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TOL. XIV NO. 3G.
PHILADELPHIA, FRIDAY, AUGUST 12, 1870.
DOUBLE SHEET THREE CENTS.
Li , 1 1 ii l i n u
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FIRST EDITION
THE WAR IN EUROPE.
The House of Orleans.
Its Chances for tho Throne.
A. History of tlio Lino.
Sketches of the Exiled Frinces
War Reports by Mail.
The Frontier of the Rhine.
The Contraband Coal Question.
Bismarck's Diplomatic Note.
The Neutrality of Austria.
PJapolcou Doomed to Defeat.
Etc. Htc.t Etc., Etc.. Etc.
the iiousb or ohleans.
ITS TROSPECTS OF RESTORATION.
The Foundation and History of the Line Ita
Affinity to the Old-time Bourbona Kln JLoula
Philippe and Ills I.IvIor Descendants Ho w
they are Awaiting their Opportunity
France 11 aa a Chance for Wt ability and Hue.
ceaa Hketchea of the Principal Members of
the Family.
Taking it altogether, tbe reign of Louis
Tbilippe was a more signal failure than has been
hat of the third Napoleon. The latter, up to a
recent date, gave France stability of govern
ment, which the former failed most signally to
achieve. Naturally of a liberal tendency, to
which he owed his elevation to the throne, his
besetting sin was Indecision and vacillation, and
to this he owed his downfall. But the star of
the House of Orleans is again in the ascendant,
and public opinion all over Europe very plainly
points to tbe heir of Louis Philippe as the pos
sible successor of the charlatan soldier who has
led the armies of France to defeat, and brought
a proud and patriotic people to the verge of
national ruin. The out-and-out -Bonaparte
Ministry which, under the leadership of the
veteran Palikao, has displaced the so-called
"constitutional" Cabinet of Ollivler, and is sub
mitted to by the frenzied people of France for
the time, because they are in a desperate strait
and must recognize some faction for their
leaders, holds its power by the most insecure
and flimsy of tenures. If, under the direc
tion of Palikao and Trochu, the
beaten and bailled armies of the Emperor
succeed in holding the victorious Germans at
bay, and ultimately in driving them across the
border, the present irresponsible ministry may
be able to tide over the crisis. If, under their
direction, the French army succeeds In pene
trating the enemy's lines and forcing its way to
Berlin, the throne of JNapoleon Is secure, the
succession of the "tranquil infant" is assured,
and the farce of "constitutional" government In
France at an end for years to come. But if
disaster follows quick npon disaster, Palikao
will be sacrificed as was Ollivier, Trochu will
share tbe fate of LeBoeuf, and Napoleon will
return to Paris neither dead nor victorious, In
this event the House of Orleans presents to the
people of France a possible hope of
salvation. The old legitimate line of Bourbons
Is practically extinct and out of the question; to
lay tbe foundations of a republic In such peril
ous times as the present is almost impossible,
land France, in her despair rather than from her
own free will, may turn to the Count de Paris
with shouts of " Vim le Boi!" With such a con
tingency in store, the exiled princes are ln
, vested with an importance which warrants a
f passing notice.
I The Houae of Orleana.
The region of France in which the city of
Orleans is situated, and of which it was the
capital, formed successively a viscounty ana a
county under the Carlovingian andCapetlan
dynasties. In 1344 it was created a duchy and
peerage by Philip VI of France, and by him
bestowed as an appanage upon his son Philip,
who died In 1375. From that time, besides
several princes of the royal family who occa
sionally bore the title, it was held by three faml
ties or branches first, by that of Orleans-Valols
(from 1393 to 1498; second, by the first House of
Orleans-uonr Don, irom ltwo to iouu; and, third,
by the second House of Orleans-Bourbon, from
1600 to 1843. The last:named family originated
with Philip, the brother of Louis XIV, and reck
oned among Its members Philip, the regent
under the minority of Louis XV; Louis Philippe
Joseph, who was known as Philippe Egalite
during the- first French Revolution; and Louis
Philippe, who was King of tbe French from
1830 to 1848. His eldest son, Ferdinand Philippe,
who died in 1812, was the last who held the title
of Duke of Orleans.
Ioola Philippe. Klac ol the Preach,
was born in Paris, October ti, 1773, and died in
exile, near London, August 2t5, 1850. He was the
eldest son of Philippe Egalite, the fifth Duke of
Orleans of his house, and a great grandson of the
i Regent Philip, brother of Louis XIV, who ended
a stormy career at tbe guillotine in Paris, on
November 3, 1793. His mother, the Princess
Louise Marie Amelie de Bourbon-Penthlevre,
was the granddaughter of the Count of Toulouse,
'natural but legitimate offspring of Louis XIV
and Madame de Montespan. lous avi was
his godfather, and Queen Marie' Antoinette his
godmother. He followed bis father s example,
asd gave in his adherence to the principles of
the Revolution, rising to popularity by taking
an active part in the jacobin Club. lie par
ticipated, as lieutenant-general, in several en
gagements, but subsequently fell under bus-
picion of being implicated in the alleged con
spiracies of Dumouriez, and became In conse
quence a wanderer through Europe. In Nov
ember, 1793, when the news of his father's
execution reached him, he was engaged in
teaching mathematics and geography in a
German boarding-school. On October 21, 1790,
he landed In Philadelphia, and passed three
years in making the tour of the United States,
in company with his brothers. On November
25, 1809, he was married at Palermo, Italy, to
the Princess Marie Amelie, daughter of Ferdi
nand I, King of Naples, and of Maria Carolina,
Archduchess ot Austria, who was a sister of the
Empress Maria Theresa ot Austria, and an
aunt of Maria Christina of Spain, of the ex
Grand Duchess of Tuscauy, and of the Empress
of Brazil.
