THE DAILY fi v s NO TELEGRAPH rffiLADKLPHlA, MONDAY, MARCH 8, 1869.
6
Unley the rnjgical Basil of Lids.
Frofisor IIuxleT hat an Important and Inte
yestlng paper in the Fortnightly Jieoiew, from
Which we make soma extracts:
Mr. IIaxl7 begins by admitting that, when
rst apprehended, anoh a doctrine as hie ap
pears almost sboohing to common sense. What
emmanlty of faoaltj can there be between
the brightly colored lichen, whlou. so nearly
resembles a mere mineral inornstation of the
bare rook on whloh it grows, and the painter,
te whom it is instinot with beauty, or the
botanist, whom it feeds with knowledge f If
we regard substance,, or material composition,
what hidden ' bond can conneot the flower
which a girl wears in her hair and the blood
whloh courses through her youthful veins f or
what is there in common between the dense
and restating mass of the oak, or the strong
fabric of the tortoise, and those broad disks
glassy jelly which may be seen pulsating
through the waters of a calm sea, but whloh
drain away to mere films In the hand which
raises them out of their element T .Saab, ob
jections as these must arise in the mind of
very one who ponderB, for the first time,
npon the conception of a single physloal
basis of life underlying all the diversities of
vital existence; but Mr. Huxley proposes to
demonstrate that a threefold unity namely,
unity of form, and a unity of substantial
composition does pervade the whole living
world.
To illustrate his case, Mr. II axle y goes to
the common nettle:
You are doubtless aware that the common
nettle owes Us stinging property to the lnuu
merable stltr and needle-like, tcoaga ex
qnlsitely delicate, hairs whlou cover Its Bur
lace. aob slinging-needle tapers from a brond
ho a slender summir, which, though rounded
at Ibe end, Is of such mlorosopplo fineness that
It readily penetrates, and breaks off la, the
skin. Xbe wbole balr consists of a very delicate
outer cse of wood, closely applied to ibe Inner
surface of whlou in a layer of seinl-fluld matter,
full of Innumerable granules of extreme
minuteness. This seml-Uald lining Is proto
plasm, which thus constitutes a kind of bag,
full of a limpid liquid, and roughly correspond
ing In form with tue interior of the hair whloh
it nils. When viewed with a sufficiently high
magnifying power, tbe protoplasmlo layer of
the nettle hair la seen to be in a condition of
unceasing activity. Local contractions of the
whole thickness of Us substance pass slowly
and gradually from point to point, and gave
rise to the appearance of progressive waves,
Just as tbe bending of suooesslve stalks of corn
by a breeze produoes tbe apparent' billows ot a
oorn-fleld. But in addition to these move
menu, and Independently of them, the granules
are driven, In relatively rapid streams,.through
channels In the protoplasm which seem to
have a considerable amount of persistence.
Host commonly, the currents In adjacent parts
of the protoplasm lake similar directions;
and, thus, thei e Is a general stream up one side
of tbe balr and do wu tbe other. But this does
not prevent tbe existence of partial currents
which take different routes; and, sometimes,
trains of grarjuls may be seea coursing swlttly
in opposite directions, wiinia a iweaty-inou-samlthof
an inch of one another; while, occa
sionally, opposite streams come Into direct col
lision, and, after a longer or shorter struggle,
one predominates. . . . The possible com
plexity ol many other organic forms, seemingly
m simple as the protoplasm of the nettle,
dawns upon one; acd the comparison of suoi a
protoplasm to a body with an Internal circula
tion, whloh has been put forward by an emi
nent physiologist, loses much of Us startling
character. . . , The acts of all living things
are fundamentally oue. Is any such unity pre
tUcable of their lorms? Let us seek lu easily
verified facts lor a reply to this question. If a
drop of blood be drawn by pi lotting one's
finger, and viewed wiih proper precautious
and under a sufficiently high micro
scopic power, laeie will be seea
among the innumerable ' multlinde
of little, circular dlsooidal bodies, or corpuscles,
which float In it and give it its color, a compa
ratively small number of colorless corpuscles,
of somewhat larger size and very Irregular
shape If the drop of blood be kept at the tem
perature of the body, these colorless corpuscles
will be seen to exhibit a marvellous activity,
changing tbelr forms with great rapidity,
drawing In and thrusting out prolongations or
their substance, and creeping about as if they
were Independent organisms. The substance
whloh is thus active Is a mass ot protoplasm,
and Its activity diflers In detail, rather than lu
principle, from that of the protoplasm of the
nettle. A nucleated mass of protoplasm turns
out to be what may be termed the structural
nnitof the human body. As a matter of fact;,
tbe body, In its earliest slate, Is a mere mul
tiple of suoh units; and in Us perfect con
dition, it is a multiple of such units, variously
modified.
But does the formula whloh expresses the
essential structural character of the highest
Animal cover all the rest, as tbe statement of
its powers and faculties covered that of all
otbeis? Very nearly. Beast and fowl, reptile
and flsb, moliusk, worm, and polype, are all
composed of structural units of the same char
acter, namely, masses of protaplosm with a
nuoleus. There are suniry very low animals,
each of whloh, structurally, is a mere colorless
blood-corpuscle, leading an Independent life.
But, at the very bottom of the animal soale,
even this simplicity becomes simplified, and
an tue pnenomena 01 me are manifested oy a
particle of protoplasm without a nuoleus.
