SUBMARINE "WARFARE.
OpteJM Erlranem'e Tarped ITfntl-ni
Tivr fflrthod of Altnrklnaj Armored Vessele
A KeTelnllon In Nnvnl Warfare
From. Van A'o&traruTa Engineering Magazine..
In some recent letters from Captain J.
Ericsson to the editor of "Engineering " tlie
writer offers tie following solution to the
problem, "How to defeat monitors superior
in thickness of armor to our own."
A heavy body of regular form, whatever be
its specific gravity, projected laterally through
the air, commences to fall from the instant
of leaving the muzzle of the gin; describing
during its progress a parabolio curve con
siderably fore-shortened, owing to atmos-
fiherio resistance. J3ut a body of regular
orm projected under the surface of water or
other iluid, in a horizontal or inclined direc
tion, win move in a straight line, provided
its specific gravity be equal with that of the
fluid. In other words, a heavy body of any
density whatever moving through the atmos
phere, is inexorably under the influence of
the gravitating force of the earth; while a
submerged ' body, the weight of which is
equal with its displacement, is not affected by
gravitation. If put in motion under the sur
face of a quiescent fluid of unlimited extent,
such a body will continue to move in a straight
line until the motive energy which propels it
becomes less than the resisting force of the
i nrrounding medium.
Starting with these cardinal propositions, I
entered, some twenty-five years ago, on the
task of solving the problem of submarine
attack, viz., the propelling or projecting be
low the surface of the water of an elongated
shell containing explosive substances to be
ignited when reaching some point under the
bottom or bilge Of an opponent's vessel. The
most obvious method of carrying out the idea
is that of projecting the elongated shell by
means of some contrivance applied near the
bottom of the aggressive vessel. Such a
method I proposed to the Emperor of France
in the month of September, 1854. The de
vice consists of a long narrow chamber
arranged near the bottom of the vessel,
communicating jwith the sea and provided
with a sliding valve at eaoh end. The
outer valve next the sea being closed, the
shell is inserted in the chamber, after
which the inner valve is closed and the
outer valve opened.' The means adopted
for projecting or pushing out the shell is
simply a rod connected with a steam piston.
The forward end of the shell being provided
with a suitable percussion lock fitted with a
protruding trigger, it will be readily under
stood that when this strikes against an object,
the lock, as in ordinary firearms, will cause
the ignition of the charge within the shell.
At close quarters such a method of attack
will unquestionably be found very effective
indeed, infallible; but unless the opponent's
vessel can be approached very near, it will
prove abortive. Evidently, if the shell be
projected in any direction not parallel with
the line of keel while the aggressive vessel is
in motion, a side resistance will be offered by
the stationary water of the sea, which will
divert the course of the missile the instant it
is deprived of the guiding power of the cham
ber from which it is ejected. Currents will,
from the same cause, change the intended
course. It need scarcely be observed that,
in addition to the difficulty of controlling the
direction of the shell, the force imparted
to the latter, whether steam or compressed
air be employed, is insufficient to propel
it to any considerable distance. In order
to meet these serious practical objections,
viz., that the shell cannot be propelled far
enough, and that its course cannot be con
trolled, I have resorted to a device by which
any desirable amount of propulsive 'force
may be imparted irrespective of the distance
traversed, and by which the course of the
missile is under perfect control during its
progress to the intended point. Persons of
a mechanical turn of mind, in . almost every
country, have for a long time been engaged
in contriving torpedoes to be propelled under
water by independent motive power of
various kinds, for the purpose of blowing up
vessels. The Austrian torpedo, urged through
the water by means of screw propellers ac
tuated by compressed air, may be classed as
one of this numerous tribe, the . reported
terrible nature of which has from time to
time frightened naval constructors, and
amazed some unmechanical sailors who
have witnessed the trials, and found that
the mysterious body actually can move
under water. Proper investigation of the
subject, however, exposes imperfections of
the Austrian torpedo which render it,
like all its predecessors, a mere .mechanical
toy, it should be borne in mind that atmos
pheric air compressed, so as to exert a pres
sure of only 300 lbs. to the square inch, weighs
nearly two pounds to the eubio foot. Con
sequently, the amount of motive force which
the torpedo is capable of containing will be
found wholly insufficient for its effective pro
pulsion; while the want of means for direct
ing it to the desired point presents an in
contrived a torpedo that may be pro
Buperable objection. A stated, I have
pelled with any requisites amount of foroe,
irrespective of distance, the course of which
is under .perfect control,' notwith
standing currents, and which may be
directed with perfect certainty . to 1 an
object in motion. - In contradistinction
to the term shell, applied to the structure of
1854, which was propelled alone by vis vioa
imparted, as before described, I propose to
apply the term torpedo to the contrivanoe
now to be considered.
