THE DAILY EVENING TELEGRAPH, PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 18G9.
THE EARTJiqUlKES.
Klrl" the Volrnno of Kllnnrn-Won-d'
,l imecf mf ErupiloB In the Hnn.lwlch
lnlnait Th JVnivInn DlHtiirbmnoeit-Tlie
:rrnt Unrtlmnnke Wtfi
llii.o, Hawaii, Sept. UO. I have lately re
lumed from a tour of exploration to the active
crater of Kilauca and tlio volcanic district of
Punn. At Kilaucft tho action was (lull. Tlio
central urea of this Immense crater remains a
ilecp concavity, depressed about 400 feet below
its margin; but tUis nmrirln is a new vein or
black ledc of lava, Itself depressed a tbousnnd
feet below tho banks of the crater, and mark Ihlj
the former level ot its bottom. In this profound
fcaidn I noticed a scanty jfi'owth "f ferns rooted
in the superficial strata ot lava. They had gone
down uninjured to a depth of 400 or ."0i) leel, as
the crust subsided upon lie divorcement of tho
molten lava beneath. The old riunili Luke re
tains its locality, but its contours are entirely
chanced.
It is now n nearly circular pit, about 40) feet
deep in the bottom of the crater. Its diameter,
us I measured. Is four-iifths of a mile, and its
walls, of black hardened lava, arc jacked nnd
frowning; in gome places beetling;; in others,
perpendicular or retrcatiuir. To this sombre
abyss access Is anything hut caiy; it is possible
to enter it at but a Binglo place, and by making
a trajd over a steep, rugged, and dillicult incline
of tllrte. yet a bravo American lady of mypariy
ventured to descend under my guidance. Here,
2000 feet below the surface of the ground, wc
tramped together over tho lloor of the
awful pit. It seems now the half-cooled
for'-e of Vulcan; tho fiery billows no
longer roll and break as they were wont
to do over this vast area of indurated lavas; yet,
in many places we could look into red-hot
ovens and chimneys, and peer down through
orillces in the cru-t to the molten sea below,
And hear and see and feel tho incandescent
minerals boiling, hissing, and surging, lashing
the fides of the infernal cavern, and sending up
volumes of white sulphur vapors like the broih
f Pluto, or like the "smoke of torment,"
fpoken of in that terrible passage lu Kevela
tions, ' which useendeth forever." But now this
principal focus of volcanic action is compara
tively (iiiiescent. Our last great eruption has
lowered its fiery tides far below their usual
level; and we are content to enjoy this
lull in the strife of the telluric forces, which
ie so ably described in Dr. C. F. Winslow's
reccut.work on Force and Nature a work which
pves the completest explanation that has yet
appeared of volcanic phenomena in Hawaii. I
spent three days at Kilauca, making careful
denervations of the crater; and, when these were
completed, went to the seashore at Kc-a-la-ko-nio,
a village in the volcanic district of Puna,
situated about twenty miles from Kilauea. Iu
this district the subsidence of the land was dis
tinctly marked. Throughout a coast line of
many miles in extent the shore has settled from
tix to eight feet.
On the &Mh of July last a remarkable flood
tide visited the southern shore of Puna, tearing
away the faces of tho sea-cliffs, sweeping over
barriers twenty-live feet Linn, rolling in foam
ing sui ts hundreds of lect inland, and carrying
with it huge boulders and angular masses of rock
from a ton to three tou9 iu weight. Tho sea, rose
nearly thirty feet in perpendicular height, or
ten feet higher than the great earthquake wave,
already described in your columns of the 2d of
April," 1M58. Several houses which were not
reached by that wave were swept away on the
25th. By the latter calamity nearly everything
has been destroyed upon the high shores of
Ka-ha-na-le-a, and tho delicious bath in the fis
sure at Pu-na-luu is doubled iu depth.
Nor are tho changes that the plastic volcanic
agency Is impressing upon this country yet com
pleted. At Ka-lii-pa-nn the sea is more and more
invading the land. Two channels are opened
through the beach, and the tide ebbs and Hows
over largo fields of the Ka-Ia-pa-na plain. The
old 6toue church of the village is deeply burled
in sand and boulders, and tho tides sweep en
tirely over it. From Ka-mai-li to Ka-po-ho the
bhorcs arc terribly torn by tho action of the vol
canic waves. Between "the villages of O-pi-hi-kaa
and Po-ho-l-kl tho waves dashed a thousand
feet Inland, and destroyed a mile of road run
ning parallel with the shore, upon a lino never
before reached by the sea. But for tho declivity
of our shores, these gigantic waves would have
penetrated much further inland. What ruin
would not be done by a succession of billows 80
feet higher than tho highest tides, hurled vio
lently upon tho coasts of New York and
New Jersey ! An electrical storm occurred at
the same time with these phenomena (July 25),
and hundreds of largo mullet were killed, appa
rently, by this cause, iu the "Green Lake"
(Wai-a-Pe-le), at Kapoho. The point of dis
turbance, from which these rcni'irkablc waves
radinted. Is still unknown to us. The focus of
the great Peruvian earthquakes of 1808 was near
the city of Arica, w here tho first shocks were
felt at 4-45 P. M., Aug. 13. The resulting earth
quake wave reached our islands, a distance of
0000 miles to the northwest, late at night upon ,
the same day, and travelling toward tho south- 1
west, reached the harbor ot Lyttleton, New Zen- I
land at 4 o'clock in tho morning of tho 15th. ,
Making the allowances in time required by a :
difference in longitude of 243 deg. 18 min. '
(counting eastward), it appears that the wave I
occupied but 10 hours and 17 minutes iu making j
the latter distane oi tjw miles.
