TIIE DAILY EV iNING TELEGRAPH PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, APRIL 1, 1869.
6
Br. WInslow on Cosmical Repulsion.
The London Saturday Review has the follow
ing notice of a woik reoentlv published in
London:
There are many sluns tcnlirif? to prove me
resent time to he In miioj reiect8 u critical
ene in the history of ptijMCal scienc?. More
especially Is this tho ci.e in the broadest anl
most exieaMve field to which the science or
physics seeks to extend tt poers-iti t ,
namely, ol the (wmicul lorce?, ltti their nil
male nature and law of deration. Hm-je me
publication ot the rrincipia Hie pro-treyi i or
cosmical science ha bc'ti one or unmixed tri
umph for the la of travi'ation, conceived as a
principle of attraction lull-rent o hU matter,
applicable to all bo He t.rreMrlil ",dc11'7'",ii
pervidinit all space, and capable or explain mg
he motions and periodic il . " ' iVour
cessive obsorva ioos brought to oji view In our
crowiuc knowledco of tlii univcre. Ot iue
Tears it c"Sot bo denied, a suspicion has toon
JaintraVrounTMb.it the monopoly so to pu.ik,
Kloicd f'7 this roairulucent and triumphant
hTPothe'ls Is liable to (.uoition.
Not that the slichtcot doubt exists, or need be
tartcc 'as retards the absolute truth or the
iiuivcr'iil applicability or the la of travittUoii.
Certain facia and pheuomcua, however, orreut
vhtsical importance, which had either escaped
the notice of iUmtnoiis nieu from iipe to iwo.or
have bet n only bmuKht to l;iit bv aids to ob
Bcrvaiiou not wiihiu their resell, have oiiemd
new and almost startling- fields ot speculation
nud discovery in relation to tula niomeu'.OJS
theme. Anomalies have not seldom been en
countered in the study of nature by the single
lietit of the e otablhhed hypothesis In the ao
plication of mathematics to physical lac .9 au1
observations, cases have been found to resist
every form ot analysis bn?e.1 upon the exclusive
truth of that assumption, or at best recourse has
been had to a treatment through the use of em
pincnl or exceptional formulie aside of the
original law. A query has thus been raisod in
the minus ot many astrouomers and physicists
whether some subtle principle antagonistic to
attraction does not also exist as an all pervading
element In nature, aud so opera'e as ia some
way to disturb the action of what hai generally
been considered by the scientific world a unique
force. , ,
It is the ami of Dr. WInslow a recent work on
"Force aud Nature" to establish the existence,
and to truce the fundamental lawsof a repulsive
force in nature complementary to the attractive
force inherent 1n matter. In foilowice, out this
thesis he has shown great subtluty and strength
of reafoniug, combined with much width of
observation and a marked power in generalizing
from facta. This is not the first time that his
views upon this important problem have been
submitted to the public. As enrly lis the year
1853, a treatise was printed by him on ' Kepul
sion as a Cosmic Force." lu justice to the
orieinality of his f peculations, Or. Winslow feels
called upon to explain tun tie was at that time
unacquainted with the "Tbeoru" of Boico
vich, in which that learned Jesuit presented,
in 1715, the hypothesis of repulsion, aud
attempted is mathematical development as
a middle rnuee of speula'iou between
the theories "ot Newton and Leibnitz.
Acule and even prophetic as were Boscovicli's
Idea0, they seem to have made uo impression
either upon his own or subsequent times; nor
have they proved to Dr. Win-low himself
suggestive either of lt.w or fast during his
onservatious and researches in the same tieli.
The general idea ot "molecular repulsion" was
indeed, as the au'hnr allocs, as old tbe
early Greek philosophy, and was shadowed out
In the poetical cosmology of Lucretius, though
at no time brought within the range of iuduclive
or experiments! rroof. A letter from Newton
to Boyle is adduced by the author to show that
the eoneeptiou of a force unlike and opposed
to gravitation had crossed the mind ot that
preat philosopher, although his views ia the
main were but conjectural, and were never
carried out with the eauie full and clear
development as his other leading hypotheses,
llooke was led, in 18G2, by hla observations
upon comets", to conceive a repeliant agency
proceeding from the sun, and urging
the tuils of those boJie3 in a direc
tion contrary to that which gravitat.on
would cause them to take. This acency he
supposed to be lieht, aud applied to it the name
'levitation." Conjecture?, more or leus vague,
had been hazirded by Kepler. Euler. and
others, that the lit; lit emitted by the sun niioht
be a repulsive force per se; by others, that the
Bun's electricity exercises a repulsive influence
upon distant bodies. The observations of
Bessel upon Hallcy's comet impre3-ed him with
the idea of eome element of power contrary to
gravity inherent in the sun, aud engendering iu
the resisting medium a condition opposed to
that of the couietury particles, to hich be gave
the name of polarity, considering it as sjme
thlng akin to magnetism. In 185S-00 this idea
Was revived and expanded by M. Faye, who
from his own observations, as well as thooa of
Mr. Bond and others, upon the comet of Donati
deduced the idea of a definitive repulsive in lu!