It should be observed that nearly all at
tempts to propel bodies under water have
been successful as regards maintaining a
given depth. The self-evident device of ap
plying a fin or horizontal rudder on each side,
operated by a piston or elastio bag aotuated
by bydrostatio pressure, has been adopted in
nil. It readily suggests itself to the
mind that an increase or diminution of
draught, attended as it is with a correspond
ing variation of pressure, may be made sub
servient in changing the inclination, thereby
establishing a tendency of the horizontal rud
der, either to elevate or depress the torpedo
during its forward motion. Thus, by a proper
adjustment and application of the hydro
statio pressure, the torpedo may be made to
move at any desirable depth below the sur
face of the sea. Nor has any difficulty been
experienced as regards the instrument of pro
pulsion in the experiments made since the
introduction of the screw propeller. Bat the
difficulty of procuring the requisite amount
of motive force for actuating the propeller
and the absence of means for directing the
torpedo, have in each instance defeated the
object in view.
Before proceeding to consider the impor
tant question of guiding the torpedo, I will
now briefly describe my method of obtaining
the required power for actuating th6
Sropellers. A reel, of about six feet diame
it, revolving on a horizontal axla, ia
applied near the chamber from which the
torpedo is ejected, one end of the axle being
Supported by a suitable bearing, while the
other enters a capacious air-vessel through a
stuffing-box. The end thus inserted ia the
THE DAILY EVEN 1NG TELEGRAPHPHILADELPHIA, MONDAY,
air-vessel is perforated longitudinally for a
Bhort distance pro.vjded with an opening
in the side -t th6 point whero the perforation
terminal a tubular rope, half an inch in
t"air.ter, composed of hemp and vulcanized
rT!.ober, is connected with this opening, and
then coiled around the reel a certain number
of times, and lastly, connected with the
rear end of the torpedo. The air-veBsel
into which the perforated axle of the wheel
enters being charged with compressed air
(by means of force pumps worked by
steam-power), it will readily be under
stood that the compressed air will pass
through the axle, then through the several
coils of tubular rope wound round the reel,
and ultimately reach the rear end of the
torpedo, where the rope is attached to the
rotary engine which actuates the propellers.
Accordingly the propulsion of the torpedo
may be regulated by simply opening or dos
ing the aperture of the perforated shaft
within the air vessel. The rotation of the
reel, consequent on the onward movement of
the torpedo, obviously cannot interrupt the
passage of the compressed air through the
coils of the tubular rope; hence the supply
of motive force will continue undiminished
during the onward movement. The tubular
rope being one-half inch in diameter in the
bore, it will be found by calculation that a
quantity of compressed air, sufficient to
develop at least 10-horse power, may be
transmitted through it during the progress of
the torpedo, whether far off or near the ag
gressive vessel. The arrangement thus da
scribed being sufficiently simple to be com
prehended without entering into detail, it
will only be necessary to state that the tubu
lar rope, after leaving the reel under the
deck, is made to descend through a vertical
tube into the torpedo chambor, in order to
prevent an entrance of water at the point
where the rope passes out. Also, that two
propellers are employed, revolving in oppo
site directions round a common centre in
dispensable to prevent the torpodo itself
from rotating when subjected to the power
ful torsion produced by a single propeller
actuated by the motive force which may
be transmitted through a tubular rope of half
inch bore.
