9
njiTOTT TKfMTr A-TTFT"
H
YOL. XIV NO. C8.
PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1870.
DOUBLE SHEET THREE CENTS.
FIRST EDITION
THE ROMAN QUESTION
Italy and the Eternal City.
Home and Its Defenses.
THE WAR IN EUROPE.
Strasburg' and Paris.
The New German Empire.
The Terrible Uhlans.
Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc., Etc,
THE 11031 IN QUESTION.
The Italians nt the ante, of the Cliy The
Jhnrly History and Present Condition of Route
It Defenses.
At any moment we may expect to receive intelli
gence of the entrance of King Victor Emanuel's
forces into the city of Rome. After two or three
insignificant skirmishes, the King's troops have
penetrated the Pontifical territory to the very gates
of the city, ftnd only delay their occupation of it for
a day, in order to avoid the possibility of bloodshed.
The l'ope has declared that the foreign troops In his
service are for the moment the rulers of the city,
and that he is powerless to prevent them from
making a show of resistance. Twenty-four hours'
delay has been granted by the Italian commander,
and at the expiration of that time the Italians will
probably assault the defensive works, if (General
Kanzler docs not yield to wiser counsels and restrain
the ardor of his mercenaries.
The Defenses of Rome
are anything but formidable, and entirely Inade
quate for the successful resistance of a hostile force.
The inability of the city to Btand a siege was fairly
demonstrated by the successful assau.ts of the
French expeditionary force in 1840, when the Red
Republicans had driven out the Pope and set np a
government for themselves. On that occasion Gene
ral Oudinot, the French commander, directed his
. operations against Mount Janiculum, by which the
city was commanded. The siege commenced on the
4th of June, and by the 12th about 70 yards had
been gained on the ramparts and six batteries were
ready to open lire. General Oudinot then appealed
to the Republican Government, which refused to
surrender, on the night of the 22d the batteries
opened fire, and on the 30th a general assault was
made, resulting In the surrender of the'eity on the
same day.
The Enrly History of Rome.
The city of Rome, according to the common tra
dition, which Is now admitted by all the best autho
rities to be entirely fabulous, was founded by Ro
mulus about seven and a half centuries before the
birth of Christ. It was originally a Pelasglc town,
upon the Palatine Hill, and the city was formed by
the nnion of Rome with the Sabines and Etruscans,
who inhabited the neighboring hills. This union
was consummated In the establishment of a perfect
constitutional State during the reign or Servius
Tullius, about five and a half centuries before
Christ. Rome appears to have become a republic
about the year 610 B. C. Then ensued a long
Struggle between the patrielan and plebeian classes,
during which the latter gradually gained in power.
In 390 B. O. Rome was taken by the Gauls, who
sacked the city and left It in ruins. After
the city was rebuilt it advanced In power and im
PDitanee, and successfully contended with the
neighboring Italian tribes, annexing their territory
and laying the foundation of future Roman great
ness. About the year 261 B. C. the Romans were
masters -of all Italy, and proceeded to direct their
arms against Carthage In a contest for the supre
macy in the Mediterranean, The Punic wars re
milted in the capture and destruction of Carthage
by Sciplo Afrlcanus, and Rome found herself with
out a rival. A career of conquest was then com
menced, and the Roman soldiers made themselves
masters of all the portions of Europe, Asia, and
Africa bordering upon the Mediterranean, besides
pushing their conquests to such remote regions as
Britain. Internal dissensions began to distract the
Roman State about the year 133 B. C, and the civil
wars of Sylla and Marius ami Caesar and
Pompey resulted In tho downfall of the Republic,
and, alter the assassination of Julius Caesar, in the
establishment of an Imperial government, with the
general of the array, elected by tho soldiers, as the
oliief ruler. Under the emperors the boundaries of
the Roman possessions were enlarged, until they la
eluded the whole of the known world, while the city
itself reached a magnificence that has never been
paralleled. In the year 830 A. D. Constantlae
tiansferred the seat of government to Byzantium
and the ascendancy of Rome was at an end. Con
stantine divided the empire on his death between
hl9 three sons, but the final division between
the Byzantine Empire and the Western Empire was
not made until 395, when the sons of Theodosius
the Great established entirely separate govern
lnents. In the year 402 occurred the invasion of
Alario, and after that the Italian peninsula was con
stantly subjected to the incursions of the northern
barbarians. Corrupt within and assailed from with
out, the Western Empire fell in 470, when Odoacer.the
leader of the barbarians, overthrew the last vestige
of Roman power. Since then Rome has been of
importance to the world as the city of the Popes.
Rome at the Present Day.
Rome is about sixteen miles in circumference ; it
is walled around with sixteen gates, opening luto
public roads in all directions. The river Tiber,
which divides it into two unequal portions, is crossed
by four large stone bridges. The city Is divided into
fourteen regions or presidencies, each having over
it some citizen of note to act as a sort of justice of
thepesce. For religious purposes Rome Is divided
into ttfty-nlne parishes. There are 351 churches In
Rome ; 100 monasteries inhabited by monks belong'
lng to 61 religious orders. Each of tiiese convents
has a church attached to it. The number of senilna'
rles and colleges is 49, the most noteworthy of
which are the German, French, Irish, English,
Scotch, American, and the College of the Propa
ganda Fide, where all the nations of the earth
are represented among the inmates. There
are also several universities and places of secular
instruction, and a number of hospitals for the treat
ment of all mental and bodby diseases, with a
great number of charitable institutions of all kinds.
The population of Rome has been steadily Increase
leg since 1967. According to the official statistics
published by the Papal Government for 1SCT, the
i, umber of inhabitants In that year was 215,673, an
Increase of 46sa since 1866. In 1868 the population
was 17,378, among whom were 4650 Israelites, 457
non-Catholics, and 6429 persons belonging to the
citrgy. There are In Rome 84 resident cardinals.
