i
THE DAILY EVENING .-.TBLEORAPII riULADflLPfllA TUESDAY -AUGUST 30, 1870.
MINORITIES.
Have Tliey Any Rights?
i - 1 1 ii ; '
f; l ' ' ' ; ' '" ' ' . r ..
A J ltepresenf atl?e " Reform Ton
vcnlion to be lie hi at Heading i
to Discuss- tlie Ouestion.
The Schemes for , Ensuring Minorities
. their Bights The " SS inoritr
:- clause'' System and the
G-.'i f . 1 '(m l i - ' Ty . , r -
"vuuiuiavivs ...
Their Practical
Operation.
On the fourth of July there was a small
gathering of prominent politicians from dif
ferent 6octions of the State at the Girard House,
in this city, which did not full to attract the at
tention of the more thoughtful classes. The
object of the assemblage was to discuss the
necessity for such a reform in our political sys
tem as would concede to the voters belonging to
the minority party in any plvea district, Con
gressional, legislative or niuniclp.nl, some of the
rights which are denied them by the mere cir
cumstance of being in the minority.
The Rule of the iVlnjorltv
is the fundamental principlo underlying our
governmental polity. Where the people them
selves are the fountain of power, and disagree
ments as to the merit and capacity of men, and
the justice and expediency of measures, are not
only natural but inevitable, the majority; must
rule, When it comes down to the simple ques
tion as to whether Jones or Brown shall be Gov
ernor of a State, thero is no conceivable method
of settling the dispute between the friends of
Jones and Brown save the 6lmple one of num
bers, and if Jones can command a bare majority
of one vote in a fair and honest poll of half a
million, the only security In the enjoyment of
their political rights that the entire half million
voters can expect mnst spring from the peaceful
and graceful acquiescence of the minority in
the result. '
But when the issue is shifted from the filling
of an office the functions of which are to be ex
ercised and can bo exercised by one person
alone at a time, to the selection of the members
of a deliberative body composed of two persons
or more, it assumes a different aspect. The fun
damental, underlying principle is still the same
the majority must rule. But the question
arises as to whether or not the minority are to
be permitted the enjoyment of a voice in its de
liberations which is proportionate to their nu
merical weight.'' Suppose, for example, that a
newly-fledged city out on tho plains starts out
in Us career with a voting population of 500.
Of thetp 300 hundred are good, sound Republi
cans, and the remaining 200 equally good and
sound in .their Democracy. The city council is
to be made up of ten members. If each of the
500 voters proceeds to tho polls and votes for
the ten men of his choice, it is manifest that the
city council will ; stand 10 Republicans to 0
Democrats, and,' as far as matters of taxation,
public improvements,' police regulation, etc.;
are concerned, the 200 Democrats might as well
be so many fence-posts. If the city council is
made up according to the manifest equity of
the case, it will consist of C Republicans to 4
Democrats the Republicans still maintaining
the ascendancy, but being unable to exercise
their power in an arbitrary way and without the
voice of the minority heardjin lricndly (counsel
or earnest expostulation.
The universal custom of the country is to
avoid such a show of gross injustice as we have
premised, by dividing the territory subject to
the jurisdiction of the deliberative assemblage
into two or more districts, each of which elects
oae or more members. By this means, as is
familiar to even' one, absolute unanimity in the
assemblage is generally.althongb not invariably,
avoided,; as it rarely happens that the relative
strength of partisan organizations exhibits a
uniformity throughout a city, county, or 8tate.
Ode of the districts may stand 2 to 1 Republi
can, while in the adjoining district the propor
tions will be reversed; and, taken altogether,
the districts are, usually not so outrageously
gerrymandered as to give the actual minority
in the city, county, or State a round majority of
members in the deliberative assemblage which
is entrusted with 'its legislation. But, while
this is usually the case, it sometimes
happens thatr the actual minority on
the popular vote , secures a majority in
the deliberative assemblage, and it is frequently
the cabe that a mere working majority on the
aggregate vote contrives to secure an over
whelming eta jority in the assemblage. In the
State of Pennsylvania, for example, it is gene
rally understood by those who have looked into
the matter that the Democrats must carry the
State by a majority of at least 20,000 on the
aggregate vote, to give them a bare majority In
both branches of the State Legislature. Just at
present, it happens that this state of affairs is a
good thing so considered, at least for the
Republicans; but the time has been, and the
time may come again,' when the Democracy will
have equal cause for rejoicing at the unfair dis
tribution of the legislative districts. .
, The Wron el minorities.
To show the actual workings of the system In
vogue on a large scale, we will take the returns
of the last Congressional election in our own
State. The action of the House of Reprefeenta
tives in ousting two Democrats to make way for
their Republican opponents disturbs the figures
somewhat, but we bae made the proper allow'
ances for the illegal votes proved, nnd practi
cally the resnlt la unimpaired. Pennsylvania
is entitled to 24 Representatives, and the pre
sent delegation stands 18 Republicans to G De
mocrats. An analysis of the vote at the election
of 1BG8 shows the following:
ReDubllean vote in fie 13 Republican dis
trict '. 203,215
Democratic vote in do. " do 8'27,894
Republican maj. in the 13 Re pub. districts .&,1
Republican vote in the 6 Democratic districts. 60, IS
Df mocratic vote in do. do SW,ltJ3
' Democratic maj. In the fl Dem. districts... 87,t7&
Total Republican vote 829,403
Total Democratic vote., ,...8a,4&
Republican majority in the entire State... 7,944
Aggregate vote 650,C3
Tie average vote of the districts was there'
fore 27,120 each, the largest vote polled belug
In the Twentieth district (Republican), and
reaching 84,846; and the smallest In the Eighth
district (Democratic), which was but 21,210.
