TIIE DAILY FVKKING TELEfiKArn PHILADELPHIA,' TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22,1870.
c
The Solution of the It 11 Pro
blem. From the London Alhenanim we copy the
following interenting communication on the
solution of the great problem of the souroe
of the Kile:
The details respecting the waters of the
Upper Kilo Basin, rccoived from Dr. Living
stone hince the appearance of my letter in the
Athenawn, No. 2101, of October 23 last, have
suggested to me what I may call a solution of
the great problem of geography. As I then
stated, my object eince 184ti has been to
ascertain the position of the central point of
division between the waters flowing to the
Mediterranean, to the Atlantic, and to the
Indian Ocean, the determination of which
would discover not only the sonrce of the
Nile, but likewise the sources of some other
gToat African rivers, probably tho Zam
besi and the Congo. That point I can now
define.
In the western portion of Southorn Africa,
within 300 miles from the count of the Por
tuguese colony of Benguela, are the vast
primeval forests of Olo-Vihonda, extending
over Jseveral degrees in length, from north
to south, but in breadth not more than seven
or eight days' Journey towards the north, and"
?erhaps twice as much towards the south,
"he land, everywhere hilly, rises eastward
towards the border of tho country of Djiokoe,
as it is named by its inhabitants, or Kibokoe
(Quiboque), as it is called by the people be
tween it and the cooHt, and after them by the
Portuguese and other Europeans; and its
mountains, marked on the maps as the "Mos
nomba Itange," of which Djiokoe or Kibokoe
forms the eastern flank, must be regarded as
the most important water-parting of the con
tinent of Africa.
Of the countless streams that have hero
their sources it will be sufficient to name a
few of the principal ones. Flowing west
wards into tho Atlantic Ocoan are the Knango,
Congo or Zaire, the Kuanza, and the Kunene.
ltnnning south are the Kuita and the
Kabango, which lose themselves in Ngami or
some other lake in the interior. Having its
course to the east is the Lungebungo, an
affluent, and apparently the head-stream, of
the Liambaji, or Zambesi, explored in its
upper course by Dr. Livingtohe. And beyond
this to the north is tho mighty river Kassavi,
Kassabi, Kauai, or Loko, which first flows to
the east, and then, augmented by the Lulua
and numerous other allluents, passes north
eastwards through the country of the Mo
luva, under the rule of tho powerful and
mysterious potentate, the Matiamoo of Mua
tiyanoo, to whom the Muata Cazembe, re
cently visited by Dr. Livingstone, was for
merly tributary, and still is so nominally.
The central and most important portion of
these vasts forests, containing the actual
Bourccs of the multitudinous streams issuing
from them in every direction, is entirely un
known to Europeans. Their southorn skirts
have, however, been frequently traversod by
traders and others from the coast, and espe
cially by Ladislaus Magyar, an educated and
accomplished Hungarian, in tho service of
the Government of Benguela, who unfortu
nately died in that colony on November 19,
18f4, when on the eve of returning to Europe
with the manuscript of the second and third
Tolumes of his "Travels," the first volume of
which, containing a description of Benguela
only, Lad been published in 18.7J at Festh, in
Hungarian and German. It is from a letter
from that traveller, dated November 16, 1858,
and published by Dr. Petermann, in his "Geo
grapnische Mittheilungen" for 1800, pp. 227
235, that the foregoing particularshave been ab
stracted. On the east and north these forests of
Kibokoe were approached by Dr. Livingstone
on his former journey; and on February 27,
1854, he crossed the river Kasai or Kassavi
(as I prefer to call it) within about 100 or
170 miles of its source. The following des
cription of the river at that spot is given in
page 332 of his "Missionary Travels:" "This
is a most beautiful river, and very much like
the Clyde in Scotland. The slope of the
valley down to the stream is about COO yards,
and finely wooded. It is, perhaps, about 100
yards broad, and was winding slowly from side
to side in the beautiful green glen, in a course
to the north and northeast. In both the
directions from which it came and to which
St went, it seemed to be alternately embow
ered in sylvan vegetation or rich meadows
covered with tall grass. The men pointed out
its course, and said, 'Though you Bail along it
for months, yon will torn without seeing the
end or it.
The river thus crossed and described by
our countryman nearly sixteen years ago is,
as I now purpose showing, the long-sought-f
or head of the Nile of Egypt. The following
are the particulars I have collected respecting
its course.