ence exerted by the tun upon comets in pene
ral, but net upon -the denser cosmic bodies,
'nee de la chaleur solaire, et exercee au loin
par la surface incaudeaceme du soleil." lie
dwells with interest upon the problem of
determining the ' quality ot ihose forces wQU'a
govern the heavenly bodies around
us." Dr. Winslow is particular in drawing
attention to the date of this dclaration of M.
Faje, with the view of establishing his own
claim to the priority of research and publica
tion. It was in March. 1853, he tells us, that his
first demonstrations of "repulsion as a plane
tary, solar, and universal force" were given to
the public. Whether this essay or treatise was
published In America or Kngland we are not
givtn to understand. Since that time his "un
dertaking has been furthered ami stimulated,
not only by the general drift of scientific thought
in relation to cosmical and molecular physics,
but in particular by etlorts like that or Profes
sor Baukiue in his '"Outlines of the Science of
Energetics." The writer has also to sneak of
direct encouragement aud assistance given to
Lis labors by Bar ju Llebtg. as well a by Fara
day, Irom whom a mott generous and encour
aging letter reached him in the year 1858.
Molecular repulsion has, as a fact in physics,
long been placed beyond dispute. The problem
now before n en oi seience-the problem which
Dr. WInslow considers himself to have solved in
the allirmative is the extension of this law
through all the acts and conditions of molecules
to their grandest combinations and phenomena.
It may one day be in the power of the calculus
to assign to this uuiversal law its definite and
progressive quantities and functions. It may,
on the other nand, be reserved for this discovery
to mitigate or clear up much of the reproach
that, in a certain sense, may be said to hang
over the department of analysis. There are cer
tain anomalies or dittieultlpa. such n itinvo ,n
the lunar theory in the problem ot the tides, and
in the secular variation of the earth's meau mo
tion, which are held, so to say, in suspense for
lack of the means of Integrating the equations
involved. What if it should turn out that the
real delect lay tn the assumption of au attractive
force as the sole cosmieal condition of the pro
blem Telescopic science, enlarging and defluinir
the apects and the range ot the stellar universe,
has added Us suggestive voice to the demand
for a wider conception ol cosmical farce. The
spiral form of many nebula' , noiably the great
nebuU In Orion, and anomalous forms like the
'dumb bell" in Vulpecula, seem at once to chal
lenge the exclusive dominion of a law which
would accoutt only lor curves of the seooud
order. We do not flni Dr. Winslow making as
much as we think bo might of these two
blanches of speculation. Jn Lis chaDter on the
Hature and Action of Force, he enters with full
ness and vigor ot reasoning upon the mechanical
and crvstallographlc actions resulting from the
primary forces In nature, and indicating in their
products tbe "dual elemeuts ot attraction
and reDDlsion" at work iu every action of those
forces upon aggregates or combiuatious of
atoms. Although not treated by physicists in
ceueral as an active agent in crystallization.
renulaion is. he rightly urges, without doubt
as Dresent and effective as attraction in arrang
ing molecules into geometrical forms, and ex
panding these forms into their grandest and
most perfect proportions. As attraction is
known as tbe force that moulds the- faces and
produces the shortest axes of crystals,
it follows that repulsion must be that
which shapes their salient diameters
and angles. Ia the evaporation of any
faille solution, tbe particles are te.-n
to repel and fly from each other like no
many Rnlmlouim or liiflnltrstmsl mane's,
while in another diieollon they attract and a--lacb
themselves to one anotoer, assuming
finally rcpniar and solid geometrical toram.
"While attraction appears to be the baMt of
solidity, repulsion appears to assume a higher
I unc ton, and to inspire In m.ter a spirit of
sclcclion, adjustment, srmtmement, order, and
beauty, and to be au ascending force from lueit
or neutral atoms, adding to thesolidirying I jrce
8 kind of Intelligent die like endowment."