The absolute majority of the Republican candi
dates in the State at large being but T.H4, or 20
pe; fjit. iJy cl tic avc:a,;. ve to sac ikp.'c
tentative, It follows that the most equitable divi
sion of the representation of the Slale in Con
gress would be 13 Republicans to 11 Democrats.
But as this would make the delegation a tie,
while the Republicans have a respectable majo
rity on the popular vote, the most reasonable
demands that the Democracy could make would
cause the delegation to stand 13 Republicans to
ll Democrats, instead of 13 of the former to 6 61
the latter, as tho case is. -
Taking the Republican and Democratic dis
tricts apart from each other, we have 203,215
Republicans represented by Id Congressmen
an average constituency of 14,633 Republican
voters; and P1,1C3 Democrats, represented fcy 6
Congressmen an . average constituency - of
15,004 Democratic voters while 227,2 Demo-
cratalnthel8 Republican districts, and CG, 183
Republicans in the 6 Democratic districts, are
without any rcpref en tatloa at all.. No reason- j
able man will claim that the wrong herein done
to the 227,200 disfranchised Democrats is of a
greater or less degree than that which is in
flicted on the 00,188 disfranchised Republicans.
But the defenders of the present system will
insist that the 227,2 Democrats In the 19 Re
publican districts, and the 00,188 Republicans in
the 6 Democratic districts, are represented, as a
matter of fact, by the Congressmen of their own
creed from the districts in which their respec
tive parties are in the majority. This argument,
however, is demolished by another grouping of
the figures.- If the entire Republican vols of
the State, aggregating 20,403, Is to be taken as
fully represented by the 18 Republican members
of the delegation, each of the 13 reprcscuts on
the floor of the House au average constituency
of 18,300 voters; and if the entire Democratic
vote, footing up 821,450, is to be regarded as
fully represented by the C Democratic members,
each of the latter is burdened with aa average
constituency of 53,576 voters, or nearly three
times the number allotted to the Republican
representatives! 'As we have already remarked
in reference to the Legislature, this stata of
affairs is a very consoling one for those who are
anxious to see the supremacy of the Republican
party preserved at all hazards, but there have
been times in this State when the Democracy
could console themselves after the same fashion,
and such times may come again; while at the
present moment there are States in the Union
Maryland and Kentucky, for example in which
the Democracy are thus unequally and unfairly
represented.
The Minority Convention at Reading.
A political system which exhibits such glaring
defects as are illustrated above certainly needs
reformation, and with the view of developing
some tangible method of bringing it about a
convention is to be held at Reading, commen
cing at 11 o'clock to-morrow morning. This
convention is the result of the original gather
ing at the Girard House in this city on tho 4th
of July, and like it is to be held under the aus
pices of prominent Republicans v from the
Democratic Congressional districts of the State,
although thn presence of persons from the Re
publican d Jfrlcts, and of Democratic affiliations
as well, is desired and anticipated. At least
one influential Democrat, ex-Senator Charles R.
Buckalew, is expected to be present, and the,
general attendance of delegates from the coun
ties east of the Alleghenies especially promises
to be good. Mr. Buckalew has given the subject
of the rights and . wrongs of , minorities careful
and thorough attention, and his presence at
Reading will be of inestimable value. The con
vention is to be held-in pursuance of the follow-,
ing call: . .
"A convention of delegates from the several coun
ties of the State of Pennsylvania of such persons only
as are favorable to the movement to secure minority
representation win oe new at me city 01 Heading,
on Wednesday, the Slat day of August next, at 11
o'clock A. M.
The convention wui consist of two delegates for
each representative in the lower houso of the State
Legislature, provided that each county shall be re
presented by at least one delegate, lty order of the
committee. a, .1. aiouk, vnairman.
J. W. w ood, Secretary.
"Aixektowk, Pa., July IT, 1970."
In the' address which accompanied this call
occurred the following pertinent passages: ,
"The Republicans of Pennsylvania who live la
counties In which they are in tho minority number
one hundred and, twenty-five thousand voters, more
man one-iuira 01 ine w 11010 Republican vote, 'iney
own ami control very large and varied material In
terests, requiring the cure and protection afforded
by wiHe and salutary laws. That tnese people are
wholly excluded from participation in tho manage
ment and control of their respective county govern
ments does not in the least estrange their devotion
to Republican principles' or cause them to abate
their eflorts In behalf of the success of the
Republican party. They have just cause of.
complaint, however, in the fact that, while
their political brethren are and for many years have
been in the uscenduncy in the State Legislature,
they are entirely unrepresented, and by an unjust
rule established by a Republican majority they aro
continually subjected to unjust and oppressive laws,
while they are persistently denied such legislation
as their material interests require. That so large a
bodv of tho people should llnd themselves unrepre
sented in the luw-making power la evidence of a de
fective fundamental organization. According to the
mode of representation as established by the Con
stitution and laws of Pennsylvania, more than one
third of her voting and tax-paying citizens are ex
cluded from any voice or power in the law-makluar
department of the State, nnd thesruie remark will
hold true as to the General Government." -Pro.lects
of Itrferm.