A few miles above the spot visited by the
Scottish traveller, the Kassavi, having its
course from west to east, breaks through two
impending masses of rock, and forms the
cataract of Mueva; and it then winds gently
Tound to the north, in which direction it was
followed down by L. Magyar beyond the
seventh parallel of south latitude. Below this
point, he says, the river resumes its easterly
direction, and, aooording to native report, it
acquires a width of several miles, and though
its waters are still frosh, its waves
are at times so high as to be dan
gerous to navigation. He had roason
to believe that the Kassavi attains this great
, breadth where it reaches the extensive lake
i of Mouva (or Moura), otherwise Uhanja. At
, an earlier period the same traveller had re
ported to the Government of Benguela that
the Kassavi was reputed to fall into the
Indian Ocean at some place unknown. Most
important and valuable as this information is,
it has been universally disregarded by geogra
phers and cartographers, who, in direct con
tradiction of the express assertion of an in
telligent European, speaking from his own
personal knowledge, that , below seven de
grees of south latitude the Kassavi flows to
the east, have concurred in turning the
liver's course round to the northwest and
west, and making it to be one of the head
fit reams of the Kuango or Zaire river of
Congo.
For this error my friend Dr. Livingstone is,
I fear, in great part responsible, as the ' fol
lowing extract from page . 437 , of his work
above cited will show: "Several of the native
traders here," at Cabango, in about 9 deg.
30 see. S. lat. and 20 deg. 30 see. E. long.,
"have visited the country of Luba, lying far
to the north of this; and there being some
visitors also from the town of Mai, which is
situated far down the Kasai, I picked up some
information respecting those distant parts.
In going to the town of Mai the traders
crossed only two largo rivers, the Loaiima
and Chihombo. The Kasai flows a little to
the east of the town of Mai, and near it
there is large a waterfall. They desoribe
the ' Kasai as being there of very
great size, and that it thence bends
' round to the west. On asking an old man,
who was about to return to his chief Mai, to
imagine himself standing at his homo,! and
point to the confluence of the Quango' and
Kasai, be immediately turned, and pointing
to the westward, said, 'When we travel five
days (thirty-five or forty miles) in that direc
tion we come to it.' He stated also that the
Kasai received another river, named the Lnll
bah. There is but one opinion among tho
Balonda respecting the Kasai and Quango.
They invariably describo tho Kasai as receiv
ing the Quango, and beyond the confluence
assuming the name . of Zaire, or Zere.ere.
And the Kasai, even previons to tno junction,
is much larger than the Quango, from the nu
merous branches it receives.' ,.
Distinct an this information oqems to bo, I
venture, nevertheless, to dispute its validity.
In the first place, I demur generally to the
conclusion drawn from the apparently eon
current testimony of native traders, than
which often nothing can be more fallacious.
In proof of this I may appeal to the Athena
vm of the 4th of December last, where I
showed how Sir Samnel Baker had formally
recorded his opinion, based on "inquiries he
had made of traders, black, white, and
brown," that the source of the Nile was "as
nearly as possible upon the Equator," and
that Speke s Nyanza had nothing to do with
this river. Yet we see how the same traveller,
by his discovery of the "Albert Nyanza"
shortly afterwards, proved himself to have
been grossly misinformed.
It may, however, be objected that there is
one of Dr. Livingstone's informants namely,
the old man from Mai's town that pointed
out the confluence of the Quango and Kasai
whose testimony is too precise and circum
stantial to be thus set aside. I will there
fore adduce a similar, only Btrongor, instance
of native testimony given to myself, which
conclusively demonstrates that the idea which
the natives of Africa, and probably of other
parts of the world likewise, have of the junc
tion of rivers is often totally different from
that entertained by ourselves.
When I was at the commercial town of
Yaush, in Godjam, in August, 1842, I ob
tained from an intelligent Christian native
trader, named Font a, much valuable informa
tion respecting tho provinces of Abyssinia
east of the Abai, and north of Shoa. On my
inquiring of him the course of the rivers Milli
and Berkona, two affluents of the Hawosh, be
answered that . he knew them well, and that
they both joined the Abai. As I was aware
they did nothing of the sort, I began to fear
that the whole of Fanta's information might
be of the same apocryphal character. But a
little explanation showed he was right accord1
ing to his own way of thinking and speaking.'
On my expressing doubts as to the correctness
of his assertion, ho not only ropeated it, but
appealed to myself as a witness of the fact.