This makes 308 miles per hour, or 510 feet per
second, about half tho nominal velocity of a
cannon ball. On the 23d of December, 1854, a
similar wave was transmitted across the entire
breadth of the Pacific Ocean, from Japan to
California, in twelve hours and thirty-eight min
utes. The great earthquake wave of April 20,
1808, passed from our Hawaiian shores to the
coasts of Mexico, California, and Oregon, iu
five hours' time, as Indicated by self-registering
tide-gauges at San Francisco and Astoria, which
announced IU arrival unou the evening of the
tame day in which it had desolated tho coasts of
Puna and of Kit u. Those waves are entirely
distinct from the tidal swing of the ocean, and
are proper waves of translation, in which the
particles of water moved bodily forwards and
backwards, like those of the air in sound waves.
They convey an impressive idea of the tremen
dous power required to disturb tho whole body
of the Pacific Ocean for 10,000 miles in cither
direction.
I returned to Hilo by the coast route, expe
riencing occasional earthquakes by tho way,
some of them a little startling. These still con
tinue at intervals; but we are inclined to expect
a season of comparative volcanic quiet at pre
sent, and have no sensation, in the way of natu
ral phenomena, in delluito jrospect earlier than
the transit of Venus in 18i4. We are already
promised visits by scientific observers upon that
occasion.
Cholera In India.
An East Indian correspondent of the Pall
Mall Gazette writes as follows about the cholera
in India:
Invasion Is the latest word adopted by the
doctors to express the advent from year to year
of epidemic cholera. The term Is not unhappily
chosen as characterizing the swift, simultaneous,
irresistible, irregularly regular sweep of tho dis
ease over the provinces lying powerless in its
path. Never starting from a centre in those
countries where it is not indigenous, It advances
from its lair in the great delta of the Ganges,
known by sanitary authorities as tho cradle
of endemic cholera, and thence, other con
ditions being favorable, presses forward
sntil cheeked by tho winter months,
when It hybernates, aud after undergoing its
normal period ot dormancy comes forth with the
6priug revitalized, and, like a giant refreshed,
ready for further manifestations in tho area
already covered and for epidemic progress Into
those districts It hud been unablo to iiivade lu tho
preceding year, and so, on and on, year by year,
with tho caravaus across Central Asia, or in the
pilgrim ships of tho Ked Sea, through Egypt
and Turkey, over the continent of Europe to
the kingdom prepared for It iu the filthy slams
Kreat.'i I?8 .1 f'"K'aud, cover staying in
its course until its virus l expended or the con-
ylL 1 the inva.
iva-
! derives support from tho courso taken by tho
epidemic visitations of this nnd last year.
Whether, an is confidently asserted, tho theory
stands the test of a close research into tho his
tory of past epidemics, I am not lu a position to
say. Its defenders to establish thelu point must
show that cholera has never appeared in a spo
radic .form in the Northwest Provinces, tho
Dcccnn, tho Pnnjaub, or the countries lying
beyond tho British borders, but htu Invariably
been 1. omo along an unbroken series of cholera
waves from tho Gangetlc delta. Hut what more
immediately concern us is how to repel or.
evade, tho attacks, which, come from what quar
ter or originate how they may, constitute the
most forinid.il le enemy the British in
India have to contend " a ; linst. I'ntil wo
know what maimer of tiling our enemy
is. nnd where he i nn be smitten, a knowledge
from which we seem as far as our lathers were,
repulsion Is nn impo.-i-ibllity. Evasion has been
tried, nnd frequently with success, but the
flights are uccc-s.'h ilv somewhat empirical, and
it has happened that a regiment attacked by the
disease has been removed from a comparatively
lightly visited district into one virulently
nttcctcd. This year the epidemic, illustrating
tho invasion theory, has reoccupied its last year
area namely, Bengal, part of the Northwest,
and nil Hie Central provinces and has iuvadod
Jinjpootana, tunic, ami tno remainder oi iuo
Northwest ns high as Agra. Hitherto Mccrut,
Kohileund, mid the I'unjaub have escaped,
though precursory symptoms have appeared iu
I'miitsnr. We " may, however, confidently
hope that the cpulcn.ic, for this yeir
at least, has done its worst. Accounts
from the stations where disease has
been rife grow daily more satisfactory, and from
many notably Allahabad, where the morlalily
Was greatest It has disappeared altogether. I
have not been al io to obtain trustworthy ac
counts to date of the mortality amongst the
general population: but it has" 1 ecu terribly
heavy to lie counted by tens of thousands.
Amongst the British troops, including women
and children, the total number of deaths has
been about oVO. This is not an cvtraordinnrv
number lor a year of epldojnie, but the distin
guishing characteristic of the cholera of IS,;'.) is
its virulent'. Of those seized more than two
thirds died. Dr. Cuniiighani, Sanitary Commis
sioner to the Government of India, has recom
mended tho adoption of a more extended trial of
the evasion system of bullling cholera. Nunc
districts, lamentably lew lu '"number, are re
markable for n comparative immunity from
the disease. Where these are attainable
by rail, nnd not more than 150 to 2 H)
miles distant, Dr. Cuniughani proposes that
regiments in which cholera appears at all shall
be at once removed to them. The scheme U ml
miltcdly meiely experimental, but Lord Mavo
has decided to give it a full trial when occa.-iou
may arise. The district civil officers in commu
nication with the ollieerj of the quartermaster
general's department have been busy, therefore,
in selecting sites for camps in the favored dis
tricts near the line of rail, but far enough from
towns or populous villages to avoid the risk of
Infection on either side. .Meanwhile detailed in
structions have been issued from army head
quarters for the guidaiiee of olliecrs command
ing troops entrusted with the execution of t!io
plan.