As for the schemes which will come up for
the consideration of the convention, there are
but two which are in any degree practicable,
and deserve attention. One of these is known
as the cumulative vote; the other is yet without
a distinctive and descriptive title, and, for want
of such, must be known as
The "minority Clause" System.
The last named has for some years been in
operation in this city in the election of school
directors. . Public opinion so generally recog
nises the necessity of having all shades of sen'
timent represented in onr school boards that the
system has encountered no opposition, and been
suffered to have a fair and impartial trial, with
results of the most satisfactory character. It
consiets simply In each voter being restricted
tocaetinz ballots for two members of the school
board, while the three highest on the list are
held to be elected. By this means the general,
although not inevitable, result is the election of
one of the minority candidates. At the recent
judicial election in New York State, a similar
plan was pursued. . A chief justice and six asso
ciate justices of the Court of Appeals were to be
selected. By the provisions of the amended
judiciary article of the State Constitution, each
voter was permitted to cast ballots for a chief
justlee and four associate justices only, and the
result was the election of two of the Republican
candidates for the latter positions, although the
aggregate Democratic majority was something
overuo.oto.
Working of the '.Minority Clauae" la England.
It is in Knglund, however, that the system
has bad a trial on the most extensive scale.
Certain boroughs and divisions of counties are
accorded three members of Purliament each,
while the electors are restricted to Voting for
two members, from the Loudou Spectator of
December 5, 1608, we take the following ex
tracts, detulling the working of the system at
the Parliamentary elections of that year: ..
"Iu llertfordhhire the l iberals were to the Conser
vatives ubeut in the relatioa ol SI to 4, aud by the
opera. ion 01 me minority cmuse mere were returned
evsetrerafi the ri liberal strength. Amio. In
llertiordshtre le Liberal wore to tha Coasprva-
tUes about la the relation of 88 to 8S, and there, by
luo operation of the minority clause, there were re
turned one Liberal to tiro Conservatives a result
exaggerating the local Conservative strength, but
not so much as tho result la Hertfordshire exa?ge
rated tue Liberal strength. Is Berkshire the Liberals
were 10 tne conservatives in tne ratio about or ss
to 81, and there, by th working of the minority
chute, they returned one member and the conser
vatives two. Again, In Cambridgeshire the Liberals
were to the Conservatives in the relation of 83 to so,
and there, by the action of the minority clause, they
returned one Liberal member to two Conservative
members. - These were, we ellvs. the only English
counties subject to the minority clause in which
inerowas any contest to test tne actual sirengm 01
parties : and m these we see that, taking these lonr
counties together, there were retnrned, by the action
of the minority clause, Ave Literals to seven Conser-
vstives Dy parueBmcn may oesaia wve vcryneanj
In that ratio : sav.on an average, In the ratio of 89 to 84,
which shows a certain loss of strength, as compared
With the ratio of their votes, to the weaker party,
the Liberals. On the other hand, but for the
minority clawse they would have carried but one of
these counties, Hertfordshire, and gained, had the
no ruber cf seats been the same, all the three seats
there; while the minority seats In Cambridgeshire,
Herefordshire, and Berkshire would have gone to
the Conservatives, leaving the Liberals with three
seats to the conservative nine seats. Tne minority
( lauds thejefore in thone counties has not given the
Liberals a representation up to their full party
strength, but muoh beyond what the ordinary ma
jority principle would nave given.
"low to pass 10 me uorougia waerc ine euiuse nis
bad anv operation. 4. .. where there has beena party
contest, we find that in Liverpool, the Liberals
being to tne conservatives in about tae ratio or 10 to
1C, the Liberals returned one member and the Con
servatives two; mat in Manchester, mo i.ioerais
bttng to the Conservatives in the ratio of, say, 81 to
15. the Liberals returned two members and the Con
servatives one ; that in Leeds, the Liberals being to
the Conservatives about 8 to I, the Liberals returned
two members and the Conservatives one; that In
Birmingham, the Liberals being to the conservatives
in about the ratio of 88 to 8. the Liberals returned
all the three members; and that in Glasgow, the
Liberals being to the Conservatives in about tne ratio
of 87 to 11, the Liberals returned all the 8 members
the result or which is that the ccmonty clause gave
the Liberals 14 to B, or nearly 8 to 1, in constituen
cies where their strength, taken on the whole, was
not quite 8 to 1. In other words, the minority repre
sentation, though it gave the Conservatives Ave
borough members, where with tue same number 01
seats to fight for they would only have had three
v. ltnout it tne tnree seats ror Liverpool ana tnouga
it diminished tne Liberal strength from 10 (tr there
had been as many scats to obtain to 14. really gave
tne conservatives considerably less man tne
strength due to their proportion of voters, just as In
the counties we have named it gave the Liberals less
than the strength due to their pro
portion of voters. The conclusion Is, that while
the minority principle in both cases gives a
certain representation to the weaker
party which tt would not otherwise have, It gives a
much less adequate one where the weaker party Is
very weak as the Conservative party was in most
of the great boroughs we have named than where
the weaker party is tolerably strong, as the Liberal
party was in all the counties we have named. The
minority principle has, in tact, given the Liberals la
the three-cornered counties much more thaa it has
given the Conservatives in the three-cornered bo
roughs, and for this reason that In three out of the
six three-cornered boroughs the Conservative party
was practically insignificant, while in all the three
cornered counties the power of the Liberals was
substantial, though often very inferior to that of
their rivals. Anyhow, the practical result has been
not to weaken the working majority, but to
strengthen it." :
Delects of the "Minority Clause" System.