"Do you not say, "asked ho, "that you came to
Shoa through tho Adal country?" I admitted
it. "Consequently you crossed the Hawash,
into which the Milli and Berkona flow. "This,
too, I could not deny. "The Hawash, after
passing between Adal and Shoo, runs round
to the south of the latter country, between it
and Guragye. Does it not?" As I now began
to conceive Fanta's meaning, I did not think
it worth while to dispute his assertion, though
the fact is that the course of the Hawash is
from and not to the south. "Well then,"
said ho triumphantly, "the Hawash joins the
M tiger, the confluence of which latter river
with the Abai yon have seen with your own
eyes." This last likewise was true enough,
and so the worthy Fanta, by merely making
the Hawash run the wrong way, and regard
ing the Mnger as a continuation of it, be
cause the two rivers have some of their
sources together on Mount Salala, sncceedod
in proving to his own satisfaction, if not en
tirely to mine, that the Milli and Berkona
join the Abai.
In like manner, the fact that some tributa
ries of Kuongo (Quango) and the Kassavi
(Kasai) have their sources together in the
Mossamba Mountains, near the town of Mai,
led Dr. Livingstone's informant to assert the
confluence of these two rivers.
This anecdote respecting Fanta was related
by me as long ago as the year 1849, in my
"Observations sur la Communication sup.
posee entre le Niger et le Nil (published in
the "Nouvelles Annales des Voyages," Cme
Bene, torn. n. pp. ib-rJ4j, tor the purpose
of explaining and refuting a statement made
by a Fellatah pilgrim, named Abd-er-liahman,
to the late M. Fulgence Fresnel, from which
statement that learned Orientalist inferred, in
spite of his own great local experience and
knowledge, that a water communieation ac
tually existed between the Atlantic Ocean and
the Mediterranean Sea, by means of a "Canal
des deux Hers, as he called it, of which.
unlike the one that has now just been opened,
he imagined .Mature had been at the expense.
It is singular that, after a lapse of twenty
years, I should have occasion to repeat this
anecdote for the purpose of rebutting the
inlerence trom a similar native statement of
the existence of a water communication be
tween the Kuango (Congo) and the Nile.
This objection having thus been removed,
the question of the lower course of the Kas
savi is freed from all difficulty, and the river
may now be allowed to run in the direction
in which .Ladislaus Magyar said it does. When
that observant traveller first learned that the
Kassavi flows towards the east, he had not,
nor any one, the remotest idea of the possi
bihty of its connection with the Nile; and as
it was evident that so immense a river must
enter the sea somewhere, it was natural for
him to conclude that its month was in
the Indian Ocean. Between 1853, when he
expressed such an opinion, and 1858, when
he wrote the letter published by Dr. Petermann,
Magyar must, however, have heard of the
"reputed great lake of Nvassa,"which Burton
and Speke were sent to explore in 1850, and
consequently nothing was more reasonable
than that he should then make his river
Kassavi run into that lake for such I
understand to be what he meant by his
extensive lake Nhanja (by mistake written
Uhanja). His other name for it, Moeva or
Moera, may possibly be intended for Moravi
or Maravi, as the same lake was sometimes
called. Had the Hungarian traveller lived
to know of Baker's Albert Nyanza, he would
of course have made this the reoipient of
the Kassiva; and he would thus have solved
the Nile problem, instead of leaving to me
its solution with the help of his materials.
btlll this COOd fortunA mltjrir nnk limn Iiaati
mine, had it not been for the information now
received from Dr. Livingstone, which has
led me to refer to the former
explorations and reports of him and
other travellers in order to ascertain
their bearing upon the question in the aotual
state of our knowledge. And I found the
facts to be these. Ladislaus Magyar followed
the course of the Kassavi northwards as far
as C deg. 30 min. south latitude, on or about
the 22d meridian of east longitude. Sir
Samuel Baker has laid down the Albert
nyanza as eiienuiug Huumwwui mi iar as
about 2 deg. south latitude and 28 deg. 30
min. east longitude. Between these two
points there is a spaoe of some 500 geographi
cal miles in a direct line, which has to be
bridged over. But this distance is shortened
by the explorers at each end themselves. The
one in the south was told that the Kassavi
runs eastwards into "Nhanja;" the other in
the north was informed that "Nyanza" comes
from the went "in which direction it extent
is unknown." And now the explorer of the
Chambeze com between the two, and sup
plies almost all that wbs wanting to make the
union between the Kassavi and the Albert
Nyanza a demonstrable fact.
In the first place, ur. uvingsione has ascer
tained that the Chamber.e, the "New Zam
besi" of some of our maps, whose sources
have been discovered by him between 10
and 12 deg. south latitude, does not commu
nicate with the more southerly river Zam
besi, but has its separate courso northwards.
