THE ALCHEMISTS.
The upright art of Alchymle HkcVn me welU"-
LVTIllTt.
trvm Iht CornhiU Maijazint.
TAUT I.
The ol1, lingering, half-alive vitality of
old anperstitions wan onriouHly instanced Home
eventy yearH ngo, when an advertisement ap
rred in the German JtcMun mngcr, pur
porting to le ismiod l.y the "Hermetic So
ciety " nd calling for communications from
the votaries of alchemy Rcattered among the
public. This was in 1 "!(!, the period when
the Directory governed in Franco, and Gone
rl Bonaparte was conquering North Italy; a
time when old beliefs on many important
subjects had recently mot with mifueiently
iromgh handling. t
Answers to the advertisement came in from
all quarters. Persons in every grade of pro
fessional and commercial life, tailors and
shoemakers, physicians, privy councillors,
schoolmasters, watchmakers, apothecaries,
organists, professed thouiRolves practical stu
dents of the occult science, and desirous of
further enlightenment in thoir as yet unsuc
cessful quest after the great elixir. The idea
that an influential "Hermetic Society" was in
existence, infused new hope into these iso
lated searchers, lint on how baseless a fabric
their hope was bnilt eventually appeared,
when the archives of the society were sub
mitted to inspection, and it was found to have
consisted of two members pnly, two West
phalian doctors of obscure fame. Ou the let
ters they had received in consequence of their
advertisement were found indorsed the words
"answered evasively."
Those facts are told us in a lecture recently
delivered at Lcipsic , by Professor Erdmann,
and published in the Uartmlauhe. From his
nUtements, and from other sources, wo pro
pose to put together a few notes relative to
the exploded science the eccentric torch
bearer to chemical discovery whoso annals
contribute such notable pages to the moral
romance of the Middle Ages.
YVe do not profess to give its history in
formal sequence. We do not discuss the tra
ditions of its origin among the sagos of Egypt,
nor ponder over the ambiguous inscription on
the Emorald Table of Hermes TriHtuegmtus
the "Apocalypse of Alchemy," as Dr.
.yjj-amann cans u. inai jsiosos was
giving proof of his skill as an "adept''
when he dissolved the golden calf and
xnade the rebellions Israelites imbibe it
in a liquid state, that the long-lived an
tediluvian patriarchs had in fact got hold
of the Elixir Vile, that Noah was commanded
to hang up the true and genuine philosopher's
stone in the Ark, to give light to all living
creatures therein, are opinions we will merely
glance at, as some of the most ambitious
among the many fictions by which alchemy
Bought to ennoble its pedigree, when, from
an obscure and ill-accredited pursuit, it hud
come to bo admitted into the front
ranks of notoriety, to be professed
by sages of eminence and patronized
by powerful monarchs. It was in the
thirteenth century that it stepped into this
Position, brought to it mainly through the
intercourse of the Arabs with Europe. The
heydey of its dignity may bo said to have con
tinued from the thirteenth to the sixteenth
century. After the ltevival of Learning it
declined in estimation; but it still maintained
. a very considerable sway over those portions
of society where mental activity had not been
impelled into the new channels. Of its preva
lence in Germany, especially during the seven
teenth century, Professor Erdmann relates
many curious instances. To these we shall
presently recur. The absolute death of
Alchemy, or the "Sparine Art," as it used
sometimes to be called, cannot be assigned to
an earlier date than the publication of Lavoi
sier's "Modern System of Chemistry," eighty
years ago. And here again, when wo speak
of its "absolute death," it must be observed
that, even in our own times, chemists
of first-rate rank have accorded a cer
tain degree of recognition to its fun
damental hypothosis. Sir Humphrey D.tvy
is not alone in avowing his opinion that the
transmutations of motals need not bo consi
dered an impossibility. Metals, it is argued,
are composite bodies, brought into their
actual condition by the hidden operations of
nature. Why may not man, who has wrested
so many secrets from her already, find out
this art of metal-making also, and by some
imitative process form similar combinations
tinder the same relative conditions? But to
what purpose? If the art resulted in a mo
nopoly by some dexterous patentee, gold
making would before long come to be made
penal; if every one might without hindrance
carry his own California in his own crucible,
gold would soon cease to be the standard of
value.
But 7i(t8 the transmutation ever been
effected? nere the testimony of enlightened
modern inquiry is emphatically No, in spite
of the half-afnrniations we meet with here
and there; as, for instance, in a "History of
Alchymy" alluded to by Professor Erdmann,
published as late as 1HI52, wherein the author
expresses his belief that at least five "Adepts"
or masters of the art of transmutation havo,
in the course of ages, made good their claims
to the title.
Before we proceed further, let us note
what were the definite objects which the al
chemists proposed to themselves in their re
searches, and which these adepts professed to
have accomplished. The doctrines on which
their science rested were three:
1. That gold could be produced from
metals which themselves contained no gold,
by the application to them of an artilicial
preparation. This preparation went by the
name of the Philosopher's Stone, the Great
Elixir, the Great Magisterium, and the lied
Tincture. It was applied to metals when
they had been fused into a liquid state, and
the act of application was called projection.
2. That silver could be similarly produced
out of metals containing no silver, by the ap-
, plication of another preparation called the
Stone of the Second Order, the Little Elixir,
the Little Magisterium, and the White Tinc
ture. This, naturally, was in much loss re
quest than the other, and is much less talked
about in the records of alchemy.
8. The same preparation which thus en
nobles metals and produces gold is, at the
eame time, when in a potable state, or even
in some forms as a solid, a medicine possess
ing marvellous qualities for preserving life
and renewing youthful vigor. How far the
philosopher's stone and the elixir of life were
considered identical is, however, left in some
doubt by the ambiguity of Spagirio writers.