I sincerely hope I shall not have to touch on
the subject of cholera in any subsequent letter,
but at the risk of wearying you with this not
very inviting though important topic, 1 will quote
a paragraph from u very late liieuior.mdum on
this year's epidemic by Dr. Bryden. of tho Sani
tary Commission Ollice:
"Were the cholera die fms) or isno now to bo
stoppeil In itsgcoprnpliical iliatrlimtkm, tlie cholera
of the year would present tlirniiKliout the ISenir.il
j'rcsiuency uie precise niBtriimiiim or the cholera of
lsOO; powerful epidemic advance from the East lias
occurred up to Ml dejr. ; t!ie northern ami southern
epidemic highways have been universally occupied,
and Meerut, Koliilcund, and the i'lininuh have re
mained as yet an exempted area. The meteorology
of lsso within the exempted tract very much res'iiu
bled that of the monsoon season of ISG0 within tlio
same limits, and it is an unpleasant reflection that
the exempted cholera tract of is) became on ac
count of Its exemption the famine tract oi isi;i. Tin;
KccRraphv of the exempted cholera tract of lsiio and
of the famine tract of ltsiil will be found to be abso
lutely Identical. Kven now within the uninvaded
tract of isi; the rains have been extremely deileient,
and for a fortnight they have ceased altogether."
All! IfctHMMlillii.
A few years ago, the inhabitants of u par
ticular street in Paris were attacked with an
unaccountable irritation of tho epidermis, which
compelled them to scratch themselves from
morn till night, no considorate Duke of Argyle
being there to take compassion on them. The
result was that they scarified themselves bit by
bit, and any one seeing them would have thought
that leprosy at least had fallen on the quarter.
An inquiry was instituted by the authorities,
when it was discovered that the proximity of a
certain Mademoiselle liose, breeder of ants, for
the sake of their eggs for fattening vounr Phea
sants, was the cause of the calamity. On the
police visiting the establishment, they encoun
tered a woman between forty and fifty years of
age, and of a terrible aspect, her face and
hands being as completely tanned as though
they had undergone dressing at the hands of a
skilful currier. This was tho result of con
tinuous attacks on the part of her ungrateful
pupils, whose inroads upon her person hud
forced her to encase tho rest of her body in
bull leather. Thus protected sho slept at
night surrounded by sacks full of her vivacious
merchandise in perfect security, and seemed
much astonished at the police visiting her
establishment.
"How can nuy one venture to complain of
these little insects:-'' remarked she. "Why, I
live in tlio very midst of them, and do not feel
any the worse. Some ono must have a spite
againstmc, 1 am certain the world la so wicked."
Despite, however, of all sho could urge, Made
moiselle Rose was obliged to transport her
strange boarding establishment to a perfectly
Isolated building beyond the burner, and iu duo
course the cutaneous irritation experienced by
her late neighbors was allayed.
Mademoiselle Rom had her correspondents In
many of tho departments of France, more espe
cially in those where very largo forests exist,
aud paid them at the rate of a couple of francs
a day. Her aggregate daily consignments
were about hall a score of large sacks, her
profits on which amounted to thirty francs.
Sho was proud ol her trade, und malntuinod
thnt she was the only person who thoroughly
understood the fecuudatimi of emmets, having
long since mado it her business to study tho
manners and customs of these infects." "I
can make them," sho used to say, "lay eggs
at will, and produce ten times as many as they
do in a wild state. To accomplish this I plae'e
them in a room where there is an iron stove
kept liented red hot. 1 allow them to make
their nests where they uleuse, as it never dous
to interfere with them. They requiro great care,
aud the more attentiou you bestow upon the n
the more money they will bring you in. 1 sell
their eggs to the chouiists, and supply the Jardiu
des Plantes and most of the breeders of pheas
ants In the neighborhood of Paris with them.
The young birds have a particular liking lor tin 4
kirn of food.", All Uw Year liomnl..
The Serpent' Mollon.
I cannot understand this swift forward
motion of serpents. The seizure of prey ly
the constrictor, though invisibly swift, U
quite simple in mochauism; it is Kimply tho
return to its coil of an opened watch-prinir,
and is just as iustanl imeous. Hut the steady
and continuous motion, without a visible
fulcrum (for the whole Body moves at tho
name instant, and I have often Boon even
small snakes glide a fast as I eould walk),
seems to invohe a vibration, of the soales
quite too rapid to ho conceived. The motion
of the crest and dorsul fin of the hippocampus,
which is one of the intermediate types be
tween serpent and fish, perhaps gives some
resemblance of it, dimly visible, for the
quivering turns the tin into a mere mist. The
entrance of tlie two barbs of a bee's sting by
alternate motion, "the teeth of one barb
acting as a fulcrum for tho other," must be
scu-ctLis Lie the .'.rtat jas'.ks a soirJI J
: ; : 1 . ; . .
3Ioucru 7Io'linni'nl Science.
From tho interesting address of C. W. Sie
mens, F.H.S., before tho Mechanical Science
Section of the British Association, republished
by 1 7m JVofiirand'H Engineering Magazine, wc
present ecvernl po nts of Interest:
Patents Tho greatest illustration of tho
beneficial wcrking of tho patent laws was sup
plied, in my opinion, by .lames Watt, when, just
about ono hundred years ago, ho patented his
Invention ot a hot-working cylinder nnd sepa
rate stcuiu-cngino condenser. After years of
contest ngaii Bt those adverse circumstances that
beset every Important Innovation, James att,
with failing health and scanty means, was only
upheld in his struggle by tho deep conviction of
tlie ultimate triumph of his cause. I Uis convic
tion nave him confidence to enlist the co-operation
of a pccord capitalist, after the first had
failed him, and of asking for an extension of his
declining patent. ithont tills opportune help
Watt could not have succeeded to mature his
invention: lie would, in nil probability, have re
lapsed Into the mere instrument-maker, with
broken health aud broken heart, and the inven
tion of tlie steam-engine would not. ouly have
been retarded for a generation or two, "But its
nnai progress would nave nccn based probably
upon the coarser conceptions of Fapin, Savory,
nnd Ncwcomen.