36 b;shcps, and an Immense number of prelates of
various dignities and offices in tribunals, congrega-r-tj.
Gwtrtaiett places, tr In attendance at the
rapal Court. The secular clergy is composed of
8297 priests of various grades; the regular of 29 H
monks, In which are included a great number of
lay brothers, who live In convents and wear the
habit. The number of nuns is about 2215.
The lay population of Rome consists of a numerous
nobility, all of whom live in great splendor; of real
estate owners and those addicted to land culture ;
of advocates and attorneys, whose functions are
quite distinct, differing both in dignity and Import
ance, though they both belong to the profession of
lawyers; of men of letters as well as professor J of
science and literature in all their branches ; of stu
dents in the various colleges ; of a large number of
artists and amateurs ; of employes of the Govern
ment, physicians and others. The rest of the popu
lation is made np of mechanics and workmen of all
sorts. A very largo proportion of this class are
domestics, men at service, permanently employed to
perform duties in the houses of cardinals, prelates,
and the rich citizens. Of the city population 7360
are in the military service of the Pope.
There are comparatively few shopkeepers and
merchants in Rome only enough to supply the
wants of its inhabitants for the necessities or com
forts of life. But the Jews, who are generally well-to-do
people and addicted to commerce, furnish the
Inhabitants with almost everything they have use
for, especially in the line of dry goods. Their num
ber is 4650. They live together in a separate quar
ter assigned to them in the city, where they have a
synagogue. The beggars are estimated to number
between two and three thousand.
STRASBUKOAKD TAKIS.
A fiernmn Military Writer on Their Powers
oi iicniHinnce.
The following extract from a letter of the well-
known military writer, Julius Von Wickede, has a
special Interest In connection with the news from
Strasburg and Paris:
We are now besieging and bombarding Strasburg
and Metz, beyond all doubt the two strongest fort
resses of France. These immense strongholds have
menaced the peace and security of Germauy, par
ticularly the former.and it is therefore deemed of. the
highest Importance that they should be captured
and remain In our permanent possession. A fair
number or neavy siese-guns nave already arrived
before Strasburg. The Prussian 24-pounders are
excellent and very effective ; they have a wide range,
and as Boon as the distance has been correctly
ascertained (which is generally the case after two or
three trial shots), their fire Is as accurate and telling
as ran ne reasonaoiy aesireu. in regard to stras
burg, it would not be wise to calculate upon
an immediate capitulation. General Ubirloh,
the commander of the fortress, was formerlv in the
Imperial (iuard, and is an onieeror the highest mili
tary ability, one who will do his duty to the last, and
without any particular regard for the inhabitants of
the city h is called upon to defend. 1 became per
sonally acquainted with him at Varna, during the
Crimean war, when we passed our leisure time In
conversing about military matters, drinking a glass
of light Brussa wine, and playing a game ef domi
noes, i reraemoer wen enougn mat wo repeatedly
touched on the possibility of our confronting each
other as enemies. The brave General did not then
imagine that the strongest array which the second
empire coma Dring into tue ueiu would ie repeatedly
beaten by ns within a fortnight, and that we could
so soon commence the siege of the two most impor
tant French fortresses. The idea that the Germans
would carry the war into French territory seemed
too preposterous to the French, who thought it an
easy task to drive the Prussians beyond the Rhine,
and never expected to meet any serious resistance
until they would reach Maycnce and Cohlentz. All
their preparations show that this was their precon
ceived pian.
But to return to the siege of Strasburg. Although
the commander is a man of undoubted talent,
energy, and bravery, and although the garrison is
composed of select troops, who will fight and defend
the city to the last, I do not believe this fortress will
prove another Sebastopol. The numerous popula
tion of the city, amounting to more than 80,000 in
habitants, will be a serious check to the powers of
resistance anu endurance oi tne garrison, and wui
necessitate a speedier capitulation than could other
wise be anticipated. It is more than probable that
our repeatedly expressed opinion that large and
populous cities are not fit places for fortresses will
obtain additional continuation ere long. The prlnci-
lal objection against tnem is the dlinculty, or rather
ninossibl'ilty, of provisioning them for a long siege.
Of what use are the strongest walls and a great
number of guns, when once famine, with its appal
ling consequences, spreads among a population of
80,d00 souIb? and how can the most energetic com
mander prevent it, and protect his army against its
demoralizing innuence v it is utteny impossioie.
We have read many reports about the immense
fortifications around Paris, and had an occasion to
examine these strongholds a few years ago; and we
readily confess that they are formidable, and were
so previous to the numerous additions and improve
ments which have recently een made. But what
of that? If what we have said above holds good with
a city of 80,000 people, how much more so in regard
to a capital oi neany z,uuu,uuu mnaoitants, ana com
posed of such dangerous and heterogeneous elements
as the population of Paris 7 Some of the Paris news
papers contain an account or the quantities of pro
visions which are said to be stored in that city, and
pretend that the place is fully prepared for a siege
of four months. We feel inclined to think that the
.figures on paper will not correspond with the
amount or stores actually on nana, ana we snouiu
not be at all surprised to find these statements equal
in exaggeration and want of truth to the reports
circulated aliout the strength of the French army,
its armament, equipment, and fitness for field ser
vice. We think that by the time the three Immense
columns of the Herman army snail appear oerore
Paris, all the braggadocio about the defense of that
city to the last will have been silenced by sounder
counsel and cooler lodgment. It would be the cli
max of madness to attempt a defense of Paris under
the existing circumstances.