By some the latter has been described as
Laving the properties of sea water; by
others as an invigorating paste; by others
as liquid gold; by others Itayiuoud Lulli,
. for instance as something very like
Lonest port and sherry. This elixir of life was
sought by the earlier alchemists much more
eagerly than was tha stone in its transmuting
properties, but it faded into discredit sooner;
the avarice of mankind proved stronger than
their love of existence; or, perhaps we should
pPJ, ke retJ (liproycx Death, wiw uiQXQ Con
THE DAILY EVENING TELEGllAPII FHILADELPIIIA, MONDAY,
vincing in his arguments than the obstinacy
of metallic ores. Gold might be "exhibited
by astute contrivances where honest moans
of fabricating it had failed; no deceit could
exhibit life In the individual whose hour
of fate had really come.
lo Lit upon the ncht composition of the
greater magisterium, whether as a medicine
or a transputer of metals, was, then, the pri
mary aim and end of alchemy throughout.
To decompose all metals into thoir primitive
constituents, so as to ascertain the. relative
value of each, and to learn how to recomliine
them in certain spocifio proportions, was a
necessary part of the process; and hence
resulted the mcMiiimblo servioo rendered by
alchemy to true science the establishment of
the principles of chemical analysis. As to the
nature and properties of the wonder-working
stone, nothing enn bo more vague, contra
dictory, and hyperbolical than the reports
of professed adepts on the subject.
Either they songlitiirfliHguiso their conscious
ignorance by allegorld language, or they
pretended to make a mystery of some simple
and inellicacious process; or thinking tney
really had, or were in the way of gaining the
secret, they tried to mystify those who might
perchance have followed up thoir indications
too cleverly. 1 ins allegorical jargon may do
instanced by a quotat ion from tho verses dedi
catory of George PJpley, canon of Bridling
ton, the English alchemist, addressed to King
Edward IV. Ho sums up his lore as follows:
"This natural process, hy help of craft then consum
mate, PiPSoivth the Elixir in Its unctuous humlilitle,
Then In balnro of Muni together let them circulate,
I.Ike new honey or oil" till they perfectly thleked lie:
1 lien will that medicine heal ail manner iullnnlty,
Anil turn all uietulH to Sonne and Mnoiie moat per
fectly; Then shall ye have both great Elixir and aunim po
tabilr, By the Rrace and will i. f God, to whom be laud eter
nally." Mark tho pious sentiment with which Ripley
concludes. It is a notable circumstance that
from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century
the pursuit of alchemy was closely connectod
with the religious sentiment, or, at all events,
professed such connection. Its prominent
advocates then, and, indeed, to a later date,
were wont to speak of themselves as devout
investigators of the truths of God discoverable
in the marvels of nature discoverable only
by the pure and patient. They claimed for
their pursuit the same religious dignity, which
Christians of tho "broad" school in modern
theology are bold to claim for scientific study,
on the ground that the God of Revolution is
also the God of Nat lire, and spcuks to man
by the one mode as well as by the other.
Their expressions are often noble and ele
vated. Hear Johannes Straugunere, in his
dying injunctions to his son, in 14:12: "Upon
the salvation of thy soul do not forget tlio
poor; and in any case look well to thyself,
that thou do not disclose the secrets of this
science to any covetous worldly man." In
Fnber's 'Tropugnncriilum Alchymiic," pub
lished in 104-1, we have the religious theory
of the science thus stated: "The
stone of the philosophers is, by all tho
authors who have I rented of it, esteemed to
be the greatest gift of God on earth.
As therefore it is so great and mighty a gift
of God, the most necessary thing in order
that man should attain to a knowledge of its
excellence and worth, is wisdom which is be
stowed by God on very few. And Michael
Sandivogius, a Polish adept early in tho
seventeenth centmy, reputed author of "A
New Light of Alchymie taken out of tho
Fountain of Nature and Manual Experience, "
as the English translation has it, writes thus:
"Thou, therefore, that desirost to attain to
this art, in the first place put thy wholo
trust in God thy Creator, and urgo Him
by thy prayers, and assuredly believe
that lie will not forsake thee; for if God
shall know that thy heart is sincere,
nnd thy whole trust is put in Him, He will,
by one means or anothor, show theo a way
oiul assist thee in it, that thou shult obtain
thy desire." Thorn is piety, too, in the reason
given by this same Sandivogius why tho
adepts, who have learnt how to circumvent
death, chone not to perpetuate thoir existouco
on earth: "Now 1 do not wonder," ho says,
when describing the glorious effects of tho
elixir, "as before I did, why philosophers,
when they have attained to this medicine,
have not cured to h.ivo their days prolonged,
because every philosopher hath tho life to
come so clearly bof-jre his eyes as thy face is
seen in a glass. Bon Johnson s impostor acted
the character well:
"11, honcRt wretch,
A not able supers! it mux pood soul,
Him worn his knees -i: and his slipper bald,
With prayer and iu-;tug lor It. Her lie
comes
Not a profane word r re htm 't Is poison !''
In tho early Middle Ages it is notorious
that not only many good and pious men, but
many of the highest intellects, pursued tho
delusive scionce, i:nd had the popular repute
of being "Spusji i.s sagos," or adepts in its
mysteries. Boger Bacon, Albertus Magnus,
St. Thomas Aqmmis, aro tho heroes of many
fantastic legends: and, indeed, for a long
period it was chief! y by clerics, aud by monk
ish clerics, that ii was cultivated. In tho
dreamy solitudes of tho cloister, where
man's restless imcgination so often revenged
itself for tho rtsttictions laid on active life,
many a tonsured inmate bent over crucihlo
and bellows, "nursing his eternal hope," aud
E raying devoutly for illumination from on
igh.