Tun Gm at Wohks of Tin: Vi:ai:. In view
ing the latest achievements of engineering sci
ence, two works fcttikc the imagination t hielly
u men cm ceding inagnurmc, aim uy iuo lunu
cnee they are likely to exercise upon the traffic
of the world. The first of these is the great
Pacific liailway, which, iu passing through vast
regions hitherto inaccessible to civilized man.
aud over formidable mountain chains, joins Cali
fornia with the Atlantic States of the great
Americau republic. Tho second is the Suez
shipping canal, which, notwithstanding adverse
prognostications and 6crious difficulties, will bo
opened very shortly to the commerce of the
world. These works must greatly extend the
range of commercial cutcrprlse in the North
Pacific and the Indian Seas. The new waterway
to India will, owing to the dillicult navigation
of the Ked Sea, be iu e fleet oiilv available for
ships propelled by steam, and will give a stimu
lus to that branch of engineering.
Tr.i.KG KA Pi! s. Telegraph communication with
America has been rendered more secure against
interruption by the successful submersion of the
Freuch Transatlantic Cable. On the other hand,
telegraphic communication with India still re
mains in a very unsatisfactory condition, owing
to imperfect lines aud divided administration.
To supply a remedy for this public evil, the
Indo-European Telegraph Company will shortly
open Its special Hues for Indian correspondence.
In Northern Ilus.-ia, the construction of a land
line is far advanced to connect St. Petersburg
with the mouth of the Amoor river, on comple
tion of which only a submarine link between
L the Amoor and San Francisco will be wanting
to complete the girdle round the earth. With
these great highways of speech once established,
a network of "submarine aud aerial wires will
soon follow, to bind all inhabited portions of our
globe together into a closer community of inter
ests, which, if followed up by steaui'couiinuni
tation by land and by sea. will open out a great
and meritorious Held" for the activity of the civil
and mechanical engineer.
Waufakr. While the extension of commu
nication occupies the attention of perhaps the
greater number of our engineers, others are en
gaged upon weapons of oi'lcnsivc and defensive
warfare. Wc Jiavc scarcely recovered our won
der at the terrific destruction dealt by tho Ann
strong gun, the Whitworth bolt, or the steel
barrel consolidated under Krupp's gigantic
steam hammer, when wc hear ot a shield of
such solidity and toughness as to bid defiance
to them all. A larger gun, or a hard bolt by
Paihscror unison, is the successful answer to
this challenge, when again defensive plating,
of greater tenacity to absorb the power residing
in the shot, or of such imposing weight and
hardness combined as to resist the projectile
abbolutely (causing it to be broken up by the
force residing within itself), is brought for
ward. The ram of war with heavy iron sides,
which a few years since was thought the
most formidable, as it certainly was the mot
costly weapon ever devised, Is already being
superseded by vessels ol the Captain type, as
designed by Captain Coles, and ably curried out
by Laird Brothers, with turrets (armed with
guns of gigantic power) that resist the heaviest
tiriDg, both on account of their extraordinary
thickness, and of the angular direction iu which
the shot is likely to strike. By an ingenious do
vice Captain Moncrieff lowers his gun upon its
rocking carriage after firing, and thereby does
away with embrasures (tho weak place in pro
tecting works), while at the same time he gains
the advantage of reloading his gun in compara
tive safety. It is presumed that in thus raising
formidable engines of offensive and defensive
warfare, tho civilized nations of the earth will
pause before putting them into earnest opera
tion, but if they should do so, it is consolatory
to think that they could not work them for long
without effecting the total exhaustion of their
treasuries, already drained to tlio utmost iu their
construction.
Kefuigeiiation. Although heat may be said
to be the moving principle " by which all things
in nature are accomplished, an excess of it
is not only hurtful to some of our processes, such
ns brswing, and destructive to our nutriments,
but to those living in hot climates, or sitting in
crowded rooms, an excess of temperature Is fullv
as great a source of discomfort as excessive col'd
can be. Why, then, may I ask, should we not
resort to refrigeration in summer as well as
to calorification lu w inter, if it can be shown
that the ouc can be done at nearly the same
cost as the other? So long as we rely for
refrigeration upou our ice cellars, or upon
importation of iec from distant parts, we
shall have to look upon refrigorallon as a costly
luxury only, but by the use of properly-constructed
machines it will be possible, 1 believe,
to produce refrigeration at an extremely
moderate expenditure of fuel and labor.
A machine has already bceu constructed
capable of producing 0 pounds of ice or
its equivalent for 1 pound of coal, where
as tho equivalent values of positive heat
developed in the combustion of 1 pound of coal,
nnd of negativo boat residing in 1 pound of lee,
is about us 1.000 to 170, or as 1 to TO. This result
already justifies the employment of refrigeratinT
machines upon a largo scale, but it is hard to
say what practical results may yet be reached
with nn improved machine on strictly dynamical
principles, because such a machine seems not
tied in its results to any definite limits, in
changing, for instance, a pound of water from
the liquid into the gaseous state, a jji veil num
ber of units of heat arc required, that may bo
produced by combustion of coal or by the ex
penditure of force, but lu changing the same
pound of water into ice, heat is not lost, but
gained in the operation, which heat must bo
traceable to another part of the machine, cither
ns sensible heat or asdevcloped force. It would
lead me too far to enter at present into particu
lars on this question, which is one not without
Interest for the physicist and the mechanical
tugiuccr.
Wauled t'onl Dust.
In Grent Britain the quantity of coal dust
remaining unemployed is calculated at
28,01)0,000 tons. Various methods have been
attempted to oon vert it into useful fuel by
compressing it into cukes, but tho operation
is not sufficiently remunerative. In Holginm
they follow another plan, which seems to an
swer better. They mix coul dust with eight ,
per cent, of tar, and then press it into cakes,
which are found to make excellent fuel for '
steam engines." j
Wave Ptnir.
An engineer of New York proposes to em
ploy the w aves of tho ocean as a motive power
for running mills, factories, eto. His plan is
to build on tho beach (at Long Jkaneh, Hock
away, or elsewhere) a dyke several hundrod
feet in length, against which the waves of old
ocean are privileged to break as wildly as they
will, but are not to be allowed to accede. In
the sea face of the drke are the openings of
conduits yliieh conduct the water to a reser- '
Tk VitliiJl tt djke, A CWif4 ftyia tlie rg, I
Rervoir reconducts the 'water, by a circuitous
route, to the ocean, to turn on its way the
wheels of ns many mills as can be built on the
canal banks. .