And what has been said or the animal world
Is no less trueot plants. Traced back to Us
earliest state, the nettle arises as the man does,
in a particle of nucleated protoplasm. And la
the lowest plants, as In tbe lowest animals, a
single mass of suoh protoplasm may constitute
the wbole plant, or the protoplasm may exist
-without a nuoleus.
Under these circumstances it may well be
asked, how Is one mass of non nucleated
pretoplasm to be distinguished from another?
why call one plant" and tbe other "animal?"
The only reply Is that, so far as form Is con
cerned, plants and animals are not separable,
and that, In many cases, It Is a mere matter of
convention whether we call a given organism
an animal or a plant. There Is a living body
, called .ttthallum septlcum, whloi appears
upon decaying vegetable substances, and in
one of Us forms is common upon the surface of
tan pits. In this condition It Is, to all intents
and purposes, a fungus, and formerly was
always regarded as suoh; but tbe remarkable
Investigations of Ue B iry have shown that, la
another condition, tbe vKihallum Is an ac
tively locomotive creature, and takes la solid
matters, upon which, apparently, It feeds, thus
exhibiting the most characteristic feature of
anlmality. Is this a plant, or is it au animal ?
As It both, or Is it neither ?
Mr. Huxley declares at this point that pro
toplasm, simple or nucleated, is the formal
basis of all life. It is the clay of the potter,
whloh, bake It and paint it as yon will, re
mains clay, separated by artifice and not by
nature, from the commonest brick or sun
dried clod. All living powers are oognate, and
all living forms are fundamentally of one char
acter. - The researches of the chemist have revealed
a no less striking uniformity of material com
position in living matter:
' In perfect strlotnoss, It is true that chemical
Investigation can tell us Utile or nothing, di
rectly, of ice composition of living rusuter,
' Inasmuch as suoh mailer must needs die in t le
act of analysis and upon this very oovlons
ground, objections, which I confess seem to me
to be somewhat lrlvolotis, have boen raised to
the drawing of any conclusions whatever re
specting tbe composition of ac.utliy
living matter lroiu that of the - dead
matter of life, whloh alone is accessible
to ns. But objectors of I his class do
not seem to relit at that It is also, in strictness,
true that we knew nothing about the composi
tion of any body whatever, as it Is, The state
ment that a crystal of calo-spar consists of car
bonate of lime Is quite trne, If we only mean
that, bv SDDronrlale nroneHses. It maybe re-
' solved Into carbonio acid aud quicklime. If
you pass the same caroonio aoia over tue very
quicklime thus obtained, you will obtain car
bonate of lime again; but 11 will not be calo
spar, nor anything like It. Can it, therefore,
be said that chemical analysis leaches nothing
about theobemloal composition of oalospar?
Bucli a statement would be absurd; but it Is
bardly more so than the talk one occasionally
bears about the nselessnessnf applying results
- of ehemloal analysis to the living bodies whloh
have yielded them. ,
One fact, at any rate, la out of reach of such
refinements, and this is, that all the forms of
protoplasm which have yet been examined
contain the four elements, carbon, hydrogen,
oaygen, and nitrogen, in very complex union,
, and that they behave similarly towards seve
ral resgenu. To this complex combination,
lb nature of which bss nevr Mwn dftonn'nM
with eaaolnes, lb name ot Protein hM tweo
applied. And If we nm this tmm wlm auoa
cnoi Ion may properly arl out of onr com
parative Ignorance of ine things for wnt.Qlt
stands, It may be truly said ibat all pr.no
plasm Is prolelnaceous: or, aa the white, or
albumen, ol an egg le one of tbe commonest
eaample of a nearly pure protein matter, we
may xay that all living matter is more or less
And now, what is t he ultimate fate, and what
the origin, of the matter of life? Is It, nsx-une
of the older naturalists supposed, diffused
throngbont the universe in molennles, wnloh
are lhdeslructlble and unchangeable in them
selves; but, in endless transmigration, unite In
Innumerable permutations, iuto Ibe diversified
forms of life we kuow? Or, Is the matter of life
competed of ordinary matter, differing from It
only in the roanuer lu which Its atoms are
tigrtgate)!? Is it built up of ordiuary matter,
aud again resolved Into ordinary matter when
Its wotk Is done? Modern science does not
btsliale a moment between these alternatives.
I'bysioiogy writes over the portals of life
"Pctemur roortl nos nostraque,"
with a profounder meaning than the Roman
poet attached to that melancholy line. Under
whatever disguise It takes retuge, whether
fungus or oak, worm or man, tbe living pro
toplasm notonly ultimately dies and Is resolved
Into Us mineral and lifeless constituents, but Is
always dying, and, strange as tbe paradox may
sound, could not live unless It died.