But enthusiast'! and imposture are ever
close at hand; and what is inoro strange, the
border land between them is perilously ill
defined. A liar li,:s been known to lie him
self into belief of bis own inventions; a fana
tic, in his overweening desire for the realisa
tion of his drenn.s, will wilfully forget that
evidence needs fm-t for its basis. Tho will
stories that spring up like a tanglo of weed
round the lama of every idchemi.td
philosopher of I ho Middle Ages leave
one in amaze both at tho credulity and t h i
untruthfulness of our far-off ancestors; n 1 1
yet might not a r! nco nearer homo su)li ;e to
humble those ho have lived in the days of
table-rappirg ami : piritualistio seances? Tim
biographies of tl.o earlier ulcheiuists hnvo
been largely recorded by the Frcuch writ ,:
Nando and Lent.l. t du Fresuoy. We v:!l
mention a few of ihem, but our chief busin-vn
is with later and less hackneyed instanc m.
Among the most famous were Artephius, of
the twelfth cent in y, who wrote a treatise mi
tho preservation it life, on tho credit of hi
own experience, being professedly, at the
time of writing, in the thousand-and-twenty-fifth
year of Iuh and who used quietly to
settle every disj uted question of aneie.it
history by the in f ra gable plea of person d
testimony. Am. Id de Villeneuve, in
the thirteenth n-ntury, commonly called
Villunovanus, win the reputed author of a
recipe for the prolongation of life some hun
dred years or so, by means of carefully pre-
Iiared plasters aud nostrums. Tietro d'Apone,
jis contemporary, worked unheard-of wonders
with his seven familiar spirits, and used to
conjure gold back into his Fortunatus' wallet
the moment ho had made a disbursement.
Greater than any of these was Raymond Lulli,
of Majorcp, ho "WllUUllVd lltfCtW," (Ul4
author of the philosophical An Ltdli, who
sot up a laboratory at Westminster and filled
tho coffers of one of our Edwards to tho
tune of six millions of rose nobles; though
indeed some rationalizing authorities ven
tured to sny it was by inducing the King to lay
a tax upon wool, and not by transmuting
metals, that he worked that miracle. Nicholas
Flamcl, a poor Parisian scribe, extracted tho
secret from a mysterious MS. after twenty
years of painful study. Were not tho four
teen hospitals, three chapels, and seven
churches that he built, restored, or endowed,
indisputable evidence of the validity of his
claims to the possession of tho gold-making
stone ? What if the incredulous, even in his
own time, whispered that he was a miser and
a usurer, that ho extorted his pelf from Span
ish Jews, and was a general money-lender to
the dissipated youth of Paris ? Avaunt, sujh
ignoble calumnies 1 i
If the hermetic science bore on the wholo
a "holy and harmless" charoeter among tho
inquiring intellects of the thirteenth century,
already, in the fourteenth, tho quest after the
secret of inexhaustible riches had induced a
spirit of rivalry and deception which caused
serious inconveniences to society. It is to be
remarked that tho early alchemists invariably
went by the name of "philosophers;" tho
term "gold-makers" was applied in later times
and in a derogatory sense. Many Popes and
other potentates sought to make the practice
of "multiplication," as it was sometimes
termed, penal. But in vain: "multipliers''
multiplied. Coins and medals were minted
from what at all events passed for fabricated
gold, to the great detriment of commercial
interests. Henry IV of England issued a
stringent prohibition of tho practice. The
God-fearing Henry VI eagerly encouraged
it, repealing his grandfather's statute, and
exhorting all classes of his subjects to search
for the secret in tho spirit of loyalty, for the
replenishment of his coffers; his characteris
tic piety coming out in tho special charge to
the clergy, as being undoubtedly possessed of
the powor of transmuting substances in one
way, and therefore more likely perhaps to
succeed in the other. Edward IV patronized
the art. So did poor Charle VI of France,
in his flighty, impulsive way. One of the
occupants of tho Holy See had the
credit of being an alchemist, Pope John
XXII, whose bulls issued against tho pretend
ers to the art were perhaps intended to warn
off rivals. The eighteen millions of treasure
which he was said to have left behind him
was the current argument adduced to prove
him an adept; the evidence of tho fact per
haps as little trustworthy as tho inference.
Weird fancies havo always found a conge
nial atmosphere within the breast of the Teu
ton; and it was most conspicuously by Ger
man emperors nnd princes that tho Sp.igiric
art so called in fact from a leutonie word,
juten, to search was cultivated or patron
ized. Duriu'' the fifteenth century it came
to be professed by a number of adventurers,
"wandering alchemists" as they were styled,
who strolled from court to court, sometimes
gaining great political influence over thoir
ixitroiiH, us, for instance. Hans von Dorn-
berg did over the Landgrave of Hesse
sometimes experiencing tho tragic fate
of those who sink from great men's favor by a
too daring swimming on bladders. Ihe first
personage of pro-eminent degree who kept a
regular court alchemist was Barbara, wife
of tho Emperor Sigismond. She had been
instructed, so the story goes, by a wandering
sspo how to make silver out of copper ami
arsenic, and to increase the substance of gold
by tho addition of copper and silver. This
metal, on which, at all events, imperial power
could pass tho Juit of currency, sho benevo
lently sold to the poor as genuine metal.
The Malgrave
wa.s so great a
of the crucible
"tho Alchemist,"
John of Brandoiibur'
proficient in the labors
that he was surnamod
and his residence at tho
riassenburg, near
Cuhnbach, was a head-
quarter of the profession. His fame, how
ever, was outdone in the following century
by that of the Emperor Rudolph II, whose
soubriquets were "the Prince of Alchemy
and "the German Hermes Trisniegistus."