Such being the case, the Chambers must be
the upper course either of the Kuango
(Congo) or of tho Nile. It is also a fact,
established by the Scottish traveller, that the
bed of the Chambeze possesses an absolute
elevation of only 3000 feet. But it being
likewise a fact that the water-parting in the
west, in which are the sources of both the
Knango and the Zambesi, is much higher than
3000 feet; and it appearing further that this
water-parting continues northwards along the
twentieth meridian or thereabouts, as it is
approximately marked on my maps of "The
Basin of the Nile" of 1849, 1859, and 1804
for the great lake discovered on the Equator
by Signor Piaggia has an elevation of 4000
or 500O feet, and is therefore on the eastern
slope of that water-parting it becomes phy
sically impossible for the Chambeze to join
the Kuango, or any other river of the west
coast of Africa; so that it can only join the
Nile.
Further, Dr. Livingstone has ascertained
that the Chambeze, after passing through
several lakes and taking the names, first of
Luapula, and then of Lualaba, flows in a
north-northwest direction to Clenge, in the
country we3t of Lake Tanganyika, and that
the waters of Ulenge are then all gathered up
by the Lufra, a large river that by means of
various confluents drains the western side of
the gTeat valley-plain Bouth of Tanganyika,
as the Chambeze drains its eastern side; and
he was informed that the Lufra then flows on
into Lake Chowombe, which he first believed
to be identical with Baker s Albert Nyanza,
but; now imagines (if I read his last report
correctly) to be "an un visited lake west or
sonthwest of Ujiji."
Ibis river ljuhra the traveller did not see,
but it wns pointed out to him on the eleventh
parallel of south, latitude as being there bo
large as never to be passable except in canoes,
which proves that it must como from a con
siderable distance south of that parallel. It
might reasonably be contended that the
Lunra is the lower course of the Kassavi.
But my impression (which still may be erro
neous) is that it is a separate river, running
halfway between the iiassavi and the Cham
beze. from tho position, however, which,
under any circumstances, the Kassavi
assumes, with its course explored by L. Mag
yar northwards as far as 0 deg. 30 min. south
latitude, whilst tho Lunra, on its side, is
shown by Dr. Livingstone to come from be
yond tho eleventh parallel, it is manifest that,
even if these two rivers do not fall immedi
ately into Iiuker's Albert Nyanza, the one not
less than the other, together with the Cham
beze, must of necessity join it and the Nile,
though at the present moment the precise
point of junction may be unknown; tho Kas
savi being not only the largest and most dw
tant, but also the most direct stream of
them all.
Such being the case, I feel myself justified
in auirming that this river, the Kassavi or
Kassai, is the head stream and upper course
of the Nile of Egypt; that its principal
sources are m the primeval forests of Olo-Vl
henda and Djikoe or Kibokoe on the Mos
samba Mountains, which are now shown to be
"the great hvdrophylacium of the continent
of Africa, the central point of division be
tween the waters flowing to the Mediterra
nean, to the Atlantic, and to the Indian
Ocean" ("Journal of the Itoyal Geographical
Society," vol. xvii, p. 82), as also to Ngami
or some other inland lake; that the approxi
mate position of this, the true Caput Nili, is
between 11 degrees 30 minutes and 12 do
grees south latitude, and in about 18 de
grees or 19 degrees east longitude, nearly
due east of the port of St. Philip of Benguela
on the west coast of Africa, and within S00
geographical miles of the Atlantic Ocean; and
that this marvellous river, the largest in the
world, is thus found to stretch across forty
three degrees of latitude, or, if measured
diagonally, over one-eighth part of the entire
circumference of the globe. And. in affirm
ing this, I have the gratification of being able
to say, on behalf of my native country, the
country 01 ail the upper Nile explorers Bur
ton, Speke, Grant, Ba'ier and Livingstone
that though through past ages it has been
said i
Nulll continglt gloria gentl
rt Nllo sit lata 8uo I
this can now be said no longer. i
Charles Beke.
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GuNtjLVUS 8. Benann.
ALFREDO. K4KKR. Pr.i,l..nf
UKUKGK FALKS, Vice-President.
JAMES W. MrALMSTKR. Secretary.
TUKODORK M. RUUKR, Asst. taut Boeretary. 3 195
THE ENTERPRISE INSURANCE CO. OF
A- FHIIjADr.LrMIA. ,
Office S. W. corner of FOUKTH and WALNUT Streets.
PFRPKTUAL AND TKKM POLIOIKS ISStTKD.
OAbH Capital (paid np in full) fraiu.ouu'OO
Cuah Assets, Ja. 1, 1N70 83A4,3U3'19
11 w K 1 rriitin.
F. Ratchford Starr.
Nalliro Frailer,
John M. Atwood.
ben). 1. Tredick, -George
II. (Stuart,
James h. Ulaghorn,
j. jitibkshjo r.mnger,
Charles Wheeler,
Thomas H. Montgomery.