The same basic torce may In like mauncr bedfl
teciert underpins the great geological principles
hich resulted in the lorniatlou of the earth's
crust. Witnout com Hitting hlmolt exclusively
toanytpectal earthquake theery, tho stuient
of nature cam.ot but recognize tho persistent
action of a repulsive force in the upheivals and
Ossures, toe undulatory movements aud shocks
hicii disturb even now the equilibrium ot the
earth's surface, no le-s than In the vas-, basil ic
and metamorphio deposits which denote a
highly crjstnlllz'na energy at work in tho ear
liest processes of soltdlflcation. The testimony
of earthquakes to the truth of the hypothesis of
terrestrial tenslcu and repulsion is brought to
gether with much diligence by the author, whoe
extensive travels in Central America nnd tho
islands of the l'acltic have giveu him tbe means
of personally tenting and measuring the magni
tude of thoBO tiemendous agencies. Ills rea
soning, which is in part ba-ed upon, and iu
general compatible with, the careiul observa
tions and cautious views of Perrey and Alallett,
goes to establish the existence ot a powerful re
pulsive principle at work, radiating from the
centre of the globe. From the immense stores
ot facts collected by these aud other investi
gators, he thinks he can see his way to connect
ing lhis movement of the fluid mass confined
within ihe solid criist of the globe with the
varying attraction of tbe sun's muss at different
portions of our planet's elliptical orbit. Tbe
general intensity of tbe seismic or plutonic force
should be, according to this theory, inversely
proiior'.ional to the length of the earth's radius
vector.
The tables he has put toge'.her do much to
substantiate tins view, so far as the numbers of
recorded earthquakes with their corresponding
dates are concerned. "For the six months
during which the earth is most remote from the
sun, there stand 6175 against CG97 during the
six months ol nearest proximity of these two
bodies, thus presenting a difference t of 1522
iu favor of tbe peribclic arc." If we proceed to
estimate, however, .these phenomena in the
ratio ot their intensity, rather than of their fre
quency, the results seems to us, at tirst sight at
least, tar lees decisive, even if any law can be
deduced from them nt all. Picking out lrom
the long list of earthquakes those which seem
to have been the most violent or extenstve, we
find them occurring without much difference at
all periods ot the year alike. Of the two great
catastrophes at Lisbon, thit of 1531 took place
on the 2tth of February, that of 1755 on tho 1st
of November. That of Lima, in 1746, was on
October 28. That by which the coast of Chill
was permanently raided was on November 19,
1822; while one of the most violent on record in
this country by which, says Hoveden, Lincoln
Cathedral Was rent, a summa deorsum look
place April 15, 1185. That whereby parts of St.
Paul's and of the Temj le churches were thrown
dowu was on the 6th of the same month, 1580.
The late terrible shocks in South America oc
curred in the middle cf August the extraordi
nary eruption of lava iu Hawaii during April of
last sear. The wonderful outbreak of Vesuvius
described so graphically by Sir W. Hamilton
extended with little intermission from Novem
ber, 1765, to near the end of October, 1766. The
greatest of anomalies is that lately recorded
by Professor Phillips that periodically
.Etna is most active during six months ending
wilh July, Vesuvius during the six months
beginning with that month. Dr. Winslow
allows little or no force to the tidal influence of
the moon upou the molten sea within our earth;
else we might refer him to the most recent
observations of Professor Palmteri, showing
that tie eruptive force in the case of Vesuvius is
scntibly strengthened at the syzyglcs and
weakened at the quadratures of the moon. It
is so far in favor ot bis hypothesis that none of
tbe fiercest shocks can be pointed out at exact
proximity to the June solstice.
The phenomena of cornels have been studied
bv the writer with an amount of pains and an
acuteness ot reasoning to which we regret that
we CHimot do justice. On the nature and causes
of waterspouts he dilates, it teems to us, with
more originality than conclusiveness. Instead
of eeelng in this phenomenon the simple force
of atmospheric pressure, he believes it to depend
upon a "positive radiation of the repulsive
force as a definite cosmic piiuclple, which acts
upon the body of the waters to rarify, in like
manner (although in an opposite sense) a
attraction acts to condense them." From
what fource this radial impulse is im
parted to the ocean, its surface being
in tho most signal instances calm at
the time, and how it is combined with the rotary
actioo of the descending currents of air, he tor
bears to speculate, through he might trace here
an analogy with the well-known syncronism of
atmospheric and magnetic storms with disturb
ances of the earth's strata. lie has done, how
ever, good service to science by exposing the
hoilownessot referring these and similar sys
tems in the working of uature to the mere
hypothetical notion of "reaction":
To call these and similar phenomena simple
"reaction" explains nothing; for reaction, as a
word, means nothing unions it represents an
iaeu of direct and poaitlve physical loroe. If it
mean anything, then, it expresses a foroe
opposite in action to that which drew
tbe particles towards tbe centre and
lncreantd the density of tne comet's mass as it
approached tbe sun. If it be a force a positive