Wis superstitious dreams, which cost the em
pire aear at a time wneu intellect and energy
were required to steer her through hor
troubles, cave an impetus to 'Void-cookery
throughout his dominions such as it never
received before or after. Adepts fought out
their envious rivalries at his court
His poet laureate sung of the alchemical
processes as of the conllict of allegorical
powers in an heroic strife. Here Dee uud
Kelly, tho English mountebank, dropped
down for a while on their erratic course,
Here Van Helmont was eagerly invited. Here
Sandivogius was treated sumptuously, and
honored with the title of Councillor of State,
Equally zealous with Rudolph, as a student
ot tne art anil patron of its professors,
was Augustus, Eloetor of Saxony, who had
a laboratory at Dresden, popidarly called
the Gold House; while his wife, tho
Ele'ctress Anna, practised at Annabnrg,
and his sou and successor, Christian, grew
up under their eyes a sharer in tho family
taste, it was tins Christian to whoso reijii
belongs the story of Setonius Scotus (Seaton
tno heotj, auui the "Cosmopolite, which
atlorus a striking illustration ot the preca
rious conditions of an alchemist's life and for
tunes in those days. Setonius professed to
have mastered the mystery of gold-makitu
and the proof he gave of his art, in the j re
sence ot tne Elector Christian, on one occa
sion, so greatly impressed that prince's mind;
that he caused the luckless adept to be forth
with curiied oil' and imprisoned in a h'xy)i
tower at Dresden, where no one else couid
get at him to learn his secret, and where a
fair field might be left for the Elector's
own efforts. He visited his prisoner him
self uinl tried persuasion. Setonius wn
dumb. Thou he employed torture. Tho poof
"Cosmopolite" was racked till within tm
ace of death. Still no confession; and as it
would not do to kill the goose with the gulden
eggs outright, Seaton was left to linger iuthe
tower, alternately soothed and tormented.
One ilny, by special favor, a Polish visitor
was allowed to have access to him. ThU va-
Michael Sandivogius, to whom more t)n:i
once we havo already made illusion; ho w.h
then a student only, not an adept, in alchemy;
ho listened eagerly to Seatou's promises of
golden reward should he help him to effect
his escape. A plan was laid, and successfully
executed; the fugitives reached Cracow, but
there the strength of Seaton, harassed by
long torture und privation, broke down. The
cathedral church of Cracow received his re
mains in li;i)4.
The experience of poor Alexander Seaton
was that of many others of his class. The
conduct of princes towards the alchemints
was, in fact, much like tho old fable of the
snn nnd wind. It was a question whether
fuir means or foul means, favors or tortures,
w ould be most likely to wring the secret out
of a man who boasted of carrying it in his
breast. More was demanded of the luckless
"multipliers" than they wore able to per
form. "Fill my coffer j," was the cry of
some needy duke or landgrave; ."give me
money to pay my troops, to feast my re
IftjJWlft" H'U TO it he p4 cot. le Jus
fancy launch forth into tho gorgeous visions
of Sir Epicure Mammon: '
"My meat shall all come tn Indian shells,
Pishes of spate set In fold, and studded
With emerslds. sapphires, hrcluthfl, ami rubles: ,
Holloa in tne gpirit or Hoi, unit nmsuivci pean, i
Aplelns' diet, '(fainst the epilepsy; i
And I will ent these broths with spnons of amber
Beaded with diamond and cartmiiolc''
The adventurer, if ho had any credit to
trade upon, might say, "Give me timo to ma
ture my experiments a little more, and ine
eecrot is won. He might thus linger on,
well tended and trusted for a while; or should
his credit fail, he might bo dismissed in dis
grace, to go to another petty court, and get
boarded and lodged for another term oi
promise and imposture. On thh other hand,
if desperately pressed, and confident in his
own ingenuity, he might proceed to experi
ment. Then, if he broke down, he might
perchance be hung as an impostor hung in
a tinsel-spangled garment, beneath a mocking
superscription, like that placed over an un
bnppy victim at Cuhnbach, who had boasted
of having acquired tho much-coveted sub-
diary art of fixing quicksilver:
"I deemed of fixing mercury I had acquired the
knack :
Hut thinnH have gone by contraries, and am fixed,
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QOMMON
COUNCIL
OF PHILADELPHIA
CI.SHK 8 tlKFICB, 1
Pnii.APRi.rniA. June '25. isoo. t
In accordance with a Resolution adopted by the
I'ommon iwincu oi tne uity or riiuaac nniii. od
Thursday, the twenty-fourth day of June, 1S6, the
annexed uui, enuueii
"An Ordinance to Authorize a Loan for the Pay
ment of Ground Rents and Mortguges," la hereby
puiHiwiicu lor puuiic mioiiuauon.
JOHN ECKSTEIN,
Clerk of Commou Council,
AN O R D I N A N C E
To Authorize a Loan for the ray men
Ground Rents and Mortgages.
Section 1. The Select und Common Councils of the
City of Philadelphia do ordain, That the Mayor of
i-niiuiicipmaue aim ne is nereny autiiurized to bor
row, at not less than par, ou tlie credit of tho cltv.
from time to time, seven hundred thousand dollars
for tho payment of ground rents and mortiracres hull
ugaliiHl tlio city, for which interest not to exceed the
rate of six per cent, per amiuiu shall bo paid, half
yeany, on me nrsi nays oi oanuary ana July, at the
olllce of tho City Treasurer. Tho nriticiDiU of said
loan Rhall be payable and paid at the expiration of
iniriy years irom uie uaie oi me same, and not be
fore, without the consent of the holders thereof: am
the certificates therefor, in the usual form of tho cer-
tiliratcs of city louo, shall be Issued in such amounts
as the lenders may require, but not for any fractional
part of one hundred dollars, or, if required, in
amounts or nve hundred or one thousand dollars
and it shall be expressed iu said certificates that the
loan therein mentioned aud Uie iuterest thereof are
payaoie iree rrom an taxes.