Iain.. M A nr.
John ii. nrown,
v UilntmnpnUTAKK. rreeident.
THOMAS H. MONTGOMERY, Vios-Presldent.
ALKX. W. WISTF.R, (Secretary.
JACOB K. PKTKR&Oat, Aanitant Secretary
T7AME INSURANCE COMPANY.
No. 809 CHESNUT Street.
INCORPORATED 1868. CHARTER PERPETUAL,
FIRE INSURANCE EXCLUSIVELY.
Insures stain Loss or Damage by Fire either by Pay.
petoal or Temporary i-ouoies. i
Onarles Rlohardaon, Kib,rA 1
Wiliiain H. Rhawn, John Keealer, Jy
William M. Beyfert, Edward B. tirns,
John V. Hmith, Onarles Btokee, j
Nathan liillea, John W. KTerman,
George A. West, Mordeoai Buzby.
CHARLES RICHARDSON. President.
WILLIAM U. RHAWN, Vios-Presldent.
WILLIAM L BlaMQHABD. Secretary. y aaj
ryUE PENNSYIArilUi LNSUKAtfCX
Incorporated lotto Charter Perpetual. '
Ho. 10 WALNUT Street, oppoute Independence Sqsara.
This Company, fayorably known to the oonununiw fo
ever forty yean, continues! to insure againe loa or dam.
as by Bre on Public ior Pnyat BuiiJin.4elLh perma,
nently or for a limited time. Aleo on F urniture, Stocks
of Goods, and Merchandise enerally, en liberal ternik
Their OapiUl, together with a Urge Surplus Euad, la
Invested In the mosteajrefnl manner, which enable. (baa
to oiler to tne insured aa undoubted SaoarUe la Iha eaee
' ' panlel Smith, Jr., , .1 . John Dererenx, ,
r, Atoaandes Benaon, I ITiomas Smstn,
Uaae klaalfbare, I llenry LewieT
Thomas Robins. I J. UiLmiuua Tall.
i ' - ' . ' uanjul SMITH. Jb.. PresMenli
WM. O. CROW ELL. Ueretry. ' gjft
. . -. ...si
rNBURANOE.. i
gE CON D ANNUAL STATEMENT
Or TBI
"National life Insurance Company
OP TIIK U. H. A.,M
Per Ike Yea Kndlac December 31. 1569.
MKH1DKHT,
CLARENCE 11. CLARK.
CHAIBMAl rTNANCH OOMMITTIf,
JAY COOK.E.
vies mrmriKHTK,
HENRY D. COOKE, E. A. ROLLINS.
gBntRTAKY AND AOTT1ART,
KMEKHON W. FEET.
NKniCAL niRKCTOR,
FRANCIS O. SMITH, M. D.
ARR1STAWT MtntCAI. rttalCTOR,
J. JCYYLNQ MEAKH, M. U.
Capital Stock paid in fall... $1,000,000
rremlnmi received dnrlng the year.... 5S2, 808-03
Interest received from investments and
income from all other sources 104,839 -03
1037,142-11
EXPENDITURE.
Life losses paid and surrendered poli
cies 144,422-13
V. 8. and State Taxes 8,062-83
Commissions to Agents, salaries, medi
cal examinations, advertising, print
ing, stationery, etc, etc 333,640-00
Ull ,024 -95
ASSETS JANUARY 1. 1N70.
United States and State Loans, Bonds
ana a engages, ana ixans on collate
ral Security 11.160.637-19
Deferred Premiums and cash In hands of
Agents , 172,149-99
Cah on hand and In bank 109,863-66
Accrued Interest and all other Assets. .. 83,961-66
8 19stUtll6t ' 11,466,606-85
.A. S B XJ XS, "Y"
LIFE INSURANCE CO , N. Y.
Number of Policies itsned by the five lai-goat No York
Companies daring the first tears ef their existence :
MUTUAL (23 months) 1099
NKVtr XOKK (ISniOntUH) ,.10S1
MANHATTAN (17 months) 9R3
KN K'KERUOCKKU. . . (20 months) , 669
EQUITABLE. (17 mouths) 8S0
Durmjr the 81 months of Its existence the
ASBURY
HAS ISSUED 2600 POLICIES,
INSURING NEARLY $6,000,000.
Canvassing Agents wanted throughout
Reliable
the
Counuy.
JAMES M. LGNOAORK,
Manaper for Penrnjlvania and Delaware.
