on the other hand any obligation on the part
of the (tovernmont towards its citizens, to give all neces
sary aid and shpport, at the common cost, to suoh as are
laboring to expand its resources, extend its industrial do
main, and fortify its independence.
7. Is the common good of mankind promoted by an
enormous transportation of raw material from the ends
of the earth to a few spots, thore to be manufactured,
and the finished products iu part transported biok
again, thus establishing among the nations somothing
similar to the division of labor which is successfully prac
tised among individuals f
8. Boas the "lai sez faire," or let aloue doctrine, which
some sociologists insist upon as tbe law of nature, and as
the correct rule for international trade, inoulnate aroally
sound policy for the guidance of nations in their dealings
With each other.
Regarding tbe present condition of things in protective
tariff legixlatioD, the following is proposed as a remedy:
Let a permanent (lommission of Customs be created, or
a separate Bureau erected in the Treasury department,
charged with constant oversight of tbe changing condi
tions of trade and industry, and especially witlt watchful
ness for tne introduction of naturalization of industries
new to tbe oountry, wbotber such are aotnally undertaken
bere or are merely seen to be feasible and desirable. A
permanent Commission is preferable to a Bureau, as being
mora independent, and of widor scope, and therefore
attractive to a bighr order of capacity.
Iet the Commission be composed of at least three per
sons, of whom one ahoild have practical experience and
wido knowledge aa a manufacturer, and soother should
bave acquired thorough acquaintance with the actual ma
chinery and practice of collecting onstoms, by intelligent
service in a custom house; knowlodge of tariff legisla
tion and precedent in this and other countries is also es
tiai. Let them be empowered to bear during recess of Oon
I roes all representations of parties desiring changes in tbe
tariff, and to travel from place to place for the purpose of
more thorough investigation. Let them bear all caasa of
ontlicting claims or interests in regard to customs rates,
and bave power to aummon wiiasssea. How muoh may lie
effected by this means is partly shown by thy results of the
Journeys and investigations of tbe'Jommittea of Ways and
11 cans during the summer and fall of iM'iS.
Let no tariff legislation be introduced into CongraMexi
eept from this commission, which should make at the be-
f inniiifi of each session of Congress a report accompanied
tyafinmof law, the latter einhoding all changea they
deem desirable, and tbe fonner giving as brieily as pos
sible the reasons therefor and a general view of tbe situ
ation. Lei them have power to make and enforoe all the need
ful regulations for carrying into ell act all laws relutiug to
toe imposition or collection of import duty. The larger
powers possessed by the Unglish Commissi mers of eas
terns, which extend to the alteration of tariff rates, could
scarcely pe granted with ta'ety to eich a commission.
hue ii a commission, consisting of sufficiently intelligent
and honest persons, resolved upon promoting by 'he
meaDec niideu to them the welfare of their oenoountry
exercising their powers with ajnipat by for the producer
as well as the consumers, not favoring any sellWl
rapacity, or any slovenly manufacturer, nor en
deavoring to preserve any ONtablisbment which by
the march of industrial science has become anti
quated, and holiliug themselves well ia oueck by
a airong sentiment oi conservatism, refusing any change
except for very sufficient reason would certainly com
mand tbe confidence and cordial co operation of all tbe
various interests wbioh would be affected by its aotion.
It would relieve Congress ot great masses of the most
annoying legislation very mucb as the Court of Claims bat
operated in another bald, would lighten tbe duties of the
Treasury Department somewhat a has been done by
creating tbe Commissioner ef Internal Revenue, and
would give a moat desirable stability to oar tariff system.
"The Theory ol the Civil Service," br Brln
ton toxc, Eeq., of t'liiludeduhla.
The third paper of to-days morning session was a
'Keview of Von Mohl's Essay upon the UiiTerent
Methods of Filling the Offices or the Civil Service,"
by Brinton Coxe Esq.. of this city.
The views of this distinguished German publicist
named upon this question will lie found lu the mini
volume, p. 36:1, of his collection of monographs,
entitled 'Staatsrecht, Voelkerecht, nnd folitiic."
Tuebingen, Ikiso, lb6.
The folio wit g is a condensation of the review of
his theories presented to the association by Mr.
Coxe:
In the modern State the offices of the public ad
ministration may be Oiled In three fundamentally
diil'ereut ways: First- By a systematically arranged
body or professional officials appointed by theUiv
ernment, either with or without a legally secured
tenure or otilce. 8econdly. By officials cuoseu by
election either upon a democratic or an aristocratic
basis. Thirdly by Intrusting local offices to nnpaid
volunteer officials upon the principles ol the institu
tion of local self-government lneiiherits aristocratic
or its democratic form. Other methods are possiiie,
but our Bubject is confined to those usual lu modern
times.