On the restoration of the elder branch of the
Bourbon family, with whom he had been recon
ciled in 1799, he returned to France, in 1814,
after an exile of twenty-ou4 years, his rank in
the army and the family estates being restored
to him. The return of Napoleon from Elba
caused him to seek safety in England again,
until after the battle of Waterloo. Ills protest
against the reactionary policy of Louis XVIII
sent him into exile still again, but he was per
mitted to return to France in 1817, and in 1834,
on the accession of Charles X, with whom he
was on friendly terms, the title of royal high
ness was accorded him.
In the revolution of July, 1830, which
overthrew Charles X, his name oc
curred to LaGtte, Beranger, and the other popu
lar leaders, as the only one who could rally the
nation in support of constitutional monarchy.
On August 7, by a vote of 219 out of 253, he
was4elected King of the French by the Cham
bers, the press approving the choice of the
deputies, despite the protestations of Chateau-
briand,and on August 9 he was solemnly crowned
at the Palais Bourbon. The first six years of
his reign were passed in combatting the legiti
mist, Bonaparte, and Republican factions, and
after that time had elapsed his reign continued
one of almost Incessant tribulation, Guizot,
Lafitte, Perier, Soult, Thiers, Mole, rising to and
falling from power, successively and repeatedly,
while difficulties with foreign powers were
almost always on hand.
Finally, in 1847, bread riots broke out in
various parts of the kingdom, caused by failure
of the crops, and while the people were thus
agitated banquets for the discussion of political
reform were held at the capital. One of these,
announced to be held on February 23, 1848, was
opposed by the Government, the result of which
was that, on the 23d, the streets of Paris were
once more filled with barricades. The King,
terrified and vacillating, abdicated in favor of
his grandson; but this concession came too late,
and the Chamber of Deputies finally sanctioned
the overthrow of the monarchy on the 24tb.
Louis Philippe and his family again went into
exile. The old King reached England with diffi
culty on March 4, and passed the remainder of
his life at Claremont, the palace of the King of
the Belgians, near London. The ex-Queen,
Marie Amelie, survived until May 24, 1806, being
universally respected and admired by all who
were admitted to her limited circle of acquaint
ances.
The Descendants of Louis Philippe.
The eldest son of Louis Philippe, Ferdinand
Philippe, who was known first as the Duke de
Chartres, and subsequently as the Duke of
Orleans, was born at Palermo, September 3,
1810, and was killed by being thrown from his
carriage by ungovernable horses, on July 13,
1842. This tragedy sent a thrill of horror through
all France, for the heir of the old King was uni
versally beloved on account of his manly quail
ties and noble bearing on the held ol battle, as
well as his devotion to the best interests of
France and the principles of constitutional gov
ernment. If the career of the last Duke of
Orleans had not been suddenly and tragically
terminated, the Kevoiution oi 1848 would pro
bably never have occurred, and Louis Napoleon
Bonaparte would still have been a seedy adven
turer, haunting the clubs of London and writing
books about his illustrious uncle.
The Duke of Orleans married, May SO, 1837,
the Princess Helene, of Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
an amiable and accomplished lady, who died in
Richmond, England, May 18, 1858. By her he
had two sons, Louis Philippe, Count de Paris,
and Robert Philippe, Duke de Chartres, both of
whom still survive, the former as the direct heir
to the Orleans-Bourbon throne.
Four sons of the Orleans King are also living
the Duke de Nemours, tbe Prince de Joinville,
the Duke d Aumale, and the Duke de Montpen
sler. Sketches of the three last named will be
found below. Tbe Duke de Nemours, the second
son, born in 1814, has four children the' Count
d'Eu, born in 1842, and married to the Princess
Isabella, eldest daughter of Dom Pedro II,
Emperor of Brazil; the Duke of Alencon, born
in 1844; the Princess Marguerite, born In 1846,
and the Princess Blanche, born in 1857.
The eldest daughter, of Louis Philippe, the
Princess Louise, who died in 1850, married
Leopold I, King of Belgium, in 1833, by whom
she had three children, two of whom survive
Leopold II, King of Belgium, born March 24,
1837; and Carlotta, the crazed widow of the
Archduke Maximilian of Austria, and Empress
of Mexico, born June 7, 1840. His second
daughter, the Princess Clementine, is the wife
of the Duke Auguste of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, of
the Koharrl or Roman Catholic branch of that
family. She has two children the Prince Au
guste, married to the Princess Leopoldlna,
second daughter of Dom Pedro II, Emperor of
Brazil, and at present an admiral in the Brazilian
navy; and another son, who is commander of a
regiment of chasseurs in the Austrian army.