Office, No. H WALNUT Street, PhiladelDbiai
SAMUKL POWERS, Special Ajreoi
4 It?
WESTERN
Mutual Llfo Insurance Cos
OF NEW YORK.
EDWIN E. SIMPSON, MANAGER,
Wo. 518 WALMl'T St.. riiilada.
All the good, equitable and liberal features ot the best
Uf e Insurance Companies are guaranteed to the policy
noiaers oi tms uompany. 182skuth3m
Liberal arrangements mad with eempetont agents.
MPIUAIt FIRE INSURANCE CO.
LONDON. !
ESTABLISHED 1S4J3.
Fald-np Capital and Accumulated Funds,
88,000,000 I IV OOLD.
PEEV0ST & HERRING, Agent,
Kt No. 107 8. THIRD Street, Philadelphia.
CHAR. M. FREV08T,
CHAS. P. BTERRINO
DRUGS, PAINTS, gTO.
T) oisi:iir giioiJZUAiiJBii & co.,'
N. E. Comer FOURTH and RACE Sts.,
PTm.ADTCI.PniA,
WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS.
Importers and Manufacturers of
WEITB LEAD AND COLORED PAINTS, PUTTY,
VARNISHES, ETC.
AGENTS FOB THE CELEBRATED FRENCH
ZINC PAINTS.
Dealers and consumer supplied at lowest prices
for cash. is 4
DRUGGIST AND CHEMIST.
AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
FAINTS, OILS. GLASS. AND
PATENT MEDICINES,
Nos. 1301 and 1303MA11KET St.
1021 thatutas
WANTS.
8 5BB&SSBB3I38BsTB 5
TO THI wOHKINQ OLAStl.-Ws are now pre
pared to furnish all olaasee with constant employ
ment at home, the whole of the time or for the spare
momenta. Business new, light, and pro ti table. Persons
nf AitriMr u. mm mi 1 v Mnrn from filln In tth nu. ...nln. mnA -
proportional sum by devoting their whole time to the j
business. Boys audglrs earn nearly aa much asmiu, I
'Hint all wno see tnu notice may eena tneir address, ad
test the business, we nuke this unparalleled offer: To
such aa are not well satUtJed, we will send $1 to pay tot
the trouble of writing. Full particulars, a taluaole sam
ple, which will do to oommouoe work on, and copy of
JA Feojitc'i Literary Comxtnumoae of the largeat and
beat family newspapere published all sent free by mail.
Reader, if too want permanent, profitable work, address
K. O. ALLKN A CO., Auausta. Maine. 116 8m
OROOERIE8 AND PROVISIONS.
JIOnAEIi MEAGHER & CO.,
No. 123 South SIXTEENTH Street, ,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers In
PROVISIONS. OYSTER8 AND TERRAPINS,
bublor's Ultra Canned CORN.
" . PKAB. .
- - " PKAUHES.
Maryland Canned TOMATOKB.
Katra Canned ASPAKAGU8.
PAPER HANOINQ8.
LOOK I LOOK I ! LOOK 1 1 1 WALL PAPERS
and Linen Window Bhadaa Manufaetnred. the
cheapest in the oity.at JOHNSTON'S Depot, No. lubl
lift FEDERAL Street. Oamden. New Jaraay.
EirKlNu uauum nireei, oetow juerenin. uranoS, No,
SW
M
K K 1 O K & 8
O M 8
BOUTHWARK FOUNDRY,
Ha 430 WASHINGTON AVENUE, Philadelphia,
WILLIAM WRIGHT'S PATENT VARIABLE
CUT-OP? STEAK ENGINE, i
Regulated by the Governor.
MERRICK'S SAFETY EOISTINQ MACHINE,
Patented Jane, 1863.
DAVID JOY'S
PATENT VALVELESS STEAM HAMMER
D Ha WESTON'S
PATENT BELF-CENTERLNG, B BLF-B ALANOTNQ
CENTKDJUUAL SUGAR-DRAIN 1NU MACHINE.
AND j
HYDRO EXTRACTOR. 1
For Cotton or Woolen Manufacturers. T 10 mwf
. TAC8BJJI WX1UUCX. WIIXLiM . HMUU0.
OH M. mru.
0
O tt
N IIUI14fli
O
K. aonar
of AR&KT and WATER Street
. I . i w a-Mry eMeoripuon, iuc
PROPOSALS.
PROPOSALS FOR STAMPED ENVELOPES AND
. WRAPPERS.
Tost Oftici DuPAaTKmrr,
January 10. lsmf
Bealed Frcmoaitls Will be rrwlyed rtntll i P. M.
on the 1st day of MARCH, 1ST0, for fnrnlshlnff aU
the "Stamped Envelopes" and "Newspaper Wrap.
prs" which this Deportment may require dating
period of fonr years, oonimenclns? lat of Jolv.