Tbe transaction or public business by pmftshinal
organs or the public iower is lu existing States the
most frequently occurring system, ror it is to be
found even where others are In part used. It is,
howt ver, necessary to bear In mind that this system
occurs In two distinct forms, the ditlerence between
which depends npon the question whether the pub
lic oitlcials do or do not possess a legal right t re
tain their places duriug good behavior, aud a legal
claim to petitions for themselves anil their families
In cast of old age, sickness, or death. Nothing cau
be a greater error than to suppose that this dxity of
tenure is a subordinate question. The whule char
acter of the institution is changed ajfordiuf as one
or Die other course is adopted la this respect.
- Where a tenure lor life and proper peuMons are se
cured Incumbents as legal right, the tlovermneut
has the least difficulty in efficiently tilting its oillcus.
The (Slate service then becomes a regular aud securd
career for honorable aud diligent men to embrace
for their whole lives, instead of its degenerating luto
a mere source of patronage. From otiicUls receiving
such a lifelong remuneration, the State can exact
all the qualifications of professional experts. It cau
demand from each candidate for office the general
education and special preparatory training it holds
retiuUilte. Examinations, periods of probation, the
preliminary discbarge or the duties of subordinate
posts, the discrimination betweeu the qutliHoations
lit-ceetary for different services, the order of trans
fer from one branch of administration to another,
the prohibition or any private occuputm, too pro
gressive increase or salary, a just aud secure system
of promotion, a severe inspection, a wise disclaim
and good system or mora izaCloo or the service, are
rendered perfectly possible. The natural result of
such measures when properly planned Is to produce
aa oilicial body cousbmog of trained, skUful, ludus-
trions, and Beaton men occupying a distinguished
place among their countryman. For all this, how
ever, It Is absolutely necessary that the legal right
of security in office should remain intact. Tte
natural independence so given likewise tends
strongly to seenre a truly constitutional obedkenoe,
and the officials are protected by the law when re
fusing to obey Illegal commands. The ttte, on the
other hand, has ample power to secure
obedience to legal orders and to over
come any possibly existing opposition and
hostility In the official body against iu legislative or
administrative reforms relating to the service or
anything else. Another beneficial eilect of the sys
tem will be found In the uniformity of thought, of
political and social views, and of official and non
ofllcial customs characterizing the members of the
service. By this, a uniform administration of public
business In all Its branches and a uniform action or
the government In all parts or the country
are greatly rurthered. Finally, it is a
great advantage that, whenever the proper
spirit animates the appointing power, the relatively
best roan can, at least in most Instances, be secured
for a vacancy. The various tests already referred to,
and the critical knowledge of officials' previous ser
vices, must prevent bad appointments unless In ex
ceptional cases, It would, however, be very par
tial to overlook the disadvantages which this, like
every other official system, possesses. Iu the first
place, its costliness Is unavoidable and Inherent, for
the officials must be remunerated for a whole lire or
labor and devotion to the public service and rr the
entire concentration or their powers and resources
In their profession. Again, it cannot be denied that
the Influence of superiors npon Inferiors in such a
civil service may have a bad effect npon the character
of the officials, and that it does actually have such
an effect npon the weak and the over-ambitious.
The more such influences are misapplied, the greater
the danger of a servility in the service, which, when
developed, may give the government a powerful
means or executing lta arbitrarv will, and thus may
endanger the Myrtles of the people. Furthermore,
there is a certain amount of dn tiger that a life-long
official may fall into a thoughtless routine, and his
occupation from an intelligent profession becomes
dull tiade. Lastly, it is possible, happily not neces
sary, that a systematic corruption may permeate
such a civil service. The mildest form which
this can take Is tiiat of Idleness and shirking work ;
the worst, that of bribery. When developed, the
evil o) hriiiery la most difficult to eradicate, aud is a
corse alike upon the government and the people.
The whole admlnstratfon becomes a system of
fraud, lying, and cheating, and honorable men will
avoid or retire from He service. While giving full
weight, however, to the nniavorable side of the ac
count, Von Mohl Is strongly of opinion that both ex
perience and criticism show that, on the whole, a
decidedly favorable judgment is to be pronounced
npon the system of officials with a legally secured
tenure.
We come now to the system or proresslonal
officials toifnoMf a legal right In their offices. TlWs
Inferior position or the public officials has many im
portant consequences. Care must, however, be
taken not to generalize too readily, ror in practice
this system occurs In very different rorms. Thus ror
example, in the United States and In Franco, whore
it exists, the power or arbitrary removal is very dir
rereijtly exercised, and the eitlelal system or each
country Is thererore separately discussed by Von
Mohl. The less the power or arbitrary removal is
exercised the greater would seem to be the amount
of preparation, training, and expertness
in the service, and tbe less will pro
motion deienerate into favoritism and
patronage. Whatever may be the advantages which
the practical working of this syBtem in any country
may secure, they appear to be merely those which
could be obtained lu a greater degree by the estab
lishment or a tenure or legal right. Its disadvan
tages naturally take a peculiarly national coloring,
which, after Investigation, Von Mohl pronounces to
be great in France, and still greater in America. In
the United States tne systematic development of
arbitrary removals Into the so-called rotation in
office, the utter absence of professional training aud
expertness the regarding fr offices of publlctrdat
as tbe spoils of party, etc., have produced evils
which Von Mohl holds to be as great as they are
difficult to eradicate.