I will nor proceed to describe my method
of guiding the torpedo, premising that the
external casing which contains the mechanism
and explosive compound ia heavier at the
bottom than at the top, in order to preserve
a vertical position; and that, in addition to
the fins for regulating the draught, the tor
pedo is provided with a vertical balance
rudder for directing the lateral courso. The
reel being 20 feet in circumference it will bo
seen that the tubular rope need only bo coiled
around it seventy-five times to admit of attack
at a distance of 1500 feet, probably far enough,
since the position of the aggressive vessel
may be changed at all limes with desirable
rapidity.
The apparently absurd proposition to direct
and change the course of the torpedo at will,
on board of the aggressive vessel, without
external aid, is Bolved by the following sim
ple expedient: A small elastic bag connect
ing the tubular rope with the induction pipe
of the rotary engine, is attached to the side
of the tiller of the torpedo's balance rudder.
As the compressed air during its passage to
the motor must pass through the elastio bag,
the latter will expand and contract with every
change of internal pressure. And as such
change will depend on the quantity of com
pressed air admitted into the tubular rope,
the expansion and contraction of the bag are
evidently under perfect control. Now
the power of this bag to resist
internal pressure may be so pro
portioned that, when maximum pressure
is admitted, the swelling of the bag will
cause the tiller to move 20 deg. to port; and
when the pressure Is reduced 25 per cent.,
the accompanying contraction will move the
tiller 20 deg. to starboard. Thus by admit
ting more or less compressed air into the
tubular rope, thereby changing the dimen
sions of the bag, the tiller will assume any
desirable angle within 20 deg. on either side
of the torpedo's centre line.
Accordingly, the direction of the torpedo
will be as completely under the control of the
hand which" admits the compressed air to the
tubular rope, as if an intelligent directing
Eower resided within the torpedo itself. Pro
ably, no greater mechanical feat than this can
be instanced. In smooth water, the telesoope will
enable the operator to trace the course of the
torpedo by the copious formation of air bub
bles on the surface of the sea. At other
times, a small float attached by a string will
clearly indicate the position; while at night,
a small light in the float, seen only from the
aggressive vessel, will inform the operator if
the missile is on the right road to the in
tended point. It need scarcely be observed
that the explosion of the torpedo will sever
the connection with the tubular rope, which
thus may be hauled in by turning the reel.
Should the intended object not be reached,
the admission of compressed air to the tubu
lar rope will be shut off, and the torpedo
hauled in, or sent out on a new errand.
The scope of the device, thus described, is,
of course, limited; yet, had the Italians pos
sessed it, the result at Lissa would unques
tionably have been reversed. No harbor can
be entered which is protected by it; nor would
any amount of vigilance save vessels from
destruction on an enemy's coast defended by
it; the Hercules and Rupert, with their pon
derous armor, would be as easily destroyed
as the un armored Inconstant.
In my recent letter to the editor of En
gineering, it was admitted that the Devasta
tion and Consort could steam up the Hudson
in spite of batteries and monitors. But small
iron-clada of the monitor type without tur
rets, provided with the reel tubular rope, and
torpedoes charged with 500 lbs. of dynamite,
could sink Mr. Heed's breastwork monitors
before reaching the Hudson.
As stated, tho scope of this mechanical de
vice is but limited. Fully impressed with
this fact, my labors were early devoted to
plans for carrying on submarine attacks by
means of which the contest might be removed
to the open sea. Before the close of the late
war the problem was satisfactorily solved;
and during the month of November, 18G0, the
leading features of a new system of naval
attack were confidentially laid before the
King of Sweden and Norway, the Swedish
Minister of Marine, Count B. von Platen,
and Commodore A. Adlersparre.
Let me add, for the information of your
readers, that my object in giving an ao
count of my labors connected with sub
marine warfare, is simply that of demon
strating the futility of encasing ships of
war with huge masses of iron, and showing
the absurdity of wasting millions of tons of
coal in propelling weight which does not
protect.
A NEW SYSTEM OF BUBM1EINE ATTACK.