THE DEFENSES OF PARIS.
niontmnrtre and La Vlllette The Plain of St.
lituia no worn 01 ihiuoiiii.i,
A resident of Paris sends a letter to the Daibi
Loi.ilon Aeu-8. on the 1st Inst., describing some of
the defenses of Paris. He says: "X devoted yes
terday afternoon to an endeavor to rorra some no
tion of what chances Paris would have if It be at
tacked on the northern side. I first drove to Mont-
martre. On the hill there was a formidable battery
or artillery, which would throw balls over the forti-
ucauons ana sweep tue plains oi au uenis. i ne
driver of my nacre tout me mat ne uvea at i.a vn
lette. and ottered to drive me through that working
mens quarter. In its wide streets there were
groups or men in mouses, and an the cabarets were
full of them. They are all out of work,' said the
driver; 'ihey ask for arras to defend the city, but the
Government do not dare to give them muskets, for
ther net er would surrender them before they bad
driven away not only the Prussians, but the Emperor
also.' At tne si. uems gate, tnrougn wuicu we
missed, everything anneared ready lor an attack.
Here, as at the other gates, a trench had been cut
across the road, a loopholed wall about two feet
thick had been built, and earthworks, resembling a
species cr tele ite pmt, nau ueen tarown up. as we
i lneriffd from them the plain of St. Denis, where
Maruiont with a few troops and the Parisian Na
tional Guard bad held the Allies at bay in 1814 for
eight hours, lav before us. to tue right was the
Fort d'Aubervlllters, in front of us St. Oenls, and
jar on to tne leit tne ion oi iu.ont vaienen,
At the villages of Auoervllllers and Cour.
bevoie there were earthworks and batteries.
Having heard that there were several regiments
of the line at St. Denis, and being curious to see
wnat W88 going on mere, i proceeded in mat direc
tion. The town has a strong rampart round it. and.
like Paris, is surrounded by external forts. To
avoid suspicion I drove to the cathedral, and put
myself under the wing of a guardian whose business
it was to show the tombs of the Kings of France.
This worth v man seemed to consider it autte natural
that a stranger should choose tills moment for sight
seeing. Round the outer door of the cathedral was
a group of soldiers, and they accompanied the guar
dian and mj self In our tour inside. The guardian
ma not spare us one wora oi ins -oit-ioia taie," ana
my soldier friends appeared to listen to every sylla
ble that fell from his lips with the deepest respect.
These poor fellows, who no doubt on the field for
battle will fight like heroes, were as peaceful and
as Quiet as a gins' school, as we went in
and out of the church, they dipped their
fingers in the holy water aud crossed
themselves: and if by accident one of them
uttered a word while we were inside, there was a
loud 'hush' from the others. The guardian told me
that every day for the last week he bad shown
,..., ..Vi- I hunHiuin a Jl t 1 4 Ufa nua lia nrttliaUal tin. I
pc v tri wli uuuuitu pwiuivi v v nit? taiiicui au
that they had ail, without exception, behaved in the
same orderly, decent manner, lie said that there
were four regiments in the town, and that for the
last week regiments passing north had succeeded
each other every second day. Along the ma.n street
of the town a large ditch had been cut, with an
t artwork behind lu The ramparts were lined with
ennnon, and trees were being cut down and houses
pulled down within the 'zone nillltalre.' Not only
were the barracks crowded with troops, but in one
of the squares a regiment was encamped under
tents. From St. Denis I drove through Argenteull
and Courbevote, The country in this direction
is divided into market gardens and vineyards,
in the gardens and the vineyards I saw neither
men nor women. In the towns, although
the shops were still open, all the houses were shut
up, except where the furniture was being place I la
vans to ba taken to Parts. All the villas were de
serted. At Courbevole there were two regiments.
I returned to Paris by Neutlly. At the gate of
Neulily the work of demolition within tho military
zone had commenced, and, in a day or two, all the
condemned houses around the fortifications will be
leveled. As I drove down the Champs Elysees, I
noticed the number of soldiers who were lounging
and sitting about. As far as I could make out, there
were three of them for every civilian. Having a
little more spare time on my hands, I passed through
Paris, and went to the camp or St. Maur. On both
Bides of the road squads of conscripts in new uni
forms were being drilled. At St, Maur there was a
large park of artillery, and several regiments of the
line were camped where a few days ago I had seen
the Gardes Mobiles."
THE TERRIBLE UHLANS.
Acts or Violence The War Annnmlnir at'hai
meter ol fr ury and Extermination.
Captain Jeannerod, the correspondent of L
Temv. writing from Mezleres-Charlevllle. alter the
battles at Metz, of the conduct of the German
troops, says that the reports of the Prussian doing!
are necessarily much exaggerated, but that Isolated
acts of violence have occurred, to which the alarm
felt is in some degree traceaoie. nere is an inci
dent which he relates illustrative of these exagge
rations: "A Prussian soldier was lying on the gronnd in a
field ; a doctor, near at hand, bandaged his wounls,
ana, naving nnisnea, was amnio to mount nis norse,
when a I'hian came up and shot him through the
head with a pistol. Enormous as this seems, it must
be true, for every wnere 1 have heard the same storv.
One of my Informants was an old dragoon of the
uuiira, one oi tne rare survivors or .nis regiment,
which was annihilated in the battle of the 10th.
We have been crushed.' ho said, 'but each cne or
us had Btruck down three; and now, since they have
urea upon me aoctors. no more quarter i i met one
this morning, lost In a wood. He had thrown away
his gun, crying, "Friend,' friend 1' "No friend,"' I re
plied, and ran my sword through his body.'
Some Chasseurs d'Afrique have also declared
in my presence, -jno more quarter.'