1'anlne ryrknloy.
A dog as Ruroly apprehends tho general
idea of a tree,a man,-a piece of meat, cold
and heat, light and darkness, pleasure and
pain, kindness, threatening, barking, run
ning, and so on through the whole range,
limited as compared with ours, of matter
within Lis ken, as if he hud a word for each.
He can as clonrly form the intention, "I mean
to steal that bone, if its owner turns his back
and gives me a fair chance," as if he had Raid
it to himself in good English. He can draw
a complex syllogism, when applying to exi
gencies tho results of pnst experience, and
can determine, "That smoking water must bo
hot, and I shnll take good enro not to put ray
foot in it;" that is to sny, "Water that smokes
is hot; hot water hurts; this walor is hot;
erro, it will hurt my foot." Phof. Whitney.
EDUOATIONAI.
"VOUNG MEN AND HOYS' KXCLTsT?'
I'lllFMicitl. nml ( Inmmnrcltil Inulilnln Kmu It'll
VKKNOiN (street
I'rvpnration lor
butinu.ii or col
li) S lin
T AMES PEAKCE, M. B., OKOANIST. ST.
i (No. mi srtUK'IC Street), can bo n-on
from HI ill III A. .M. nr.il from 7 till a P. M. Tonclio tlio lit
pirn, I itino, anil llnrmuDy. Ill i sluth Jin
THI L A I'F.LPl IT a" I)ENTA L C' LLK(i E, NO.
. 'H.iN",1' 'IK'N,'II Strocl.-Tho Ronoral intvoduo
torytp tlip llesulnr UomixMif Lorlnips will bo rlniivorpd
T.7ii ,i'"l.A,V'?J,AY..S0T,'"lI,"r ' ,y Pr elisor
I lIO.MAh 0. b'll'.LLWAGKN. Khelonti ccneriilly in.
"" ','?,;,, J- H. AlcyUXLLKN.
-' Ui;,ia.
piIE EDGE II ILL SCIIOOL,
Hnnlinrimd Put School for Boji,wllI begin Its unyf
abeiun id tho new Academy ftuildinc at l i""""
MKHUIIANTVILLK, NKW JERSEY
MONDAY, Boptombor 6, 13.
Tot circulars apply to Rev. T. V7. OATTKLIj,
.j28". Principal
ENGINES, MACHINERY, ETO.
PENN STEAM ENOIN'R nvn
-irT 'i!,0,, KR WOBKM.-NKAKIK I.KVY,
JOrrKAI'TII'!. Avr tiiihiiVtii.. V
tcnSTidrtftjr-KN(i 1 N K KRS. MA!IIIVIK-i-m iii'ii i i. i
ttiKrliM, ULAI.'KSMITIIN, and KOUNDKItS, bavins
tor many years been in oaccessful operation, and been ex
tliiaively eiiCTRcd in building and repairing Marine and
,S5?r '''l-'inuM, biKh and low pressure. Iron Hnilum, Water
l arikH, 1 ropollors, etc. etc., respectfully olior tlioir ser
vices to tbe Dubhc ns being fully prepared to contract for
engines of all sizos, Marine, Hiviir, and Stationary; having
sets of patterns of dillerent Bizes, aro prepared to execute
orders with quick despatch. Kvory description of pattern,
making made at the shortest notice High aud Low pres
sure r ino I ubular nnd (,'ylinder Boilers of tlio boat Penn
svlvniiia Charcoal Iron. Forcings nf all sizos nnd kinds.
Iron and lrans Castings of nil descriptions. Koll Turning
.Screw Cutting, und ull other work connected with tlin'
above business.
Drawings and specifications for all work donn at tho
establiKliniont free of charge, and work guaranteed
Tho subscribers have aroplo wharf dock .room for repairs
of boats, whero they can lie in perfect saioty, und are pro.
vidcd with shears, blocks, fulls, etc. etc., for raising luavv
or light weights. iiijr
JACOB C. NTTAFIR
JOHN P. I.F.VY,
BKACII und PAI.MKK Streets
31?
OOUTHWAP.K FOUNDRY, FIFTH AND
O WASlllXOTON Streets,
rnn.AnKi.pnTA.
MEKR1CK A SONS,
ENGINEERS AUD MACHINISTS,
manufacture High and Low Pressure Steam Engine
lor Land, River, and Murine Service.
Boilers, Gasometers, Tanks, Iron Boats, etc.
CastiiiKS of all hinds, either Iron or Brass.
Iron frame Roofs lor Uas Works, Workshops, and
linilroad Stations, etc.
Retorts and Gas Machinery of the latest and most
Improved constmctioH. a j
Every description of Plantation Machinery, also"?
Sugar, Saw, and Grist, Mills, Vacuum Pans, Oil
Steam Trains, Defecators, Filters, Pumping En.
glnes, etc.
Sole Agents for N. r.lllenx's Sugar Boiling Appa.
ratus, Neumyth's Patent Steam Hammer, and Aspin.
wall Woolsey'g Patent Centrifugal Sugax Brain
lng Machines. 4 30
QIRARD TUBE VORIIQ.
JOHN H. MURPHY & BKOS.
Manufacturera of Wrought Iron Pip, l-xr
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
WORKS,
' TWENTY-THIRD and FLLBKHT 8tret.
OFFICE, It
Wo. 4'J North FI KTI! Ntreat.
J'llE PRINCIPAL DEPOT
FOK THE SALE OP
REVENUE STAMPS
No. 304 C1IESNUT STREET.
CENTRAL OFFICE, No. 105 S. FIFTII STREET,
(Two doors below Chcsnut street)
ESTABLISHED 18C2.
The sale of Revenue Rtamns la utiii nm,iinn,i
the Old-Established Agencies.