In the above communication I stated as a
general proposition that a heavy body of
regular form, of any density whatever,
moving through the atmosphere, is in
exorably under the influenoo of the earth's
attraction, and therefore desoribes a fore
shortened parabolio carve during its flight;
while a submerged body, the weight of
which is equal with the weight of the
water it displaces: is not affected by the
earth's attraction; and that consequently,
if put in motion under the surface of a qui
escent fluid of unlimited extent, suoh a body
will continue to move in a straight line until
the motive energy which propels it becomes
less than the resisting force of the surround
ing medium.
In virtue of ' the first part 6f this general
proposition, a heavy body may be projected
in such a manner that the termination of its
trajectory shall make any desirable angle,
less than 45 deg., with the horizontal line,
independently of the length of the chord of
the trajectory. In other words, the body
may be projected at variable distances over
water, and yet strike its surface at any desirable
angle. This important result is effected simply
by varying the relative proportion between
elevation and strength of charge. The second
part of the stated general proposition is of
equal importance. It points to the fact
that the trajectory may be extended in a
straight line under water, to any desirable
distance, irrespective of the speed of. the pro
jectile. Accordingly, a shell may bo projected
from one vessel towards another within mode
rate ranges, in such a manner that it shall dip
into the water at a considerable distance from,
or close to, tho vessel assailed, independently
of the distance between the two vessels.
Also that the shell may be projected at such
an angle that the prolongation of its trajec
tory in a straight line, after contact with the
water, shall strike the hull of the vessel
assailed, at any desirable depth below the
surface.
That a certain relation between charge
and elevation enables us to project a
spJicrical shot, with considerable accuracy,
in such a manner as to strike the water at
any desirable distance from an opponent's
vessel, at angles with 15 degrees, will be ad
mitted. Hence, if the trajectory be such
that its extension in a straight line from
the point of contact with the water leads
to the hull of the vessel assailed, the latter
will be hit on condition, however, that the
shot is not diverted on entering the water;
and provided its via viva be sufficient to
overcome the resistance encountered during
its passage through the water. These indis
pensable conditions, which apparently cannot
be complied with, point to the difficulty of
hittiDg a vessel below the water line. And
if we suppose that the projectile is not sphe
rical, another serious difficulty presents itself.
An elongated body will not bend to the
curvature of the trajectory, but
retain during its flight the
same inclination as the gun from
which it has been projected; hence it will fall
nearly flat on the surface of the water at the
end of its course.
Agreeable to our general proposition a
regular body, weighing as much as the water
it displaces, is independent of the earth's
attraction; but there is another force which,
notwithstanding the absence of any gravi
tating tendency, will cause a body of regular
form moving under water to deviate from a
straight line and rise to the surface. . A cone
moving in the direction of its apex and in the
line of its axis horizontally, or on an incline,
will, owing to the inertia and the nearly in
compressible nature of water, more readily
displace the column which rests upon and
depresses its upper half, than the column
from below with its lifting tendency. Con
sequently, the course of the conical body
will be diverted from the straight line up
wards, describing a curve nearly elliptical,
and quite sudden, if the speed be great. A
cylinder with semispherical ends will, from
the same cause, ascend to the surface if
moved in the line of its axis; while a cylinder
with flat ends will take a downward course,
gradually increasing its .inclination until at
last the axis assumes a vertical position. Ob
viously, the lower part of the forward flat end
encounters a greater resistance than the
upper part; hence the lower half of the trans
verse section of the cylinder suffers an excess
of retardation, which occasions the down
ward course described.
The question . whether the apparently
insuperable difficulties thus pointed out
may be overcome by mechanical, expedients
has, as already stated, occupied my attention
for a long time; and numerous experiments
have been made to test the efficacy of devices
resorted to on theoretical considerations.
But it is not ' my purpose to enter on a de
scription of these devices at present, on
grounds that will appear hereafter. Accord
ingly, I will assume that the axis of the elon
gated prejectile during its flight through the
air is parallel with the trajectory, and that on
entering the water the projectile will not be
diverted, but continue to move under the
surface, with the same inclination it had
on coming in contact with the dense me
dium. It may be well to state that the elongated
shell is charged with dynamite and provided
with a percussion lock and trigger, to be
actuated as described in my former commu
nication relative to the self-acting torpedo.