All work implies waste, and the work of
lite results, directly or indirectly, in the
work of protoplasm. Every word uttered by
a speaker costs him some physloal loss, and,
in the strictest sense, he barns that others
may have light so much eloquence, so mnoh
of his body resolved into carbonio aoid, water,
and urea. It is clear that this prooess of
expenditure cannot go on forever. Bat,
happily, there is also a prooess of renewal:
For example, this present leoture, whatever
its intellectual worth to jou, has a certain
physical value to we, which Is, conceivably, ex
pressible by the number of grains of proto
plasm and other bodily substance wasted in
maintaining my vital processes during Its dell
very. By-aud-by I shall probably have reoourse
to the substance commonly called mutton, for
tbe pnrpose of stretching It back to its original
size. Mow this mutton was once tbe
living protoplasm, more or less modified,
of auother animal a sheep. As I shall eat it,
it is tbe same matter altered, not only by
deaih, but but by exposure to sundry artificial
operations in the process of cooking. But these
changes, whatever be their exieut, have not
tendered it incompetent to resume Us old func
tions fcS matter of life. A singular inward
laboratory, which I possess, will dissolve acer
tain portion of the modified protoplasm, the
solution so formed will pass Into my veins; and
the subtle Influences to which It will then be
subjected will cot. vert the dead protoplasm
Into living protoplasm, and transubstantiate
sheep Into man. Nor Is this all. If digestion
were a thing to be trifled with, I might sup upon
lobster, aud the matter of life of tue crustacean
would undergo the same wonderful meta
morphosis Into bumaulty. And were I
to return to my own place by sea,
and undergo shipwreck, the Crustacea might,
and probably wcuid, return the compliment,
and demonstrate our common nature by turn
ing my protoplasm into living lobster. Or, if
nothing better weie to be bad, 1 might supply
my wants with mere bread, and 1 should find
the protoplasm of the wheat-plant to be con
vertible Into man, with no more trouble than
that of tbe sheep, aud with far less, I fanoj,
than that of the lobster. Hence it appears to
be a matter of no ureat moment what animal,
or what plant, I lay under contribution for pro
toplasm, and the fact speaks volumes for the
general Identity ot that substance In all living
belnL'B. I rhare Ibis catholicity of assimilation
with other anlmuis.all of which, so far as we
know, could thrive equally well on the proto
plasm, of any of their lellows, or of
any plant; but lure the assimilative powers
of tbe animal world cease. A solution of
smelling-salts in water, with an infinitesimal
pi oportlon of some other saline matters, con
tains all the elementary bodies which enter
Into the composition of protoplasm; but, as I
need bardly say, a hogshead of thai fluid would
not keep a hungry man from starving, nor
would It save any animal whatever from alike
fate. An animal caunot mike proioplaam, but
must take It ready made from some other
animal, or some plant the animal's highest
feat of constructive chemistry being to con
vert dead protoplasm Into that llvlug matter
of life which Is appropriated to Itself.
Therefore, In stekiDg lor the origin of proto
plasm, we must eventually turn to the vege
table world. The fluid containing carbonio
acid, water, and ammonia, whloh oilers such a
Barmecide feast to the animal. Is a table richly
spread to multitudes ot plants; and, wkb a due
supply of only such materials, many a plant
will not only maintain Itself In vigor, but
grow aud multiply until it has lnoreased a
million fold, or a million mllion-fold, tbe
quantity of protoplasm whloh it originally
possessed; In this way building up the matter
of life, to an lndeflnlleextent, from the oommon
matter of the universe.
But it will be observed that the existence
of the matter ol lite depends ou the pre existence
of certain compounds, namely, carbouio acid,
water, and ammonia Withdraw any
one of these three from the world,
and all vital phenomena come to
an end. They are related 10 the protoplasm of
the plant, as the protoplasm of the plaut is to
that of the animal. Oarbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
and nitrogen are all lifeless bodies. Of these,
carbon and hydrogen unite in certain propor
tions and under certain conditions, to give rise
to caroonio aciu; nyarogenanu oxygen produce
water: nitrogen and hydrogen give rise to am
monia. These new compounds, like the ele
mentary bodies of which they are composed.
are lifeless. But when they are brought to
gether, under certain conditions thev give rise
to the still more complex body, protoplasm,
and lb is protoplasm exhibits the phenomena of
life. I see no break In the series of steps la
molecular complication, and I am unable to
understand why tue language which is applica
ble to any oue ttitn ot the series may not be
used to any of the others. We think fit
to call different kinds of matter carbon,
oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, and to speak
or the vailous towers and activities of these
substances as ibe properties of the matter of
which they are composed. When hydrogen
and oxygen are mixta in a certain proportion,
aud an eleotrlo spark la passed through them,
they dn-appear, and quantity of water, equal
lu weight to the sum of their wetghis, appears
In their place. Tu re is not the slightest parity
between the passive aud active powers of the
water and those ol the oxygen aud hydrogen
which have given rise to it. At 32 deg. Fahren
heit, and far below that temperature, oxygen
and hydrogen are el.utlo gaseous bodies, whose
particles tend to rush away from
one auother with great force.
Water at the same temperature is a
strong though buttle solid, whose parlioles
tend 10 cohere Into definite geometrical shapes,
and sometimes Inula up frosty Imitations of
the most complex forms of vegetable foliage.
Nevertheless we oall these, aud many other
strange phenomena, the properties of the
water, ana we do hot hesitate to believe that In
some way or nnother, they result from the
properties of the component elements of the
water. We do hot ussume that a something
called "aquoslty" entered into and took pos
session ol the oxide of hydrogen as soon as It
was formed, and then guided the aqueous
particles to tielr places in the -facets or the
crystal, or amoral the leaflets of the ho ir
frost. Is tbe case In any way changed when
carbonic acid, water, and atnmnula disappear,
and in their place. u-der tbe luflueuce of pre
existing living protoplasm, an equivalent
weight of the uiaturof iif0 makes Us appvar-
BDC.?
It is true that there Is no sort of parity
between the prntfiiios of the components and
Ihe properiles ol ti o resultant, but neither was
lJtt.VfLl of ? lbu influence of
pre-existing ilvliiB lualter is something quite
unlnielllglole; but dots anybody gm", ,i;
prebend ihe moriux operandi of an electric Dark
which traverses mixture of oxygen au.i
hydrogen0 uu
What Justifies1 ion is there, then, for the
afsumptiou ol the oilstence in the living
matter f a honn'ih tig whloh has no represent,
tive or coireJuirve in the not living miner
which gave rise t i:? What better pbllosophi.
cl status has "vi.allty" thau "auuostiy?'