Section a. Whenever auy loan shall be made by
virtue thereof : there shall be. hv force of tills ordi
nance, annually appropriated out of the Income of
the corporate estutes, and from the sum raised by
taxation, a sum sunk-lent to pay the interest on said
certificates, and the further sum of three-tenths of
one per centum on the par value of such certificate
so Issued shall be appropriated quarterly out of said
Income and taxes to a Binking fuud, which fund
and its accumulations are hereby especially pledged
tor uie rcueiupuou anu payment or said certltl
cates.
REBOIXTlON TO PI'BLISn A t.oan nn.?
Resolved. That the Clerk of Common Council ha
authorized to publish iu two daily newspapers of
iiiis cny, uany ior iotir weeKS. tne ordinance nre
sented to the Common Council on Thursday, June
84, 1S09, entitled "An Ordinance to Authorize a Loan
lor the i'aynieut of Ground Reuts and Morturairus.
And the said Clerk, at the stated meetimr of Conn
ells after the expiration of four weeks from the
first day of said publication, shall present to
tills Council one of each of said newspapers for
every day In which tho same shall have been
made. t'MUt
PATENTS.
PATENT OFFICES,
N. V, Corner FOURTH and CDE8NUT,
(Entrance on FOURTH street).
r II AN CIS Z. rASTORXUS,
SOLICITOR OF PATENTS. 1
Ptonts procured for Inventions In the United
(Mates and Foreign Countries, and all buHliieag re
lating to the siinie promptly trau.ieted. Cull or send
for circulars on Patents. 1
Open till 9 o'clock every evening. 8 g smtli,
CTATE RIGHTS FOK BALK. STATE
O K iirli t of avaliiHhle Invention liiHt patented, and for
the SLICING, CUTTING, and CHIPPING of dried beef,
oaldiaee, eto., are hereby offered for sale. It la an article
ot great value to proprietors of hotels and restaurant,
ami it should be introduced into every family. HTA I'M
hlCIITK for sale. Model can be seen at 1 ItLEURAPU
OFMOK. COOPER POINT. N. J. ny m
OAR PENT ER8 AND BUILDERS.
R.:R- THOMAS & CO,
- - SKAJJtKS IN
Doers, Blinds, Sash, Shutters,'
WINDOW FRAMES, ETC.,
V. W. OORNKR OF
EIGHTEENTH and MARKET Streets
6 H0 8m PHILADELPHIA, j
QCORCC PLOWMAN
CAEPENTElt AND BUILDER, .
Kv, IH POCK Strc.t, PfcUadsW
JULY ' 12, ' 18G9.
INSiURANOE.
DELAWARE MUTUAL SAKK 1 1 .
HANf'K COMPANY. Incorporated bf the Lnii
Utore of Pennsylvania, 1K16.
Office, 8. K. corner of THIRO and WALNUT Street.
I nUAIH'IIMlin,
U1IIM' INKl;lAN(TS
On Veeeelf. Carro. and Krrlpht to nil purta of the world.
INLAND itf.sUKANCKS , ,
On (ooda by riTer, canal. Uke, and land carriage to all
pnrui oi ine union.
FIKK INSURANCES
On Merchandise generally ; on Stores, Dwellings, House.
ASftKTS OF THH COM TAUT,
November I, lNjS. .
United Bute l ive Per cent. Loan,
10-w ,
Untied States bix Tor Cent. Loan,
008,600 00
13),8fl0'00
UO.OOOtX)
ail,375t
ia,5'.H00
81,6001)0
90.2J000
91,000 (H)
l,25-00
31,000 000
6,U3t'23
120,000
1HS1
Cnin-it Statue Sn Per Cunt. Loan
' (for PaoiHo Rnilrnad)
State of Pennsylvania his Per Cent,
lioan
City of Philadelphia Si Per Cent.
I,ORn fxernit from tax)
BtaM of Kew Jersey 8i Per Cent.
l,oan
Penn. Kail. First Mortgagor!' Per
Cent. Monds - .
Penn. Rail. 8 ootid Mort. bix Pur
Cent, honds
Weetern Penn. Rail. Mortae Ri
1'erCent. bonds (Penn. Ruilroad
guarantee)
State of Tennessee Five Per Cent,
loan
IStalo of Tounesea Six Per Coot.
l,oan
Germantnwn fiaa Company, prin
cipal and Interent (runrsnteod by
City of Puiladulplna. U suaros
Sum k
Pennsylvania Haihwid Company, 1J0
silnren Ktork
80,000
aoo,(i
126,000
W,(00
90,000
at, (XX)
86,000
30,000
T.roo
U.ooo
lO.IXK)
6,000
9u,too
ai7,poo
11,330 (
3,600 00
16,(XW00
7 ,91)0.00
North PcrnKylvania Ruilroad Co., 1(W
shnres Stack ...
PhiKiilelphia and Southern Mail
Moamslnp Co., HO shines Stock. . ..
Loans on Hoard and Mortgune, first
Liens on City Properties
tl,lW,"o0 Par.
Market value, $l,l&),32o'25
UOSt, Jl.MM.HAH 20.
PealKstate wyKXWO
Hills receivable for innurance made 3ii,-lKj'M
Balances duo at agencies, premiums on murine
polirios, accrued interest, and other debts duo
the company 40,17H'H8
Stork and scrip of sundry corporations, $315a.
F.Minmte.l valui. 1.813 00
C'anh in hank Utl,!Fi"iS
Cash in drawer 413 65 llfi,.W3-73
$l,647,3o7S0
Thomas 0. Hand,
John C. Davis,
CiiiKeTond.