Another principal method of manning the public
service is where, in either an aristocracy or a demo
cracy, the more or less numerous body in which the
soveieign power resides elects its officials from
among it own number. In these two cases, how
ever, the elective systems differ greatly. Of that of
a pure arlstocrrcy (a form of government hardly now
existing In Christendom), it need only be remarked
that the main political requisite Is that the chief
offices should be tilled by members of the governing
corporation only, and that everything should be
arranged to carry out this principle aud to sesure
the public prosperity upon this basis. v
The subject of officials chosen by democratic
elections is of special Importance in the present day.
We should here first recill that the grants or elec
tive offices in a democracy are practically (though,
not necessarily) for short terms only, and that popu
lar elections include not only such officials as are
chosen by the whole people, hut also those of smaller
districts and localities. First among the good
effects of this Institution is to be placed
the fact that it secures the sovereign people
the choice of its officials. The nomination of
its own organs is essentially a function or the
sovereign power, whether it be lodged In a prince or
a people. It is likewise necessary that the servants
or a government should not be opposed to its politi
cal tendencies and reelings. Again, It Is beneficial
and consistent that the existing officials should ex
press the sentiments or the existing majority, ror
democracies are and must be governments or the
majority. Another advantage is the cheapness of
the syBtem, for remuneration npon a basts of repub
lican simplicity and for merely the limited time
taken from private affairs is all that Is requisite,
officials, too, who must soon retire from oflico can
not readily fall Into the oppressive conduct of a
haughty governing class.
Nor Is It likely, from their accord with the sove
reign power, that they will be called upon to carry
out orders contrary to tbelr convictions. Oa the
other hand, the system presents many disadvan
tages. Under It there ran exist no system or edu
cation for the public service, a thing rendered im
possible when office is granted only occasionally and
for short terms. There can be no security for the
ele-'t'a possessing proper qualifications, for
they must be chosen without pre
vious tasta or proofs of their fitness. This
difficulty is, Indeed, inherent, for qualifications
llHiltiiig the will of the sovereign people cannot
practically be enforced. The frequency or elections
may give rise to great public disquiet, party ani
mosity, aDd injury to material prosperity. Elec
tioneering intrigues may be pushed to immoral and
indecent extremes, degrading the independence and
character or candidates, aud corrupting the clvio
virtue or the people. When a decided corruption or
public morals has arisen in a democracy, popular
elections may become a very plague npon the land.
Good men are then driven out of polities
altogether, and tbe care, or rather the plunder,
of the public business falls into
the bands of the worst and most degraded part of
the population. Indirect elections, whether by
members of the ordinary representative assembly
or by representative electors specially chosen, are
not repugnant to democratic Institutions, but both
scientific investigation and the actual experience of
democratic politics prove that they have in practice
but a limited range of application, and are Itaole to
certain peculiar disadvantages. Their general po
litical effects, too, will be found to be substantially
tbe same as those of direct elections.
The lust principal method of filling offices is that
pursued under the institution or local self-gov ;rn
ment. Under It, the administration of local affairs
may be entrusted to such persons as have an interest
in the proper management thereof, and who are
willing to assume the corresponding offices without
remuneration. Hucb unpaid volunteer officials may
be either appointed or elected, but the peculiarity
of the institution does not He in tbe mere mode of
nomination, but rather in the qualifications and
characteristics of the officials and their relations to
their neighbors whose affairs they administer. The
control of purely local affairs by the local aristocracy
or democracy through unpaid officials rewarded only
by the social or political ad rantage accruing to the
public business of the local community iu which
they live, aud consequently are most Interested in,
ib the key of the system. It is evident that only
matters or merely local Interest, and or them only
those held In a certain repute, and such as are not
of a purely mechanical nature, can be confided to
local functionaries serving without pay ami for the
honor of office. The lnstituttoa can only exist in its
aristocrat su form where a competent aristocracy is
to be found, and in a democratic form where
the mass of the people are not too Ignorant
nor to poor to furnish tbe requisite
volunteers. The advantages of this local, unpaid
volunteer system are as follows: personal every,
day famlllurity with the business administered; re
gard ror tbe substance of transactions; seal ; cheap
ness : education or the people In pub lc affairs ; the f ur
i.ifchirjg or a school ror training public men, and espe
cially representatives; prevention or a weak depen
dence upon the central government; tbe impossi
bility ot tbe government's using such functionaries
as tools of oppression and Illegality. On the otlier
tide or the account may be placed the danger or a
l arrow local spirit iu such officials. Their depen
dence upon their subordinates from their waut or
expertness will be great. The regular .'ormallties or
business will f requ. ntly be disregarded. It will be
difficult always to enforce a strict responsibility.