And why should "vitality" hope for a better
fate thsn the other "Hys" which have dlsaa.
reared since Merlin us Hcrlbleru accounted for
he operation of the meat-lack by lu inherent
"meat roasting quality ,,T aud Boomed the
"materialism" of those who explained tbe
turning of the spit by a certain mechanism
Worked by the draught of tbe chimney?
And now, says Mr. Huxley, after still far
ther enforcing Lis view of the faots:
I bid you beware that, in accepting these con
clusion, you are placing your feet on the first
rung of a ladder which, In most people' esti
mation, is the reverse of Jacob's, aud leads to
the no tlpodes of heaven. Jt may seem a small
iblrg to admit that the dull vital eotlont of a
foDgnr, Or a InraralnUer, are tbe properties fif
tbelr proioplaKm, and are tbe direct results of
the tiainre of Ibe matter of which Iney are
composed. But If, asl bave endeavored to prove
lo you, their protoplasm la essentially idem ioal
with, and moat readily convened Into, that of
any animal, lean discover no l glol halting
plaee between the admission that such is the
cafe and the further oonoeaslon that all vital
acticn may, with equal propriety, be said to be
tbe rnll of lh molecular foroes of tbe proto
plasm which displays It. And If so, It must be
true, In tbe same sense and to the time ex
tent, that the thoughts 1 1 which I am now giv
ing utterance, and your thoughts regratu
them, are the expression of moleoular ooaogee
In ihatmatteref lire which la the source of oar
other vital phenomena.
Vast experience leads me to be tolerably cer
tain tbat.wben tbe propositions I bave Just
plaoed before yon are aucesslole to public om-
inem ana criticism, mey win De condemned by
many xealous pel Bona, and perhaps by some
fewof tne wise and thoughtful. I should not
wonder if "gross and materialism" were the
mildest phrase applied to tbem la certain quar
ters. And most undoubtedly the terms oi tbe
propositions are distinctly materialistic
.Nevertheless two things are certain: the one,
that I bold the statements to be substantially
true; tbe other, that I, Individually, am no
materialist, but, on tbe contrary, believe mate
rialism to Involve grave philosophical of ror.
What, he says farther on
What lathe difference between tbe concep
tion ot llie as the product of a certain disposi
tion of material molecules, and the old notion
of anArchrcus governing and directing blind
matter within each llvlug body, except this
that here, as elsewhere, matter and law have
devoured spirit and f poutanlety ? Aud as surely
as every future grows out of past aud present,
so will the phj Biology of the future gradually
extend the realm of matter and law until it is
co-extensive with knowledge, with feeling, and
with action. The consciousness ot this great
truth weighs like a nightmare. I believe, upon
many of the best minds of these days. Tney
watch what they conceive to be tbe progress of
materialism, in such fear ana powerless anger
as a savage feels, when, during an eclipse, tne
freat shadow creeps over tbe face of the sun,
'neadvanclDg tide of matter threatens todrown
their souls: the tightening grasp of law Im
pedes their freedom; they are alarmed lest
man's moral nature be debased by the Increase
Of bis wisdom. But, after all, what do
we know of this terrible "matter," except as a
name for the nnknown and hypothetical cause
of slates of our own consciousness 1 And what
do we know of that "spirit" over whose
threatened extinction by mailer a great lamen
tation is arising, like that which was heard at
tbe death of lau. except that it is also a name
for an unknown and hypothetical cause, or
condition, of states of consciousness? Inoiher
words, matter and spirit are but names for the
imaginary substrata of groups of natural
phenomena.
In itself It is of little moment whether we
express tbe phenomena of matter in terms of
spirit, or the phenomena of spirit In terms of
matter; matter may be regarded as a form of
tnougbt, thought may be regarded as a properly
of matter eaoh statement has a certain rela
tive truth. But with a view to tbe progress of
science, tne material lsuo terminology is in
every way to be preferred. For It connects
thought with the other phenomena of the uni
verse, and suggests inquiry into the nature of
tnese puyncai conoitions, or concomitants ot
thought, wblon aie more or less accessible to
us, and a knowledge of which may, In future,
help us to exercise the same kind of control
over tbe world of tbought as we already possess
In respect of tbe material world; whereas, the
alternative, or spiritualistic, terminology Is
utterly barren, and leads to nothing but
obscurity and confusion of ideas.
Thus there can be little doubt that the further
science advances the more extensively and
consistently will tbe phenomena of nature be
represented by materialistic formula) and
symbols.
But the man of science, who, forgetting the
limits or pniiosopnioat inquiry, snaes irom
these foimuJiu and symbols into what is com
monly understood by materialism, seems to
me to place himself on a level with the mathe
matician who should mistake ihex'a and i's
with whloh he works bis problems for real en
titlesand with this furltier disadvantage, as
compared with the mathematician, that the
blunders of the latter are of no practical con
st quence, while tbe errors of systematic mate
rlaiitm may paralyze the energies and destroy
me ueauiy ui a ui.
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Dil i W MAKjiih.tiih.H (Ti Halifax),
Tuesday, star. 1 P. M
Vyi Y yt JBKOOK.I.YN, baturuay, Mar. id, 1 P. M.
