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; : . VOL. XIY NO. 48.
FIRST. EDITION
' -' i
THE WAR IH EUROPE.
The Latest Situation.
r
Deputy Gambetta.
OMOOMOBMOOOOMOaBOOWOBBa "
Tlie ( Rising1 Radical Leader.
k Sketch of his Career.
The SiegG of Strasburg!
i i t :
French and German Unity.
Their Origin and Progress.
f 4.J 8,.'
Thiers on the War.
His Arraignment of Napoleon,
Death of Frinco Salm-Salm.
V.-,f - -
Germany and America.
Etc. - Ivtc, Etc., Etc., lilO.
H 1
: T11E SITUATION.
No Trustworthy Cine from Last Night' Dc
epatcheo The Severing of Another ttallroad
Communication with Paris The Fresh Ku--mn
of Bottles. '
Lost night's despatches throw no light upon
the precise position and movements of the hoe
tile armies, bat they indicate that MacMahon
baa abandoned both Chalons and Rhelms. Some
reports state that he has done so in the hope of
protecting Paris, while others lend credit
to the supposition that a portion at
least of his command has taken a northeast
direction, with the ; presumed object of rein
forcing Bazaine. There are no advices which
tend to discredit the reports we published yes
terday, from both French and Prussian sources,
of the advance of the Crown Prince's army west
of Chalons towards Paris, i Meanwhile, the
French are busy preparing to obstruct the Prus
sian advance by laving waste the country be
tween the Seine and tho Marne. '
It Is said in reports from Paris that orders
have been given to evacuate Epernay to-day.
This place is 70 miles E. N. E. of Paris, 19 miles
W. N. W. of Chalons, and .14 miles S. 8..W. of
Rheima. w The trains going east on the railroad
to Epernay, at which point the road branches
off to the N. N. E. to Rhelms, and to the E. S.
E. Xo Chalons,' are, now stopped at Chateau
Thierry, which is but 45 miles E. N. E. of Paris.
The road, which is the direct line to Strasburg,
baa V' for ' some been useless to the
French,', . beyond Chalons. ' Now that the
eastern terminus is fixed at Chateau-Thierry,
the: only means of communication by rail
between Paris and Mezieres, and thence east
ward towards Thionvllle, Is by the route still
further to the north, through Solssons; and even
by this route it Is necessary to pass through
Rhelms. ' If Rhelms should fall into the hands
of the Prussians, there would be no railroad
communication ' whatever between Paris and
the armies of MacMahon and Bazaine, and all
supplies and reinforcements would have to be
picked up as best they might. .
Frpin the i neighborhood of Metz there
was nothing in last night's despatches
giving any clue to the recent movements of
either army in that locality, and the situation
there is probably . unchanged since the battle
f Gravelotte, on the 18th. ' Some of the Paris
papers still insist that there was an engagement
near, MeU on Sunday, the 21st, in which the
rnssians were defeated; but tho absence of
any pretended details tends to discredit the
report.
There was still another report of an engage
nt between Verdun and Chalons on Wednes-
lay, commencing at 3 o'clock In the morning
and ending in the flight of the army of Prince
Frederick Charles. MA person who arrived
from the vicinity of Epernay" brought the news,
ind its receipt was followed by the order for
e evacuation of Epernay, which puts a fair
valuation on Its reliability. - '
4 III
DEPUTY GAMBETTA.
i eo RMbk Yooost . Heoablleaa Leader of
I iPraaee ills Career, aod n bat It Preutlsea la
I f tho Near at ore. - '
I aTAartw vrv A aw rm oa tj m nim. a. ff
mbetta as figuring conspicuously in the pro-
ingt of the French Corps Leglslatif. lie is
e youngest as well as the newest of the Repub-
n leaders of France, and, although he has
en before the people less than two years, he
Ibas already attained, a place by the side of
rVare, Ferry, and Simon, as an acknowledged
V dictator of the Radical policy and programme.
. Leon Gambetta is of Italian descent, his pa
rents . having been Genoese, and was born at
Cahois, in the south of France, in the year 1831,
being therefore but thirty-five years of age. He
entered upon the study of the law, and con
tinned to practice it with success, but without
attracting -general attention, until he was re
tained as counsel for the persons implicated in
the Baudin affair durlag the winter of Ibti8-C9.
At the beginning of the trial, be was known
only to the circle of lawyers as an able and
earnest advocate. , Before the trial , was
concluded, be was one of the
beet known - and - 1 most ' popular
mala France, The speech which, be delivered
tm this occasion was bla first political speech,
but it created an immense sensation. "For
twenty years," wrote a Paris correspondent
soon after, "no such speech has been heard at
the Paris bar.". It was characterized by great
dignity of manner, energy of diction, and irre
sistible argument, and was delivered In a voice
of thunder. The young advocate displayed the
possession of a wonderful command of words,
an extraordinary fertility of imagination, a deep
nd thorough culture, a profound knowledge of
political philosophy, and above all a marvellous
mastery of the art of oratory, which, added to
bis stentorian tones, swept everything before it.
At the end of , M. Gambetta's first great politi
cal speech, bo was a tlangerous man to the cause
of imperialism. The first proof of it was in his
return from two different districts as a member
of the Corps Leglslatif at the elections of May,
1809. In one of the circumscriptions of the
populous city of Marseilles be was elected a
deputy; in the seventh circumscription of Paris
he was urged to present his name; and in the
first circumscription of the latter city he re
ceived nearly 22,000 votes out of a total of
33,000. no preferred to sit in the Chamber for
Marseilles, and Rochcfort the "irreconcilable,"
a Republican of a far different type, who was
elected in November to represent the first cir
cumscription of Paris, received but 18,000 votes
in a total poll of 32,000.