Such officials may possibly abuse their powers for
teillBh purposes, and the influence or local public
opinion upon them may not always be exercised in
favor or what is Justly due the government and the
law. On the whole, however, whenever the system
is practicable there can be no doubt that the good
side w ill generally predominate.
- Before pronouncing a general Judgment upon all
the forest ing methods of dlllag puoito offices, we
must first recall that it is impossiuie tht there
should be any atnolute excellence la any given sys
tem, aud that uo cue system can hariuouue sritU
every form of polity. Only what is relatively good i
ran here be attained, nor shouli any government
attempt to establish an official sy'em inconsistent
with its fundamental principles. With these qualifi
cations, there can be no donht that roost ran be said
In favor of the system of professional officials with a
legal light in their offices, and next to it, of the sys
tem of unpaid volunteer officials for local an air.
The first-named st stem Is at least partially applica
ble everywhere, and can lie applied to all kinds of
business, while the latter must must be confined
to c rlain branches of local affairs, and sometimes
Is not practicable at all from the want of material.
The system of proresslonal officials without a legal
right to the office can secure no advantages which
cannot be obtained to a greater extent by the sys
tem of legal tenure, white it is just as expensive and
liable to great abuse. The election or paid officials
by the people presents many objectlontble feature.
It Is very proper In a democracy, but only therein,
and when the political conoliion Is sound may pro
duce fair and even exoellent results under such a
polity. When corruption, however, his set in the
offices are sure of being badly filled.
From the foregoing It results that the system of
nnpaid volunteer local officials should, as far as
practicable, be availed or. For the other places,
professional officials should be appointed by the
chler or the State, whose tenure or office during
good behavior ana pensioning in sickness and old
age should be legally secured, while on the other
band a corresponding preparatory training and a
thorough performance of duties should in return be
exacted. Much public servants should not only be
made nse of in all monarchies, bnt also in democra
cies, tor at least most posts or the cen'ral adminis
tration and ror those lu which a special professional
training is required. Of course, ror tne highest
offices of a democracy, and likewise ror the local
offices therein, elections by the people am unavoid
able. The system or proresslonal officials without a
legal right or office Is, in normal circumstances,
neither necessary nor desirable under any form of
government.
TnB Ncttinb Excursion to FAiRMOtjMT Pahk.
The school children's picnic to Falrraount Park will
take place to-morrow, weather permitting.
1 he following points have been designated bv the
committee as the most convenient for the children
to reach the section or the Park assigned to them:
School Sections 1. 8, and 26 Take Pennsylvania
Railroad cars at West Philadelphia Station, and go
to Kgglesfleld or Sweet Briar Station, on Pennsylva
nia Bailrond.
School Sections 3, 4, and 5 Take Pennsylvania
Railroad cars at West Philadelphia Station, and go
to Eggiesfleid or Sweet Briar Station, on Pennsyl
vania Railroad.
School Section H Take Pennsylvania Railroad
cars as above, and go to Landsdowne St'ition or
Heading Railroad at Seventeenth and Willow, and
go to Belmont Station.
School Section IT Take Readfngcars as above, or
at junction of Frankford road and Reading Rail
road, and go to Belmont Station.
School Sections 6, and 7,8,0, 11,13, 14, 15, and
16 Take Reading cars as alwve, ami go to Bel
mont Station, or Pennsylvanlacars,as above, and
go to Landsdowne Station.
School sections 84 and 87 Take Pennsylvania
Railroad.
School Sections 18 and 19, 83 and 25 Take Read
ing cars at junction of Frankford and Reading roads,
and go to Belmont Station.
School Section 20, Katt and West Take Reading
cars at Seventeenth and Willow streets, and go to
Belmont Station.
Concerts will bejglven at the Park, as follows:
George's Hill at ll A. M ; Sweet Briar at 12 M. :
Landsdowne Valley at 1 P. M., and at Belmont at a
P. M. Tbe Glrard College Cadets will give a dress
parade at Belmont Cottage at 2 P. M.
The soldiers' orphans of the Lincoln Institution
will leave the Institution at 10 A. M., and march up
Eleventh to Walnut, thence to Nineteenth, thence
to Chesuut, and tbecce to the depot of the Pennsyl
vania Railroad. Upon reaching the Park thev will
encamn and give a military drill, A police force Is
to be stationed at Oirard Avenue Bridge to prevent
cattle from passing over during the day.
rrBi.ic Night Scnoot.8 Mr. II. W. Ilalliwcll,
Secretary or the Board of Education, gives notice
that public night schools, ror the instruction or young
men over seventeen years of age, will be opened on
Monday evening next at the following-named loca
tions: George W. Neblnger School, Carpenter street,
above sixth.