Evidently the war between the two armies
is assuming a character or fury and
of extermination. The Uhlan will deserve,
after this war, to hold the same rank in the Prussian
army as the Zouave does with us. 'The Uhlans are
everywhere.' sal J a young peasant to me. Mounted
upon excellent horses, four or five of them arrive in
a village, and the whole canton knows that evening
that the Prussians have arrived, though the corps
d'armee may be 15 kilometres on". But that is un
known; and nence the dread or nring upon these
four or live Uhlans, lest, for a single enemy thus
dispatched, a whole commune might be put to fire
and sword. So much for the terror produced by
Prussian arms; but they also know how to caress the
people. In the environs of Metz, nothing is spoken
of but the Prussian organization, and the facility
with which It adapts itself, for the moment, to the
local customs oi tne country mat is invaded, u ney
have even gone so far as to promise
to the employes of the Sarreguemlncs Railroad to
maintain them on their present footing, though this
is very superior to the condition of similar employes
in Rhenish Prussia. In the towns, small and large,
wherever their conduct will be talked of, the same
dexterous handling is shown. Half from policy,
half from natural inclination, the conduct of the
enemy in certain localities has left nothing to be
complained or. as against tne villages burnt on
the hills or Gravelotte, other cases were cited
where tne mnamtants were quickly reassured. A
young peasant girl said before me that It was wrong
to be frightened; that tho enemy had been very
gentle and considerate had taken nothing, but con
tented themBlves with asking for what they wanted
and paying what was asked. And the peasant girl
added one thing widcli was very sad, but which
ought to oe maue xirmvn: "
"Our soldiers did a great
deal more mischief.' "
THE MARSEILLAISE.
"That Seditious Nans"-Its Musical Effect
I lion the Excitable French.
A correspondent of a London Journal gives tho
following account of M. Creraleux or tho French
Provisional Government, and a public assemblage
wnicn ne auenaeu. naving stated mat me subject
or M. Cremieux's speech was "The Marscllaise
Hvmn," the writer proceeds:
M. Cremieux is now seventy-four, though his voice
and spirited bearing showed no symptoms of this
advanced age, and no less than fifty years ago he
made his first hit as a rising advocate by his defense
of rour prisoners accused or singing that seditious
song, the "Marseillaise." From a book recording
the history of his triumph, M. Cremieux read to the
audience (or rather delivered over again it was
given with so much gusto and spirit) his speech as a
young barrister of twenty-four, describing with
great naivete how he horrified the Judge, but charmed
and conciliated the jury, by reading in full Court
the "seditious song'' with all the emphasis and
fire of which he was capable committing himself
in fact, as it were, over again the
verv crime with which the client he was defending
was charged. However, the ruse answered its pur.
pose, i ne veruici was a triumpuant acquittal, ana
M. Cremieux was thenceforth a made man. The
jury could not have been more pleased with the
young advocate than the Porte St. Martin audience
were with the veteran or 74, and M. Cremieux ran
apparently some risK oi being encoiea, when he was
rescued from this trying compliment by tho advance
or Mad'lle Agar to sing the song he had just been
discoursing upon the Martteillaie. Her voice was
not very reniarKame eituer tor sweetness or
strength, but her management or it was good, and
her play of feature singularly striking aud impres
sive. Her dress was that or the elasslcal Goddess
of Liberty a tunic of simple white dropping loosely
over ner ngure, tne expressive movements or which
It neither fettered nor concealed, and leaving the
arms bare. Her long black hair falling dishevelled
down her shoulders, and dark eyes full of the fire or
enthusiasm, gave her almost the appearance or one
inspired, and whea at the last stanza she grasped
the tricolor flag, and, kneeling down, hair shrouded
herself in its rolds, the entire audience, which filled
every corner and crevice or the theatre from gallery
to Door, rose to their feet simultaneously as by the
same impulse, and with oue voice burst into that
most magnificent of popular refrains, the "Aux
airues, citoyeus!"
yOTES OF THE WAR.
The Condition of Metz.
The correspondent of the London Telegraph,
writing from Carlsruhe on August 2i, says:
It is evident from the care witU which the troops
have been disposed around Metz, that Marshal lia
zalne, with ail that remains or his army, is still
safely enclosed within the walls. The town is now
completely blockaded. On the eastern side General
Stelnmetz commands with the 1st and 7th Army
Corps; on the north are the Saxons (12th Army
Corp.) lilie Saxous were detached against Mac-Ma-hon.
Hd. Tribune); and Prince Frederio Charles,
witithe2d, 8d, 4th, 8th, 9th, loth, and 1 1th Army
Gorps, together with the Guards ithe Guards were
in reserve at the battle of Sedan JScU Tribune, en
circle It on the south and west. Putting the
army of Marshal Bazaine at 100,000 men, and
the original garrison at, say, 10,000, we have a total
of llo.O1 o troops ; add to this number 40,ooo sick and
wounded, and 60,0110 inhabitants of the town and
surrounding districts, now within the walls, and we
see that there must be at least 200.000 men to be fed
within the beleaguered town of Metz. With all sup
plies cut off, it is impossible that It can hold out
many days. What is to become of the army? Relief
is out or the question. Father It must cut its way
through and make good lta escape, or speedily be
reduced by want, disease; and famine. Alnwdy de
serters describe the state or things existing there as
terrible in the extreme. Metz is not a large place;
there may have been lood enough to last the garri
son ror some time, but, with the geat accession to
their numbers that lias taken place, their supplies
will soon be exhausted.
JUallwajs tn the War.
Calculations published in the Hanoverian papers
enable us to realize the part played by railways la
the present war. A train has a carrying capacity or
one battalion of Infantry, or one squadron of cav
alry, or a half battery ot artillery. For a complete
field artillery regiment thirty-two trains would be
requisite, the artillery park occupying thirty-seven.
The number needed to convey an entire army corps
may be computed at from 130 to 160, and an army of
from ten to twelve corps would employ between 1300
and 1600 trains. The despatch of tiiese, upon five
main lints of railway, would occupy twelve days,
averaging dally from tweutv-three to twenty-seven
trains; hitherto the despatch or from twenty to
twenty-four such trains has f uby tasked the ordinary
forwarding powers of a German railway. On the
present occasion, three main lines only being avail
able, it has been necesbary to send off daily an ve
rage of fifty trains.