Altogether, the direct living descendants of
Louis Pbilippe number about thirty-five, an en
viable number in comparison with the one
"tranquil Infant" who make) up the family of
Napoleon. Of the laadlng and most prominent
members of the family we.present brief sketches.
ILeule Philippe d'Orleana, Count de Pari
eldest son ot tbe last Duke of Orleans, and grand
son ot Louis Philippe, was born at Paris August M,
1938, he was carefully educated by bis mot Her, wti
endeavored to Inspire him and bis brother, the Duke
de Chartres, with the principles of his father, and
make them unqualified friends of constitutional
liberty. In this she did" not entirely pleas her
father-in-law, Louis Philippe, who, a few mouths
after tbe death of her husband, caused a bill of
regency to be presented ;to the Chambers, depriv
ing herd tbe rights which belonged to ber according
to the usages of the French monarchy.
Tbe Count de Paris was scarcely ten years old
when the Kevoiution of February, 1843, broke out.
Accompanied by his heroic mother and the Duke de
Chartret.fcs was present at the Chamber of Deputies
on tbe memorable W.a of February, and was on the
point of being proclaimed king under the regency of
the Duchess of Orleans, when a frenzied crowd
that would not be content with the mere abdication
of tbe King invaded tbe hall and turned tbe chances
against him. With extreme difficulty they were
saved frcm tbe fury of the populace. They fled first
to the Hotel des Invalldes, then secretly removed to
Sllgny, and finally succeeded in reaching Belgium
in safety. After remaining for a time at Xms,
they settled at Eisenach, through the hospitality of
the Grand Duke of Weimar, maternal uncle of the
Duchess, and subsequently took up their abode at
Claremont, with tbe rest of tbe Orleanlst exiles.
Tbe successful establishment of the Empire by
Napoleon III dissipated their hopes for the time,
and so preyed npon the mind of the anxtons mother
as to bring upon her a a illness resulting la death on
ilay 18, 1834, as already stated.
In the autumn of issi, the young Count de Fans,
accompanied by his brother, the Duke de Chartres,
and his uncle, the Prince de Joinville, came to tbe
United States, where they were courteously and
kindly received by the highest officials. General
McClellan, then in chief command of our armies,
proposed that jhe young princes should serve on his
staff, which they did, with tbe rank of captains of
volunteers, but without pay and at liberty at any
time to resign their commissions. They remained
on General McCIellan's staff until tbe conclusion of
tbe disastrous Virginia campaign of 1862 and the
retreat of the Army of the Potomac in June, when
they returned to Europe. Since then tbe Count de
Paris bas been quietly biding his time, and awaiting
just such a combination of circumstances as at
present give him a reasonable hope of ascending
the throne of bis grandfather.
Tbe Count de Paris, on May SO, 1S64, married hla
first cousin, the Princess Marie Isabelle Francolse,
eldest daughter of the Duke de Moutpensler and the
Infanta Marie Louise, sister of tho ex-Queen Isa
bella II of Spain, who was born September 21, 1848.
By ber he bas a daughter, the Princess Marie
Amelie, born In 1S65, and we believe another child
also.
A remarkable article, entitled "Germany and its
New Tendencies," which appeared in the Revue des
Deux Mondes of Paris In August, 1S67, and attracted
considerable attention, is said to have been written
by the Count de Paris.
Robert Phlllhppe Loals, Duke de Chartres, I
tbe second son of tbe last Duke of Orleans, was born
at Paris November 9, 1640. He was but two years
of age when bis father died, and only six when
driven Into exile by the dethronement of his grand.
father. He has followed tbe fortunes of his elder
brother in Europe and America. On June 11,1863,
he married his first cousin, Francolse Marie Amelie,
eldeBt daughter of the Prince de Joinville, by whom
he has had three children the Princess Marie, born
January 13, 18C5 ; the Prince Robert, born January
11, 186C, and the Prince Henri, born in 1S67.
Francois Ferdinand Philippe, Prince de Join-
vine,
third son of Louis Philippe, was born at Neullly
August 11, 1818. He received a liberal education in
tbe public colleges ef France, went to sea at the age
of thirteen, soon after his father's accession to the
throne, and, devoting himself zealously to bis pro
fession, soon became a great favorite in tbe French
navy. Being entrusted with the task of demanding
reparation from Mexico, he was present, as com-
mander of the corvette creoie, at tne Domnarament
of the castle of San Juan d'Dlloa, and entered Vera
Cruz at the head of the storming party, being the
first to enter the gates, nnder a heavy fire, and being
saved from certain death only through the devotion
of one of his officers. In 1841 he commanded the
frigate La Belle Poule, which transported to France
the remains of the First Napoleon. lie rose finally
to the - rank of Tear-atnmrai, commanded
a squadron in the war with Morocco,
bombarding Tangiers and capturing Mogador, and
for this service was promoted to iheiankof vice
admiral. He was in Algiers with his brother, the
Duke d' Aumale, at the time of tbe revolution of
February, 1848. Following bis family Into exile, he
devoted considerable time to writing articles on the
naval service for the Revue den Deux Mondes, the
last of which, published in 1865, was a comparative
review of tbe fleets of tbe United States and of
France, and excited much attention. After accom
panylng bis two nephews on their military visit to
this country, in 1861-62, he published In the Revue
de Deux Mondes a well-written and critical review of
the Virginia campaign, which he had witnessed as
an attendant upon General McCIellan's staff. On
May 1, 1843, be married, at Rio Janeiro, Donna
Franclsca de Braganza, sister of the Emperor Pedro
II of Brazil, by whom be bas had two children the
Princess Francolse Marie Amelie, born In 1844, and
married to her cousin, the Duke de Chartres; and
the Duke de Penthlevre, born in 1845.