Cl'lYO GOMJL.viaHallrx Tuesday, aiar.w, 1
puiu oku uurovum. oaturoay anu alternate Toeauju
at 1 KM.., troin tier , North River.
ratju) ujt rAHSAUii by tei mail btbajcju
Payable lu Gold. payable lu Currency.
riRHT CAB1N..WM.....100 ISTJtfcliAGJi; nm4
ll6 to LonaonmM..mMM 40
h .raria ut, io raris...... if
rABS JJY TUB TUJtaUAV STXaM KB VIA H lajTAX
riRHT CAHIH. RTIirRiUff
Payable la Gold, Payable In Uurrsnoy.
Liver pooh, eeeaeseeesa aseetee
Halllm....................... ai
Liverpool..
BLantax
Bt. jonu's, r. jr..
by Branch bteaiaer,
:
31. John's, N.
I xrancn Bieamer.
PaaseuKero also lorwardeu to ilavra. Hambura. lire-
Tickets can be bought here by persons sending for
their lrlenda, at moderate rates,
lor further Information apply at the Company's
Oillcee.
JOHN G, DALE, Agent, No. 15 BROADWAY, N. Y.
OiW O'LONNAH A FAULK, Agents,
bi aii u i ptrett, rnnaaeipuia.
ft ONLY" DIRECT LINE To FRANCE.
'lux. UH.JMKRAL TRAUBATLaNTIO COMPANY'S
Tbe splendid new vessels ou this Uvome route for
the Continent will sail from Pier No. 60 North river,
as loilows:
1ST. LA U RANT Brocande -.Saturday, Oct. I
VILLI!, Dili P ARi6au. .buraiout Saturday, Oct. 17
Pii.Ra.IRJt . .....Duehoaue tjatuxuay, Oct. Si
PRICK Olf ASBAGS
In gold (Including wlue).
TO RRlusT OR HAVRE.
First Cabln.......w.M......i oecoud Cahiu.-........... (36
(Including railway tlcke.s, lurnlabed on board)
i irai cabin.....Mo Beooud cbio..................A36
x uvbb iwMuon uu t.ut carry eweiage passengers,
A) edlcul attendant. e nee ol charun.
American travellers ruins 10 or returning from
the continent of Aurope. by taking the steamers of
iuii uussvuiu uuuvuessary ritttf.a jrotu trausit oy
English railways ana crotsiog tue channel, beside.
saving Mug, uuuoie, anu exprnBe.
GJfeUMGJ MACKENZIE, Agent,
No. 6S BROAL WA Y, New Yoik.
For passage In fuliaueluula, apply at Ariauia'
Express Company, 11. L. LEAV,
17 No. 820 CH ESN U f btreet.
fe PH1LADKLFHIA, RICHMOND
lixMUUGU JfREJUiMT AIR L1JSE TO TBI
Ow UU A A A TT AO A
EVERY SATURDAY,
At noon, from SLhal WiiARif above MARKET
SLvmL
TJUROTJGH BATES and THROUGH RECEIPTS
HIRIIIIUIUMUI MJU DUU.U VUUI1US, VU S6S
board Air Line Railroad, conuectlngat Portsmouth
ana to Lynchburg, Va., Tennessee, aud the West, via
Virginia and Tennessee Air Line and Richmond and
freight HANDLED BUT ONCE, and taken at
LOW ER RATES THAN ANY OTHER LINJt.
The regularity, safety, aud cheapness of this routs
oommeud It to the public as tne most desirable me
uinm tor carrying every description ol freight.
No charge for commission, dray age. or any expense
Ot trauBler.
Steamships Insured at lowest rates.
freight received daily,
WILLIAM P. CLYDE as CO.,
No. 14 North and Bomb WHARVES.
W. F, PORTER, Acent at Rlchuond and City
Point.
T, P. CROWELL 4 CO., AgenU at Norfolk. 1
fttV, NOTICE.-"FOR "NEW YORK, VIA
yiH?nm..m.uit AND RARITAN mini,.
&APRESU STEAMBOAT COMPANY.
TheCHEAl'EsT anu QCxCKESi water communl
canon between Phhadelpuia and Mew York.
clean, us leave dally imiu Orat wharf below Market
aireet. Phllaaelphla, and loot ot Wall street, New
Goods iorwurded by all the lines running onlol New
Ynrk. North, East, and West, tree Ol oouuniaslou
Frourht received ou and after the 8th lbStant, anl
foiwaidf d on accommodating terms,
WILLIAM P. (JL.YDE A CO., Acsnta.
No, 1:4 S. DELAWARE Avenu, Philadiphla
lAffliuj HAND, Agent,
K Ho. 119 WALL Street. New Yorf.
4gt NEW EAPKE8S UNB TO ALblXi
uhBuiaHk nuuiiM, utuobuwa( puiu vvasmngiOa
D. c, via Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, with con
nections at Alexandria from the most direct routs
tor L nchburg, Bristol, KnozvUle, Nashville, Daltoa
and the Southwest.
steamers leave regularly every Baturday at boob
from the first wharf awe Market Street.
Prsigh, received dally. WM p CLYDE CO..
. No. 14 North and South Whazyee,
J. B. DAVIDSON, Agent at Georgetown.
M. JsiLDKLDGE a Co., Agenia at Alexandria, YU.
glnia. si
aCCCa. KOTlCBlfOE NEW YORK,
J.rrgj- vl" 1j" aware and. Rarllan Caual,
23i5ESS SWIFT laURETitiLNoORfATiON
DESPATCH AND BeIPTclURB LINE,'
Tbe bualneia by these lines will be resumed on and
alter tbe tub of March. Kor Freigh's, which will be
taken ou accommodating terms, apply to
W M. BAIRD. A Co.,
. 3 2J No. 134 South Wharves.