The stock comnrises
..v..u.i.luuuuu J-H II11CM
by the Government, and having at all times a largo
supply, we are enabled to fill and forward (by Mail or
Express), all orders Immediately upon receipt, a
matter of great Importance.
I'lllted States Notes. Vatlnnnl TlnnV ICTnfoo iwr.
- ........ . .i 1, 1 1 ii j 1 a
on Philadelphia, und Pout Ollice Orders received in
payment.
Anv informal
' .....f, viiu iiui uiiuu!! Ul UIO
UmiiuikHioiier of Internnl fti-vonm. ,.i..,-r,,ii ...,
gratuitously furnished.
Revenue Stninns nrinteil nnrm rirnfo .i,..i.
Receipts, etc.
The following rates of rraiiniiiBi.in orc,n,.....i . .
Stumps und Stamped Paper:
On 2B mid upwards.
..2 percent.
..3
..4 "
100
Sou
Address ull orders, etc., to
STAMP AGENCY,
. No. Ml UlESNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
M B B R 1 C J & S 0N 8
SOTJTHWARK FOUNDRY,
No. 430 WASHINGTON AVENUE, rhlladelph.o,
WILLIAM WRIGHT'S FATENT VARIABLK
CUT-OFF STEAM ENGINE,
Regulated by the Governor.
MERRICK'S SAFETY HOISTING MACHINE,
Patented Juno, 1S6S.
DAVID JOY'S
FATENT VALVELESS STEAM HAMM ER
1). M. WESTON'S
PATENT SflU-CENTRINU, SKLF-BALANCINfl
C'XvMTRU'LtiAL BliGA K-DltAINlNG MAOlUNli
AND
RO EXTRACTOR,
For Cotton or Woollen Manufacturers. T 10 nrwf
QHI w,JU,IctJoln, R co,,"-" "wuoc
c
O It N EXCHANGE
HAM MAMUKAOTORY,
JOHN T. HAI1.KV,
N. K corner of M A RKKT and WATER Streeta.
Philadelphia. '
DEALFR IN HAtiH AND BAGGING
Ut every doHcrintion. fi
tin
in, Hour, Salt, huper Plioaphata of I.imo
Dust, Ktc. ' "
.arse and tiiiall OUNN V l(Ai:w nn.,.,i .. .
I
6
Also. WOOL BAOKB."""7 "U Ua-
OTTON SAIL DUCK AND CANVAH
V of all number, and brands. Tent, Awning, Trunk,
and Wagon-wver IJuck. Also, P.p., MauufJuror."
INSURANCE.
Ig29, CHAUTEK rKltriSTUAL.
Franllin Fire Insurance Company
OF PHILADELPHIA.
Office, N08. 435 and 437 CrJESNTJT St.
AssetsJan. I . '69, $2,677,37213
CAPITAL
ArcRUKI) SURPLUS...
PREMIUMS
UNSETTLED CLAIMS,"
1400.000-00
i,)8;i,rM-7o
1,193,843 Md
INCOME FOR 15.63,
12.
Lgssgs paid since 1629,over $5,500,000
Perpetnal and Temporary Policies on Mhorni Term
' "?,l.""!)'ny Blo,iM" Policies on Rents of.liuildiDL-i
ef allkind6,U-fcuudliout8.andMortKiik:e. 'uu,l0"1
JO",UUtl.
DIRECTORS.
Alfred O. linker,
i. ..., i .
Aiirea rttler,
Thomas Sparks,
William S. (irr.nt.
Thomas S. Klh
-n ut kui , , a III,
(corps W. Richards,
fcuau Lea.
(eorge X alei,
(UbUvnn 8. Hcnon.
V 'JA.K'':u'- President.
Til 1 ODOHiC M. HEU i:h, Aw.stant Secretary. 3 9
N 8 U It E
AT HOME,
IN TU
Penn fiutual Life insurance
COMPANY..
No. 921 CHE8NUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
ASSETS, J,00O,OOO.
C1IAKTEKED BY OLll OWN STATE.
MANAGED BY OIK OWN CITIZENS.
LOSSES rKO..I MX Y PAID.
OUC JES ISSUED ON VARIOUS PUINS.
Applications may bo mado at the Home Office, and
at tlio Agencies throughout tlie State. 2 180
JA.1IKS TKAQUAIK PRFSIDFNT
MAMl'EI. E. STOKES V10K PRI.SIDKNT
JOHN W. 1IOKNOK A. V. P. and AOTUARF
HOHATIO SSTEP1IENS.. ...... .riltOUKTARY
A S B if R Y
LII- E INSURANCE COM PAN V.
No. ;t'l BROADWAY, corner RE ADR Street. New York
CAM! CATITAL m
Kilij,WU deposited with the Slate of New Yorkascurii
for policy hohl.-rs. vamjr
LEMUKL U ANON, Presidont
GKORGK KI;LITT. Vice l'resideut mid Secretary.
Mil IKY Mi CLINTlMJK, Actuary.
A. K. M. PUR DY, M. D., Medical Kxuminor.
BEEHKJ EH UY l'KHMlSSItlN.
Thomas f. Tanker, i John M. Marin. J. IJ. Lilipincott.
Charles .Spencer, William Divine, .lames Loinr
John A. Wriaht, ,8. Morris Wain, 'jumes llunier
Arthur (. Coffin, 'John B. McCroiry. K ll ! WoJne
In the character of its Directors, economy of mnnncn
ment, rensoiiuhlenes of raten, PAK'I NKKSUIP f I f v
Ol. DECLARING DIVIDENDS, restHcthm in female
lives, and absolute non-iorteitare of all policies, and no
restriction of travel after tho Hist year, the ASKURy ,,re
sents a combination of ndvantiiKes offered by no other
company. Policies issued in every form, and a loan of one
third made when desned.
Special advantsKes offered to clergymen.