Henri Eugene Philippe, Duke d'Aumale,
fourth son of Louis Philippe, was born at Paris
January 18, 1822. At the age or seventeen he en
tered the army; participated in the Algerian cam
paln of 1840-41, with bis brother, the Duke of Or
leans, and in 1842-43 was again In Algeria, where
he conducted one of the most brilliant campaigns of
tbe war, capturing tbe camp and all the correspond'
ence of Abd-el-Kader, together with 3600 prisoners
and an Immense treasure. He was made a lieu
tenant-general for this service, and In 1847 became
Governor-General of Algeria, which position he
filled when Abd-el-Kader surrendered. After the re
volution of Feb., 1S43, he Joined the exiled family
in England, where ge has since principally resided,
devoting himself to literary pursuits. A pamphlet
published by him In 1861 created a great sensation,
and led to a challenge to Prince Napoleon, to whom
it was addressed, and who gained but little credit in
France by refusing to meet his antagonist. Tbe
Duke d'Aumale owns several fine estates In England.
In 1844 he was married to Marie Caroline Auguste
de Bourbon, daughter of Prince Leopold of Salerno,
by whom be has bad two sons. The youngest of
these, Francois Louis Marie Philippe, Duke de
Guise, born In 18S4. is the only one now ltving.
Aatolne Marie Philippe, Uukede rtlootpenaier(
is so well known in connection with bis candidacy
for the vacant throne of Spain, that but little need
be said concerning htm. The fifth son of Louis
Philippe, be was born at Neullly July 31, 1824; en
tered tbe army in 1642 as a lieutenant of artillery ;
served In Africa In 1844-45, with distinction ; and after
a tour through the Bast, married tbe Infanta Marie
Louise Ferdlnande de Bourbon, sister of Isabella II,
then Queen of Spain. Tbe excitement and irritation
resulting Irom this master-stroke of policy on tbe
part of Louis Pbilippe nearly led to a rupture be
tween France and Jtngland. After tbe Revolution
of February, 1848, he resided for a tune In England,
bnt finally removed to Spain, where he received the
title of Infante, and the rank of Captain-General. On
tbe overthrow of Isabella II he at once became a
candidate for the throne, and his course In this mat
ter led to a duel with rrince Henri do Bourbon.
brother-in-law of the ex-Queen, and her cousin, as
well as cousin of his own wife. -
The encounter, which came off on March 13 latt,
was fatal to Prince Henri, but the only punishment
awarded the Duke was one mouth's banishment
from Madrid. Be bas two bous and four daughters
tbe Princess Marie Isabelle Francolse, born in
1848, married to her cousin, the Oount de Paris ; tbe
Princess Amelie; born in ISM ; tbe Princess Chris
tine, born in lS9; the Prince Ferdinand, born in
1859; the Princess Marie de los Mercedes, born la
1860 ; and tbe Prince Antotne, born In issa.
The Orleans Prlneea and the Present Crista la
franco.
Against the decree which, after the Re vol u
tion of February, 1848, banished the whol
Orleans family from France, the Prince de Join
ville and the ,Duke d'Aumale protested t the
time, but In vain, and 'l subsequent efforts
made by them to secure its reversal have proved
equally fuUle. Less than two months ago an
other effort was made, the princes joining In
signing the following letter to the Corps Legls-latif:
Twiceefham, Jsne 19, 187a Gentlemen :--A pro
position to abtogate the exceptional measures
which fall heavily on us has been brought before
yon. In the face, of that demand we deem It our
duty not to remain silent. Ever since 1844, under
me government oi me repuouc, we protested against
the law which exiles us one of mistrust, which
nothing then Justified; nor has aught occurred to
render it more excnsahle since that date, am we
now come forward to renew our protest before the
representatives of the nation.
It Is not a favor which we ask for, but our right
that which belongs to allTrenchmen, and of which
we only are deprived.
It is our country wnicn we ciaim, tne country
blch we love and which our family have ever
served loyally, from which none of our traditions
separate us, and the very name of which makes our
hearts beat faster, for nothing can replace, to an
exile, the Absent land of his birth.
IX)U!-1 niLIPPg D URLKANS, COUDt (16 I'ariS.
Kkakcois d'Orleaks, Prince dc Joinville.