Kdmund A. Sondor,
Sninii'-l K. Ntokoa,
Henry Sloan,
William (J. Ludwig,
(ioorRe O. I.eiper,
Henry C. Dallult, Jr.,
John D. Taylor,
tleoruo W. liernadou,
William (1. Uoulton,
'Jacob Rieirel.
'Spencer Mcllvaine,
; I). T. Mown, Pitlahurg,
John H. Soinple, "
James V. Hand.
1 huophilus Paulding,
Joseph H. Seal,
Hujrh Craig,
John R. Penrose.
Jacob P. Jenoe,
James Traquair,
Fdward DnrlinKton,
11. Jones Hreoke,
James li. McFariand,
F.dward f.atourcade.
josnua r. r.yre,
A . n. nersrnr,
THOMAS (!. 11 AND. President.
,TOH I V. DAVIS, Vioe President.
HKNRY I.YI.RURN. Socreturv,
IIKNUY HAM,, Assistant Secretary. 10 6
1829.
C1IA11TEK PEUPETUAL.
Fraillia Fire Insurance Compj
OF PinTADEI,PilIA.
Office, Nos. 435 and 437 CHESNUT St.
Assets on Jan. 1, 1869,
OA PITA I. ,
ACCHUKD SURPLUS....
PKKMIUM8 ,
UNSKTTLFD CLAIMS, "
40Q,000'00
l,tis:j,.Vis-?
.t,li;,sii;j
INOOMK FOR ISUfJ,
Losses paiii since 1829,0Yer $5,500,000
Perpetual and Temporary Policies on Ijboral Terms.
The Company atao issues Policial on Keats of Building
of all kinds, O round Rente, and Mortgages,
DIRKOTOHB.
Alfred O. Baker,
bamuei itrani,,
Ueorire W. Kicharda,
Isaac Lea.
Thomas Spares.
William S. Grant,
Tboiuaa 8. Klli,
Ueorge Falee,
ALFRED it. KAKh'R. Pri,ir,
t.u w ,,.vr.!?.,(i,i TALK8, Vice-President.
JA8. W. MoALLISl Kit. Secretary.
1 11 F.ODOKK Al. KBJUKll, Assistant Secretary. 8 9
S B U R Y
LIFE INSURANOK COMPANY.
No. 2P1 BROADWAY, corner READK Street. Now York
OAKH CAPITAL .....HSl.Vl.iMO
$10,000 deposited with the State of New York as security
tor policy holders.
LEMUK.I. BANDS, President
CEORGK ELLIOTT. Vice-President and Secretary.
KMOllY MuCHNTOUK, Actuary.
A. E. M. PURDY, M. D., Medical Examinor.
BKFILHKNCUH HY PKHVIHHinM
j nomas t . I anker, , dniin M. Alans,
J. 11. Lippincott,
Jamas lonir,
.James Hunter.
Chsrles Spencer, William Divine,
Jolin A. Wrixht, 8. Morris Walu,
Arthur G. C'otlin. John li. MuCnmrv
In tlia nh.ninlM .l i t 1 1 1 ....... nn..nAU '
n. ii. vvorno.
i ....... v( . vi.vuiuid, Ul 1 1 1 I U fl 1(
mnt, reasonableness of rate, PARTNERSHIP PLAX
Ob DKCLAR1NU DIVIDKNDS, no restriction in foinalo
lives, and absolute non-forfeiture of all policies, and no
restriction of travel after the first year, the ASUURV pre
aenta a combination of advantages offered by no oilier
company. Policies issued in every form, and loan of
one-third made when desired,
hpeciul advantages offered to clergymen,
lor all f urUier information address
JAM KM M. LONCUORH,
Manager for Pennsylvania and Delaware.
Office, No. Una WALNUT Street, Philadelphia.
JrORMAN P. UOLLLN&llKAD, (SpeoiaJ A-ent. 4 lii
QT R ICT LY MUTUAL
Provident Life and Trust Co.
OF PHILADELPHIA.
OFFICE, No. Ill 8. FOURTH STREET.
Organized to promote LIFE INSURANCE among
members of the Society of Friends.
Good risks of any class accepted.
Policies issued on approved plana, at tne lowest
rates.
President, SAMUEL R. SHIPLEY,
Vice-President, WILLIAM C. LONQ8TKETH.
Actuary, ROWLAND PARKY.
The advantaged offered by this Company are un
excelled. 1 27
JNSUKE AT HOME,
IN TDK
Penn Mutual Life Insurance
COMPANY.
NO. 921 C1IESNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
ASSETS, $4,000,000.
CHARTERED BY OVH OWN STATE.
IrtANAtCliD BY OL'tt OWN CITIZENS.
LOSSES PUO.III'Tr.Y PAID.
POLICIES ISSUED ON VARIOUS PLANS.
Applications may be made at the Home Ofllcc, and
at the Agencies throughout the State. 2 is;
JAMES TltAOITAIIl PRK8IDKNT
IMAM I EI. E. STOKES VIOU-PRKiSIDKN T
JOHN W. 1IOUNOU A. V. P. and ACTUARY
HORATIO H. STEPHENS BKUKKTA BY
V k
rpilE ENTERPRISE INSURANCE COMPANY
A OP PHILADELPHIA. -v.v 4
Uflice a. w. r.orner Ol'KTH and WALNUT Strsnfa.
IIHK INJSUHANf'K KXILUSIVKLY Btreot
PFRPKTUAL AND TERM POLICIES las'UFn.
Cash Capital aVJiKi lanfil
Caah Aaaeta. Way. lbwi ERj HALF A MILLION
IWRKffl'tll'iS.
F. Katcnrora ntarr,
Nalbro fr'raaier,
Jokn &1. At wood,
Renjttniin T. Trttdiok,
Oeorite li. Ktnart,
.1 nil n 11. Itroan.
J. Livingston JTrrln oar
Jittnes L. (Jtairliorn.