' In the exciting events which preceded and fol
lowed the ascent of M. Ollivior to power, M.
Gambetta took a prominent part, and on tho
reassembling of the Corps Leglslatif on the 0th
of August, after the outbreak of the present
war, was at once recognized as a leader of the
opposition to the late Prime Minister. On the
10th of August he signalized his devotion to the
country in the hour of its peril by insisting that
the discussion of the proposition to arm the
people against the invader should not be post
poned, and, although the names of the new
Ministers had just been announced, was unwill
ing, In his excessive zeal, to give them any time
for deliberation on a question which, as a French
man, he thought needed no deliberation. In
common with Thiers, the veteran statesman aud
Orleanist leader, he joined hands with Count
de Palikao, the new Premier, in the crisis,
but urged with all his eloquence that the new
Ministry ehould prove itself worthy the confi
dence of the nation.
"It would be singular," he sld, "for a Ministry
which owes its existence to the necessity of acting
with promptitude to be the cause of fresh obstruc
tions. You have been brought to power by a pre
dominant Idea; I beg you to remain faithful to it,
and not betray the authority reposed in you. A uni
versal arming is a question of public safety. We
have opposed to us the entire German nation, which
has een preparing since 1850, and France also must
be armed. You ask if the country has dege iterated
vine 1792, and tha people of Paris answer by a demand
for arms. On such a question the Government
ought already to have formed an opinion."
Vken, on the 13th, M. Jules Favre made a
proposition for the appointment by tho Cham
bers of a Committee of Defense, to be entrusted
with supreme power, M. Gambetta made an
earnest speech in its support, but it received
only fifty or sixty votes, and was therefore lost.
On this occasion, his enmity to the Bonaparte
dynasty cropped out side by side with his devo
tion to France, and he declared unhesitatingly,
in the midst of great confusion, that "on such a
subject there must be no trickery; the Cham
bers must pronounce between the safety of the
State and that of a dynasty." On account of
the manifestations of approval with which bis
assaults on the empire were received, it was
found necessary to clear the galleries and pro
ceed in secret session. r ,
Within a day or two past M. Gambetta has
given a clearer evidence of his spirit. On the
24th be boldly assailed the majority as having
been the cause of the war, and such was the
.indignation manifested by the men who have
heretofore been the servile tools of Napoleon,'
that bis harsh indictment developed an uproar
sufficient to drown his voice and bring the ses
sion to a close in even a greater tumult than
usual. M. Gambetta's conduct on this occasion,
according to the despatches which are permit
ted to be sent from Paris, is generally blamed
on account cf Its indiscretion, and denounced
by the press generally as "ill-timed." But
M. Gambetta doubtless knows what he is
about, and, while devoting all his energies
to the promotion of the national cause and the
repulsion of the invaders, is not disposed to
euffer the men who by their servility are re
sponsible for the war to escape the rebuke they
so richly merit. A recent Paris letter says that, '
young as be is, M. Gambetta shows more of the
quality of a political leader than any other mem
ber of the Corps Leglslatif except the veteran
Thiers. With him be has of late fairly divided
the leadership of the movement for a universal
arming against the Prussian invaders, and the
salvation of the country, without regard to the
fate'of the Bonaparte dynasty, at the cost of
any and every sacrifice. ....
' Thus far be has apparently reposed the ut
most confidence in the present ministry, or, at
leas', in Count de Palikao, its head. A few
days ago, it Is said that, at a meeting of a dozen
prominent Republicans, he was asked if Count
de Palikao deserved all the trust he seemed to
place in him, to which he is reported to have
answered: "lea, because he is a traitor!" An
alliance based on no stronger foundation can
not long endure. In the turbulent and momen
tous scenes which are in xtore for Paris, the
youDg advocate with the stentorian voice is des
tined to play a lending, perchance a paramount,
role.
THE SIEGE OF STHASBUKU.
1 bo blow Prearete .Hade-Too City aad Ite
lieleaaea
Immediately after the battle of Woerth, Au
gust (5, a Prussian force laid siege to Strasburg,
and 6lnce that time the city baa been Invested
by a force sufficiently large to sever its com
municatioua generally, although it has been
claimed that the French have succeeded in re
inforcing aud provisioning the garrison. On
August 10, the city was bombarded by the Prus
sians from a point near Kehl, on the eastern
shore of the Rhine, for several hours, bet appa
rency without much effect on the works.
The return fire of "the garrison is said
to have been quite as harmless as that of
the besiegers. About the same time the lines of
the besiegers were drawn closer about the city,
a Baden division occupying the town of SchulU
beim, a mile distant on the north, Koenigshafen
on the west, and RuprechUln on the northeast.
After the bombardment on the 19th, according
to dubious French accounts, a Prussian officer,
with a flag of truce, approached the 'city and
demanded its surrender. .The populace are said
to Lave received tim wjib ftf about, "We ph&U
PHILADELPHIA, FRIDAY, AUGUST 20, 1870.
never surrender," wherenpon the commander of
the garrison dismissed him with the words,
"The people have given you my reply." A day
or two later, according to reports
from Paris, the course of the river III, oi both
sides of which the city is built, was changed
near Ernsteln, a town some distance abjve, in
order to stop the supply of water. The latest
news we had was to the; effect that the gar
rison bombarded and destroyed Kohl a f dw days
ago, and with that item the history of tLe
siege of Strasburg is brought to a clow fjrtte
time.