Hbnri d'Oklkaks, Duke d'Aumale.
Robkrt d'Obleans, Duke de Uhartres.
The Marquis de Pire moved to respond in
the aflirmrative to this appeal, but the petition
was referred to tbe Committee on Petitions,
who, at the request of ai. uillvler, about a
week later reported unfavorably on the applica
tion, the Emperor intimating that the time had
not yet arrived to grant such a favor, and add
ing that he win urge tne removal of tbe re
straints whenever, In hljudgment, it is safe and
proper to do so. Yesterday, in the Corps Lcgis
latif. Deputy Estancelin repeated the motion to
abrogate the decree of banishment, but It again
failed.
When the candidature of Prince Leopold of
Hohenzollern for the throne of Spain was
sprung upon Europe early in July, it was cur
rently reported that the Orleans princes had
a hand in bringing it about, which is doubtless
correct, as they could readily foresee that It
might result in complications which would give
them the opportunity to return to France, not
as suitors for their rights as Frenchmen at the
hands of Napoleon, but as the undisputed
claimants of the throne. Since the outbreak
of the war with Prussia it has been reported
that they have been prodigal of their means for
the benefit of the French wounded, a reasonable
bid for the sympathy of their countrymen,
and now that Napoleon has been driven almost
to the wall, they have all joined in a demand to
be permitted to serve the cause of their im
perilled country. A London cespatch of the 10th
states that the Duke d Aumale has offered his
services to the Emperor, while a despatch pub
lished by us yesterday reports that tho Prince
de Joinville bas asked leave to serve in the
French fleet. He and the Duke d'Aumale - are
now at Weisbaden, awaiting developments, and
the Count tie Paris is In England. In a few days
it is possible that the whole family may be en
abled to return to France and take the reins of
power which are about falling from the feeble
grasp of the man who has refused them their
simple rights as Frenchmen and patriots.
WAR NEWS BY XVI A XL.
THE RHINE FRONTIER.
The Meaning or the
French Cry "To the
Pre-vlaeeer aad What
Kfalno I-Tho Khlne
They Are.
A correspondent of the London Times wrote
as follows to that journal before the commence
ment of actual hostilities:
"While the war between Franco and Prussia
still hangs fire, and we are held in suspense
about the great events of which we are to be
witnesses, I hope some remarks concerning the
probable results of the struggle may be of some
use to your reaaers. as tue r rencn nave been
busy for these last four years with gigantic" pre-
parations, it is natural to presume mat, in their
own estimation at least, they fancy they have
insured success, and that at tbe close of the war
they will be able to impose their own conditions
npon their vanquished adversaries. France, it is
understood, snouia never nave gone to war un
less it were with a view to recover her natural
boundaries, and, on tbe eastern side, the only
possible frontier for France ought to tie what
ft was (or Gaul in the time of Caesar the
Rhine.
"As the war is now to be waged against Ger
many alone, we must first inquire what is un
derstood by the words 'German Rhine' what
territory would fall to France in tbe event of
ber extending her dominions over the whole
left bank of the river. The 'German Rhine'
which France covets consists 1, of Rhenish
Prussia, the provinces of Dusseldorf, Cologne,
Aix-Ia-Cnapciie, uooieniz, anq i reves, with a
population of 8,405,0(53; 2, of Rhenish Bavaria,
with bsu.wo lnuauitanis o, oi uuenisu uesse.
with 2:55,605; 4, of Birkeufeld, belonging
to Oldenburg, with 34,391; and
finally, 5, of Meissenheim, formerly
belonging to Hesse-Homburg, then to
Hesse-Darmstaai, ana more lately ceded to
Prussia, with 13,700. By merely gaining the
German Rhine trance woald thus add 4,374,8'J1
human belngB to her population, now already
exceeding 38,000,000, and would thus attain a
Eopulation of 42,374,891. By this first addition,
owever, France, which is already in possession
of the ieit banK ot tne unine all tne way from
Basle to Lauterburg, along the Alsatian terri
tory, would extend lier dominion further up
from Lauterburg to Emmerich, including Spires
and Worms, Mayence, Coblentz, Cologne, and
Dupseldorf.
4'But to what complications would the reasser-
tion by r ranee of her rights to ber natural
frontier thus far necessarily give rise ? From
the Moselle at Sierck all along the borders of
Luxemburg, Liege, and Llmbunr. -fc ranee would
encompass Holland and Belgium on their eastern,
as she already 1 routs them along their western.
frontier. Tbe whole of the Belgian and a large
portion of the Dutch Netherlands would thus
lie within French territory on both Bides, as if
between two great jaws, ready at any moment
to fasten npon them. Nay, more; even beyond
Emmerich, ana an tne way down to uotterdam,
Dutch provinces He also within tbe left bank of
the Rhine, and so far did the natural frontier of
Gaul in ancient times extend.