SECOND EDITION
THE WAR IN EUROPE.
Jules Favre's Mission.
Disaster Preferred to Dishonor.
No Hope of Peace.
The Armistice Report Denied.
LATE DOMESTIC PJEWS
Itfitro-GIycerine Explosion.
Flnmicifvl and Oomineroinl
Etc. Etc., Etc., Etc., Etc.
FROM EUROPE.
Jolts Favre's Official Circular The Position
of the Mew Republic An Appeal to Foreign
Nations.
Paris, Sept. 19. The Official Journal of the
Jiepublic yesterday contained a circular of
Jules Favre to the representatives of France In
other countries, of which tho following are the
chief points:
He explained why the elections for members
of the Constituent Assembly had been Qxed at
an earlier date than was at first proposed. Ob
jection had been made that the present Provi
sional Government at Paris was not regu
lara fact that we were forced
to admit. The urgency of the case is
also presented in strong language. It was the
first duty of the Government to defend the soil
and preserve its honor, and then return the
delegated powers of the people without vio
lence. Nothing is to expected from Prussia.
Iltr supreme will and exaltation at success are
irretonciable with calm impartiality and states
manship. Two hundred thousand victims have
already been sacrificed to her ambition, in this
impious war, and it is certain she will dictate to
France conditions that this momentary and
incompetent Government should not accept.
Hence we convoke an assembly freely chosen to
decide.
What we ask now is, only to give the country
our hearts and our blood. Then let France de
cide not our transient authority, but immortal
France, raising itself to confront Prussia.
France, 'released from tho winding sheet of
Empire; France, free and generous, is ready to
immolate Itself for right and liberty. Disavow
ing all those exalted political ideas of the old
government, France has now no higher anibi
tion than to remain mistress of herself, in order
tq,develop her moral and material resources,
and labor fraternally with her neighbors in the
development of civilization.
It is this Franco, recovering its free action,
that now aeks for a cessation of the war. But
she will prefer a thousand fold disasters to dis
honor. The very ones who awoke the storm
now falsely say tho country is willing to yield.
This may mislead abroad, but not here. France
wifihes prosperity, commerce, and civilization,
but prefers disaster to dishonor. It is the duty
of France to repair as far as possible the evils
of the past government. The elections last year
were illusive. France never voted for war with
Prussia. No honest man In Europe thinks so.
To the power now seeking to crush us, we
must oppose a desperate resistance until the
nation is able to speak through the Donstitucnt
Assembly, freely chosen. "Make the powers
understand this," adds Favre, "mankind must
admire but pity the spectacle of Paris, without
looking to the right or left or backwards, but
with its eyes fixed on the great and simple duty
of defeating its firesides and its freedom."
Important Despatches froui I,ord Lyons.
Touns, Sept. 19. Yesterday a courier from
the English Cabinet reached Rouen, carrying
Important despatches to Lord Lyons. The rail
ways were cut and the courier was obliged to
go forward on foot. There has been continuous
fighting around Paris.
ftl. Thiers Gone to HI. Petersburg.
London, Bept. 19. The steamer Jeroino Na
poleon, with M. Thiers on board, has gone to
St. Petersburg.
Tho Reported Armistice Unfounded.
London, Sept. 19. The repot ted armistice is
said to be unfounded, nor are peace prospects
any better.
This fflornloa's tluotatlons.
London, Kept. 1911-30 A. M. Consols for money,
82 Ji, and for account, W4. American securities
Bteady. U. f. 6-208 of lb62, 90; of 1805, o.d, S'J V ;
of lbOT, 6S,V; 10-408, 85. blocks firm. Erie
Kanroad, lbx; Illinois central, 113; ureal west
ern, 83tf.
Ljvkhi'OOL, Sept. 19 U-30 A. M. Middling up
lands, 8J,d. ; iniddilDg Orleans, O'.d. The sales arc
estimated at feutiO ba'es.
California wheat, los. lieu western, s. 4ass. cu.
reas, B&s. d.
London, Sept. 19. Spirits Turpentine Arm.
Antwkkf, Kept, 19. I'ctioleum opened quiet and
steady.
This Allernoon's tluotatlons.
London. Sept 19136 P. Ji. Consols 92 'i for
both money and account. American securities
steady.
Liverpool, bept. 19 130 P. M. Red Western
Wheat, 8s. 6(1. ; red winter, 9s. tid. Port dull. Lard
firmer, 73s. od. Heef, HQs.
Favre's mission-I)lttirs Preferred to DIs
lioner TUe t rench Nation Nl at Fault.
I'akis, Sppt. IS. The Journal Ofilciel to-day pub
lishes a circular from Jules Favre concerning
France's representations abroad, llo calls atten
tion to the significance of the earlier date named for
the convocation of the Constituent Assembly : savs
the first duty or the Government is to derend the
soil. It Is objected that tho tljverument is irregular
and without power. This is admitted, and lor this
reason is the Assembly convoked.
France has demanded the cessatlo or the war,
but prefers disaster to dishonor. It is bad faith on
the part of those who declare war to assert that
they were forced to do bo by a majority of the na
tion. The Assemblv annlauded Gramont's warlike de
clarations, but some weeks before also applauded
ollnler's peaceful utterance The majority, crea
tures of personal favoritism, considered themselves
bound to support even their most perilous contra
dictions. They refused an examination, anl voted
blind confidence, llenee the irremediable misfor
tune. Europe is challenged to demonstrate that the
nation, if conversant with anairs, would have de
clared war against Prussia. The Provisional Gov
ernment does not deny the national responsibility
of tolerating a government which was destroying
the nation. Such a government is overthrown. It
Is a national obligation to repair the evil done.
Nevertheless, if Prussia is determined to crush
France, she will meet with a desperate resistance,
and the world will understand that Prussia desires
the destruction of a nation which is represented by
en assembly freely elected.