It is well known that numerous plans have
been suggested during the last few years for
firing under water, for the purpose f piero
ing the hull of iron-clad vessels below the
point protected by the armor. In several in
stances these plans have been carried into
practice with the invariable result that the re
sistance of the water has been found so great,
even at very short distances, that an ordi
nary wooden hull has proved to be impene
trable. The plan now under consideration
bears no resemblance to these projects. Ia
the first place, the attack is made at a dis
tance; ana, secondly, the force of the missile
on reaching its destination need only be suf
ficient to actuate the trigger which causes the
ignition of the explosive charge.
Apart from the theoretical considerations
relating to the course of the elongated shell
under water, the practical question of motive
power to propel the same presents itself at
the first step in the investigation. It is hardly
necessary to state that the foroe relied upon
is the vis viva possessed by the shell on com
ing in contact with the water. Before esti
mating this force it will be proper to call
attention to the fact that my new system, to be
effective and a practical success, does not call
for attack at a great distance, provided the
vessel from which the missile is projected has
greater speed than the opponent, and at the
same time adequate protection against his
artillery. No reason whatever con be as
signed why the attack should not be success
ful, and the destruction of the vessel assailed
as certain if the distance of 500 feet were the
limit, as if a range of 5000 feet better suited
the new system. It will be inferred from
this explanation, that although there is no
special limit within ordinary ranges, the plan
is to attack at distances not much exceeding
500 feet, unless the sea be very smooth.
The vis viva of a shell 15 inches in diame
ter, of such a length that it displaces 500
lbs. of water, may be readily estimated if we
suppose the charge of powder in the gun to
be so regulated that the shell will enter the
water at the required rate of 400 ft. per
second; thus, 400-042500x5001,250,000
ft. -lbs. A cylindrical body 15 inches in dia
meter, with semi-spherical ends moving at a
rate of 50 ft. per second under water, re
quires a constant motive force of somewhat
less than 400 lbs. Assuming, then, that,
the shell passes through 1 20 feet of
water, we have a resistance of 12()x
40048,000 ft.-lbs. to overcome. The mo
tive force, it will thus be seen, in more
than 24 times greater than the resistance;
hence no doubt can be raised as to the
adequacy of the motive power furnished by
the tin riva of the shell. It should be ob
served that the resistance is very great at
first, and that the speed of the shell diminishes
in a very rapid ratio; but it would be futile
to present a formula expressing the ratio of
speed and resistance, Bince the form of the
body is the chief element in tho calculation.
Suffice to say, that while the resistance against
a blunt body is so great that it can hardly be
overcome, one provided with a sharp point
enters the water with much facility, ev6n at
the rate of 400 feet per second. The passage
of the shell through the water will, therefore,
be sufficiently rapid to reach the desired
object in proper time.
With reference to the gun, it should be
borne in mind that the very low speod of
the shell, and the consequent small charge
of powder needed, render heavy metal unne
cessary. Besides, slow burning cake-powder
contained in cellular cartridges will be em
ployed for the purpose of checking rapid
ignition, and in order to sustain an uniform
pressure during the discharge. The guns are
loaded from below, and for that purpose so
arranged as to admit of being depressed GO
deg. Gun carriages are dispensed with, the
trunnions being suspended by adjustable
pendulum links secured,' under the turret
roof. The recoil is checked by buffers at
tached to the turret wall in rear of the
breach.
I feel called upon to state, that loading
funs below deck, as here shown, was planned
y me, and drawings representing this method
exhibited in New York several years before it
was claimed by certain American engineers as
their invention.
Respecting the safety of the charge in the
shell from ignition during the discharge, it
will be well to observe that efficient means
have been devised to prevent suoh an acci
dent. With reference to the calibre, it is evi
dent that this system of attack calls for di
mensions that will admit a shell of sufficient
capacity to contain a charge which, by its ex
plosion, will destroy a first-class ship of war
builton the cellular plan. Nothing short of
300 lbs. .of dynamite will suffice for this pur
pose ; hence nothing less than 15-in. calibre
will answer. The American and Swedish
15-in. guns are admirably calculated for the
Eurpose, although they are unnecessarily
eavy.