BRANDY, WHISKY, WINE, ETC.
QAR8TAIR8 & tfcOALL,
HOS. 128 WALSCT and 21 URAMTE Sts
IMPORTERS OF
Brandies, Wines, tiln, OUre Oil, Etc. Ets
WHOLESALE DEALERS IH
PURE RYE WHISKIES,
JN BOND AND TAX PAID. i 11
Yy I LLI A M GROVES,
e. 838 SAKSOX Street,
"agent for
YE AT MAN A GHAHAMS 2 ti lm
riTBE CISCINNATI CATAWItl WINES.
HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS.
Mt.. Vernon Hotel,
8 1 Monument street, Baltimore,
Elegantly Furnished, wltb unBurjiMsed Culalne.
On the European rian, 1
D. P. MORGAN.
NORTH PENN HOTEL, NO. 415 N. THIRD
lrirec, I blladelphla, is NttvV uPKN, on. the
iinroprao plan, A. S I it I SON, buperlnl enUent,
Rooms lo rent, with or without bosrd; hoarding,
with or without rooms. 8 & lm
jrv- DR. F. GIRARD. YET ilUNARY 8LR.
AtJ GEON, treat all disease, of horse, and cat
He, and all surgical operations, with eillcloul accom
modations for horses at hi lu Urinary No.
U AiulXAi a. bwvei, above tovnu. lui
1 -; ' INSVPANCE.
1T.LAWABK MtJTUAJU SAFETY IN8UH-
Eg
Islatuie oX Fenxuylvanl, 1836.
Office 8. K. comer of THIRD and WALNUT
3WflWe irUHiUOHuie1
On Veuola Cargot nd Freiglii to all parU Ol
On good by river, canal, lake and landoarrutge
to all parw of tbe Union.
i i.i ijnnussAuis
DnMerchandlae generally; on h tores, DrelUigs,
Xlousea, eta
assets or THB,ooMPAirr,
Novmhl.lHW.
1200,000 United BUles Five Per
Cent. Loan, 10-40
120,000 United Blates BIX Per
Cent. Loan 1H81..mm,...i..
60.000 United Bute Biz Per
Cent. Loan (for Pacific K).
300,000 Stale of Pennsylvania Biz
Per Cent. Loan
136,000 City Of Phlla. Blx Percent.
Loan (exempt from tax).
60.00 State of New Jersey Blx
Per Cent Loan............
20,000 Penn. Hall. First Mortgage
Blx Per Cent, Bonds .
36,000 Penn. H. Beconcl Mortgage
Hlx Per Cent, Bonds
26,000 Western Penn. K. MorU
Blx Per Cent. Bonds, (P.
K. K. gnarantee) m
80,000 State of Tennessee Five Per
Cent. Loan.......
7,000 State of Tennessee Blx Per
Cent. Loan
15,000 Germantown Gas Co., prin
cipal and Interest guaran
teed by City of Phllad'a,
800 shares Block
10,000 Penn'a Kallroad Company.
800 shares Block
6,000 North Penn'a Kallroad Co.,
100 shares Block
20,000 Phlla. and Bontbern Mall
Bteam.Co..H0sharesHtock:
207,900 Loans on Bond and Mort
gage, first liens on City
Properties ee see see eeeeeeee .
1308,600,00
136,800-00
60,000-00
211,875 00
128,59400
61,600 00
20,200-00
21,000-00
80,62600
21,00000
6.03125
15,000 00
11,300 00
8,500 00
15.000 00
207,90000
11,109,000 Par. Market value, 11,130,325-25
UOSt, Jl.Wii.UWiO.
Real Kstate ' 88.00000
Bills receivable for Insurance made 822,48o W
Balances due at agencies, premiums
on marine policies, accrued Inter.
Ant. anil nLhAr rlohra riiiA thA nnm.
pany................. 40,178'88
Stock and scrip of sundry corpora- .
tlons. tai&S. Estimated value 1,81300
Cash In bank....... 8110 150 08
nosh In .Iranav 413-Kfi
116,563 78
$1,647,3(57 80
DIBBOTOBa
Thomas 0. Hand,
Edmund A. Bonder,
Hamuel K. Stokes,
llenry Sloan,
William C. Ludwlg,
George G. Lei per,
Henry O. Dalieit, Jr.,
John D. Taylor,
George W. Bernadoo,
William G. Boulton,
Jacob Klegel,
i pence r Mollvaine.
jonn j. ahvis,
James C. Hand,
Theophilus Paulding,
Joseph H. Heal,
Hngb Craig,
John K. Penrose,
Jacob P. J ones,
James Traqnalr,
Edward Darlington,
11. Jones Brooke,
James B. McFarland,
Edward Lafourcade,
D. T. M organ, Flttabarg
lonn o. uempie,
B. Bererer.
JoshUA P. Eyre,
UOMAB O . HAN li. President.
JOHN C DAV1H. Vlaa.Prealdent.
HENRY LYLBURN, Secretary,
HENRY BALL. Assistant Beoretry. (10 8
Franklin Fire Insurance Co.
MT rAUIAAJsrJUlAa
Nos. 135 and 137 CULSaUT 8TUlk
ASSETS OH 1AIDABT 1, 1S6X,
.UUa.74U-09,
(MPITAln.,.,, ... Heo,ooe)ea
4. vy,rfL?.UJLFI' 03 S,8S-S9
f&SMJ UMH. .....l.iai.tMtfug.