principle exerting action opposite to attrac
tion it is the equivalent of molecular repul
sion, admitted by every writer on molecular
physics, and which has already been denaon
ulratedto be nusceplible in our own planet of
swelling into lnuenniie volumes, or producing
general radial phenomena, and of becoming au
absolu'e planetary force, ihe properties of
which are everywhere similar, and always ex
pressed In functions of a cognate and volumi
nously repulsive character. And it may well
be concluded from all which precedes, that tho
final principle of nature which, tnrouahoul our
globe, expands matter, creates the waterspout,
guides the currents of vital force aud mole
cules In tbe palm-tree and pine, lifte plutonio
fires thousands of feet blah, shakes alike
centre aud circumference, 'causes lUrae to
ascend perpendicularly from every radius of
tbe sphere, is no other than a positive living
force of repulsion a priuolple of energy the
opposite of attraction; aud that it not only per
forms tbe same Junction In every planet and
comet, but also Is tbe identical principle which,
in every star and cou trolling central body of tt
system, determines and guides all radial phe
nomena In their outward courses, and in our
own system, proceeding from the sun, projects
the comet's tall in all its radial aspects In the
same manner as repulsion, ever insensibly
radiating from the earth's centre, project tbe
ascendliiK atoms or luuiluous currents from a
burning taper. It is one and the same priuolple,
as universal In its reach as gravitation, and
ever antaaonlHtlo to it, whether In a molecule
or a wot Id. It Is the occult principle of energy,
tbe final element of antithetic power, per i in
polarity, as will be more clearly seen Hereafter.
i'r. Winslow's volume is more conspicuous for
bold and comprehensive generalizations than
for the minute discussion of facts, its ten
dency throughout is to take for granted, or to
lay down as a nolid basis lor speculation, what
may often be cnnctrtpnui m.ii., r i,t,ia
- - - nil.,,' . v. UU II
doubt, if not oppoted to the received current of
BUicuuuc opinion. Thus the fundamental dogma
on which he proceeds to build his entire struc-
tare of proof is tbat pace is absulute vacuum.
. elhtr, ciUipr pondirsble or imponderable,
exists there. ' The bvnothnsiH r,r a .hi
medium, either as eneeuderlug or transmitting
llpbt, ot retarding the motion of bodies iu snae
will oueday be classed, ho think4 certain will!
puioeiston, vit rtrntB, and similar baseleis
fi 12 Qi tiits of the fcbooK L'jiht, In bis stfw
is "only a compound lesuliant of molecular
attraction and molecular repulsion "
When to this highly sounding but vague
detiniMcn be adds tbe still more obscure theau
tbat "light is generated by an equatorial pro
duct or 1 unction of thermic aud other moleoulo
cbemlca) vibrations, la the same maDner as
mRenetiem is an equalonal pioduct or function
of electricity, and vine versa," we feel compelled
to postpone our acquiescence till the author has
done more to clear up and substantiate his
meaning. Again, he depends upon the assumed
fact lliRt "ao physicist will Admit tbat a single
molecale has ever dropped out of the al.ibe r r
been annihilated." Now, in oar present Imper
fect knowledge, to say the lea-t. ol the ultimtt
nature of molecules, aud of the possible state of
tennlty in which the constituents ot mutter mav
exist in the volatile or gaseous form, U it
within the scope of sc:ence to
lsy down tint none of the mineral
or other exhalations given off by tbe
earth nnder the radiant heat of the sun or the
action ot volcanic Urea, may be so far rail Uei
from our surface into tbe upper stra'aoi the air
a to be absorbed Into the absolute cold of
space, a consequent loss of molecular balk belni
entailed upon our globe T But for some such
compensatory Ion, indeed, tho increase of ttn
earth's bulk known to result lrom the constant
accretton of meteorites would lead by rapid and
calculable s'ep to disastrous consequences A
French tavant has worked out In figures' the
number of years that our planet wouli take, on
the baMs or this handicapping by so many kilo
grammes of metal annually, ere its race was
arrested in the vortex of the sun. We are elad
to find tho writer tn entire accoid with our
selves as regards, one phase of the molacular or
atomic theory, the assumed sliapet of atoms
or molecules. "Whether molecules possess
hooks, or are cubes, spheres, elliosolds.
or of various other, shapes whereby
to be dovetailed or packed touether, or whether
they are surrounded with one or several atmos
pheres ef ether or electric fluid, or any other
unknown or fanciful conditiou wherewith to
fill np tho spaces betwceo their irregular
attachments and peripheries," these seem to
him Ecientiflc conceits which have had or will
have their little hour. They may serve as
rhetorical flights to dazzle a half instructed
audience, or couvenieut aids to grasp what
might be otherwise shapeless and intangible
truths. But they have noplace in the severe
and sober nomenclature of philosophy. Allow
ing for a certain diffuseness and protlxtiy
of stvie, besides that undercurrent of dog
matism and premature speculation wo have
already spoken of, Dr. Winslow's treatise is one
which deserves thoughtful and conscientious
study. De has the merit of breaking ground, in
a tentative and suggestive sense, upon problems
of the highest moment, which it may be re
, served for some Newton of a future day to re
dnce to mathematical fixity and measure.