1 cr all further information adrtrei-s
JAMI S M. LONGACRE,
. Jlnniicer for Pennsylvania and Delaware
Office. No. JfJ WALNUT Street. I'liila.L-lr.u i
J" ORMAiJlOLLIf.SlXEAD. Special Aent i 14
S t R I CT L Y ft! UT U A L.
Provident Life and Trust Co.
OF PHILADELPHIA.
OFFICE, No. Ill S. FOl'KTiI STUEET.
Orpnnlzeil to promote LIFE INsl'HANCE ainocir
members of the Society of Friends.
Good risks of any class accepted.
Policies issued on approved plans, at the lowest
rates.
President. SAMUEL It. SHIPLEY,
Vice-President, WILLIAM ('. I.ONGSTHGTH,
Actuary, ROWLAND PARKY.
The advantages ottered by this Coiupauy are un
cxcelled. 27
rpHK ENTERPRISE INSURANCE COM? VVY
1 OF PHILADELPHIA.
Ollice S. W. Corner FOURTH and WALNUT Street
FIRE INSURANCE EXt LUsl VELY
PERPETUAL AND TERM POLICIES ISSUED
Caah Capital... . ... . ....... . . .. . . ... ... f JJii.OJOOO
Caoh Assets, July 1, HM!i.
rii:i,27 'it.
DIRECTORS.
F. Ttutchford Starr, J.LivinRton Erringer,
Nalliro Era.ier, James I,. CliiKliorn,
John M. At wood, William G. Itnulton,
lienjamin T. Tredick, Churlcs Wheeler,
Gourde H. Stuart, Thomas H. Montgomery,
John H. Rrown, James Aovtsi'n.'
This Company insures enly first class risks, taking no
specially hazardous ri-ks whatever, such at factories,
mills, etc.
F. RATCHFORD STARR. President.
THOMAS II. MONTGOMERY, Vice-President.
AT.r.XA KPF.H W. WlH lFir, Secretary. .ij
WENIX INSURANCE COMPANY OF
PHILADELPHIA.
INCORPORATED lnH CHARTER PERPETUAL.
No. 234 WALNUT Street, opposite the t xchane.
Tbis Company insures from loss or damage by
FIRE,
on liberal terms, on buildings, merchandise, furniture,
etc., for limited periods, and permanently on buildings by
deposit of premiums.
Tho Company has been in active ope tat ion for more than
SIXTY YEARS, during which all losses have been
nrnmnt.lv ndiustna and nnifl.
DIRECTORS.
John L. Hodge,
David Lewis,
Reujamin r'ttinp.
Thomas H. Powers,
A'. It. Mollonrv,
Edmund Castillon,
Samuel Wilcox,
Lewis C Norris.
Al. t.. Manony,
JohnT. Lewis,
William 8. Grant,
Robert W. Learning,
D. Clark Wharton,
Tjiwrenco Lewis. Jr..
tJOim If.
WUCHEREK, President.
Samuel Wilcox, Secretary.
4 2d
OFFICE OF THE INSURANCE COMPANY
OK NORTH AMERICA, No. 233 WALNUT Street,
Philadelphia.
Incorporated 1794. . Charter Perpetnal.
Capital, $600,0(X).
Assets ?2,30,000
MARINE, INLAND, AND FIRE INSURANCE.
OVER $i,000.000 LOSSES PAID SINCE ITS ORGAN
UJATION. riBECTOEf; .
Artbcr O. Coffin.
rranois f. utpa,
Edward H. Trittor,
Edward S. Clarke,
T. Charlton HuLry,
Alfred D. Jesaup,
John P. While,
Louis U. Madeira,
Charles W. Cuaniuan
Siunuel W. Jones,
John A. hrown,
('buries Taylor,
Ambrose White,
W illiam Welsh,
S. Morris Wain,
John Mason,
ueoritv nun iwiu,
ARTHUR O COFFIN, President '
CHARLES PLATT, V lee-Prusideut.
Mattbtab Marib, Secretary.
( Iiah. IX. KtKVtH, Asst. Secretary; 21
Jf AM IN 8 U It A NCE C O M P A Nr.
No. 809 CHESNUT Streot.
INCORPORATED 1HM. CHARTER PERPETUAL,
CAPITAL, $300,000.
FIRE INSURANCE EXCLUSIVELY.
Insures against Loss or Damage by Fire either by Per
petual or Tern) orary Policies.
DIKEt TORS :
Charles Richardson,
W illiam 11. P.hwn,
W illiam M. Sujiert,
Henry Lewis,
Nuthan llillt s.
John Kessler, Jr.,
F'dward li. Orne,
Charles Stokes,
John W. Everman,
Mordocai liuzh,.
Gtorge A. West,
CHARLES RICHARDSON. Presi,ln
WILLIAM II. RHAWN, Vice l'residont.
Withawh 1 Bi.ANcnArn, Secretary. 7
fyUE PENNSYLVANIA FIRE INSURANCE
JL COMPANY. V
Incorporated 125 Cliarter Perpetual.
No. B10 WALNUTStreet, opposite Indepondonoe Sonare.
This CompKiiy, fuvt nibly known to the community for
over forly years, emt mm to insure acainst loss or daiu.
ate by fire on Public fr Private Buildinirs, either peniX
uently or for a limited time. Also on Furniture, Stocks
of Goods, and Merchandise generally, on liberal terms.
Their Capital, together with a lare Surplus Fund, il
invei-tcd in the most direful munner, wbioh enables them
to oiler to tbe insured an undoubted security in ihe ease
Ul tUBO.
Daniel Smith. Jr..
John Deverenx,
Alexander Henson,
Isaac liazlehurst,
j uoiuas rimau,
lieury Lewis, ,
iboiuaa Uuuius
uamei riauooca, dr.
DANIEL SMITH, Jn., President
WM. O. CROWiai.. Secretary. 8 30y
JMl;EKIAIi i'lKE INSUKANCK CO.,
LONDON.
ESTAIIOSUEU JS03.
PUd-np Capital and Accumulated Funds,
$8,000,000 ITS GOLD.