European savans, especially certain Swe
dish naval artillerists, who have criticised my
advocacy of the 15-inch smooth-bora gun,
will understand on looking into this matter
why I have persisted in advising the Scandi
navians to carry this large calibre in their
monitor tnrrets as the most effective weapon
against their powerful neighbors. Assuredly
the Danes will have no cause to fear the
Prussian Konig William or Friederich der
Grosse, when their ports are defended by
vessels armed with guns by means of which
300 pounds of dynamite may be exploded
under the hulls of the intruders.
The turret, it may be briefly noticed, in
which the light 15-inch shell guns are
mounted, is composed of flat wrought-iron
plates forming a square box, wide enough to
accommodate the two pieces, suspended, as
already stated, by pendulum links secured
under the turret roof. A massive central
shaft of wrought-iron supports the square
box, on the plan adopted in the monitor
turrets. The vessel designed to carry the
rotating square box with its light shell guns
is a mere iron hull crammed with motive
power, in order to insure a higher speed than
that of existing iron-clad ships of war. The
midship section is triangular, and the bow
raking. The overhanging sides and deck are
heavily armored.
Permit me to add, that I intend to make a
formal offer, under certain stipulations, to
furnish, at my own cost and risk, a swift
screw vessel provided with a pair of 15-inch
smooth-bore guns, and the necessary appa
ratus for sinking, by submarine explosion, a
vessel of the average draught of the iron
clad fleet of England, while such a vessel is
being towed at the greatest speed possible, or
performing .whatever" evolutions her owner
may choose, with the distinct understanding
that the attack shall not be made at a less
distance than 500 feet. Accordingly, it has
not been my purpose, on this occasion, to
enter into a full description of my new sys
tem of submarine attack. It may be well,
however, to define clearly what the scheme is
intended to accomplish. If a first-class swift
iron-clad ship, say the Devastation, unas
sisted by other craft, will meet in open water
a vessel constructed agreeably to the new
system, it is contended that the latter will
sink the breastwork monitor in spite of her
guns and impregnable armor, and notwith
standing evolutions designed to avoid the
submarine missile.
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tional Rolling Stock and the full equipment of the
Road.
The receipts of the Company on the one-half of
the Road now being operated from Coatesvllle to Wil
mington are about TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS per
month, which will be more than DOUBLED with the
opening of the other half, oyer which the large Coa
Trade of the Road must come.
Only SIX MILES are now required to complete
the Road to Blrdsboro, which will be finished by
the middle of the month.
WM. PAINTER & CO.,
BANKERS,
No. 36 South THIRD Street,
6 0 PHILADELPHIA.
jAYC00Iffid;(Q
PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK, AND
WASHINGTON,
BANKERS
A1TD
Dealeri in Government Securities.
Special attention given to the Purchase and Sale of
Bonds and Stocks on Commission, at the Board of
Broken In this and other cities.
INTEREST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS.
COLLECTIONS MADS ON ALL POINTS.
GOLD AND SILVER BOUGHT AND SOLD.
RELIABLE RAILROAD BONDS FOR INVEST.
MENT.
Pamphlets and full Information given at our office,
No. 114 8. TIIIItD Street,
PHILADELPHIA. 4 1 8m
D. C. WHARTON SMITH & CO.,
BANKERS AND BROKERS,
Ho. 121 SOUTH THIRD STREET.
Bnoossaors to Smith, B odolph A Oo,
Xrary branch of ths bnslneas will hats prompt attention
as heretofore.
Quotations of Stocks, Govammanta, and Gold eon.
stanthr received from Haw Tori brprttaJs wars, frosa out
triaada. Kdmaad D Randolph A O.
FINANCIAL.
, LEIIIGU CONTEBTIBLE
6 Per Cent. Tint Mortgage Gold Loan,
Tree from all Taxes.