Keystone School House, Nineteenth street, above
Chesnut. p.
Jackson School House, Twelfth and Federal
streets.
Harrison School House, Master street, above
Second.
Reynolds School House, Twentieth and Jefferson
streets.
Green Lane School House, Manayunk.
Marshall School House, Frankford.
Mantua School House, Haverford street, above
Thirty-fifth.
Angora School House, Angora, Twenty-seventh
ward.
Roberts Vaux Colored School House, Brown street,
below Fifth.
Literary and Musical Ektertainmbnts. Oar
friends' of the West Arch Street Presbyterian
(Jliurch bave taken our advice and prepared a course
or lectures to be delivered ia the Church, corner
ol Eighteenth and Arch streets. The first will be
on Tuesday evening, November 1, by Rev. Dr. . Wtl
lits, on "Mental Dyspepsia;" November 8, by Rev.
Dr. Reed, on "What 1 saw in Italy;"' November 15,
hy Rev. Frank L. Robbins, on "a Trip to California;"
November 21, by Rev. J. Hyatt Smith, of Brooklyn,
N. Y., on "From New York to Jerusalem:" Novem
ber 20, by Rev. Dr. Breed, on "A day at Shushan,"
tnd on December 6, by Rev. Dr. March, on "Remin
iscences or the East." Each lecture will be accom
panied by choice luuslc, arranged by the organist,
Mr. W. C. Ewlng; and ror the first one a double
quartette composed of eight of tire most distin
guished amateur musicians of Philadelphia, will
favor the audience with some grand selections In
the most approved style. On Thursday evening, 3d
November, the children re to have an unusually
Interesting stereopticoa exhibition lu the church.
See advertisement.
Examination kor Teachers. The semi-annual
examination of candidates for certificates of qualifi
cations for teachers In the public schools of the First
School district of Pennsylvania will be held at the
Central High School, Broad and Green streets, on
Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, November Oth,
10th, and llth, isiu, commencing at 9 A. M, pre
cisely. No applicant under seventeen years of age
will be examined, except in accordance with the
resolution of the Board of Public Education. No
pupil or the public schools will be examined who has
not passed at least a two years' course or study in
the tiirls' Normal or Central High School. Gra
duates of tbe senior classes are entitled to attend
the examination. An average of not less than 75 Is
required for a certificate ot the first grade; an aver
age or not less than 60 ror the seoonrl grade ; and an
average or not less thanio ror the third grade.
Si.KiHT Firks. About 4 o'clock this morning a
shed in the rear or the dwelling at the southwost
corner or Sixteenth and Cabot streets was slightly
damaged by fire.
About half-past 7 o'clock last evening an out
building attached to the lamp-black factory of Ed
ward Ayrcs, at the Frankford creek and Harrison
street, Brldesburg, was destroyed by fire. Loss,
.'&0; no Insurance.
The Cafi op Mrs. McGinnis The Coroner's
jury In the case of Mrs. Mediums met to-day and
rendered the following verdict:
That the said Ann McGinnts came to her death
from effusion on the brain. From the evidence
before them the jury are of opinion that the vio
lence received at the hands of Charles Burns, Octo
ber 84, lbiO, acted as an accelerating cause of her
death Burns was committed to answer.
A TiLL-TArrKR Arrested. Charles KUly, aged
fourteen years, sneaked Into a confectionery store
at No. 104 Pine street yesterday afternoon, and
helped himself to some cash In the money drawer.
The little fellow was chased to Tenth and Clinton
streets and there captured. He had a hearing be
fore Alderman Belshaw, and was committed for
trial.
SreriCTON of Roiibery. Yesterday afternoon
Beamer Collins, resldiug at Nineteenth and South
streets, was arrested y Policeman McCarthy, of
the Filth district, on suspicion of breaking into and
robbing several shoe stores in the lower section or
tne city. Tbe prisoner was locked up for a hearing
at the Central Station this afternoon.
Larceny of a Watch. Frederick Cornwall was
arrested yesterday on suspicion or the larceny it a
watch from a lady residing at No. 855 N. Sixteenth
street. Defenoaut boarded on the premises. He
will have a bearing at the Central butlou this
arttrnoon.
Fiai at Whitehall. About io o'clock this morn
lng a Are occurred in an unfinished brick dwel tog
owned by Mr. Waters, in Melrose street, Whitehall.
Loss, 300. The building adjoining, owned by Mr.
Barley, was also damaged by lire. Loss, 500.
A Nuisance This morning Lieutenant Hg-
gerty, of the Third district, reported to the Chief of
Police that tbe sewer at Penn and South streets was
iu a filthy condition, and that the slouch arising
from the same was intolerable.
A Curiosity A large buffalo ball's head is hang
ing In the window of T. B. Peterson A Brothers'
store, No. 30 chesnut street. It was sent by a
i. ww .... who. a- J 4kr a n .1 la uai.l rrt Ka t fen.