The great defect of this system consists in the
fact, as shown in the above extracts, that it is
possible for the majority to override the mino
rity in spite of the provisions of law which are
designed to prevent it. In 'both Birmingham
and Glasgow the Liberals secured all three of
the seats by a jndiclous distribution of their
strength. In Birmingham, where John Brlpv.t
was a candidate, the Liberal' committee pre
pared a number of cards equal to the number of
Liberal voters, each card bearing the names of
two of their candidates .only, but. the names
of each . of the three . candidates ,. being
used an', equal number t. of times. These
cards were distributed among the Liberal voters
with great care . and . exactness, and 4f each
elector had followed strictly his instructions by
voting for the two candidates whose names
were Inscribed on the card presented to him,
the three Liberal candidates would have been
elected by equal votes. But many of the
warmest admirers of Mr. Bright, were afraid
that Qthers of his admirers whose cards did not
bear his name would scratch one of the candi
dates for whom they were instructed to vote,
and insert the name of the great popular cham
pion., Inspired by this fear, many of his adhe
rents who were instructed to vote for him sub
stituted the name of one of the other candidates,
and the result was that Mr. Bright, the most
popular of the three Liberal candidates, stood
lowest on the poll, by very reason of his para
mount popularity. : . .
But aside from the circumstance that It is
possible to etill override the minority under the
operation of this system, in districts where
it does not closely approach the majority In
numerical strength, it has the greater defect of
being entirely arbitrary." Thus, if the Congres
sional districts of Pennsylvania were thrown
together in groups of three, and each voter re
stricted to casting a ballot for two Representa
tives, while the three highest candidates were
to be declared elected, the relative strength ot
the two parties in one three-cornered constitu
ency might' be as 3 to 1, inlanokher. as 4 to 1,
and in another as 2 to 1, and inequalities in
representation as great as exist under the pre
sent system would result. In fact, an equitable
grouping of the districts would be almost im
possible, and every reaction in public sentiment
would render a rearrangement necessary, if a
show of equality were to be preserved.
.The System mf "Cumulative Voting."
Free from both these striking defects is the
system which is known as the cumulative vote.
The principle is very simple and comprehended
at a glance. Pennsylvania being entitled to 24
Representatives in Congress, each voter has the
privilege of dividing his 24 ballots among as
many candidates as he sees proper. lie can dlS'
tribute them among 24, casting one for each; he
can select 13 names, and cast two ballots for
each; he can narrow down his list to 6, and
cumulate four ballots on each; he can select any
lower number, or he can heap the whole twenty-
four votes to which he is entitled on a single
candidate. It follows, therefore, that the . mi
nority can, by the proper concert of action,
render the cuccees of a fair proportion of their
candidates a moral certainty, the only limitation
being that the minority shall be able to muster
a fraction of the aggregate popular vote slightly
in exeess ot the average constituency of the
representatives. Thus, the aggregate vote of
Pennsylvania being abeut 650,000, each of her
24 Representatives will have a constituency of
about 27,000 voters. If, therefore, 23,000 voters
of a certain political faith unite their 672,000
votes (28,000 multiplied by 24) on the
candidate of their choice, his elec
tion is an absolute certainty. There
are but 622.0CO voters beside them, and if this
overwhelming majority attempts to override the
almost insignificant minority by distributing
their votes among twenty-four-candidates, no
one of them will poll more than 623,000 votes,
or 50,000 less than the one minority candidate;
while if the votes of the majority are cumulated
ou less than twenty-four candldetes, although
some of them may run far above the vote polled
by the minority candidate, the latter s election
Is still atsured. U nder tne cumulative system,
therefore, it U quite beyond the power of the
maiorltv to disfrauchiee tbe minority, unless,
as we have already intimated, the minority fails
of the average voting constitaency. In a State
where as large a -vote as in Pennsylvania is
polled, it would require some nice figuring to
ascertain the limits beyond which it would be
unsafe for the minority to venture in distribu
ting their votes, but the party leaders would be
found equal to the task after a little experience,
if not at the outset. . . f
Ex-Nehaier Bneknl' Arfverney ef the ('
i , uiMlntive Vole."
I Although the cumulative system has been
before the public for some years, both in this
country and in England, it is just beginning to
attract general attention in tbe United States.
Ex-Senator Buckalew has given the system
careful study, and on more than one occasion,
from the rostum as well as - from his seat at
Washington, has discussed and explained it in
all its bearings and details. In a speech de
llvered in this city on -the 19th of November,
1867, Mr. Buckalew illustrated the system and
its workings as follows: ' '
Thereare en 000 voters In Vermont, of whom
40,000 are members of the Republican party and
80,000 of the Democratic party. I speak in round
numbers. By law. that State is entitled to three
Representatives intCongres8,becauseher population,
under tbe Constitution of the United States, author
izes the allotment of that number to her. Now,
what ought to take place there T The majority
should elect two Uepresentatives.having 40,000 votes,
and the minority should elect one, having 80,000
votes ; but can that be so in point of fact at present?