William (1. Uoulton.
Oharlus Wheeler,
Thomas H. Montgomery,
James Aei-taen.
This Comuany insure! onlv
tl rut-class risks, taking no
pecially haiardou risks whatever, such aa factories.
nulls. iu.
K RATOHKORD HTARR, President.
THOMAS H. MONTGOMERY, Vice-President.
Alexanliku WWihtkb, Secretary. g dj
T3IHKNIX INSURANCE COMPANY OF
X PHILADELPHIA.
INCORPORATED 1 Ml 4 CHARTER PERPETUAL.
No. 8 WALNUT Street, opposite the Exchange
Tliia Company insures from loss or damage by
I? IKE.
on ' liberal terms, on buildinirs, merchandise, fnrnlture,
etc., far limited periods, and permanently on buildings by
deposit of premiums.
The Oonipany has been in active operation for more than
SIXTY YEARS, during wuiub. U loesoa have been
n.uiriflv 1 ilLi.f Aul And Ilfild.
: ijlitKomna
John L. Hodre,
David Lewta.
M. E. Mabouy,
John T. Lewie,
William H. (Jrant,
Robert Vt learning,
Ronjamin Etting,
Thomas II. Powers.
A. H. Mc Henry.
Kdmund GaatilluUi
Bamuel Wiloox.
V. i:iark'Wualon,
i. i.iara wiiariuu. nam
C,Uwi3o.IK R.WUt
ewis i. norris.
UCUKRKR, President,
scvuruuj.
f4
INSURANCE.
THE PENNSYLVANIA KIRK 1NHUKAN
UOIW r A ft i '
..Txnnunil.il 1H th ( IharteT Perpetual. .
No. R10 WALNUT Street .opposite Independent" "iff
This Company, favorably known to the oommnnltj
over forty years, continues toinioire saint ioag or dam
by Are en Public or Private Pnildtnjta, either nermann
or for a limited time. A Iso on 1' iirnit ure. Stock of Uc
and Merchandise generally, on liberal terma.
Their Capital, together with a lnrtro SurpltH Fund, V
oxted In the moot oamfnl manner, which enables tlio
oflT to the insured aa undoubted security in the ca
loss. I
DIRECTOR".
Daniel Smith, Jr., . I John Peverent, Ij
Alexander Henson, I Thomas Smith. j
imao Hnr.lehnrst, Henry lewis, V
Thomae Robins. . I . J. UiIlinghAin Fall, t
Daniel Hiddork, .jr. t
DANIEL SMITH, Ja., Preeidr
WM. O. CROWELL, Heoivtary.
OFFICE OF THE INSURANCE CO.YTPAJ
OE NORTH AMERICA, No. StiS WALNUT Sir.
Philadelphia.
Incorporated 1794. Charter PerpetnaL
Capital, (500,000.
AssetJi M.Vic
MAI1INE. INLAND, AND EIRE INSUKAOK.
OVER $UKW,U0 LOSSES PAID SINOK ITS OKCj
1.ATION. 4
DiiuerroM.
Arthur O. (Vffln,
Samuel W. Jones,
John A. Krnwa,
rranois rv Cope,
Edward II. Tm.t.
Edward K. l)lafks
T. Charlton Henry,
Alfred D. J.nmp.
John P. Wbite.
I tiarice 1 a lor,
hits
V .Ilium Witliih
8, Murri WhIh,
liouis O. "dtirn.
lonn ft! a won,
iavtraa I. II rCifWin
Charlue W. (mnhninn,
AH l'llUU O. COriTN, rr-,lrnt.'"
JHAKLI'd PLATT, Vme I'rwsi.icrf
Matthias M kvaii, Secreiaiy.
pirEiUAL. vnia insurXnck d
IX)NIM1N.
ESTABLISHED ISO.?. i
Paid-op Capital and Accumulated: Knnda,
?8,000,000 IIS" O O I
THEVOST & HERRING, Ag9nt;;
8 4 No. 10T 8. THIRD Street, Philadelphia
cnAM. M. rREYOST. CTTAS. P. HSRRtf
SHIPPINQ. 1
CHARLESTON. 8.
TUB SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST
FAST FllEIGIIT LIN
EVERY THURSDAY.
The Steamships PROM ETnKUS, Captnu Grar
r..u riiii.) vrimiiiu r'nytnir,
SMI L FORM A RKdLLAR WkEKLY LINK.
"' le BteHtiiHblp ElvOMKI'llEta will sull
Tl t HSDAY, July 8, at 4 P. M.
'i nouKh bills of lading given In connection wlti
f. M ts nnlnta In Lhu Himtli on u,. ,v... .
LiBiirnnce at loweHt rates. Rates of freight aa li
aa by any other route. For freight, apply to 1
K. A. wTuMft A CO.. t
Mtf DOCH STREET WHAIfff
ONLY DIRECT LINE Tfi PR iv:
Tj2rv?nOMPANV'8 MAIL K' li?AMHifr
L. . t AKW YORK AND UAVRK fiii uS, H
BKKHT. '
The splendid dow TiMiolai on thii favorite roiit-4) tof4
Cootmout will sail from Pier No. 6U North river, as i
lows: 1
PK.RKIRF Dnoheane Reterdav rl
LAt AYKTTK Rousseau . . . Hn" K 'm ,!t
KT. LAURF.NT lma.ie... .. SXnfaJ' MJ
VlIJ.lt DK PARIS Nnn.,.l iT?.?.r?'' .Mnr
' ....... cavui-uay. oua
, i w , . PRI01K OF PASSAGE
in (told (including wine),
, OR HAVRK.
First Cabin $140! Second Cabin.
(Inoludin railway tickets, furnished on board.)