The following account of the. city and Its
defenses Is interesting, embodying, as it does,
facts based upon the latest intelligence:
Strasburg is the centre of the dcrense of the Rhine
frontier, and is usually ppoken of as one of the
strongest fortresses la Europe. It has figured in
military history from the days of Julius Cxsar. It
was Louis XIV, however, who first gave it the im
portance ana rank it has so long heldamong the for
tlQed places of Europe, after he had got possession
of It when It was a free city of the German empire,
by a lawless stuck during the time of peace. Nearly
fioo years after Its union with Franco, Strasburg
still retains the appearance of a Prussian town. The
situation of htrasburg, at a distance of about one
and a half miles fr6m the Rhine, on the river 111, is
flat. The town, which Is Irregular In form,
has a circuit of six miles. It Is surrounded by a
wall, strengthened by bastions, ditches, and bul
warks, and has at its eastern extremity, towards the
Rhine, a citadel of five bastions, constructed by
Vauban, the outworks of which reach to the river.
Its defensive system is completed by a sluice, by
means of which the surrounding country can be
inundated. For the defense of the town and citadel
600 guns are required, so that if tho besiegers are
pertinacious Hie alleged weakness of the garrison
may prove serious. Ihe ordinary garrison of Stras
burg is 6000, but there is a civil population of 84.ooo,
and In case of a blockade every one of them will be
doing the work of the besiegers by his dally
consumption of the strictly limited store of pro
visions. The only side .of tho fortress wtiijh can
not be laid nnder water by means of
the sluices where the 111 enters the town is the
Forte des Mines, and on that side the glacis is
mined. The safety of the place depends too much
upon water to satisfy those who wish to see it hold
out. After four months' drouth the river Is now
low; at the landing place of the destroyed boat
bridge the standard post showed a week or two ago
but 70 centimetres or two feet of water.'whlle it is
constructed to reach 19 feet. The works are of a
somewhat antiquated type. The old-fashioned
bastion enceinte which engirdles the town is
in many points approached by woods, by
villas, by pleasure-gardens, and by breweries,
which would probably airord excellent cover
to a besieging forces; while, as its works
were planned long before rifled cannon were tho Jght
of. Its siege would afford an excellent exemplifica
tion of the relative values of old engineering and of
modern artillery. The Germans before Strasourg
have the advantage, denied to some besiegers, of
knowing well what obstacles they have to overcome.
Hundreds of their countrymen have bad to leave the
place within the last five weeks, after living and
working there for years. They evidently also kno .v
precisely the number of troops within. Since with
this knowledge they have undertaken to capture the
place, it Is probable that they see their way to doing
so without loss of time.
FJtEXClI ASP GERMAN UNITY.
The OHkIo of the French and German Nr.
tlonallttea, and Gradual Development Into
their Present Htatua. -
In an article on "French and German Unity,"
the London Saturday Review says: '
Let us look at things from We beginning. What
is Germany ? What is France ? Germany is an an
cient kingdom which gradually lost Its unity, which
gradually split up into various independent States,
and several of whose frontier pro inces have been
swallowed up by France itself. It is now accom
plishing, wemay a'most say that it has accomplished,
the restoration of its internal unity. We have yet
to see whether the restoration of its unity will be
followed by any conquest at the expense of
France Itself, or even by tho milder process of win
ning back what France has conquered from Ger
many. What, on the other hand, is France? On the
most favorable view, a view of courtesy rather than
of truth, It is a sister kingdom of Germany, called
into being at the same time, which ran the same
course with swifter steps, which fell asunder sooner
than Germany, which reunited itself sooner than
Germany, and which, as soon as the process of re
union was done, began, perhaps through an un
avoidable impulse of human nature, to extend its
borders at the expense of Its neighbors. This, we say,
Is the view most favorable to France. It places
the two kingdoms side by side. It gives each
a perfectly parallel career, and If It is ominous f
futuro wrongs to be done by Germany to France, It
at least shows that they will be only an "eye for an
eye and a tooth" that the wrongs which may pos
sibly be some day done by Germany will only be a
strict return for the wrongs that have been already
done by France. In this view we take them as sister
klnKdoms, springing out of the divisions of the great
FranklBh Empire in the ninth century. No earlier
origin can possibly be given to modern France. We
do not feel quite comfortable in not insisting on an
origin a hundred years later. Dreams about France
representing Roman Gaul, dreams about France
representing the Carol ingian empire, must of course
be laid aside. They are dreams and nothing more.
The conquered Gaul can have no right to give him
self out as the heir either of his Koman or of his
German conqueror. It is enough that he has suc
cessively niched the name of beth. . It was as a
Roman that the Frank conquered him, and it is now
as a Frenchman that he goes forth against the real
representative of the ancient Frank. Nothing In
any way answering to the modern French country
or nation existed before the divisions of the ninth
century. Roman Gaul, as we have already said, was
an artificial division, including Germans, Celts, and
iberlans,and it is only oneof these three that modern
France can have the slightest claim to represent.