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No. 251 South TI11IID Street,
BETWEEN WALNUT AND BPKOOa,
PHILADELPHIA.
COUNTRY WORK PROMPTLY ATTENDED
TO. , 8 18
OOK I LOOK ! I LOOK ! I !- WALL PAPERS
and Linen Window Bbadus raurjnruo
tured, tbe ebeapestln tbeclty, at JOHNSTON'S
Depot, No. ltiaa BPKINU GARDEN Street,
below Eleventh. Branch, No. 07 Jf'EDKKAL
btreet, Camden, New Jersey. aifcj
A HANDSOME ASSORTMENT OF WALL
J. Papers and Window Shades, a. F. BAL
DERS'lON & SON, No. Oii SPRIN(3 UAKDKN
Street. a W m
QBORGE PLOWMAN.
CAEFKNTEB AND JBUILDEH,
Hp. 134 DOCK Street, PHILADELPHIA.
ALEXANDER O. CATTELL 4 CO
ruovvvn commibmon merchants.
NO. BO.HXH WHAJtVtt
AMD
HO, VOBTH WATFB BTBJEXT.
PHI LA n it f , v h r a , tkmu' H
tvntwn mcactjsa. isums Rata
INSURANCE.
EvELAWARE MUTUAL BAFETY IN8UR
I ANCE COMPANY. iDoorporated by tne
glslatore of Pennsylvania, 115.
Offloe B. E. corner of THIRD and WALNUT
BtreetM, Philadelphia.
MARIN IK8URAN0KS
On Vessels, Cargo, and Freight to allparU of
the world.
IllIiAHD INBTJRANCTBS
On goods by river, oanak lake and land oarrlaga
in all nnrta of th Ilnlnn. -
riKB INMrjRAHCRS
On Merchandise generally; on stores, Dwellings,
House., eta
AB8KTS 0 THB OOSTPAWT,
November l.lHtts.
300,000 United Slates Five Per
teat. Loan, 10-40x
120,000 United States Six Per
Cent, Loan, 1H81.....
60,000 United Stales Six Per
Cent. Loan (ror Paclflo R).
300,000 Stale of Pennsylvania Six
Per Cent. Loan
135,000 City of Phlla. Six Percent.
Loan (exempt from tax).
60,00 State of New Jersey Six
Per Cent. Loan........
30,000 Penn. Rail. First Mortgage
Six Per Cent. Honds M
86,000 Penn. R. Second Mortgage
HUx Per Cent, Bonds
35,000 Western Penu. R. MorU
Six Per Cent Bonds, (P.
R. R. guarantee) ,
80,000 State of Tennessee Five Per
Cent. Loan
7,000 Stale of Tennessee Six Per
Cent. Loan
15,000 Gertnantowu Uaa Co., prin
cipal and Interest guaran
teed by City of Philad'a,
SOU shares Stock
10,000 Penn'a Railroad Company.
200 shares Stack
5,000 North Penn'a Railroad Co.,
100 shares Stock
80,000 Phlla. and Southern Mall
Steam. Co.. 80share8 Stock
w.BOO Loans on Bond and Mort
gage, first liens on City
Properties
8208,500,00
136,800 -00
50,000-00
211,875 08
123,504 00
61,50000
30,200 00
84,00001'
30,625-00
21,000 00
6,03125
15,00000
11,300 00
8,600-00
15,000 00
307,900-00
81,109.000 Par.
Market valae, 11,130.325-25
uohl. .i.im.s HtH-zo.
Real Estate M
Bills receivable for Insurance made
Balances dne at agencies, premiums
on marine policies, accrued inter
eat, and other debta due the com
pany. ........... ........
Stock and scrip of sundry corpora
tions, 831M). Estimated value
Cash in toank.....M.............8116 150 08
Cash In drawer 413-65
88.000 00
822,480 Di
40,178-88
1,813:00
116,56378
11,647,367-80
DIKECK3.
Thomas C. Hand.
Edmund A. Bonder.
Samuel IC Stokes.
Henry Sloan,
William O. Ludwla.
Ueorge G. Lelper,
Henry O. Dallett, Jr..
John D. Taylor,
Ueorge W. Bernadon.
William G. BonltonT
Jaoob RieKel.