I IBO.IJUAI J Ml UUI IUU U "" B-V4 IV IUO
best specimen ever sent Eau
John B. Gouuh, Esq., will deliver two of his po
pular lectures before the Young JJleu'i Christian
Aabocluiion next mouth.
THE THEATRES
Tbe Iterelpts r na (' .purea with Pre-
vtaaa V vmr.
Below we give the receipts of the leading places
of amusement li the eity for the year lf 0, as rom
ps red with prev ions years, together with the amount
of tax paid the United States, being two per cent,
on the gross receipts. It will be seen that the re
turns tor this year include only the first nine
months, m the law In relation to .the taxing of the
gross receipts of places of amusement ceased to be
operative on and after October 1 :
Walnut Street Theatre.
Month: 1ST0. lSt. 1K-W.
January I4,lll lls.wwi tn,809
February. 1S,11 H,70 14.R37
March 14.0SH 20,247 IS 857
April 14,7B 11,447 21,873
May 13,119 ,5T9 ll.m
June. I4,eti l,767 K,wt
July closed. closed. closed.
August, 3,623 6,230 10,378
September 16,451 19,1'M lrt.110
October 22,370 18,7I
November 81,695 17,3
December 15,209 13,616
Total receipts.... 112,974 178,P43 l,8ia
U. S. tax 2,250 8,678 3,244
Arch Mtreet Theatre.
Mmtht. 1HT0. lHfiP.
January $14,105 6,V04 113,044
Febrnary 15,806 12,796 19,100
March 26,431 12,6 14.850
April 12,876 16,9C3 8,306
May 9,516 17,503 8,347
June 7.4K3 7,1431 T,,
July closed. 8,933f "'''
Airitust closed. 0,343 closed.
September 7,935 17,604 ll.sso
October 9,873 2'l.ios
November 16,228 15,322
December 13,396 16,4.i3
Total receipts 193,212 H58 330 1142,195
U.S. tax 1,804 3,167 2,843
In September the Arch was open only eighteen
nighu.
New American Theatre.
.Vmith. 1R70. 1-R
January 112,079 f 10,000 f 3,pmk)
February 9,74 4 0,300 4,000
March 9,306 8,0iH) 4,077
April 7,OC3 6.2S9 6,129
May 1,763 6 173 - 7.8S7
June 3 200 . 6,160 6,213
July 4,700 3,100 u,0(iu
August 4,202 4,400 5,400
September 10,615 8.20J 6,000
October 8,364 6,000
November 11,471 9,764
December. 14,873 12,500
Total receipts 108,732 $94,330 ;s,8oo
U. S, tAX 1,374 1.8S5 1,476
American Arndemy of Manic
It Is Impossible to give tbe fall report or thts es
tablishment, but It is correct as far aa it goes, and
nearly complete:
Mth. 170. 1S69. .l.
January (17,613 .. . 15,4S2
February 23,807 10,800 22,771
March 4,584 6,828 7,414
April 0,054 10,506 11,600
May 8,608 11,354 12.S39
June 810 .... 1,93
July .... ....
August .... ....
September .... ....
October 22.093
November 8,793 25,065
December 2,500 3,821
Total receipts.... $59, 781 $18,763 100,SS4
Taxes 1,105 1,475 2,017
i:arncros & Ulxej'a Opera House.
ifoHthi. VilO. 18rt9. l&W.
January 110,348 $11,152 $36io
February 0,635 7,983 6,432
March 9,241 7,846 7,980
April. 6,104 8,415 6,464
May 3,832 6,309 6,337
June 816 .... 815
July 3,000 .... ....
August closed .... 2,664
September 6,089 11,667 13,073
October 10,937 11 642
November 10,930 10,726
December. 12,197 11,241
Total receipts.. .$48,965 S6,936 $35,434
U.S. tax 079 1,733 1,708
Cbesnnt Ptreet Theatre.
Month. 1870. lm. I8i)8.
January $8,s73 .... $3,822
February 8.P75 7,846
March 4,842 $3,686 4,384
April. 10,510 15,212 15872
May 2,974 4,237 16,054
fc::::::::::::S!S
August closed " 9,031
September. 2 835 " 11,993
October 15,338 5,816
November 8,219 8,036
December 8,842 7,614
Total receipts.. .$39,000 $60,433 $101,434
U. 8. tax 730 1,209 2,023
Vupreztfc Benedict's Opera llonse.
This place opened-under this management in Oc
tober, 1609.
Month. 1870. 1809.
January $4,695 ....
February 4,678
March 4,400
April 3,708
May 1,104
June 901 ....
July l,6io
August 1,679 ....
September 1.7CT ....
October $!,816
November 4.571
December 7,177
Total receipts $24,551 $13,U
V. . tax 401 271
Arch Street Opera Hanse.