"f ranee may, for a time, and perhaps forever,
forbear to use her advantage; but were she, in
the event of an indefinite prolongation of the
war, to feel tempted at any time to round off her
territory, It is worth while to consider that pel
irium alone contains a population of 4,839,0l.i4,
wnue tne uuicn provinces on tne Jen Dana oi
tbe Rhine Luxemburg, Llmburg, and North
Brabant number no less than 8'J2,574 inhabit
ants, and, with a part of South Holland, would
exceed 1,000,000. The extension of tbe French
empire to Its 'natural frontier of the Rhine
that is. all along its left bank.' from the Swiss
frontier at Basle to its mouth near Rotterdam
would thus add to the 38.OUO.000 Frenchmen at
least 10,060,559 new German, Belgian, and Dutch
fellow subjects, or constitute a Bute of little less
than 50,000.000 inhabitants.
"In the matter of mereuumbers France would
gain about one-fourth of her present extent,
but there Is hardly any part of her present
territory which could compare in lertuity,
wealth, and industry witn tnese new acuiusl-
tions. Such an addition would, besides, confer
upon t ranee a long line oi sea coast, the mouths
of the Scheldt and the Maas, besides a score of
tbe strongest fortresses in Euroie.
"All this and much more did i ranee, within
the memory of living men, make her own by
right ol conquest. 1 am not unwuiuig to accept
Ltr declarations of disinterestedness and modo-
ration at the present juncture; but I think it
behooves the neutral powers to anticipate all
contingencies, to be on their guard, and, if
necessary, to adopt timely measures.
CONTRABAND OF WAR,
The Coal Unentlna and Ita Vital Importance to
rranre ita international Aapecc
A correspondent of the London Times writes
as follows from Berlin, under date of July 20:
'Prussia has a small fleet; France has a large
one. But to make a fleet ol use it is necessary
to give it motive power, and tbe French are
bent on doing all the mischief tbey can, very
naturally, in tbe Baltic and along the coasts of
Prussia and Hanover, 10 prevent and impede
their operations as far a' possible, the Prus
sian authorities have put the light-houses out
of commission, removed the buoys, and left
the coast in darkness and the sea pathless; but
they cannot hinder the enemy from establishing
blockades of great ports and landing forces to
make demonstrations more or less serious
against their inland towns. The French, how
ever, would be obliged to act in stormy seas and
to keep at large far from their supplies. In this
state of things it is reported that the French
have chartered many vessels at Newcastle and
elsewhere to load with coa' with which to sup
ply their fleet in the Northern Seas. The news
has caused great commotion in the cities, and
the Prussian authorities have, I hear, called
Lord A. Loftus' attention to the
transaction in. energetic terms, regard
ing such an employment of neutral
vessels as a breach of neutrality. Undoubtedly,
it would seem that such a chartering of neutral
ships woulctcome within the terms of the act of
George 11 cited in her Majesty's proclamation.
The use of British vessels as 'store-ships' for
belligerent1 is distinctly forbidden in case of
war. It is difficult to argue that vessels char
tered with cargoes ot coal for the use of a French
fleet engaged in hostile operations against a
power with which we are at peace, and sent out
to put their cargoes on board that fleet In the
open Eca, are not acting as 'store-ships' for an
enemy.' n is unfortunate mat some clear under
standing as to tbe nature of coal has not been
arrived at by all the great powers. It would be
rather a stretch of terms to hold that If coal be
contraband of war, the trade in it between
neutrals and belligerents should cease, and
that England, for Instance, should not sell coal
to tho merchants oi t ranee, because the t rench
Government might buy it for war purposes.
Such theories, pushed to conclusions, would In
flict on neutrals a good deal of the evils of war,
for which they were not responsible. Horses
may be, and are. considered contraband of war,
but it win oc nam to persuade a xorKshlre
breeder that he ought not to sell his horses to
Frenchmen or Prussians because they are light
ing each other. It is obvious that considerable
complications and difficulties may arise from
these questions. I believe that Great Britain is
bound by the French treaty not to prohibit the
export of her coal; yet coal is the life of steam.
without which a fleet is of little value."
TIIE PRUSSIAN ANNOUNCEMENT.
Biamarck's Diplomatic Circular Annoiinclnc
the Declaration or War by France Napo
leon'a "Pretexta Invented for the Occasion."
1 he following Is tbe text of the circular ad
dressed by the Federal Government to its diplo
matic agents abroad, announcing that France
declared war to Prussia:
Berlin. July 19, 1870 The Imperial Gov
eminent of France has sent to us, through its
Charge d' Affaires, the enclosed document, which
contains the declaration of war. It is the first
official document we have received from the
French Government relative to the grave affair
which has occupied tho world for a fortnight
In that document the trench Government gives
the following reasons for the war it makes
against us: Firstly, the refusal of the King to
pledge himself that the advent of a Prussian
prince to the throne of Spain should not take
place with his consent; secondly, the alleged
notmcation to tne uamnets oi tne reiusaa oy tne
King to receive tne Ambassador oi t ranee, and
to continue negotiations with him. We sum
marily answer to those allegations that his
Majesty the King, having from respect for the
independence and the autonomy of the 8nanlsh
nation, ana ior tne ireeaom oi tne resolutions
of the princes of the Hohenzollern house, never
thought of putting rrlnce Leopold on that
throne, the demands to which bis Majesty has
been subjected to obtain assurances for the
future were both unjustifiable and arrogant.