The nation is armed and aroused and determined
to defend its soil and Independence.
The Minister of the Interior nas Issued a circular
to the prelects and a decree for tho lmmedlata elec
tion of a municipal council.
News from IMetx A Pncknsre of Letters Sent
Out by the Resleaed In a Halloon.
Paris, Sept. 18. The Prefect of Neurchatel tele-
fraphed yesterday morning that a small balloon had
een found the previous evening, w hich contained a
package or soldiers' letters, dated September 10, ad
dressed to the soldiers' families. There was also a
slip of paper, signed by (lencral Cofllnlercs, com
mandant or Meta, which slated that the troops in
that city were in good condition, and their health
excellent. Tho blockade established by tho Prus
sians was admitted to be effective, and their oniy
means or communication with tho outside world
was by balloons. This balloon was the second thev
had sent out. X. 1'. Tribun..
FROM TUE WEST.
Nltro-Glycerlne Explosion.
Painesville, Ohio, Sept. 18 One of the
magazines belonging to the Lake Shore Nitro
Glycerlne Company, located at Fairport, Ohio,
exploded about ten o'clock this evening. It
contained about three thousand pounds of nitro
glycerine. No lives were lost. It seems to have
been the work of an incendiary. Some damage
was done to the adjacent buildings. The amount
of loss is not known.
IMPORTANT LETTER FROM CHIEF
JUSTICE CHASE.
Why Jefferson Davis' Trial was Delayed Is
the Chief-Justice Ambitions Mever for Im
mediate amnesty.
From the N. Y. Tribunt to-day.
Washington, Bept. 19, 1S70. Tho rollowlng letter
rrom Chief Justice Chase has already attained such
publicity that I am fully warranted in transmitting
It to you for publication. At the same time, it is
proper that I should advise you or my uncertainty
as to whether the persons who have already given
It out ror publication elsewhere had received the
proper authority or the writer for this use of a pri
vate letter.
To the Hon. T. W. Conway.
My Dear Sir: I have received your kind letters,
and am much obliged for the information thev con
vey. I am particularly touched by the proofs they
stl'ord of the attachment and coniidence or tho
colored people. I have always said that to possess
the true ail'ection nnd respect or the poor and the
oppressed Is a worthier object or ambition than any
oiilclal position, even the highest. In that ambition
1 am glad to know I am not likely to be disap
pointed. I may be mistaken, but I really believe
that 1 have been credited with more ambition ror
place than I fceU Not that I possess any uncom
mon indifference to the gratification derived from
distinction, but, to me, great place has always
Feemed chielly valuable as great opportunity ror use
ful service.
No one can foresee the future. Congress has ad
journed, and the members have gone home to conrer
with their const ituents. When they return, I pre
sume they will take hold or their work vigorously.
Opinions differ as to what is best to be done. On
one point there is little real division. All seem
agreed that the reconstruction policy of Congress
must be ardently pursued, and that the earliest pos
sible restoration of the Southern States to their old
relations, upon the basis of universal suffrage and
equal rights, is most desirable. I feci more anxiety
on this point than any other, because, this point
onco secured, all others may be reckoned as se
cured. The rights of labor, and the interest or
labor, are at the basis or all sound policy, and
nothing is so Important to theirs as the rlgr.t to vote
ror the laborer. Sincerely yours,
S. P. ClIASK.
P. S. I have never advocated universal suffrage
and immediate amnesty to all. 1 have said that
universal suffrage would reconcile comprehensive
lenity with tranquillity and prosperity. I would
have no more disfranchisement after the complete
etiiaoiiHiiuient 01 universal sunrage man is abso
lutely nccescary to secure the new order of things,
and the new State constitutions against overthrow.
Those lately in rebellion have no more right to
destroy the country by ballots than by bullets.
As to the trial of Jefferson Davis, the amount and
kind of misrepresentation is astonishing. The facts
are simple. 1 neither seek nor shun the responsi
bility of trying anybody. (My purpose Is to domv
duty as a Judge, honestly and faithfully, turning
neither to the right nor the left.) While military
authority was supreme lathe South, as an incident
of the war, aud anybody could be tried by military
commission, no Justice of the Supreme Court could
properly hold a court there. This state of things
lasteu iroru ueiore 1110 surrender or i.ee, in April,
1805, till the final suppression of the Rebel
lion was proclamed, in 1SC0. Meantime,
in July, 1800, an act of Congress, by
changing the Circuits, had deprived the
Justices of the Supreme Court of jurisdiction in the
Southern Mates, ana jurisdiction was not restored
nutll March, 1SC7, when Congress passed tho
necessary act Of course, from July, i860, to March,
1867, neitner the Chief Justice, nor any othar Jus
tice, could try anybody in Virginia. Any editor of.
any newspaper would have as much right. At tho
time the act or March, 1807, was passed, the
Supreme Court was Bitting in Washington, aud the
Chief Jut tice was bound to be there, but lie wrote to
the District Judge at Richmond, Va , that he would
comedown and join him la holding the Court, as
soon as the Supreme Court adjourned in May. Jef
ferson Davis, however, was brought belore the Dis
trict Judge and balled In May, oerore the Supreme
Court adjourned. This seems to have been done
by a sort or consent, and it was done without any
conference with the Chief Justice, and was a mat
ter of which lie had no coutroL The counsel on
both sides were informed by the District Judge that
tho Chief Justice would como In a few days;
and if a trial had been deflred on either
side, it could have been then had in that
very month or May. In October, isti7, an
adjourned term having been apooiuted to be
held at Richmond on the lotti or November, the
Chief Justice caused the parties to be notitled that
he would at tend at that time, in order that tin; trial
might take place, ir parties were willing, lie did
accordingly attend, but tho parties were not ready.