PEEV0ST & H2BIIIN0, Agenti,
S 4t Ho. 107 a THIRD (Street, Philadelphia.
CDAJ8. K. rBSYQT, CMA, P, iUEWIQ,
LUMBER.
18G9
flPRUCK JOIST.
8PRUCK JOIST.
HKMUK'K.
HKMUKK.
1869 ,
18G9 SESgSSEg R5 1809
CiiOK'K PATTERN PLNri AUy
SPANISH ('EDA H, FOR rATTERa.
18G9
FLORIDA FLOORTNO.
' FLORIDA FL(M)RING.
CAROLINA FLOORING.
VIRGINIA FLOORING.
DELAWARR FLOORINO.
ASH FLOOR I N't 4.
WALNUT FLOORING.
FLORIDA STEP HOARDS.
JiAIL PLANK.
1 8(i(J w ) ?'Z V0AHm AND n.ANK.1 O
WALNUT PLAN It.
LSfil '""DEHTAKERS LUMRFR inr
Q)U UNDERTAKERS' T l x ,IA IfiiiO
RFIi ci'niii
WALNUT AND PINE.
"IftftQ ' SRARONF.D POPLAR
lOU J SKAbONKl) CIlEUlty.
18G9
WHITE OAK PLANK AND BOARDS.
1 H(tO - V.1.0" MAKERS
18G9
w v IMAK liO M 4 1. I.'lu
SPANISH CEDAR IWX HOARDS
l.SnO VA.I,OI',NA PCANTUNO.
XOVJ CAROLINA H. T. hlLI.S.
1869
w"Al HCANTLINU.
18G9
us
CVPKESS SHINGLES. 18G9
MAULi:, HKOTH KF '..
No. mm SOUTH Street
UNITED &TATES BUILDEIW MILL,
FIFXt'ENTII STREET, BELOW MARKET,
ESLER & BROTHER, Proprietor..
WOOD MOULDINGS,
BRACKETS, ETO.
BALUSTERS AND TURNING WORK.
AJLnigeU'iygjvniianrl. " 9 n 8m
T UMBER UNDER O O V e1T
H ALWAYS DRY.
Walnut, Whfto Pino, Yellow Pine, Spruce, Hem.
lock, Shingles, etc., always on hand at low rates.
WATSON & G1LLINGIIAM,
BLANK BOOKS.
BLANK BOWS, U
The Largest Stock and Greatest Variety
OP
FULL AUD nALF-BOUlfD
BLANK BOOKS,
MEMORANDUM, PASS,
COPT-BOOKS, KTC, ETC
To be found In tola city, la at the
OLD ESTABLISHED
Blank Cook Manufactory
OF
JAS. B. SMITH & CO.,
Ho. 27 South SEVENTH 8t.f
9 23 thstusm PHILADELPHIA.
OFFICE AND SALESROOM, FIRST FLOOR : WARE.
ROOMS, UP BTAIRS.
CARRIAGES.
QARBNER & FLEMING,
CAHIilAGE BUILDnilS,
Tio. 214 South FIFTH Streets
BELOW WALNUT.
A Large Assortment of New and Second-hand
CARRIAGES,
INCLTJDINO
Rocttaways, Phastons, Jenny Llnds, Bagglei
Depot Wagons, Etc. Etc, 3 83 tutbt
For Sale at Reduced Prices.
ROOFINQ. '
READY ROOFING.
This RooflDg is sdsptsd U all boildlngs. It can
applied to
STKEP OR FLAT ROOFS
at one-half the .ipense of tin. It is readily pat en
bhinKle Koois wii iout removing tbe shingles, thus avoid
tug the damaging of ceilings and farm lure while under
filing repairs. (No gravel used.)
KKBKRVa TOUR TIN KOOF8 WITH WELTOH1
H.LASTIO PAINT.
I am always prepared to Repair und Paint Roofs at short
notice. Also, PAlisT FOR SAI.tt b th. barrel or gallon,
the best and cheapest in the market.
W. A. VCKLTON,
U 175 No. 711 N. NINTH btreet, above Uoatea.
WO OWNERS, ARCHITECTIbUILDERS.
X AND ROOr KRS.-Roofs! Yes. yes. Every sire and
kind, old or new. At No. M8 N. THIRD Ktreet, the AM ft
RKjAN tONURKTK PAINT AND KM)e' COMPANY
are selling their oelebrsted paint for TIN ROOt 8, an4
tor preserving all wood and metals. Also, their solid coss?
plex roof covering, the bent ever offered to the public, with
brushes, onus, buckets, etc., ror the work. Acti vermin,
f ire, and Water-proof ; Light, Tight, Durable. Nocraok
iug, pealing, or shrinking. No puer, gravel, or heat. Good
for all climates. Directions sivon for work, or good work
men supplied. Care, promptness oertamtyl On. priest
Call! Kxsniine! Judge'.
Agents wanted for interior counties.
4 tf JObKPal LF.KD8, rrincipaL
L.OOKINQ CLASSES. ETO.
8 T A BLIBUK1) 17 9 6.
E
A. 8. ROBINSON,
FREKCH PLATE LOOK1NO-OLASJ EJ,
ENGRAVINGS,
BEAUTIFfL CHROMOfcs,
PAINTIUCS,
Manufacturer of all Units of
LOOKING-GLAPS,
PORTHAJT, AND PICTURE FRAMES,
NO. 910 CHESNUT ST1UJET,
8 1 Filth door aboye the Continental, Phll
WINDOW QL ASS.
"WINDOW GLASS,"
EVANS, SHARP & CO.,
NO. 613 MARKET STREET,
Are dally receiving shipments of Glasa from
.Works, where they are now making 10,000 feet
day.
They are also receiving ahlpmonta or
ntErrcn window oass.
Rough Plate and Ribbed Gliuis, Enamelled,
Stained, Engraved, and Ground Glass, which they
offer at (9 25 Sin
toviibA zuiLs