This place of amusement was opened in Septem
ber. The receipts ror that month wero $13,016, on
which a tax of $272 88 has been paid.
, Mix Years' Receipts.
The gross receipts of the three principal theatres
for the six years from 1865 to 1370, up to October 1,
were as follows:
Yrnr. Areh. Walnut. Chmut.
15 $158,67 $91,890 $106,101
1SC.6 113,323 173,530 122,775
1SU7 113,077- 154,T" 119,194
1868 112,195 162,249 101,434
1869 158,338 1 '8,943 66,483
1870 03,212 112,974 .30,000
Totals $779,010 $ 374,376 $114,993
FAST TRAVELLING.
81xleen Allies In as .llnny .Minutes A T.ocomo
llve on tbe Philadelphia, and Trenton Rail
read Uaee Nome Extraordinary Kuanlnr.
The Washlt-gton anil New Yorx express, which
leaves West Philadelphia for New York at 2 35 A.
M., alwavs stops at Mantua Junction to change en
gines. The loconio.lve in readiness at this point
takes the train on to New Brunswick, where It is re.
5 laced by a third engine, which takes the train to
ersey City. At 2 o'clock yesterday morning engine
Na 61 was ready at Mantua Juuctlon for the ex
press. This locomotive m said to be the oldest pas
senger engine ou the road, and, though somewhat
wora with age, excels many or Its juniors in both
power and speed. While waiting ror the express
tbe engineer aud the tlrernau, having an hour to
spare, left ihcir engine standing ou the main track
aud went to breakfast. At thU dark ami early hour
the only persons at the Junction were employes of
the company.
The homely feast disposed of, they lit their pipes,
but they bad not enjoyed more than half a d izeu
wbiils when they tvere startled from their reverie.
To their astonishment, their engine began moving,
and before cither of them could recover their sell
possession it had shot out of sight, and was making
the most remarkable time on record. In a lew more
moments the express came up. Without a second's
delay, lu engine was sent lu pursuit of the runawty
locomotive. The news of the runaway spread con
sternation anion the passengers, and so aaxioui
were they on the subject that nearly all of them left
their seats, aud ciowded round the operator.
Kensington, Fraukiord. liridexburg, aud Tacony
nations were successively passed by the pursuing
locomotive without discovering anything or Nasi.
Just before reaching liolmesburg Junction a thin
stieak of light was descried In advance, which ap
peared to them ltke a llery serpent shooting over
the track. The tall of the Imaginary serpent was
soon touched, aud turned out to be a trail of hot
cinders dropped by the fugitive locomotive,
hellevlng that they were uow close to
the latter, they slackened speed until the tele
graph poles uo longer looked like a gigaatio
hue-tooth comb. At Torresda'.e, a little beyond the
junction, the truant engine was reached. Its fires
were burned down, aud it had come to a dead stop
A comparison of watches showed that the runaway
CDgine had travelled sixteen miles in about as many
minutes. No damage watt done, and owing to tne
unseasonable hour at which the event occurred
none but the railroad officials were badiy scared.
The engineer and the fireman of locomotive No. 81
are at a loss to understand how the engine's throt
tle was opened. They did not see anv person ap
proach the engine, yet they Insist that the engine
could not have started without some mischievous
band belug bnt laid upon It,
FOURTH EDITION
LATER CABLE REPORTS:
The New French Loan.
IXcratry and the ZHobilcs.
The Chateaudun Sufferers.
The north Carolina Troubles
Important Revenue Matters.
Army and FJavy Ordars.
Etc. Etc.. Etc.. Etc.. Etc.
I ROM EUROPE.
The New French T.ona.
London, Oct. 27. The prospects of the new
French loan to be placed on the market here are
eald to be very favorable.
The Urlttany Mobiles -
Touns, Oct. 27. Keratry has ordered all the
Mobiles In the province. of Brittany to concen
trate at Le Mans, in order to oppose the progress
of the Prussians, who seem to bo moving in that
direction.
It is understood that when the troops are col
lected there as contemplated, Keratry will orga
nize them himself for offensive warfare. Many
regular troops will also be Incorporated in this
army. lie has already Issued
A Htlrrlna Proclamation
to the Mobiles, promising that they shall have
the bcBt weapons and be well supplied with can
non and mitrailleuses. They are to be sub
mitted to the strictest discipline, and unwilling
hearts must remain away. Let only true
Bretons come, whose rally lng-cry.Bb.all be, "God
and country."
The Sufferers at Chateaadan.
Wagons under charge of soldiers have gone,
through the streets of this city, collecting sup
plies of all kinds for the Inhabitants of ha
tcauduD, whose houses were burned by the Prus
sians. Subscriptions have also been opened in
their behalf.
FROM WHSIIINGTOJY.
TfaeKnalUh ttllnaton nnd General Hchenck.
Special Dwspatek to The tonfn0 telegraph.