This was in November, 1867. Since then the Chlcr
J lut ice has been obliged to attend the Supreme
Court at Washington. 0110 thing Is certain, there
has been no term at Richmond since the
capitulation or Lee, which the enter Justice
could have attended, at which he has not at
tended ; and another thing is clear, that the trial of
Jefferson Davis might at any time have taken p.a:e,
that is, since his capture in May, 1S&5, either by
military commission, wheu military commissions
were being held fui the trial or offenders under the
authority of the President, or by a court held by the
District Judge. The Chief Justice, therefore, is in
no sense or 111 the least degree responsible for tha
delay which has taken place. I'util last May ho
could uot try him, and since then he has always
been ready. B. P. Cua.'JI.
Washli gton. Jan. 1. 18(H.
MARK TWAIX'S WAR MAI1.
.Merit's First Attempt In the Art i.lne-Ofilclal
( ouiiueudatlons, t.li'.
The Buffalo Kxjiresa of Saturday has a wonderful
war map, drawn and eDgraved by Mark Twain,
with explanations by the artist. Appended aro
some recommendations which the work has re
ceived. TO THE HEADER.
The idea or this map is not original with me, but
is ix)i rowed from the U'f ibuii and the other great
metropolitan journals.
1 claim no other merit ror this production (ir I may
so call it) than that it Is accurate. The maiu blemish
ol the city paper maps, or which it is au imitation,
is that in them more attention seems paid to
artistic plcturesqueness than geographical re
liability. , , . i
Inasmuch as this is the first time I ever tried to
draft and engrave a map, or attempt anything in
the line of art at all, the commendations the work
has received aud the admiration It has excited
among the people, have been very grateful to my
fe..ii.,oH And it is touching to reflect that by far
the most enthusiastic of these praises have come
from people who know nothing at all about art.
jiy an uuiinDortapt oversight 1 have engraved the
map ao that it reads wrong-eud first, except t left
bauded people. I forgot that in order to make it
right in print it should be drawn and engraved up
side down. However, let the student who desires to
contemplate the map stand on his bead or hold It
before her looking-glass. That will bring it right.
The reader will comprehend at a glance that that
piceof river with the "High Drldgts" over it got
left out to one side by reason of a slip of the graving
tool which rendered it necessary to change the en
tire course of the river Rhine or else spoil the map.
After having spent two days In digging and gouging
st the map, I would have changed the course of the
Atlantic Ocean before I would have lost so much
woik.
I never had so much trouble with anything In my
l'fe sail did with this map. I had heaps or little for
tifications scattered all around Parts, at first, but
every now and then my instruments would slip and
fetch away whole miles of batteries and leave the
vicinity as clean as if the Prnsslans had been there.
The reader win find it well to frame this map for
future rererence, so that it may aid in extending
popular Intelligence and dispelling the wide-spread
Ignorance or the day. Mark Twain.
OFFICIAL COMMENDATIONS.
'It is the only map or the kind I ever saw.
"U. s. grant."
"It places the situation In an entirely new ligh
"Bismarck."
"1 cannot look upon It without shedding tears.
"Brigham YOUN."
"It is very nice, large print. Napoleon.''
"My wire was ror years afflicted with rreckles, and
though everything was done for her relief that could
be done, all was In vain. But, sir, since her first
glance at your map, they have entirely left her. she
has nothing but convulsions now. J. Smith."
"If I had had this map I could hav got ont of
Metz without any trouble. Bazainb."
"I have seen a great many maps In my time, but
none that this one reminds me of. TROcniV
"It is bnt fair to say that in some respects It Is a
truly remarkable map. v. T. Shkraian."
"I said to my son Frederick William, 'ir you could
only make a map like that, I would be perfectly
willing to see you die even anxious.
"William IIL"
)VLtA.;ti,U AKi) COJUIERCC.
BvxNiNd Tkucorapb (mot,)
, ... Monda, Sept. 1H. IHU. f
The week opened tills morning on a rather
lively money market, both on business and
speculative account. The banks still prefer to
lend on call, for very obvious reasons, as they
can readily obtain 6 per cent., which Is all the
law allows them, whilst still keeping control of
their means, with ample securities in hand be
sides. This is embarrassing to business men
who are forced on the street in times of pressure
and made to pay 8(j?;9 per cent, for favors, or
else to do without them. The market to-day, so
far, has been very steady, but without material
change in rates.
Gold is steady, and a fraction weaker. Sales
ranged up to noon between 113 and 113..
There is very little speculation either for a rise
or fall.
Government bonds are decidedly active, nnd
a further advance lu prices is noticed in response
to a similar movement In London and increased
purchases by tho Treasury on account of the
special fund.
In local stocks there was a fair degree of ac
tivity, but prices are sllirbtlv off. City 0s sold
at 101Jfi01. Sales of "Lehigh gold loan
at 89.
In Reading Railroad there were only small
sales, ranging from 4S;'0'iiS. Small sales of
Pennsylvania at 59K: Camden and Amboy at
114i115 b. o.; and Lehigh Valley at dS. 3
b. o. was bid for Catawlssa preferred; 4t b. o.
for Oil Creek and Allegheny; nnd 27 for Phila
delphia and Erie.
In the balance of the list the only sales were
in Union Canal stock at ?
PHILADELPHIA STOCK EXCHANGE SALES.
Reported by Do Haven A Bio., No. 40 S.Third street.
FIRST BOARD.
Iioo City 6s, New. 10 1
iooo do 101
tcoo do Is.l0l
14000 Pa 6s 2 m...i03!4
4snCam A AmR.lUV
1 ao r)3.ii4'i
100 do.... -.030.115
100 do b3().ll5
GsaLeh Val R... ssv
$ioooNFenna7s... o-Hi'
t-2000 Leh gold L. . . . 89 ; '
11 do. b5. &sv
U00shRead..ls.bl3. 4SX
60 do.s5wn.trf. Is. 4v
89 do 45
100 do e. 43-44
si renna it
soo ah Union CI.. Is. ?
looslWIestjnville.o U
JatCookk St Co. quote Government secnrMes as
follows: U. 8. 6s Of 1831, 113 viu; B-20s Of 1662,
ll'iiiWHU; do. 1804, 111 MUl'i; do. :0V. IMS
WitU2hi; do. do., July, liO'idllOj do. da,lt67.