1870, !.!
STAMPER ENVU)PKS.
NO. 1. Note sute. iti by Inches, of whit
paper.
. no. a. uratnarr letter iliie, W bt
inches, of white, bnff, eanarj, or creairj
colored poper, or in such proportion of either a
II ct w iT-iiiiieu.
No. a. Fnll letter ilia fmurnmmnd on Mao. for
circulars). x by ) inches of the same color a
No. 9, and under a like condition as to the propor-
No. 4. Fnll letter sly.e. BV by Bv Inches, of inma
colors as No. 9, and under a like oonditlon aa to the
proportion oi eacn.
No. 6. Extra letter size (nnjrommod on flap, tot
rlrcnlsrs), by 6 Inches, of same colors aa No.
a, and under a like condition aa to the proportion of
each.
No. a. Extra letter sire. B Vf bv V Inches, of suns
colors as No. 9, and under a like condition aa to tho
proportion oi eacn.
No. 7. Clllctal size. BX by 6U Inches, of aamn
colors as No. 9, and under a like condition aa to the
proportion oi eacn.
XI a fi L" r. nMl.t.l .1.. . t w a .V .
sairie colors aa No. 8, and under a like condition aa.
to the proportion or t-acn.
NKW8PAPKR WRAPPERS.
t by t)f Inches, of bull or nianllla pscr.
ah me aoove etrvviopes ana wisppers to DS em
bossed with postage stamps of such denominations,
styles, and colore, and to bear such printing on tho
face, and to be made In the most thorough manner,
of papef of approved quality, mnnufacturod specially"
tor the purpose, with such water marks or other de
vices to prevent Imitation as the Postmaster-General
may direct.
The envelopes to be thorono-hlT and nerfectl
summed, the gnmmlni? on the flap of each (except
for clrcniars) to be put on not less than half an Inch
In width the entire lKiigth. The wrappers to be
gummed not less than Uiree-fourtlis of an Inch In
wiotu across tne eno.
All envelopes and wrappers must be banded In
parcels of twenty-five, and packed In strong
pastctioard or straw boxes, each to contain not lews
than two. handled and fifty of the letter or extra
letter size, and one hundred each of the olll
clal or extra official size, separately. The news
paper wrappers to be packed In boxes to contain
cot less than two hundred and llfty each. The
boxes are to be wrapped and sealed, or securely
fastened In strong maullla paper, so M to safely
bear transportation by mall for delivery to
fioBtmasteni. When two thousand or more envel
opes are required to fill the order of a postmaster,
the straw or pasteboard boxes containing the
sine must be packed In strong wooden cases,
well strapped with hoop-iron, and addressed;
but When loss thun two thousand are required,
proper labels of direction, to be furnished by an
agent of the Department, must be placed upon each
package by the contractor. Wooden cases, con
taining envelopes or wrappers to be transported
by water routes, must be provided with suitable
water-prooflug. The whole to be done under
the Inspection and direction of an agent of the
Department.
The envelopes and wrappers must be furnished
and delivered with all reasonable despatch, complete
In all respects, ready for use, and In such quantltlea
as may be required to All the daHy orders of post
masters ; the deliveries to be made either at the Post
Ctllce Department, Washington, D. C, or at the
olllce of an agent duly authorized to Inspect and re
ceive the same: the place ef delivery to be at the
option or the Postmaster-General, and the cost of
delivering as well as all expense of packing, ad
dressing, labeling, and water-proofing, to bo paid by
the eontractor. ,
Bidders are notified that the Department will re
quire, as a condition of the contract ,that the en
velopes and wrappers shall be manufactured and
stored In such nmuuer as to ensure security against
loss by lire or theft. The manufactory must at all
times be subject to the lnspeetlon of an agent of the
Department, who will require the stipulations of the
contract to be faithfully observed.
The dies for embossing the postage scamps on the
envelopes and wrappers are to be executed to the
BatlHfuctloa of the PostmasterGeneral, In the best
style, and they are to lie provided, renewed, and
kept in order at the expense of the contractor. The
department reserves the right of requiring new dies
for any stamps, or denominations of stamps not now
used, and any changes of dies or colors shall bo
njaoe without extra charge.
Specimens of the stamped envelopes and wrap
pers dow In use may be seen at any of the principal
post offices, but these specimens are not to be re
garded as the style and quality flxed by the depart
ment as a standard for the new contract; bidders
are therefore Invited to submit samples of other
and different qualities and styles, Including the
paper proposed as well as tho manufactured en
velopes, wrappers, and boxes, and make their bids
accordingly.