Washington, Oct. 27. Gossips have it to-day that
the President has determined to otl'cr General
Schenck the mission to England. There seems, how
ever, to be no foundation for the report other tnan
that a Western man Is to have the place, and that
Schenck has all the qualifications.
Judge Keller
arrived here last night on business connected with
your Custom House. He had interviews to-day with
tee President and Secretary Boutwell.
CInblnet Matters.
A semi-official de match sent by tne agent of the
Associated Press which appears in the newspapers
yesterday morning, concerning Cabinet matters, is
likely so call forth a letter from Secretary Oox,
together with the correspondence which passed
between htmself and the President, Cox's friends
are urging him to write a letter defending himself
against the Imputations contained In that despatch .
The North (!arollna Troubles.
Senator Abbott, or North Carolina, informed the
President to-day that the reported disturbances In
his State are much exaggerated and misrepresented.
It appears that they are not of apolitical character
at all, but the work of certain armed outlaws, black:
ami white, who live In the swamps of Hoblnson
county, and who make raids npon the people In the
vicinity irrespective of race, color, or politics. The
Senator says the State militli is endeavoring to cap
ture these marauders, and that their execution will
end most of the trouble In the state.
Naval Order.
Ik-watch to the Associated Vest.
WAsnwoTOK, Oct. IT. Lieutenant-Commander
Edwin T. Woodward is ordered to temporary ord
nance duty at Pistsburg. Pa. Ensign Joseph U.
liobson Is ordered to tbe Pacific fleet. Commander
James S. Thornton is detached from the command
or tbe Kearsarge and granted three mouths' leave.
Lieutenant-Commander John Wordman Is detache
from the Kearsarge and placed on waiting orders.
The I'nited Mat is steamer Frolic arrived at the
Navy Yard to-day from a cruise on the fishing;
banks.
KerruWa far te Army.
The Superintendent-aeneral of the recruiting ser
vice at Cincinnati, Ohio, has been directed to for
ward nnder the proper chanre, in detachments of
convenient size, two hundred recruits to Omaha,
Nebraska, for asslgtnient to tbe 4th Infantry.
Defrauding- the Helena.
Supervisor Perry reports to the lnf.ernil Revenue
Otilce that he hits procured the seizure of a
(tiantlty of tobacco at Fayetteville, North Carolina,
the stamps on which, though genuine, were fmper
pcrfectly cancelled, and had ben soaked In oil, and
In consequence would not adhere to the boxes,
though they were fastened with varnish according to
the Commissioner's instructions.
Imparted and Uomeatle Nplrlta.
Tbe Commissioner of Internal Revenue has issued
a circular to assessors directing them to request all
liquor dealers, rectifiers, and other persoBJ having
ii let il led spirits In their poostssion not lu bonded
warehouse, to render to them a statement of the
quantity of lrqnor ou haud on the 1Mb or November
next, showing how much braudy. gin, rum, wliixky,
high wines, alcohol, aud fruit brandies, aud distin
guishing betweeh Imported and domestic spirits.
FROM THE WEST.
Terrible Railroad celdeiit Three Persona
Hiud.
St. Lons, Oct. 27. Tbe express train which left
here on Tuesday evening on the O'll ) a id Missis
blppl Rabroad ran through an open s vltch and col
lided with a coal train on a side tra jk, four miles
4hissldH f Snoals Station, about midnight. The
fireman of tbe express train and a woman and girl
iu the front passengtr-car, Barnes unknown, were
killed, and about a dozen perxous Injured, none
seriotsly. Roth locomotives were livln smashed.
The termer of tbe passenger train was forced into
the baggage-car, and the smoking-car and first passenger-car
telescoped ulxiut half the length of the
cars. Axsihtauce was ohtaiued as soon as possible,
and everything done to revive the wouuded. The
Irfiiliesof the woman and girl were left at ShOiU
Station. .
FROM XEW EXGLAXD.
t'ul.tirul
PaoviDENrK, Oct, T. Cieorgo II Brown, of
Gloucester, has beeu nominated for Congress in the
First district.
Fibi at A Chckch. A quarter of two o'clock thf
afternoon a or occurred ut the Triuity M. K.
Church, Kfglith street, above Kace, incurring a loss
or a few hundred dollars. The flames originated
from a defective flue.
Tux C. F. Bkkckk who has been mentioned ia
connection with t'ie Stuttgard defalcation is not
the well-known artist No. 040 Chesnut street.-
Found Opkk 1 ho police of the Fourth district
foond Ave su res open on Arch, (Jheanut, aud Third
streets last night,
A California exchange estimates that after
deducting tbe Chinese from the aggregate popu
lation of that Slate, it would be reduced to a
representative baeis of 440,000.
A complete reformation has taken place in
the life of a notorious debauchee of Cincinnati,
through tbe Instrumentality of a friendly ghost,
w bo is told to have paid hitn a vkit some weeks
since.