Spencer Moilvalne,
O. T. Morgan, Pltlaburg
John B. Beniple, "
James C. Hand,
Theophllus Paulding,
Joseph H. Seal,
Hugh Craig,
John R. Penrose,
Jacob P. Jones,
James Traqualr,
Edward Darlington,
H. Jones Brooke,
James B. McFarland,
Edward Lafoareade,
Joanna p. Eyre,
n.. b, nerger, "
xt
'HOMABO
nAW u, v resident.
JOHN C. DA VIi5. Vlca-PresldenL
HENRY LYLBURN, Secretary.
HENRY BALL. Assistant Seoretary. 10 6
OFFICE OF THE INSURANCE COMPANY
KJ OFNORTHAMJRIOA,No.232WALNUT
Dacor porated 17 4. Charter Perpetual.
Assets 92,330,000
MARINE, IN LAN D, AND FIRE INS J R AW CE.
OYER. 20,000,000 LOSSES PAID SINCE
IIS ORGANIZATION.
DIRECTORS.
Arthur G. Cpffln, George L. Harrison,
Samnel W. Jones,
John A. Brown,
Charlea Taylor,
Ambrose White,
Richard D. Wood,
William Welsh,
S. Morris Wain,
Francis R. cone.
Edward H. Trotter.
X. Charlton Henry.
Alfred D. Jess up.
John P. White,
Louis O. Madeira,
JOJUl Jiason
u w. coffin. President.
CHARLES PLATT, Vloe President.
MATTHIAS Makis, Secretary, 21
1KB INSURANCE EXCLUSIVELY THB
JlJSiaYi.VAlSlA Flitif JNOUKAJNOH; UUM
i-ANV-Inoorpora4 I8a-Chaner Periiual-JSo
HO W AI.BI UT blreet, opposite Inuepeadeace Haaar.
This (jompaay, favurably known to th. oommuuli
tor over loriy yuan, ooutluae. to lunure against lou
oi dmue by tire on Public or Private ituliaion
oltber permauenllyor for a limited time. Also oii
tfaiDHare. Blocks of Ooods, and Merohandlu aen
rally, on liberal terms, .
Thubr Capital, together wilh a large Burplas 7nnT
Is investea In ihe moat careiul manner, which enable,
tuem to offer to Ihe insorea an nndoahted seoariiy i
Utecaseoflo KRJt0l0Bf ....
Daniel Smith, Jr., i John Deverenx;
Alexander Beasoa, Thomas bmlth,
Iuaao jttaBlehurst, Henry Awla,
Jhomas wnWHJdiWtaelB
DANIKL bUXTuI JK.JIsaldenl.
WM. 0. CROW Kid Becreury. W
gTRlOTLY MUTUAL.
PROVIDENT LIFfAMD TRUST CO,
or fHii.Anrci.ygiA.
OFFICE. SO. Ill H. rotltm STKEEI.
UrgMiiUed to proiuute AdJf Jt MoutkjkJjHJM atonal
members ot the
BOOIJBTY 0 FBIKND8,
i-ohoies Iwaett ayoa approvea pxaas, at the lows
President.
BAMTJKi. H. OHIFLKT,
Yloe-Presldent, WiUUU O. LOMUaTKBTB.
Actuary, hUWLA-NO PAJtKT.
The adyantaces oflared by this Company ar.
SXOeUed, U7
-pBCEKlX 1NSUKANCE COMPANY o
X. 1-H1UADELPH1A.
DSfOOKi-UliATitD 10 OHARTKK PKKPJCTDAl.
Ho. u WaJUAHTUireet, opposite the AUcuanca.
This Company lusures ironi iob 0( damage by
. ifXcta,
on UbeAtl terms, on building, merchandise, fnrnltnre
etc., lor limited period., aud permanently on build
lag, by deposit ol prvmlnm t.
The Ccmiiany hM been la aotiveoperatlon for mor
than blXTY YKA.W3, during whion ail loMes have
ueen prompuy uj ua TV"
John L. Hodge,
bavid Lewis,
lieojamin Jetting.
Thomas H. rowers,
A.B. McHeary, .'
JLdmaud (Jaallllon.
M. jh. Aianouy,
JohD T. liewis,
Wllll.m B. Or.nt,
Boberl W. Learning,
XJ. ul.rK TV BUlUUi
Hamuel Wlicoz,
Mtwreace Miwi.j r., i mwh v. orris.
juua xt. w uuujuuut, fresiaeai.
Bahuil Wilcox, Becretary,
THB EHTEBPR1SE INSURANCE CO. OP
PUlLADILLFUlA.
OiHce Bcnthwest Cor. i'OUKTH and WALNUT Bta.
Viam .lJSBUHAlSUlfi aXCLUSIVKLY.