If the electors of that State vote for three Represen
tatives by general ticket the majority would elect
the whole three. Bv cumulative voting, by authoris
ing the 80,000 minority electors of that State to give
each three votes to one candidate, that candidate
would receive 60,000 votes, and the majority
oannot defeat him. The majority voting for
two Representatives can elect them, but thev
cannot elect the third. Suppose they attempt to
vote for three candidates, they can only give each of
thi m 40,000 votes and the minority candidate has
60,000. If they attempt to vote for two, as thev
ought to do, that being the number they are entitled
to, they can give them 60,000 votes each, the same
number that the minority candidate has. If they
attempted to vote for one, they would give that can
didate 180,000 ; but of course they would cot throw
away their votes In that foolish manner. The Drac-
tlcal result would be that the 40,000 majority electors
in that State would vote for two candidates and
elect them, and the SO.OOO minority electors would
vote for one and elect him, and results analogous to
this would occur all over the United suites if this
system were applied."
The "Cumulative Vote" to be tried In Illinois
! Illinois is the first State to make the experi
ment of testing the merits of the "cumulative
voting" system on an extensive scale. At the
recent Constitutional Convention, a clause pro
viding for the cumulative voting was adopted
four to one, after mature deliberation and the
discussion of numerous plans for insuring to
minorities the rights of vhlch they have been
so long despoiled. This clause was submitted
to a separate vote with the amended Constitu
tion, and like it was adopted by an overwhelm
ing majority. The experiment is restricted to
the election of members of the lower house of
the State Legislature, the Senate being chosen as
heretofore. From each Senatorial district three
representatives will be elected, and each quali
fied voter may distribute his three votes as he
pleases among the candidates; one vote for each of
three men, or three votes for one man, or one
and a half votes for each of two. Heretofore
the Republicans have secured almost the eatlre
representation in the northern section of the
State, while in the southern part the Democrats
have been' equally successful; but under the
cumulative system a fair and equitable repre
sentation of both parties in each section is con
fidently anticipated. The experiment will be
eagerly watched by thoughtful people through
out tbe country, and its results will have an im
portant bearing upon the future politics of the
whole country. : -
The Experiment at Bloomsburg, la this State.
But the cumulative vote has already had a
trial on a small scale in this State, and the re
sults were quite satisfactory. The last Legisla
ture, in an act defining the boundaries and
organizing the town of Bloomsburg, Montour
county, in which ex-Senator Buckalew resides,
incorporated a clause embodying the cumulative
system. In this it was provided that in the
selection of the 6lx members of the Town Coun
cil, each voter might cast one vote for each of
six persons, one vote and a half for each of four,
three votes for each of two, or six votes for
one, at his option. Unfortunately for the entire
success of the experiment at the first election,
which was held last April, the politics of
Bloomsburg were slightly mixed. If party lines
had been strictly drawn, the operation of the
system would have been much more definite and
eatlsfactory.' Under the old system, as the
voting population of Bloomsburg is usually
Democratic by a fair majority, the Democracy
would have carried their whole ticket, and the
Republican voters of the town, although com'
prising nearly .one-half of the whole number,
would not have secured a single representative
in the council. But under the cumulative system
it was in their power to - concentrate their
force upon less than the full number of
persons to be elected, and, if they chose to do
so to any considerable extent, it became an ab
solute impossibility for the Democracy to keep
them entirely unrepresented. So the Democrats
placed but three candidates for the Council in
nomination, thinking it better to be sure of one
half of that body than to risk the election of two
alone by attempting to secure the triumph of
four. The opposition .or citizens' ticket con
tained four names, two of them being Republi
cans and two Democrats, so that there were, all
told, five Democrats and two Republicans
running for the six seats in the town
council, while both the candidates for
President for which position the voting was
done in the ordinary way were of De
mocratic proclivities. As the result of the
election for members of the Council, the three
regular Democratic candidates, the two Republi
cans on the opposition ticket, and one of the
Democrats on the latter ticket; were elected,
and the Republican minority in Bloomsburg is
fairly representedt as it should be. We give
below the names of the candidates, with the
number of votes received by each, to illustrate
the workings of the cumulative system on its
first actual trial in the United States, the names
marked thus () being those who were elected:
for l-TK-iJet.l. . . Vottt.
Elms Mendenhall (Opp. Dem.) 813
Robert f. Clark (Reg. Dem.) 202
Opposition majority 11
for Mtmbert of Council. ,
Charles (i. Barkley (Opp. Dem.) 4S9
William B. Koons (Reg. Dem.) 8l3tf
John Sharpless (Opp. Rep.) : m
Caleb Barton (Opp. Rep.) 8tt4
Frederick C. Kyer (Keg. Dem.) 8(52
ttephen Knorr (Reg. Dem.) tn
6. C. Shive (Opp. Dem.) '. 80)tf
Scattering 3X
Total votes....
Total voters..
.....8534
Ti
A Provoked Application mf tbe "Cumulative
Vote."