. .,.-.'F unwuu uumn
1 neHe steamers do not carry steerage pasaecgera,"
....... .a . . .. u . .. ..u . . . 1 .1 ..1 UIUII9,
. . r , ; o r nM u in returning Irom thm tu
tinent of Kurope. by Uking the steamers of this line a
. ., '"' oy r.ngusn railways
crossing the channel, besides saving timo. troubhL
Mpenae. cfKOROK M ACKKNziK.Tgeut
, No. US BROADWAY, New YorM
1 27 No. S'Jfl OH Si Kui'f'J
. . w uvrtMta
-Tjsw PHILADELPHIA, RTCHMON
1 18HH1I t..ii ... .. . ... 1 1 1 - iTI
1.1 J
THROUU
BttefcIfc.n0n' ,TOm WHAJtir aboT. MAEKl
THROUGH RATKS to all point In North "and hJ
Oarotina,vi (Seaboard Air Line Railrrwd oonnotw
Portanioutb and to Lynchburg, vS&?$3ll
MrngTve trUhSSSKWmamm m9Axaia
No charge for oomimaaion, drayage, or any eipensa
bt eamships Insured at the lowest rate.
Freight received daily.
wwr - I , ,T . . ... .... . . ' "J a Al. I 11AKV K-
T. P.
CROWKLL A CO.. Agent at Norfolk. if it
LORILLARD'8 BTEAMSnf
R-St--a-.A fjEW YORK.
Balling Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays.
REDUCTION OP RATES.
Spring rates, commencing March 18.
ooijing lueauays, lnurauays, and Saturdays. O
ntid aftj-r inth nf Moroh rrJ.rU k .1.1.. V
7- , - "vikm, u, niia uiio w lii a
taken at 12 cents per 100 ponndg, 4 cent per foot. 4
1 ceBt per gallon, ship's option. Advance charirf
cashed at olllce on Pior. Freight received at a
n s -o. ,JonN F. OnL,
N. B. Extra rates on small packages Iron me
NEW EXPRESfiT LINE T?
Aleiandria, Georgetown, and Washington. 1
1 ' "."." ""voe aaa ueiaware CanaL wil
uUUUuu..uu. .v a .i.i..iiu i 1 rora me most direct route ft
Incbburg. Bristol. Knoiville. Nashville, Dai ton, and U,
Kteamere leave regularly every Saturday at noon from LB
BrKt wharf aliove Market street. ..
Freight received daily. j
HYDE TYLER.0' AeaK-;
KLUK1DUK i. CO., Agente at Alexandria a 1
gtr. FOR LIVERPOOL ANl
rISeiowi ' "'Hit 10 aau a. wi
ny 01 iioston, batorday. July 17, at 13 noon.
City of London, batuniay. duly 'J4,at 1 P. At. f
City of Baltimore, via Halifax, Tuesday. July 37, at 1 P M
And each sncceeding ISatnrday and alternate 'ruesda
from Pier 45, North h Ivor. '
RATKS OF PA8SAGK. I
BT THK MAIt, STEAM KB galLWU EVKUX ATTTBDAT. f
. ' f in Gold. Payable in Cnrrenoy.
J, . C A BIN $1'W BTF.KllAUit '.3
loIndon lo6 To Ixmdon
lo Paris. us To Paris. ft
PABSAGP BT THH TUUUAX BXKAMKK, VI4 HALIFAX. i
riHKTCAllIK. TIRnAlS. j
Payable in Oold. Payable in Currency. ?
Liverpool if St) ' Liverpool $f
llaiitux , ik), Halifax L
Kt. John's, N. F.. I St. John'a, N. K., )
by Branch Steamer f by Branch Steamer
1'ssheugers also forwarded to Havre, Hamburg, Bremen
etc., at reduced rates. f
'f'ickots can be bought here at moderate ratoe by pert oof
wishing to soud for tbeir friends.
For further fnforuiaUon appty at the Oorapany Offloeir
! or
r to O'lMJNNKLL k FAULK. Agent. i
it No. 411CIIICSNUT Street. PhbilelphU.
. fTT'jfc NOTICE. FOR NEW YORK, Vll
Lffc-tr DKLAWARK AND RARITAN oiltAL.
jtu-j-l KX PR KSS KTK A M BOAT OOMPANY
1U CHKAPKST and QU1CKKST water oommonlos
tion between Philadelphia and Now York. w"na,u0
Steamers leave daily from first wharf below Mark
street, Philadelphia, and foot of Wall street. New York.
liooda forwarded by all the lines running out oi Kaa
York, North, Kast, and West, free of oommiaaion.
Freight received s nd forwarded on aooomiuodatinc terms
WILLIAM P. CLYIk A 04Ag7ntT;
No. 13 S. DKLAWARK Avenne, PmUdelphla, I
saa a, ..J?MKti HAND. Agouti i
Ko- -lLf.Itret,JYork ?
NOTICE. FOR NEW YORK.
iTh-KPAVii V' u' ' . ' Z". 'VA i""r--lf.
.T.''x,'" ." !"- wiU be resumed oa and aft
the 8th of Alanib lor IreiKhu. which will be taken oi
aooommodatinc terms, apply to m
No. 134 South Wharves, tj
TVJOW IS THE TIME TO
CLEANSE
YOUlt HOUSE.
n i.-i iii.ii, i MIAN Sc CO.
WASHINO AND CI.F.ANHINO hlVVUKK I
Tia aHflinikllA S a.t.l T I A . ...
hold m. Atk lor it nd take no o(W.
A7 II Li k A' Af A aT u
US Am
?, u. nunniAn.non A.nnl
No. llfari mAKKKoliD Hoa4.
TR. KINKEL1N CAN BE CONSULTED OM
&sL difTI!5aVriiiS? ,p?ci1l' OttWe hoars. Sb