Ihe German kingdom of toe Franks, sometimes
united,' sometimes divided into several under its
Merovingian kings, answers to nothing in earlier or
later geography. Tne immediate Prankish dominion
tw it in a large part both of Northern Germany and
of Northern Gaul, and held neighboring States, like
Aqultalne, Brittany, and Bavaria, in such degrees
of precarious dependence as Its fluctuating strength
from time to time contrived. It left it name equally
on Gaulish and on German grouml. There was a
Franeia Teutonic as well as a t'rancia Latvia, an
OiiidaU& as well as an Oeeidentalis, and at this day
if there are FrancaU there are also I 'ranken, But
to this earlier Franeia, a Francia which indeed took
in both farts and Mainz, but which did uot take in
Bordeaux and Toulouse, modern France has
nothing in common but the name. With the
lesser Franeia tho Weetrm or Latin fraicia that
is, roughly, the land between the 1-otr and the Maes
modern France has so much to do that it has gra
dually grown out of it, but we can hardly suppose
the great nation to be so enamored of antiquity as
to wish to withdraw from these narrow limit. . The
plain fact is that the duchy of Fiance grew into
the kingdom, and the kingdom thinks good to call
itself an empire. But we suppose we must be a
little more civil than this. Some sort of foreshadow
ing of modern France did for the first time come
into the world in the course of the ninth century.
H came Into the world by an accident. Lewis the
Pious bad given his favorite son Charles the king
dom of Neustria, that is, roughly speaking, Usui
north of the Loire ; next, when ho had the
chance, he gave rum the kingdom of Aqultaino also,
and the two together, which had never before
obeyed the same immediate ruler, formed something
which may be called a dim foreshadowing of modern
France. A State arose a great iea'. smaller than
modern France, whose natural frontiers to the east
were the Rhone, the Saoue, and the Maes, but which
stretched further than modern France to the north
and south in the parts of Flanders and Barcelona.
Like other kingdoms at .the time, It had no fixed
name; it was "Hi gnuin Occidentale'' aud the like,
but it also showed a tendency, like some other king
doms, to take the uame of its first King, As Lothar
gave his same to Lotharingia,, Lothringen, Lor
raine, it seemed at first as if Charles the
Bald was going to give his name to Caro
lingia, Karhugen, Uliarlaiu. . But for another
accident, is might have been the great and glorious
Empire of Charlalne. But the lux Karolorui or
Jiarlenttuvt, was, of all contemporary Kings, the one
who displayed the least power of keeping his do
minions together. Ho was of course a Ht tYeji-
euruin. one Of the Sever! Ktme b'mumruM amiuiir
whom the great Franklsh dominion had split up.
Chance combined In two ways to make him the 8'n-'
bio jirx eraneotuin, auu to give bis land the distiuc-'
uyo umur oi rraoce. Tne otner Hut rrau-ru,k
merged that title lu a higher one ; Impel ator Untr
Augustas Sad no need to commemorate his Frank IhIi'
title, on the other band the Lake of the Latin
France, tho most powerful vastials of the Western
Kingdom, strove for and at last won the Weutern
crown. The land lost all enanoe of being any longer
CharUin., and by some caprioe of furiaae it nover
H;aeuyvwan. l&e .4it of the
i
Duchy gradually spiral itself over the kingdom, of
whicn dukes had become kings. In ages long after
the honse of France had risen to royalty men would
still have been amazed at the Idea of a France which
spread itself beyond the Loire or thj Rhone. But
It gradually maoe its way. The kingdom gradually
swallowed op all the Hers It held of It. Three alone
have escaped Barcelona, cut off by the Pyrenees ;
Flanders, which passed into the hands or a mightier
master; and that Insular Normandy which is still
held by the heir of Kolf and William.
Then France, originally a single duchy, became
coextensive with the kingdom of which it formed a
part. It grew in Gaul as Wessex grew lu England,
as Castile grew in Spain, as Prussia has grown In
Germany; and when the fiefs which had been held
of the kingdom had been incorporated, the next
step was for the newly-formed power to stretch
forth Its hands to seize such neighboring territories
as lay temptingly within Its grasp. The successive
stealings of six centuries at tne expense of the
three of the three Imperial kingdoms, from Lyons
in the thirteenth century to Savoy in the nine
teenth, mark how .truly the unity of France
has been a standing menace, a stand
ing wrong, to its neightws. At last
the tables seem to be turned, we do not suppose
that the German conqueror will proclaim the lode,
pendence of Normandy or Gasoony, or that he ex
pects to be welcomed as a deliverer by discontented
Normans and Gascons. But such a proclamation,
such a hope, would not be a wblt more unjust, not a
whit more chimerical than the dream which Prance
cherished a few days back, that Westphallans.
Saxons, or Bwabians would fall away from the cause
Of Germany at her bidding.
GERMANY AND AMERICA.
The Principles Kepreeented by Fraueo and
Prnssla An Appeal to the People of the
Totted States.
The convention of delegates representing the
German Patriotic Aid Society, held lately in
Chicago, have prepared an address to the
American people, from which the following
passages are extracted:
When Louis Bonaparte strangled the French Re
public, be found it necessary to call upon the people
for the ratification of his eoup d'etat. The President
became Emperor "through the mercy of Divine
Providence and the will of the people of France."
"Divine Providence," he asserted, approved his
Jerjurv, and the French nation desired that hencc
orth the will of the perjurer should be the will
of France. Thus the second Empire begau with
a shame'ess lie, and thereby proved itself at once
the legitimate successor of tho first, for the entire
history of the Napoleouic race Is a continual
proof that the Napoleonic system is but an im
measurable lie. The first Napoleon proclaimed
himself the banner-bearer of the French Republic,
which pretended to draw the sword but In Its own
defense. Napoleon III says "The Empire is
peace !'' During the reign of Napoleon I, as well
as that or Nanoleon III, the history of France, how
ever, is an uninterrupted array of aggressive wars.