Colonel A. K. McClure has prepared a bill
providing for a revision of the Constitution of
the State, which will be submitted, for action to
tbe coming Legislature. This act proposes that
a convention be held for this purpose, and that
on the secoud Tuesday of June next a vote shall
be taken on the question of holding a conven
tion. It also provides that . . ' ;
' "The oi'aiiOed electors shall, at the sam ) election.
chooae tuitty delegates at Urge to tlio proposed
general ticket : but each voter Khali rtf bnt fifteen
fmlir.ts for said delegate at large, and sold fifteen
ballots may be cast all for one candidate, or divided
among different randidates, in such proportions as
each voter may prefer."
It still further provides that " .'
1 "Ttepresonfative delegates to sit proposed Con
ventloa shall be elected bv the wveral counties of
this State, and by the several Senatorial districts ot
theclty of Philadelphia. Kach county shall elect at
least one Represent stive delegate, and counties
having a population In excess of thirty thousand,
and the several Senatorial districts of the city of
Philadelphia, shall each elect one Representative
delegate for every thirty thousand population con
tained therein, and also one delegate for any
froctlon exceeding fifteen thousand population;
the United States ceoaus of 1970 to be the basis
ror adjusting the number of delegates
each conntv and Senatorial district in the
city of rbllndelphla shall be entitled to. And the
Governor of the State shall make oftlclal proclama
tion 01 tne apportionment or Representative dele
gates, in accordance with the provisions of this ait,
and the census of 1870, within ten days after the
passage of this set ; and in said counties and Sana-,
torlal districts where more than one delegate is to be
chosen, the voters thereof may cast their ballots
respectively ail for one of the candidates,
or divide their votes among the several candi
dates, as the electors mav prefer; but no
elector shall cast more votes than the number or
delegates to be elected in his county or district."
Colonel McClure, in submitting this bill to
the people, accompanied it with a letter ex
planatory of its provisions. Iu his conclusion
he says:
"Bv electing thirtv delegates at large, and limit
ing each voter to fifteen ballots, both parties have
an invitation to select their ablest men, which they
cannot disregard; and by cumulative voting In the
several counties and districts both parties must be
fully represented, and bad nominations could not
be lorced upon the people by the party lash."
CITY ixcmg.
EhTfRB LrNBN 8UTT9 FOB FlVB DO I, MR 3.
Entirk Linbn Suits for Kivb Dollars.
KNTIRH LlHRN SflTS FOR FlVB DOLLARS.
. All kinds of Summer Clothing better in Cut, Make,
and Fit than any other Stock of Ready-made Cloth
ing in Philadelphia, and sold at prices
Guaranteed Lowbr than ant other.
Half way f Bknnbtt tt Co.,
between Tower Hall,
Fifth and Slxtu streets. ( 618 Marxbt Street. .
St. James nonci., Bostok, Massachusetts.
During the travelling season, If oar patrons will
kindly Inform us, either by telegram or letter, or their
Intended arrival, we can be better prepared for their
comfort.
In accordance with the reduction In the value of
gold, the translen board at the St. James is reduced
to Four Dollars per day.
Proprietor St. James IIotkl,
Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrcp is the prescrip
tion of one of the best female physicians and nurses
In the United States, and has been used for thirty
years with never-failing safety and success by mil
lions of mothers for their children. It relieves the
child from pain, corrects acidity of the stomach, re
lieves wind colic, and, by giving rest and health to
the child, comforts the mother.
The Grand Surprise I The grey-haired can
hardly believe their eyes when they see their
whitened locks restored to their pristine beuuty by a
clear and transparent fluid. Phalok's Vitalia, or
Salvation for the Hair, is the article la question
and Is free from any sediment.
Sold by all druggists and fancy goods dealers.
DIR. William W. Cassidt, the Jeweller at No, 8
Soath Second street, has one of the largest and most
attractive stocks of all kinds of Jewelry and Sliver
ware In the city. lie baa also on hand a fine assort
ment of fine American Western Watches. Those
who purchase at this store at the present time are
certain to get the worth of their money. :
The Old Dominion Sauce li made in wooden
tanks, and Is free from all metallic substances. It is
a most wholesome condiment, and for steaks, chops,
oy sters, game, soups, etc., it has no eqnal.
1IEI.
Bbowh. On the !8th inBtant, euorni Pearson
Brown, son of James L. and Susanna Brown, aged
8 years 4 months and 1 week.
The relatives and friends of the family are respect
fully invited to attend the funeral, from the resi
dence of his parents, No. 1009 Tasker street, on
Wednesday afternoon at 3 o'clook. To proceed to
Wharton Street Church Vault.
Ernst. On the 89th instant, TUeodork H. Ernst,
In the 84th year of his age.
The relatives and friends are respectfully Invited
to attend the funeral, from St. Mark's Ev. Lutheran
Church, Thirteenth and Spring Garden streets, on
Thursday morning, September 1, at precisely 10
o'clock. 55
Grill. On the S8th Instant, Mart S. Grill, in
the 82d year of her age.
The relatives and friends of the family are respect
fully Invited to attend the funeral, from the resi
dence of her husband, No. 1237 N. Nineteenth street,
on Wednesday, the 81st instant, at 10 o'clock in the
morning. Interment at Laurel Hill Cemetery.
Messiwek. On the morning of the 29th instant,
Harkv, infant son of George and Mary b, Missimer,
aged 13 months.
The relatives and friends of the family are respect
fully Invited to attend the funeral, from his parents'
residence, No. 125 Hermitage street, Hanayunk, on
Wednesday afternoon at 8 o'clock.
1 8
O.
WAR'S DOIZNiaS.