The contract will be awarded to the bidder whose
proposal, although It be not the lowest, Is con
sidered most advantageous to the Department,
taking Into account the prices, quality of the sam
ples, workmanship, and the sufficiency and
ability or the bidder to manufacture and deliver the
envelopes and wrappers In accordance with the
terms of this advertisement: and no proposal will
be considered unless accompanied by a sufficient
and satisfactory guarantee. The Postmaster-General
also reserves the right to reject any and all bids,.
If In bis Judgment the interests of the Government
require It.
Before closing a contract the successful bidder
may be required to prepare new dies, and aubmlt
lnipresKlons thereof. Tbk usb or Til phshbht diss
MAY OR HAT HOT BB CONTIMCKD.
Bonds, with approved and sufficient sureties, In
the sum of fH,uoo, will be required for the faithful
performance of the contract, as required by the
seventeenth section of the act of Congress, approved
the IdGth of August, 1842, and payments under said
contract will be made quarterly, after proper ad
justment of accounts.
The Postmaster-General reserves to himself the
right to annul the contract whenever the same, or
any part thereof, la offered for sale for the purpose
of speculation ; and under no circumstances will a,
transfer of the contract be allowed or sanctioned
to any party wbo shall be. In the opinion of the
Postmaster-General, less able to fulfill the condi
tions thereof than the original contractor. The
right Is a) ho reserved to annul the contract for a
failure to perform faithfully any of Its stipulation.
The number of envelopes of different slues, and of
wrappers Issued to Postmasters during the lacal year
ended June 80, 1669, was as follows, viz.: .
No, 1. Note size 1,114,000.
No. 2. Ordinary letter size; (not heretofore
used).
No. B. Full letter size, (nngummed, for circulars)
4,ico,ono.
ho. 4. "ull letter size 61,807,600. , . -
No. e. Extra letter size, (ungunimed, for slrcuiaraf
848,600. " '
No, 6. Extra letter size 4.204,600;
No. 7. Official size 604,660.
No. a Extra official glze-lTO0.
Wrappers 8,696,960.
Bids should be securely enveloped and aealed.
marked "Proposals for Stamped Envelopes and
Wrappers," and addressed to the Third Assistant
Postmaster-General, Post Office Department, Wash
ington, D. C. ,
JOHN A. J. CRK8WELL,
1 11 eodtMl Postmaster General.
PROPOSALS FOR STREET CLEANING,
SEALED PROPOSALS will be reoelved at the
Office or the BOARD OF HEALTH, S. W. corner
of SIXTH and SANSOM Streets, Philadelphia, until
18 o'clock noon on the liOth day of February, lb7e.
for cleaning and keeping thoroughly clean at all
times from the 1st day or MAJtCUT 1H70, to the 81 at
day of DKUKMBKlt, 1871. all the paved streets,
alleys, courts, Inlets, market houses, gutters, gut
ters under railroad crossings, gutters of unpaved
streets, and all other public highways, and the im
mediate removal or all filth ana dirt therefrom, after
the same has been collected together; also, the
removal of ashes and the collection and burial of alt
dead animals embraced within the following dis
tricts, via. f . i .
First. That part or the city lying north of ALLE
GHENY Avenue, known as Bridesburg and Prank
ford ; to be termed the Twentieth district.
Second. That part of the city known as MANA
YUNK; to be termed the Twenty-first district.
Bids must be for separate districts, natulug the
number or the district.
The Board reserves the right to reject any and all
bids; also the right to award contracts for one dis
trict only.
Warrants for the payment of said contracts will
be drawn In conroimity with section 0 Of the Act of
Assembly approved March 18, 119.
Kuv elopes Inclosing proposals must be Indorsed
"Proposals for Street Cleanlug," etc.,1! naming the
number of the district bid for.
E. WARD, President
Crus. B. Barejtt, Secretary, a i 6t
STOVES, RANQES, ETO.
THOMSON'S LONDON KITCUENKI
or K.UKOPHAN RAMUK. for familiea. tmtia.
JTjpnliMo Institutions, In TWKNTIf DlVFKKifff
naoes. Portable Heaters, - Low-dowa tfratoa, - tireboaru.
Slovea, Bath It oilers. Stew-hole Platea, Uoilera, Oookin4
Dicea, ei., wnoioaaie ana reran, or tne mti:uium
by the niar.uruiturera.
1147 BsCa
' BtLSKrS IB'lJHDUfl,
e. Hua M. lUtOOtiit oueei,