With soldiers they erected the throne, and bayonets
have ever been their sole foundation. The Empire
is war military glory la the only basis upon which
the Napoleonic dynasty can rest.
The world-wide power of Napoleon I succumbed
when the German people arose, aud against the
tottering throne of Napoleon 111 united Germauy
now stands arraigned under a strong aud powerful
leader. 1 he final result canuot be doubtful. Napo
leon himself has proclaimed "A great peoplo,
battling for a just cause, cannot be conquered."
France, however, is torn within itself; it is the Em
peror who goes to battle, and his cause is aocarsed,
for he wages a most groundless and aggressive war
simply and solely for the purpose of patching up his
crumbling throne for his son with the blood of the
German nation. Upon tho German side alone battles
a people a people united and determined and its
cause is Just, for it defends its honor and its soil. In
this war the King of Prussia is merely the leader,
the unanimously recognized leader of the nation.
Ever since Napoleon's declaration of war, united
German? sprung into life, recosrnizlnar but one nartr
In this cause. 4ie German party."
The United'bcates first proclaimed the two prin
ciples that the source of sovereignty is not in the
minces, but in the peoplo, and that no nation has
the right to Interfere with the internal affairs of
another. These two principles are the foundation
of modern politics, and Germany defends them in
this war. Napoleon has presumed to dictate to
Spain to whom she shall offer her crown, and to the
King of Prussia whom ho shall forbid to aooept it.
With the same right ho commanded tho Mexicans to
accept a ruler chosen by himself. In Mexico the
United States put in their veto, because they would
not tolerate a violent infringement of these two
principles upon the American continent. Can
they now, without being inconsistent and false
to their principles, sanction Napoleon's demands re
garding the Spanish question 1 But the question of
the SpanlBh crown was only an empty pretext for
the war. The real cause lies in the results of the
battle of Sadowa. FYance was no longer the first
power in Europe, and Napoleon feared the increas
ing power of Prussia. His fears were well founded,
for the suiMequent conduct of the southern Ger
mans has shown that, to them, the transformation
of Prussia Into Germany is not the most terrible
of tenors. In Germany the mechanic and laborer
gathered together the scanty savings of a lifetime
for Investment in American securities, for he always
cherished the faith that, in the end, lustice and
liberty would triumph. If there are those who are
still unconvinced, perhaps their own interest may
Induce them to grant their sympathy to the German
cause. The agricultural and commercial Interests
of the United tttates demand a speedy and complete
sni!cess of the German arms. Germany has sent us
until now about 100,000 emigrants per year. This
immigration, which was principally Instrumental in
transforming the wilds of the West into a blooming
landscape, ceases entirely during the war. What an
immense capital In money and labor is withheld
from the ignited States simply because Napoleon
saw fit to Interrupt the natural progress of events!
And only If Germany is victorious will this capi
tal again direct Its steady now to this republic. If
she is conquered and beaten In this struggle, then
for many, many years but a meagre stream or
German money and of German labor - will
tend toward these shores. Thus the identity of po
litical principles, consanguinity, and the friendship
of a hundred years, and, at last, commercial and
agricultural interests, naturally engage the sympa
thies of the American people In favor of the German
cause. ' We do not expect or desire tnat you should
meddle in the strife. We would be the first to
counsel strict neutrality, and. In the mode and
manner of assistance which we ourselves render to
our brethren, we will, in the future, as we have In
the past, circumscribe our action strictly by the laws
of the country. But as we can demonstrate our
active sympathy without violating the neutrality
laws, so may the nativo-born American.
If the decision of America is emphatically in favor
of the German cause, then the decision of ntstory is
settled in advance. But if you believe that our
brothers are bletdiog for your cause as well as for
their own, then, we implore you, let your aets de
monstrate your conviction. Do not now close your
hand, which heretofore has always been generously
open wherever Buttering was to be appeased orteara
to be dried. Yon yourself have experienced with what
different emotions the soldier faces the enemv's tire
when he knows that the suifercr in the hospital and
the widows and orphans at home will meet with kind
hearts and compassionate handa The oonsct Mis
nets to have joined bands wiih us in assisting bleed
ing Germany wiil ever bi blensiog tu you, and it
is in the nature of things tnat the moral and mate
rial assistance which America extends to Germany
will be returned a thoiuaudfold, for this war can
only terminate with the O'linplete annihilation of
all "Napoleonic ideas," and with the permanent
creation of a united Germany, a result whioli, for
years and score of years, will secure the peae of
Europe. .
THIERS OS THE WAR.
9e Uooernnieot orund mf loraparliy It,
e A coe franco wao Not Heady for the ;oalllei.
la the session of the Corps Leglslatif on the
11th inst., as briefly summarized by cable, M.
Keraty demanded a parliamentary inquiry on
the war, which was not conceded, aud M. Guyot
Montpayroax inquired who was in eommand of
the army. Count Palikao answered Marshal
Bazaine, and then M. Thiers rose. His speech,
which is now of special significance, as he has
been since Wednesday a member of the Com
mittee of Defense, was as jollows:
I apologize to the Chamber for intervening in this
discussion 1 do so only to calm the emotion of all
by defining the question at Issue. The Minister of
War, in telling the Chamber who commands the
army, nas recoguued a right belonging to the
Chamber, always lu eon testable, and which It 14
1 urgently necessary to exercise at present. (ZVm
, rrui bien.) lex, tne oouniry nii.tt know tnat the
Obaniber is a cilug with vigilance, and that it re
nounces no part of the power which it desires It
should liberally command. (Waru approval from
tuo Left) I have rejected the propos:uon of M.