Important' to Dry Goods Bayers.
Owing to the unfortunate state of affairs on the
Continent of Europe, there is a moral certainty of
ALL EUROPEAN GOODS being advanced in price;
in fact, already Importers of SILKS are asking a
large percentage over last season's prices, and goods
are scarce at taat. We have qutte a good stock ou
hand of
Silks, Shawls, and Dress Goods,
Which we propose FOR TnE PRESENT to sell at
old prices, not putting on one cent advance. Also,
FRENCH AND LLAMA. LAGES,
Which it will pay well to buy now at old prices, even
to keep for next summer. Also,
BLACK CRAPES AND CRAPS VEILS, and
BLACX ALPACA8, MOHAIRS, and DEL&1XE3,
and KID GLOVES, COR8STS, and LINBN GOODS.
We would advise cur friends to lay In their sto X
of the above goods for family use.
JOSEPH H. THOBffLEY,
NORTHEAST CORNER OF
EIGHTH and SPRING GARDEN Sti
a I thstul , PHILADELPHIA.
Xdtabllnhed In 18(53.
UAIITLKTT,
, FINE CUSTOM-MADE
BOOTS AND 0HOE8.
Made on oar Improved Lasts, insartag Comfort
Beauty and Durability.
No. 33 SOUTH SIXTH STREET,
1 18 thstaDSl ABOVE CHSSSni.
-a r R 8. R. DILLON,
NOS, S23 AND SSI SOUTH STREET.
Ladles' and Misses' Crape, Gimp, Hair Pamela and
Straw Round and Pyramid Jlats; Ribbon i, Sattus,
Silks, Velvets and Velveteens, Crapes, Feathers,
Flowers, Frames, Saali Ribbons, Oruaments, Mouru-
EDUCATIONAL..
j u v . A t'Aii i; n v.
fOB VOUNG MEN AND BOVtJ,
! No." 1416 LOCUST Street
EDWARD CLARENCE SMITH. A. VL. VrjK'y..
! This Select School wii: enter opon Its suta jrewr
completely reoiganlzed.
Rooms improved, and refitted with handsome far.
niture.
1. Pupils rn'Pft'e'I for bnsiness life. Thorough '
course in the English Branches and Mathematics.
8. PupUs prepared for high standing in College.
8. Special instructors In French, German, Draw,
tag, Penmanship, Elocution, Boot-keeping. Natural
Science.
4. A carcrolly organised Primary Department
6. tpecial features an unsurpassed locality,
spacious and well-ventilated rooms, with high ceil
ings, a retired play ground.
Next session begins September 18. Clrcnlars a
No. 1415 Lot 'U8T St, AppMcatioLs received daily.
Testimonial from Hon. William Strong, u. s. sa
preme Court.
Pmi.ArKt.'HiA, June is, ibto.
During the last two years my son has been an at
tendant of the ichool of Mr. Edward Clarence Smitti.
known as Rugby Academy. 1 can unqaalille!ir
commend Mr. femlth to those who have sons to b
educated, as a superior Initructor, devoted to bis
work, kind and firm In his management of hlspoplla,
and in all respects qualified for success In his pro
fession. .
813 W. 8TRONCT.
Hy. .. a i; i i; it it a c ii h
ACADEMY KOK YOUNG MKN AND BOYS,
ASSEMBLY- BUILDINGS,
No. 101 bouth TENTH Street
A Primary, Elementary, aad Finishing School,
Thorough preparation for Business or College.
Special attention given to Commercial Arltaaiefla
and all kinds of Business Calculations.
French and German, Linear and Perspective
Drawing, Elocution, English Composition, Natural.
Science.
FIELD PRACTICE in Survevlng and Civil Engi
neering, with the use of, all requisite instrument,
is given to the higher classes In Mathematics.
A tirst-elass Primary Department.
The best ventilated; most lofty and spacious Ciasri
rooms in the cltv.
open for the reception of applicants dally from t
A. M. to 4 P. M. . ro
Fall term will begin September 12.
Circulars at Mr. Warburton s, No. 430 Chesnat at.
I7 DGEHILL, MERCHANTVILLE. N. J., WILL BIX
-'opened for SUMMER BOARDERS from July I U
September IB, 1870.
The Douse Is new aad pleasantly located, w!tt
plenty of shade. Rooms large and airy, a number
of them communicating, and with. . flrst-clana
board.
A few families cau be accommodated by appiaj
early.
For particulars call on or address
REV. T. W. CATT3LL.
Tl Merchantvllle, N. J.
HALLOWELL SELECT HIGH SCHOOL FO
Young Men acd Boys, which has been re
moved from No. 110 N. Tenth street will be opened
on September 18 in the new and more commodiou
buildiDgs Nos. 118 and 114 N. NINTH Street Neither
etl'ort nor expense has been spared in fitting up tti-i
roojiB, to make this a Urst-class school of the highest
grade.
A Preparatory Department Is connected with tn
school. Parents and students are invited to call
and examine the rooms and consult the Principals
from 9 A. M. to 8 P. W. alter August 16.
GEORGE EAfeTBURN, A. B.,
JOHN G. MOOKJE, M. 8.,
817tf Principals.
HAMILTON INSTITU TE FOR YOUNG LADIES,
No. 3810 CHESS L'T Street, West Phlladel
phis. Day and Boarding School. This Institution,
having, successfully completed its fourth year, baa
become one of the established schools of our city.