DNbTTLKl OLAXftlbe IXVOMJL VOX 187
as.eea-as ssoe.ooa-ocv.
. t5 4500,000.
Perpetual ana Temporary f olldes on labor 1 Term, I
DXKUUTOBa.
Charles If. Bancs: er. Alfred Fltler.
Eiaiuuel Urant.
luomas nparu,
tieorgeW iUcharoa,
Isaac Lea.
w muuu o. urant.
Beorge JfJ.HABjjKa B
Thomas H. Juilsf
OKUKUS: FALKH. VkM.Pra.in.ni
JAB. W. MoALLim'Jteii, becreiary pro tein.
Except at Lexington, KentucAy, this Oomoanyati
no Agencies West of Putshurg. w"'",1j1S1.,
o
FF1CEOP THE INttUKANtJE COMPANY
' iilr NDkTh A M hK lllA Nn v jo 117 . . , . V7.
Btreet, PliLaueipbla,
Incorporated 1794. Charter Perpetual
Capital, ftSOO.OOV.
Assets 92.330,000
MA1UN E, IN LAN 1), AM) i'l UE IN a U tt AN CK
OVEB $20,000,000 LOSSES PAID SINCE
lib ORGANIZATION.
.. , DIBBCTOBS.
Arthur G. Coffin, George L. HarrlsorL
Bamnel W. Jones, Francis R. cope.
John A. Brown, Edward H. Trotter.
Charles Taylor, Edward B. CiarAe.
Ambrose W hlte, x. Charlton Henry.
Kicbard B. Wood, AUred 1). Jeseup.
William WeUb, John P. White,
B. Morris W ain, Louis O. Madeira,
JohnMahou, Charles W. Oushmaa. .
ARTHUR G. COFFIN, President.
ax.- CHARLES PLATT, Vice President.
Matthias Maiub, Beoretary. 21J
FIKE 1MSDRAKCB E2CLU61VELY THB
PENNB1TLVANIA Flitn. INsUKANCJfi COM
i'Afi7in.tfVrrtor,kMa l-Jharier Ptetual-No
10 kW VS blJ.1' Ofl-oah inuependeuce TiSquars
This Company, favorably known loth. oomnVuuai
for over lorty years, continues to Insure agiUust loS
or damage by lire ou Publlo or Private Bulidinn
either peruiauently or tor a limited time. Also Si
jrurolture. blocks ol boods, and MerohandlA en
rally, on liberal terms, " sene-
Then-Capital, together with a large Surplus Funs
Is uivesteo In the moat carelul manner, which eiiai.ii
Uiem to offer to the Insured an undoubted seeurli i
ihe case of loss. 7 19
biksOtoas,
Daniel Brulth, Jr., i John Deverenx,
Alexander Ueuson, I Thomas ouiiLhT
Inaao nailehursi, - Henry Lewis.
Thomas Moh.us. . I J. Ollll ogham Fell
lianlel Baddock. jr.
DAN1KL bAtllu. Jm. .PIslCeok,
WM. 9. CBOWALL, Secretary. 1 taut
QTRIOTLY MUTUAL.
PROVIDENT LIFtTAND TRUST CO.
OF PHLUAC AX fHIA.
OFFICE, Mo. Ill H. FUUUXU STB EXT
uiganuHMi 10 promote liJ i-MaUKAJMUA amoiia
uembers ol th. u
BOOIKTY OF FRIXNUa, I
Qood risks of any das aoccptea.
Policies laaoeU apwu approved pians, at th. lowest
tk' President,
BAMTJEL it. BMIFLKT.
Vice-President, willam o. low u hi kktm.
Actuary, hOWLAMD PAJUtT.
Tbe advantage ottered by this Company ar.
Siuelled, 1i7
T11(EMX JNSURANCii
COMPANY OJ?
X- PHI LA DEL PH 1 A.
LNOOltPOJttATItU 1MH CHARTER PKRPKTTJAr.
jso. iai WAL bT btreet, oppouiie the JUcuauMeT
w-mmu y i H sf oi uaiiiags oy
on liberal terms, on bulldiugsmerohandls., furniture
sic, tor limited i periods, and permanently on build.
liigs by depositor premium I. .
The I mpauv has been lu active operation for more
wan riAi x i jLAiws, uuriua " uiuu an iosae have
been promptly adjusted ad t'Hl l,
1 1)1 JUAJTOKS.
Jobn L. Hodge, .David Lewie,
si. u. waiicuy,
Jo hu T, Lewis,
William u. Urant,
.Robert W. Learning,
11. Clark Wharton.
Benjamin Kttlnc.
Thomas 11 . Powers.
A. H. MvHeury,
Juluiuud Caslllion,
Bauiuel Wilcox,
Lawrence Lewis, Jr.
s. jr.. iiiwi. J.nrrif.
JOHN R. VV VVHJLBJLR. Prealdant.
utwn v. rfnrri..
Bannx. WlLOOx. ncretary. t.c4 .
IMPERIAL FIRE INSURANCE CO.
LONDON.
KSTABU8UED 1&03.
- Paid-up Capital end Accumulated Funds,
$8,000,000, IN GOLD.
jVKEVOST t IIEKBIKO.AsVenfa,
t No, 107 South THIRD Btreet, Phllada.
CHAB, M. PRjTVOHT. CHA. P. HERIUNO
INSURANCE.
1
HE ENTERPRISE INSORANCi CO f!