Koratry ; . first, because in Ui agitation of
the moment we cannot . be -. jui tr
lin, trt$ v ' fc.ct), au J net, because
fcattiU Lcbttuf, wttflD J roepeci jrottUjt U.i
DOUBLE SHEET THREE CENTS.
whose blindness I deplore. Is no longer Major-General
; he is in the Held, and wo should be silent tor
the moment. (Renewed appprobatlon.) But it must
not be concluded from our attitude that we are in
dulgent toward the blindness which gave ns war.
The world is surprised at our t Has torn, a fact at once
ciuel and consoling for ns. When we were fighting
against the coalition, we were exposed to defeat,
but the greatness of the conflict preserved the
national honor. Vo-day we are contending onlr
with one power, and the world is astonished at our
reverses. What is the explanation of this? France
was not ready I Cet vraU Tret bin! trr
bien !) Fifteen Says ago I did not say all (interrup
tion) I could not say all. I bad formal proof that
France was not ready! (Noise.) I never did a more
patriotic act in my life than on that day. (Applause
on the Left.) No! France was not ready, and- it Is
Important that it should be known. It is the only
explanation of our reverses. It was the strongest
motive I had for opposing the war. Not we were
not ready. I told the Ministers so, and that is why
I deplored the vote for war. Well, gentlemen, I
pray you, I supplicate you, that your attitude now
shall mean only this ; we are not calm enough to bo
Just; we do not desire to withdraw a single brave
soldier from the field, but we do not convey that
France was In our opinion ready.
Count De la Tour She was not, but she is going
to be.
M. Thiers What other explanation can be given
for receBt events than this: France was not ready,
and the Government was Incapable? (Interruptloa)
If you wish to shield these men, you compromise
the country. (Tree bien, tree bien.) I do not cer
tainly desire to overwhelm unfortunate men, and
add to the sorrow which must fill their hearts; but
men must not be defended at the expense of the
country. (Applause on several benches.)
M. Ilaentjcns No one defends them.
M. Jonrdaln This is not a time for recrimina
tions ; it is a time for action. (Noise.)
M. Thiers Once more I ask the Chamber not to
make the world believe that France was ready.
France and all nations see the heroism of our sol
diers; but there was absolute Incapacity in the
management of affairs. Let ns not weaken an ex
planation which shields us In the eyes of the world.
(Renewed applause on the Left)
The President The incident Is closed.
The Chamber proceeded to consider the question
of arming the National Guard.
OBITUARY.
Prlneo Fella Balm-Halm. '
Prince Felix Salm-Salm, who fell at the battle of
Gravelotte, belonged to the Austrian house of Saltn
Salm, the head of which is Prince Alfred, who holds
many titles. He is a member of the Prussian House
of Lords, and also has an honorary position among
the Knights of Malta. The deceased prince was his
brother, and was born December SS, 1828. He mar
ried m New York the daughter of Colonel LeClerq, on
the 31th of August, 1862, an alliance which proved
distasteful to his family, and caused his exclusion
from the Austrian Court
The Prince served la our array during part of the
late war. bavlug been at one time In command of a
regiment of the aita Corps and pos t commander at
Alalanta towards tho end of the war. On the occa
sion of Maximilian's accession to the throne he ap
pointed him bis aide-de-camp and chief of his house
hold. During the checkered career of the Emperor
Prince Felix remained devoted to his interests, and
was baptured with him at Queretaro. The
Princess was indefatigable in her exertions
en the downfall of the Emperor to
mitigate his fate, and arranged tho interview at
queretaro on the Slst of May. 1867, In which Maxi
milian and Prince Felix conferred with Escobedo.
The oiler to abdicate and leave the country made at
that conference was rejected, and Prince Felix
seemed destined for the same late as the Emperor.
He was, however, released soon after the Empe
ror's execution, aud returned to Europe, where he
enicrea tne Trussian service as major Of the 4tu
Regiment of Grenadiers of the Prussian Royal
Guard. ... .
HIGHWAYMEN ON THE PLAINS.
How Wells, Farto A S3o.n Mtasre Vaa Robbed
A PaftMonaer'a (Story.
A paeeCDger on Wells, Fargo & Co.'s coach
writes from Corinne, Utah, to the Helena
Herald, under date of August 6lh:
Reaching Pleasant Valley about 9 P. M.,
Thursday, I saw indications of Borne anxiety on
the part of the driver and guard, both of
whom were armed with shot guns and revolvers.
We passed the first station south of Pleasant
Valley safely, but it was betweon this and the
next that we expected ' tho fun. Lieutenant
Hamilton, of Fort Ellis, was with me, and the
three Chinamen. I only had one weapon of de
fense. We were all now watchful, and as the
coach aacendedfroui the bed of Dry creek -this
is what caught our ears: Click I click 1 click I
Halt ! I and like an apparition the road agents
sprang from the rocks a few feet irotn
the coach. One drew his Henry
rifle n the leaders, the next on the
driver, and the third paid his compliments to
the lieutenant and myself by placing the muzzle
of his needle-gun . in rather uncomfortable
proximity to our ears, and as the driver pithily
remarked, "the muzzles of them rifles appeared
as large as a nine-inch stove-pipe !" I instantly
seized my "navy" but a touch of caution from
Hamilton advised patience. Not knowing what
the issue of the affair might be, I concealed my
money in the cushion of my seat by cutting a
bole in the leather; my companion bad pre
viously placed his in the band of bis drawers.