PERfK'l UA1, AND TKKM PULIUliUs IHHOEIT
Vtuih Capital .........42.jO.UjO-i
Caeh Asitel. January 1, ltt9 n ... 47,2S8'4
F. Batch ford BUrr,
J. tilvmgaton Brrlnger.
Jame. L. Ulaghorn,
John M. Atwoed.
BenJ, T. Trtdlck,
tieorse H. Btuart,
lib ar lea Wbeeler,
Tho. Jf. Montgomery,
jonn it. biowi.
Thl. Com D.n V InSnreS Oulv flraUliui rl.U. tmkln.
d xa. aertNen.
bo peel ally hazardous rlts; whatever, suoh as Moto
rics, pjiH".
F. it ATOHFORD BTA Rli president.
THOB. H. MONlXiOMJttty, Vice-President.'
A LEI. W. WieTaa. Becretary. as
IMPERIAL FIRE INSURANCE CO.
LONDON.
ESTABLISHED 180S.
Fald np Capital and' Accumulated Funds,
$6,000,000 IN GOLD.
I PUEVONT HERRING, Aft-enta,
I No, 107 Booth THUtD BtreeWPhUada.
CHAB. M. PBXVOBT. CHAa. P. HXRHDyQ
WOODLANDS CEMETERY COMPANY.
Tbe following Mauager aud OUiuer. have been
elected tor th; year to-
Wm. H. Moor
,Z,VZ I Wm. W. Kasn.
Baninel B. Aloon,
Gillie. Pallet!,
F.rdlnana J. Lraer,
Ueorge I Buaby,
.w"J!"-.n.'lfMEI'UB.TOrNgE!fI),
B A. KDlink
Tnuiui li.ve pwai a resolution requiring
both Lot iolder. and Vulior. to preent tlokeU at tne
KtlS lor adruUMlon lo tb. Oemelary. Tickei.
uarTaad a th. Oinoeof th. Company. Ko. .SI I
bUMt, or a any w ae jaauaaaia,
INSURANCE.
1829CHARTER PERPETUAL.
Frantlin Fire Insurance Company
or niiEAiEi.i-itiAi
Office, Fob. 435 and 437 CIIESSCT StriPt.
Assets OttJan.1,1869, $2,677,372 13 .
CA F1TAL
400.rM)()K
. lH. !'4M'7(
1,1W343.4J
ihcomk von moo.
'mil rm. . '
PK M 1 U M 9
UlSfiETTT.KD CT.AIM8,"
Perpetual and Temporary Pollcle. on Liberal T rms.
Tbe Con'pany aino Issue. Polliie. on Ren's of
Building of all ainda, Oroond Bent, and Mortgage
DIKKCTOBa
Alfred O. Baker.
Aiirea nier,
Thomas Hparks,
William B. Urant,
Thomas B, Kill.,
fiM.Lavn. R lt.ii.An
Bnuinfl Urant,
Umge vv, Bluhards,
Innao Lea.
Oeorge Fales.
AtFTKD 14. HAKKK. Pr,llant
. - HKOROK FA LH 3, Vice-President.
JeP. W. McALHslKH. Hrrrelary.
WM. OUKJtN, as.lHtaiit Becretary. Is -
N3URC AT HOME,
IN TUB
Fenn Mutual Life Insurance
COMPANY,
No. 921 CHESNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA.
ANNF.TS, f.2,000,000.
CBARTEBED BY OCR OWN STATE.
HAHAED BY OVH OWN CITIZENS.
LON1GH PROMPTLY PAID.
POLICIES) ISSUED ON VARIOUS PLANS.
Applications may be trade at the Home Office, and
at tbe Agencies throughout the rttals. t 18
JAMES TBlqi'sIR . . PRESIDENT
SAMUEL E. M10HEMMM.VICB-PB8IDSNT
JNO. W. IIOBNOR A. V. F. and AOTOAKY
HOBATlO S. STfcPIIE S ..........8E(J B KT Alt Y
PATENTS.
PATENT OFFICE 8,
N. W. Corner FODRTH and CHESMJT,
(Kn trance on FOURTH Street),
FRANCIS D. PA8TORIUS,
Solicitor of Patents.
Patents procured for Inventions In the United
Btates and Forelcn Coontrle. and all buslces relat
ing to the same promptly transacted. Call or send
for circular on Patents. S8smth
PATENT OFFICE.
Patents Procured la tbe United States
and Europe;
Inventors wishing to take cat Letters Patent for
New Inventions are advised to cousuii with U. U
JtVANtr, N. W, corner Jf'OUKTU and WALNUT
Bireeis, Phllaoeipbia, whose faolllties lor prosecuting
case, beloie the Patent Ollice are nnsurpassed by
any other agency. Circulars containing full Informa
tion to Inventors can be bad ou application. ALudeis
made secretly.