To have a suspicion that he entertained an after
thought of an intention hostile to trance was
but a gratuitous invention. The alleged notifi
cations to the Cabinets never took place, and
tbe King never refused to treat with the rench
Ambassador. On the contrary, the French
representative never expressed the wish to
enter into official negotiation with tho Kiag'B
government. It was personally, ana in a
private conversation with the King at Ems, that
be spoke about the questions referred to. At
home and abroad tne uerman nation uas recog
nized that the efforts of the French Govern
ment had but one aim a humiliation, which
the nation cannot bear. It has recognized
that war, which Prussia could never have
thought of, was imposed by France. The whole
civllized world will admit that the motives put
forward by i ranee ao not exist, that they are
merely pretexts Invented for the occasion. The
German Confederation and the allied Govern
ments of Southern Germany protest against an
aggression which never was called for, and
they will repulse it with all the means God has
grven them. ou win leave a copy oi tne pre
sent despatch with the Minister of Foreign
Aflairs of the Government to which you are
accredited. Bismakck.
AUSTRIAN NEUTRALITY.
Count Ton Beuat'a Diplomatic Circular on the
War 'rll A nutria Neutral, bnt Independent
and Prepared.
The following is the text of the despatch
Count Beust forwarded on the war crisis to the
diplomatic agents abroad of the Austro-IIunga-
rian empire. It says:
As Boon as the candidature of the Prince of
Hohenzollern to the throne of Spain took a turn
menacing the tranquillity ot Europe, the pre
servation of peace was the sole object of our
efforts. We could not think oi assuming the
tart of an arbitrator in the conflict that had
buret out so suddenly, and it would not have
become us to pass judgment on the value of the
arguments brought forward by both parties.
Most oi me caoinets, wuuout any concert, nave
taken an identical attitude, and the
Imperial and Royal Government associated
ltt-elf with the eff orts made from several quarters
to arrive at a pacific solution. Absorbed by that
task, to which we devoted our active zeal, and
In the hope that tbe teuslon would diminish, we
waited until now to adopt me attituae that
commended Itself to us should war become in
evitable bctweeu the two powers implicated in
so regrettable a quarrel. However, we must
admit now, with a deep regret, that our own
aflorts and thoee made by the other powers hav
not any further chance of success. Far frn
diminibhlng, tbe quarrel has been pushed to aich
a pitch that tbe boundless passions lea6 no
ground for an efficacious mediation. The":a
ratlon of war by France has reached Betfm, aud,
in face of so decisive a fact, I cauuot delay auy
longer to give you tho instruction yoa are to
follow instructions dictated by the interests
and tbe dignity of the Austro-Hungarlan Em
pire. Since we have not succeeded In prevent
ing, tor our own sake and for Europe s sake,
the dreadful perturbation which will be the in
evitable result of the collision between two
powerful nations, at least we wish to lessen Its
violence. To attain that end the Imperl;U and
Royal Government must confine itself, during
actual hostilities, to a passive attitude, and ob
serve the neutrality demanded by such an atti
tude. True, that attitude does not exclude the
watching over the security of the monarchy
and of protecting Us interests by placing
ourselves in such a position as to save
it from every possible danger. We see countries
whose position rs guaranteed by international
stipulation, and who are not slow, notwithstand
ing, to mane considerable sacrifices to be
enabled to meet every contingency and to pro
tect tnemseives. esucn examples ought not to
pass without any notice, for they prove how
wide Is the conviction that it is not enough to
remain neutral, anless neutral countries are
ready to cause . their independence to be
respected in case of need. Most assuredly in
circumstances such as those in which we are
placed feebleness as well as passion can be
a source of danger for' the countries
as well as for the Governments. There
are two shoals that a nation ought to
avoid in order not to be repulsed from the way
traced by her own interests. The Austro-Hun-
garian empire must resist any pressure, must.be
deaf to anytndden feeling, if it wishes "to re
main the master of its destinies, if it wishes not
to be left to the mercy of events. The sincerest
desire of the imperial and royal governments is
to preserve the monarchy from the eventualities
to which a great portion of Europe is exposed.
We shall not cease to have that object In vieV,
and all the measures we are taking are dictated
solely by the with to secure in the meantime the
calmness ana the interests of the nations of
Europe. . yoy jjEU9X
WAR MISCELLANY.
Napoleon Foredoomed to Defeat.
The London Spectator of .July 30 says: .
As yet the auguries are.with the Teuton.' Tho
Emperor of the French, whether pressed by
some unexplained necessity, or intent on some
over-subtle combination, or, as we believe, de
ceived by his hopes from some subterranean
Intrigue, has allowed his great adversary, whaee
fearlul strength no one in his empire but him
self thoroughly comprehends, to secure the 14
days which was all he needed for preparation.