The Chinamen bad by this time awoke and
began their gibberish. I silenced them, and
then noted the progress of affairs outside. The
driver put on the brake the moment they chal
lenged him. 11c asked what they wanted.
"The treasure boxes," said they.
. "All right," said the driver, "here they are,"
and threw out the light one (from Virginia City,
I believe).
"You have another of these fish f " said the
leader.
i "Yes, M was the reply.
; "Throw it out," was the command.
This was done, and stepping aside he picked
up an axe and b chopping the light one
open. It took him Vhitcen ron. tpW, aud hard
work at that. He emptied its contents.
"There's nothing In that box," he said, evi
dently mnch enraged.
He next attacked the Helena box, which con
tained about ttJOOO, I believe. He remarked to
the driver during the progress of opening the
boxes that he was sorry to detain us so long,
but it could not be helped; that these things
would occur in the best regulated families!
"Are there any passengers aboard," he said,
when he got through with the boxes.
"Yes, said the driver, "three Chinamen and
two white men."
"Get out, John," in a voice that could not be
mistaken. We told the boys to get out. They
were very unwilling to go but they finally
turned out. The leader held his rifle to their
heads and demanded their money. With many
protestations of poverty they said they had
none one said, ''two dollars hap allee, no
more,." They would not be satisfied, but with
fearful imprecations they told them that they
would shoot tberu where they stood If they did
not disgorge. Una by one ho stripped off their
tunics aud boots and took what they had. The
third and last, w ho bad tho large-1 amount of
money (fSOO), strung around his neck or in a
belt, he bandied very roughly, lie took tils
long knife (about twelve inches) and ripped
shirt, vest, and coat from top to bottom, and
the gold fell out with a heavy "thud" to the
ground. Having fioialied, they ordered them
Into the coach and told the driver to "go on,"
much to our relief indeed, for I fully expected
that we would bo next we can not explain
their partiality lu our favor, but think that they,
were afraid to attempt to force us out. . , .
I could easily have killed two of them, but it
would have been at tbo expense of the life of
one of the utea on the box, an Issue which I did
not like tt force. The hind curUins being
down, none of them could observe our move
ments hence. I bad the "drop" ou auy oue of
them except tne man who covered the driver,,
who was a little too fjr. Thus ended my ex
perience with the Road Agents of Montana, of
whom I have heard and read so much. (
A young lady of Pittsburg, Pa.,' who bad
been grievously wroaged by her lover, reluct
antly kept op a correspondence until she suc
ceeded in involving him in a dltliculty which
has culminated in bis arrest and imprisonment.
tilt cow prtiesttA to be satisfied.
ADMiJtAL DAVID D. POHTSR.' v
It is announced that Vice-Admiral Porter has been
appointed Admiral in the United states navy, to mi
the vacancy occasioned by the death of Admiral
Farragut His commission Is dated August 80.
This naval officer was the son of Oommodoad
David Tortcr, who was a distinguished officer in the
war of lm, at which time he commanded the frigate)
Essex. The son David D. was bora In Pennsylva
nia at tho beginning of the war, and afterward
served with his father in the West Indies. He tt
eelved a rudimentary education, and in 1829 entered
the navy as midshipman from his native State. . Ia
1880 De went to the Mediterranean, attached to the
frigate Constellation, and served In the Medl terra
nean squadron until 1836, be.ng successive!
with the frigate United States and the llne-of battle
ship Delaware. Hebeeams passed midshipman in
18;is. and was then oMered to the coast survey." A
lieutenant's commission was given him in 1R41, and
in 1W3 he was again ordered to the Mediterranean
with the frigate Congress. In the Mexican war he
did active service both at sea and on land, aud took
part in all the Important naval operations and seve
ral of the land attacks. When the war was con
cluded he was again ordered to the coast survey,
and afterwards commanded the United States man
steamer Georgia, running to Panama, in which posl.
tion he became very well known.
In 1861, at the beginning of the late war, he ob
tained the rank of 'commander, and took charge of
the frigate Powhatan in the expedition to relnforoo
Sumter. Arter the fall of that fort, he disembarked
troops at Fort Pickens, who wero able to re
tain the possession of the stronghold to the Govern
ment -
On being ordered North, he took charge of the
mortar flotilla then fitting out to aid Admiral Farra
gut in the attack on New Orleans.
He began the bombardment of Forts Jackson
and St Philip, which, with the Iron-clad fleet, con
stituted the defenses of the city of New Orleans, on
the 11th of April, 1863. For six days and six nights .
the fleet kept up a continuous and steady fire, when
the powerful forts were so weakened that It
was thought possible for the vessels to pass. These
forts, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel nigglna,
and the coast defenses, nnder Brigadier-General
Duncan, surrendered to Porter on the 88th of the
same April. The capture of New Orleans was
effected with terrlflo lighting with the iron-dads,
rams, and gunboats.
Forter remained In charge of the mortar flotilla
until July, 1863, co-operating with Admiral FarraguS
In all the operations on the Mississippi from New
Orleans to Vicksburg.
At about this time he obtained the rank of acting
Bear-Admiral and took charge of the Mississippi
squadron. This squadron he hlmsea created, and
formed into a good fighting body. He had here
command of one hundred and twenty-five vessels,,
which were before but river steamboats, but which
were made good war vessels by means of plating,
and by their armament pud equipment in this fleet
there were thirteen hundred officers, of whom not
more than twenty-five belonged to the regular navy.