C. H. EVANS,
8 Hhetu N. W. Corner FOURTH and WALNUT.
PATENTS PROCUBED IN THB UNITED
STATES AND EUEOPE.
EDWARD DROWN,
SOLICITOR OF PATENTS,
818tnth8m No. 311 WALNUT Htreet.
ENGINES. MACHINERY. ETO.
fftf t. PEIJH 6TEAM KNGINB gASfl
1-tkAullUAL AS1 THXKJi.Tl(JAL IlNUIN Twimtii
MACHINIHTb, TOIIJ
JulTHt, and FOUNDKKH, having for launy jiiii
been In successful opeiatloa, and been excloslvai.
engaged In building and repairing Marine and Rive
buglnes, high aud low-pressure. Iron Boilers, Water
lauks, Propellers, etc etc, respectfully offer th3
services to the pnbllo as being fully prepared to con.
tract for euglue. of all Bles, Alarlne, River, arid
blatlonary; Caving .et. of patterns of different llsci
are prepared to execute orders with quioic despatch.
Kvery descrlpUon of pa.tern-making made at tn.
shortest notice. High and Low-pressure Fin.
Tubular and Cylinder Roller., Ol the beet Pennsylva
nla charcoal Iron. Forging, of all slseg and kind.
Iron and Ki-aas Castings of all descriptions. Boa
Taming. Horew Wming.aud aU other work connect!
with the above business.
Drawings and .peclllcatlons for all work done al
ihe i establishment free ot ebargs, and work guaraa
leed. The subscriber, have ample wharf-dock room -foa
repair, of boats, where they can He in pereot safilv
and are provided with .near., blocks, talis, etc. su'
for raising heavy or UgiU weight.
i ACOB U. N KAilJL
JOHN P. LJtVY,
&U BBACH and PAXAf JR Btreets,
i, vatjohm icxaaiox
II
WTIJ.T1M t, MBBJUCDI
lORSr JL OOvb
lOUTHWAKK F
WASHINGTON Btreeta.
MJLRR1CK A BONB.
mnensKiLito and MAtmYjvisTa.
wannfaotnre High and Low Pressure bteaia JBnalai
for Land, Klvtr, and Alarlne bervlce.
Boilers, Qasometer., Tanks, Iron Boats, eta
Casting, of all kinds, either Iron or braas.
Iron Frame Roo for lias Work, Workshops, aad
Railroad btallona, elo.
Retort, and Ua. Machinery, 0f the latest and moss
Improved construction.
very description of Plantation Maohlnery , alea
Bngar, Raw, and Urlsl Alills. Vacuum Pans, OU
bteam Trains, Defecators, jrllten, Pumping, u
glnea, etc
bole Agents tor N, BUIenz's Patent Bngar BoUlna
Apparatna, Neamyth's Patent bteam Hammer, and
Asplnwall Woolsers Patent UentrUogal butag
Ihalnlng Machines. ifcj
BRANDY, WHISKY, WINE, ETC.
Q A ft STA IRS ft McOALL.
Hos. 120 WALNUT and 21 HKAMTE Sts
nCPORTSRa of
Brandies, Wines, Uln, OUre Oil, Etc Et(
WHOLESALE DEALERS A
TUIIE RYE WHISKIES,
UT BOND AND TAX PAID. 4 11
FERTILIZERS.
OR LAWNS, GARDENS, GREEN HOUSES
AND FARMS.
13 A V Ci il S
BAW-BONE BCPiR PIIO'PHATB OF LIUI will
b. found a pow.itul MAN UHK.
It Is prompt In lu action: It contain, tbe seeds of
no pxtlferou. weed., and will produce luxuriant
5 row lb Urasa, F.o ers, b.rawberiles, and all amt
en Vegetable and Plant.
Dral.r.auppllfd by theoargo. direct hem the Wharf
or ib. nianuiactt rr, on liberal tortus.
bend yon r ad Ureas and procure free "Jurnal ol
the Farm."
DAUQH A SONS,
No. MO Booth DEL AW ARK Avenue.
This Fertiliser can be had of all Agriculture
Dealers la city or country. , . tutnajia, .
THE ADAMS EXPRES, COM PAN Y, CFICB
. , No. aau CHKbNUT atreet. forward. Paroela,
Packages, Mercbaudiae, Bank Notea. and BtxKiie.
eltlier by It. own Una. or In conneoilon with oilier
Kx press Companlea, to all the principal towns eu
cities In the Culled Htates.
JOHN BINO HAM,
It k gtuuerhiM(ud.ati
Losses paiti since 1829,over $5,500,000