Wa offar for sala l,7G0.MO of tha Lehlth Goal and Hart -a
ation Company's ew First Mortaf e Six Per Cent. Gold!
iuuu, mm !,iVm m taxes, interest ana March and Bao
Umber, at ,
X7XX7X.TY' (00)
. And intatast ia enrrenoy added to data of purchase.
TbMttlMIMnl.mM.-.-. IU -J mi AAA AM a . . f
October 6, 1889. Thej haa twentr five (86) roars to ran j
and are convertible into stock at par tntU IS79. Priaoipat
and interest payable in cold.
Ther are secured by -a first tneitffaa on 5600 aoresaft
"jomni vauey, near Wilkesbajre, aH
present prodnoin at tha rat ot Soo.ooo tons of ooal petS
- " trurma wmon contemplate a laraa
increase at an early period, and also npoa valuable Kail
Estate in this city. ".M
A link in fnnd of ten cents per ton npon alt ooal takua
from tbe mines for fi .-A 7
1 -.u ui Hi... od(. par son a
thereafter, is astablished. and Tha Fidelity Insurance '
Trust and 8afe DnnnaU .,. . M' IT
- - - niw unaer toe
mortage, collect these sums and invest them la those
Bonds, agreeably to tha provisions of tha Trust.
For foil particulars, copies of tha mortgage, etc., appl,
O. A H. BORIE,
W. IL KEWBOLD. BON A AERT8EH
JAY OOOKK A 00.,
DREXEL A CO.,
. E. W. CLARK A OO. B U lm
CITY WARRANTS
OF LARGE AMOUNTS
Taken Very Cheap.
DE HA YEN & BJRO.,
Wo. 40 South THIRD Street.
iui
B. E. JAMISON & CO..
SUCCESSORS TO
P. IT. KELLY ate CO, j
BANKERS AND DEALERS IN
Gold, Silver and Government Bond
At Closest Market Hates,
N. W. Cor. THIRD and CHESNTJT Sti.
Special attention glyen to COMMISSION ORDERS
in New York and Philadelphia stock Boaida, eto
B 865
S I JL V E
FOR SALE.
C. T. YERKES, Jr., & CO.,
BANKERS AND BROKEB3,
No. 20 South THIRD Street.
j
488 ' PHILADELPHIA;
QaLEMUIWWIWU, DAYIS fc CO.,
No. 48 SOUTH THIRD STREET,
PHILADELPHIA.
GLENDINNING, DAVIS & AMORT,
No. 2 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK,
BANKERS AND BROKERS.
Recelte deposits nbject to check, allow interest
on standing and temporary balances, and execute)
orders promptly for the purchase and sale of
STOCK 8, BONDS and GOLD, In either city.
Direct telegraph communication from Philadelphia
honae to New York. . . ,
R
8
C
Williamsport City 6 Per Cent Bonds,
FREE OF ALL TAXES.
ALSO,
Pbiladelphia and Darby Eailroad 7
Per Cent Bonds,
Coupons payable by the Cheanut and Walnut 8treeta
Railway Company.
These Bonds will be sold at a prioe whlcn will
make them a very desirable investment.
P. 8. PETERSON . & CO.,
No. 39 SOUTH THIRD STREET,
PHILADELPHIA
gLLIOTT fe DVHI.
BANKERS
Wo. 109 BOUTH THIRD STREET,
DEALERS IN ALL GOVERNMENT BBCUBJ.
TIES, GOLD BILLS, ETC
DRAW BILLS OP EXCHANGE AND 188 UB
COMMERCIAL LETTERS GV CREDIT ON TIL
UNION BANK OF LONDON.
ISSUE TRAVELLERS' LETTERS OF CREDIT
ON LONDON AND PARIS, available throughout
Europe,
Will collect all Coupons and Interest free of charts
for parties making their snani arrangements)
With UB. , . SB6
HIANOS.
Mini'ncn'iiim or
riKST-uLA&d piAito-toanH.
Pall tTiarsntst and moderate prioea.
a 81 WARJtiiOOMB, ho, CO ASOH BtraeV