The rest were mostly Western steamboat men,' with
no knowledge whatever of naval tactics and disci
pline. . , . -
By dint of hard labor these all became, In a short
time, valuable and trustworthy. This fleet captured
Arkansas post and destroyed the batteries at Grand
Gulf; it also greatly assisted at the capture of Ticks
burg by General Giant oa July 4, 1863. During the
siege of this place, the fleet shelled the city and the
works beyond for fo.ty successive days. Heavy
guns also wero landed from the fleet and manned
by men from Porter's command. These naval land
batteries, the mortar boatf, and tho gunboats com
bined, threw about sixteen thousand shells into the ;
city and works previous to the surrender. , ,
The fleet co-operated in the Ohio river In the chase ,
or five hundred miles and the recapture of Morgan
the raider. They also cleared the Yazoo river, and
ascended the Red river to Springfield Landing, where
the news of the disaster of General Banks' army "
compelled them to draw back.' At Grand Eoore the '
safety of the vessels was Imperilled by the falling of
the water in the river, but by the device of one of
the officers thsy were all gotten safely over the bar.' '
By means of the fleet the Mississippi was kept open A
to its mouth during the whole of this tlme. -.' '
In 1864 Rear-Admiral Porter was ordered to the -North
to command the North. Atlantic Squadron,
which bad been greatly enlarged both, for the pur-'
poses of blockade and the attack on Fort Fisher, .
with the object of obtaining command . of the -port .
of Wilmington. The fleet consisted of all the avail- i
able vessels commanded by the best officers.'. It u
sailed In December from Hampton Roads for Bean-.,
fort, N. C. Thirty vessels, five lron-clads, and a
reserve of nineteen other vessels, were made ready , v
for the attack on the works at the mouth of the Cape "
Fear river. These were silenced, but the failure Of
General Butler to cooperate,' and bla withdrawal,
lost the advantage for a time. Subsequently the '!
arrival ol 8800. fresh men under General Terry"
caused the operations to bo recommenced; iOar'
the 15th of January an increased ' number" of ''
vessels forty-four and a reserve of fourteen ;''
poured an Incessant fire upon the works. Fourteen '
hundred soldiers and marines were landed, who "
took part in the assault. After desperate lighting,
the works were taken at 10 o'clock at night. . The
capture embraced that of seventy-five guns, many ;
of them the finest of rifled pieces, and nineteen t
hundred prisoners. For services here rendered,
Rear-Admiral Porter received the thanks ef Goo- .
grfrss and the promotion to the rank of Vlce-Admiral , .
la place of Farragut, who was then made Admiral.
From 1866 to 1S6 Vlce-Admlral Porter has been
In charge of the Naval Academy at Annapolis. On
tiie inauguration of President Grant he was called
to Washington to act as adviser in the Navy De- '
partmeut. Bere be has remained until the present .
time, and is now called from duty in that capacity to .
bis labors as Admiral.
i nAKCL AMU COMMEItUC.
Eykniho Teuobapb OrncaJ ,
FruUr, Ad. 3d, IWU.
The main features of the money market are
uuiiiabged. There is a steady demand for car-
rency, but the supply, especially at the banks,
is chort and likely to be more scarce as the sea- .
eoBwearsou. Very few of them are discount-. ,
ing except for their best customers, and even. .
then only short date paper is taken np, which ,
for purposes of business is little better than a '
demand loan. Rates are very steady but not '
materially higher, though the tendency is nu
iDittak ably in that direction. ,
Gold was active aud steady, with sales rang.
lngfromllr)X110M closing at Govern
ment are dull but a fraction stronger.
The stock market continues, quiet but firm..
Sales of tho war loan at 104 g and State sixes,
1st series, at 104 6; City sixes, new, sold at '
101?;(a , and Lehigh gold loaa atS8. ' -
Reading Railroad was quiet but Steady; sales - 1
at 47. i'ennsj lvanla was weak; solos at 58. ..
Small sales of Oil Creek and Allegheny at 44. ..
In canal stocks the only sales were In Schuyl- ,
kill preferred at 16. The balance of the list ,
was neglected. " "'
, PHILADELPHIA STOCK EXCHANGE BALES.'' T ".
Reported by De Haven Bro., No. 40 S. Third street. '
r I KST BOAKIX
1100 City 6S, New.lul
:-wo do ls.101
. fiou Pass W LCp.l04,'j
. $HKK) Read 6s, 4S-80 86
tiocuN l'cuiia 1U8..11
iJOOoLeh Gold L... "
Monday.... 84
25 sh Penna Itla.sS wv
ahEPeunaH..;
100 so Read K...1S. 47Jf -
Nibk a Ladnkk, Brokers,
finld Quotations as follows :
report this morning
10-ttlA.M.
llS'i 10 45 A
M.
. 116'
..ni
..ii
10-4!0
10-iJ
.116 11 na
.11,UT1
116.
-I
- MKHf Bt. WirxiAU Fainter k Co., No. 36 9. Third
street, report tho following quotations : U. 4. 4s of
181. 1 14 j 4114.; 6-osoflSJi,Ul',,4n8r do, 164,
llli$lll.!,: do. 1800, lll'jniuj do., July, laor
11tX,lUV ! do., JU!y, lbOT, 1104ll0 ; do. J
lb8,110,ailit": DO.Vi-SO. 105,vil0t; U. H. P"
Kit ty. tfs. 1UXU& Gold. 116i4UX.