Its course of study includes a thorough English aal
Classical Education, embracing Mental, Moral, ami
Physical culture.
Its ninth session will open on MONDAY, Scptsut.
ber 19. For terms, etc., apply at the school.
829tf PHILIP A. CHEGAR, Principal.
TMLDON SEMINARY. MISS CARR'S SELECT
Jji Boarding school for Young Laalcs will UB
OPEN SEPTEMBER 14, 1870.
It Is situated at the York Road Station of tha
North Pennsylvania Railroad, seven mUe3 from
Philadelphia. ,
The Principal may be consulted personally at her
residence daring the summer, or by letter addressed
to Shoemakertown Post Oitlce, Montgomery county,
Pa. Circulars can be obtained also at the oince of
JAY COOKE & CO..
8 3 Bankers, Philadelphia.
CHBSSUT STREET FEMALE SEMINARY.
J PHILADELPHIA.
MISS BONK BY and MISS DILLAYE, Prla
clpals. The twenty.flret year Of this ENGLISH
AND FRENCH BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL
will open on WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14, at No. 16t5
CHESNUT Street
Particulars from circulars. 8 13 1 9 T
TBE SIXTEENTH ACADEMIC YEAR OF
SPRING GARDEN ACADEMY, N. E. corner of
EIGHTH and BUTToNWOOD Streets, begins Tues
day, September 6. Thorough preparation for Busi
ness or College. Applications received on and aftec
Monday, August 22.
CHARLES A. WALTERS. A. M.,
8 13 lm PrincipaL
C CENTRAL INSTITUTE, N. W. CORNER OF
'J TENTH and SPRING GARDEN Streets, W1U
reopen MONDAY, September 5. Parents are Invited
to call after August 89. Boys prepared for business
or for college. JOHN P. LAMBERTON, A. M.,
8 88 lm . Principal. .
A.rOlG MEN AND BOYS' ENGLISH CLASSI.
X CAL AND COMMERCIAL INSTHUTE, No.
190S MOUNT VERNON Street, reopens September
S Thorough preparation for Business or College,
Has a Preparatory Department for small Boys.
8 87 lm Rev. J. G. SH1KN, A. Mv Principal
STEVENSDALK INSTITUTE, A - SELECT
family Boarding-school for boys, will reepen Sept,
18, 1S70. For Circulars address J. if. WITHINGTON,
A. M., Principal. South Amboy, N. J. 8 8tuths86f
OAKLAND FEMALE INSTITUTE, NORRIS
TOWN, Pa, will commence its Twenty-slxth
Year September 1. Terms, i!o. For circulars ad
d ress, J. GRIER RALSTON. 8 61m
TWENTY-SIXTH YEAR. H- D. GREGORY, A.
M., will reopen his Classical and English School,
No. 1108 MARKET Street, on September 5. 8 88 lm
THE CLASSICAL INSTITUTE, DEAN STREET
above Spruce, will be re-opened September 6th,
8 88 8m J. W. FAIRES, D. P.. PrincipaL
MUSIOAL INSTRUCTION.
HILADELPHIA .
MUSICAL ACADEMY.
Books are now open for the reception of pupils fof
the new quarter, beginning September 6. Those
desiring to become students wJl please apply St thq
mte' No. 1223 SPRUCE Street.
INSTRUCTORS.
DEPARTMENT
FOR 8TFDY Olf TBS .
PIANO-FORTE,
JOHN F. niMMELSBACn, RICHARD ZECKWEB,
RUDOLPH HENMG, EM1L GASTEL.
ENSEMBLE PERFORMANCE VIOLIN, YIOLON
CELLO, ETC., WITH PIANO,
WENZEL UOPTA AND RUDOLPH IIENNIG.
G HAND ORGAN,
LIKEWISE PARLOR ORGAN, CABINET ORGAN
AND ML'LODEON,
RICHARD ZECKWEIt.
VIOLIN,
.WENZEL KOPTA. .
VIOLONCELLO,
RUDOLPH HEN NIG.
VOCAL MUSIC,
EM 11. GASTEL. '
THEORY, ,
JOHN F. H1MMELSBACIL
PRIMARY DEPARTMENT KOK PI ANO-FORTIT,
MISS NLXLIK BY WATER.
FLUTE,
. EDyVARD ICOCU.
CORNET,
CARL PL AO EM ANN.
Other Orchestral Instruments, Elocution, French
Italian, and German taught by experienced la
structors. ,
TERMS: -
Main Department, $15 per quarter, payable 13
advance.
Primary Department, 17-60 per quarter, payable 14
advance.
Circulars at the Music Stores.
fKOPKISTOKS AND lIKBCTOKSl
JOHN K. HIMMELSBACn,
SBOtuthfSt ' RUDOLPH HENNIG.
THURSDAY EXCURSION S.
i Tue splendid Steamboat
i JOHN A. WARNER
wui make an Excursion every Thursday to Beverly,
uuriingion, auu crmioi,
LEAVING CHESNUT STREH.T WHARJ?
St 9)4 o'clock A. M.
Returning, leaves Bristol at 11V A. M. and 4
o'cloc k P. M. A Band of Music will be In atten t.
fC:?. Jf jS fttf tue uraivuj i0 ceatu, t tW .
I
X
o