1104S110V; do. 1364, llOVUIUl; 10-408, 100'i
lOG: Pacifies, ill 'ioui1,'. Gold, 118;,'. .
Messrs. William Fainter a Co., No. 36 s. Third
street, report the following quotations : U. S. 6s of
1881, 113(4114; 6-208 011362, lia?i113: do. 164.
111M111M; do. 1S6S, ll2(3U8f; da, July, 1666,
110?(ajn0;'ij do., July, 1307, lioanov ; do. July,
1868, noilo,'4' ; es 10-40, loo.(3ioo v ; U. S. Pacific
RR. C'y. 6s. 111(8.113. Gold. 113(4114.
Messrs. Ds Haven & Brothkr, No. 40 s. Third
Street, Philadelphia, report the rollowlng quotations :
U. S. 68 Of 1881, 113.V113?f I do. 1862, lH.i,f112'i, i
do. 1864, lllJinX J do. 1365, lll112'f ; do, 1865,
new, noxiAW( i do. 13CT, do. 110$110 V ; do. 1868,
do. 110.110Ji ; 10-408, 106106. U. 8. 30 Year
6 per cent Currency, 111 Kaintf. Gold, 113Vail4:
Silver, loscaill; Union Pacitlo Railroad 1st Mort.
Bonds, 8OM820; Central Pacific Railroad, 885S05;
Union Pacifio Land Grant Bonds, Tls&UQ.
Philadelphia Trade Report.
Monday, Sept. 19 The Flour market continues in
a dull and unsatisfac tory condition, there being no
demand except from the home consumers, who
purchased a few hundred barrels, including super
fine at 58 60; extras at 5-505 75; Iowa, Wis
consin and Minnesota extra family at 10,36-75;
Pennsylvania do., do., at lO-soT; Ohio do. do. at
ta-37);I; and rancy brands at flSSwt, as in
quality. Rye Flour cannot be quoted over .v 13. In
Corn Meal nothing doing.
The Wheat market is devoid or spirit, but holders
Cf prime, particularly, are firm in their views, bales
of Pennsylvania red at ft-32i$l'34; Indiana do. at
11-340 1-35; amber at l-40l-45; white at l-4B;l-60;
and 1200 bushels Spring at l-2T. Rye ranges from
t6a to 88c. per bushel for Western. Corn is in limited
request at former quotations. Sales of 2000 bushels
at 95(3,970. for Pennsylvania yellow; 93'ff,94:. for
Western do. ; and ssoje. ror low and hlgh'Western
mixed. Oats are firm si the recent advance. Siles
of 2500 bushels at 64 a 55c. for white Western and
Pennsylvania. 20oo bushels Western Bailey sold on
private terms.
60 bushels prime Timothy sold at $5-25.
Bark is held at 1J7 per ton for No. 1 Quercitron.
Whisky is dull. W e quote Western iron-bound
at 89C
Philadelphia Cattle Market.
Monday, Sept. 19. The market for the better de
scnpiioi b of Beef Cattle was again quite active
to-day, and under the iniluenceof a light supply full
figures were realized, but of common the offerings
were large, and in tho absence of much Inquiry
prices were weak, and wo quote choice at 9no:.,
fair to good at 7x8c, and common at 5 o;0 i. per
lb., gross. The receipts were again large, reaching
:ir,34 head. The following sales were reported :
ran.
fu Owen Smith, Western, 79,V.
36 W. Toole, do., 77,-.
90 A. Christy, do., 7in9.
60 James Christy, do., 8.'.ii9.
61 Dengler & McC'leesc, do., 63.
173 P. McFlllen, do , 6(3.
94 P. Llathaway, do, 7s8.
119 James iS. Kirk, do., 7(S,'j.
40 li. V. McFillen, do., 7(i.8.
200 Janu s McFillen, do., 7(8jtf.
i83 K 8. McFillen, do., 7X(g9.
11.2 Ulinian a Bachman, do., 7;i.10.
625 J. J. Martin & Co., do., 6.
94 Mooney 4 Miller, do., 7iaKV
S6 Thomas Moouey A Bnt., do., fiX'S V.
166 H. I ham, do., 6&1X.
61 Joseph Chain, do., 6XfrS.
120 J. & L. Frank, do , e.'Si,'.
w) (Jus. hichamberg, do., l)i&9.
122 Hope Jk Co., do., 6i4S.
63 H. Frank, da, 7 is) 8.
10 B. Baldwin, do., 7tf(3 9.
68 James Clenipen, do. 6,V(S8','.
45 A. Kimble, Chester co., ftaSV
16 Jesse Miller, do.. 6(8.
SO 1 Home, Virginia, 6ut 7.
40 Thomas Dully, do., 7c 8 '.r.
loo John McArdle, Western, 6g9't'.
110 R, Maynes, do., 6'.ic t
90 James Aull, do., 6u.7.
6 Blum & Co.. do , 7(t 8.
V8 Klcorn & Co., Vngiula, 6(5 8.
Cows aud Calves aain wet a lively inquiry, b it at
slightly reduced prices, bales of 150 head at J5
(. (5.
theepwere a fraction lower and were rmi :a lu
requekt. Hales of 12,000 head at the FarK Drove
Yard at exi6c for good; 20ii per had for
stock ; and 8.490. for Lambs. 6000 dead sol 1 at the
Avenue Yard at M6&
Hogs were inquired after to a considerable extent,
but at lower prices. Sales of Sii'i head at 1 fto.j
13-60, the latter lor com fed.