War was declared on the 15th, no advance was
made till the 29th, and within those fourteen
days Germany, from Posen to the Lake of Con
stance, has rolled itself together in arms to bar
Napoleon's road. France will not be defeaUl
by any momentary muddle. The solitary cif
cumstance against her other than her cause, and
her deficiency, as we believe, in numbers, is that
she is led by Napoleon that is, by a man who
makes war as he makes coups d'etat, like a con
spirator; who fights in order to obtain grand
scenic effects; who, If he finds a genius in his
army, must think before he uses him whether
genius is compatible with Implicit devotion to
Caesar; and who, unless we wholly misread his
manifestoes in this war, deeply mistrusts his
fate. There is dejection in his bearing, dejec
tion as of a man who feels a self-imposed task
too heavy for endurance.
Napoleoa'a Body Guard.
The following is the official list of the persons
who were appointed to accompany the Emperor
to the army headquarters: Generals de Beville,
do la Moskowa, Castelnau, de Waubert de
Genlis, Reille, Fave, Pajol, and Canu, as Aides-de-Camp;
General Courson de la Villeneuve,
Adjutant-General of the Palace: Captains Nepp,
d'Hendecourt, Dreysse, de Morcourt, and de
Trecesson, orderly officers; Viscount Leplc,
Marechal des Logis of the Palace; Colonel de
Toscber la Pagerie, Marechal des Logls; Count
Davilliers de Saint-Jean d'Angely, First Equerry;
MM. Raimbeaux, Suarez d'Autan, andde Maesa,
Equerries; Doctors Conneau, Corvisart, and
Larrey; M. Pietri, Private Secretary, and Vis
count Pierre Daru, Cabinet Courier, and MM. de
Toscher la Pagerie.
Eucenle'a Toast to Thiers.
It Is related of the Empress Eugenie, that on
ber return from Cherbourg, at dinner at St.
Cloud, she surprised all present by proposing a
toast. The fortunate mortal thus -honored was
no other than M. Thiers. The assembled guests
could not believe their ears. Her Majesty con
descended to explain: "To M. Thiers, to whom
we are indebted for the fortifications of Paris. i
work which now enables us to send to the fron
tier 100,000 men who otherwise could not have
been spared."
- Paris the Weak Point of France.
The Paris correspondent of the Cincinnati
Commercial writes: ,
The -weak point of France, I expect, is this
bloated, pampered, passionate, heedless, bead
long Paris. I do not believe in the. great depth
or enduring qualities of the war sentiment dis
played here for a few nights after the declara
tion of the war. There was fury in it, and fever
ish excitement, but not evidence of tenacity,
capacity to suffer and grow strong in Bartering.
The processions, bearing tri-colors and torches,
looked a little as If they were esteemed
as fine sprees, rather than as demonstrations of
an ardor quenchable only by death. Like a
good many of our torch-bearers in political
campaigns, the mass ot the actors were boys.
There were blouses marching with the rest, but
the workingmen were not, I am convinced, out
in force. The constituents of Rochefort have
not been converted into admirers of the Em
peror. Upon the whole, the Emperor would do
well to keep a few reliable regiments within
easy reach of Paris. There are persons here,
ana a great many of them, who have a far
greater natred of him than of the Prussians, and
who woujd be willing to see France humiliated
for the sake of the destruction of his dynasty.
The Po.ltlon of Austria.
The Berlin correspondent of the New York
Evening JJost, writing on July 22, says : 'There
bas been a very natural anxiety to know what
position Austria will take in the coming conflict,
ana though we have nothing official at present,
there is but little doubt but that she will keep a
strict neutrality, unless, Indeed, Russia allies
herself to Prussia, as It has been rumored she
will, in which case a general European war is
threatened. It would have surprised no one to
have seen Austria at once declare for France.
The Wehr (Military) Zeitung, Indeed, has had t
series of articles urging an offensive alllan'
with France; bnt a number of German-Aust''.
Eapers, among them the UraUer Tagcj 1
ave demanded that the Austrian Goverrnf"
should formally disavow these anti.fhv-f
articles in the Wehr Zeitung. The swi f?i
the Austrian Germans is strongly C . Tba .,
i i ... in in.t.i.i nonor oe it
mo i
said,
n action
own interests have prevailed 1 VJ? "
as a war of races, not of pp; flict
"The Poles In Austria iVS i r
give their symp
and Gers probably impels a great amount
of bit' deling. At present she will go with
Astia, and preserve neutrality, unless driven
froS i this position by an alliance of Russia with
uussla." '
Thiers on Pruaalaa Ambition.
M. Thiers, writing to a friend in England,
says he has always been ot opinion tht the
time would come when the ambitlen of Prttsi
would have to be resisted by France. Bat he
alwayB supposed the time would only be when a
just occasion arose, and when all the nations of
Europe should ackuowledge France to be in the
rightf "If," M. Thiers proceeds, "when asked
for tbe production of tbe despatches, I could
have obtained twenty-four hours respite, I
think that QV countrymen, having time for
reflection, would, perhaps, have pronounced for,
peace. I did not succeed, and now, always,
faithful to my country's flag, l ean only wiM
for ber success, while earnestly desiring that i
may be at the least possible cost to buioanity,
and that It may bring about a lasting peace."
her recognition pher Gerrl'fi
and the foresight of )w "r . I.