Cthce molbweet tor. KOUKlll and WALwirrT
PMtr JtTUAJu AHU TKKM PoLlClEa ln'orr
Cash Assets JaauaryT l"9 yj5J'
F. Batch ford Starr
.1. i.ivit.Mt.M 1
rajDru f r.iirr,
J( hn V. AtwHL
BnJ. T. Treick,
beors H. Htuart,
Jame. L. Oiaghoro? j
Wm. U. lloultua, 1
r'h.rlM UhMlu - I
Thoe. H liomgVmery
iohu M.unjwn. am. m. A.riaea,
I bis Company Insures only erat-claas riaki, takt-
pMtally hazardous rlks whatever, suoh as fcui'
a. mill., ato, sami
' F. KTOHFORDFTARR PrridanC ;T5S
J
no
rlea.
I ri un. n. , v.w in ftn i , vioe-rrestaeni
AIM. W. Wist . Brrnary. i i
ENGINES, MACHINERY, ETol
- PtTn UTRiM VAIfirXTb
J ft. AAiASi vavaMss A1 VIA-J Jf
!sZ BOILKR WOKkB.-NKAriit a f lT
n AO 1 Ol JCxJ IjjIiIs aH iaa A JVIID H 1. 1 i j
fMlTHls, and FOUNDS KH, baying tor m.oy ...
been In successful operation, taia been eioTuii.
engaged In building and repairing. Marine and Rlv
Fnglnes, high and low-pressure. Iron Bollen, w.i
Tank., Propellers, etc. etc., respwlfuliy offer th.
service, to tbe public as being fully prepared lo ea
tract for engine of all s!es, Marine, Hirer, a,
Btatlouary; Caving scis of patterns of different si.
are prepared to execute orders wltb quick desnatc
Kvery description of pattern-making- mad. at ti
Shortest nothw, High and Low-pressure Pi
Tubular and Cylinder Ui lie is, ot th. beat P. nnsvli
nlacbarooal troh. Forgmgs of all nlars a.id klm
Iron and H-as. Castlugs ol all do.or.ptio s. k.
Turning, Screw CAuih.g, and all etker work onuact
with tbe above buainean, "i
Drawing, and si.tDClons lor el; work don. I
thetstobllahment free of charge, end work guar
toed. .
Tbe subscribers havr ample wharl-dook room f
A'U I 1M lu'ls. T r t l. 1.1 A J A 17 L. uta-T
ard are provided wim atri blocks, falls, etc. .
a.. K la'.wm k&awn n 1 1 -, WuIeULS.
JACOB O.NFAFIW. i
JOHN P. LAW. I
111
HHAfH and PALMAKBtreeaV
I, vadsbji mnid, wiluam si kaaju
fnnfriin s tiTr im t ' a v , rI . . '
lsv ui u iciinrjni ruip uji xt Fit AH
ABH1NWTOH Bireei.
rnijaiftiiA,
M k.UL it ' U J. UkKI
UbNOINJiJlKM iMn Miliui'm.n
pannfaoture High and Lew Pressure Bteam'Xnchsf
for Land, River, and Marine Service. u mi
. iwiiers, uaaometera, Tanks, Iron Boats, eta, j
testing, of ell kinds, etther Iron or brass. I
ra0jn0t0M WM' Workshops, a
Every description of FlanUtlon Machinery, air
Bngar, Baw, and Grist Mills, Vacuum Pans, O
Bteam Trains, Defecators, Filters, Pumping, X.
glnea, .to. i
Bole Agents tor W. BUIpux's Pateat Bngat BoUhv
Apparatus, Nesmyth's Patent Bteam Hammer, as
AsplnwaU A Woolseys Patent Centrifugal Bug.
Draining Machine.
PATENTS.
PATENT OFFICC8
N. W. Corner F0UBTH and CHESS 0T,
(Entrance on FOURTH Street),
FRANCIS D. PA8TORIU8
f
Solicitor of Patents, j
Patents procured fur Inventions In the Unlte
States and Foreign Coon. rle, and alibuslieas relat
ing to tbe same promptly transacted. Call or sen
for circular on Patents. 5 smtbi
PATENT OFFICE
I'atents rrocored la the United Stat
and Kurope; .. .
Inventors wlshlne to lake rnt Letters Patent In
New Inventlurs are advised to consult wltb t). H
JSVANe, N. W. corner FOUKTU and WALNUT
8 reeis, Philadelphia, whose facilities lor prosecunnf
cases beloie tbe Patent lilllce are nusurpassed by
aty other agency. Circulars coui.lolng full Informs
tli.u to lnventois can be had ou application. Models
mau. aecreuy,
C. H. EVANS,
34tbstn N. W. Corner FoUETH and WALNUT.
OFFICE FOR Ff.CClMG P,UENT8j
o. 119 South FOCRTU St, rhlladelphla.j
Ann u&iuiiiai uuil,uiub,
No. BiVSMH Breet, opposite U. B. Patent
OtUce, Washington. D. O.
H. UOWeUN. Boilcllor ot Patent.
V. UOWBON, Attorney at La.
Commnnlcatlons io be addressed to toe Prlnclisl
Ottice, Philadelphia. 1 lm
PATENT N.-WIEDEKNIIFIM A CO..
fcOLlUlTORSU IT PATENTS.
4 00 CH E6I U T bl M K KT, PH I L A D&LPHI A.
468 7 l'H bT&EKT, WAdUlNUTON, D.U 2 16 lm
DRUGS, PAINTS, ETC.
ROBERT SHOEMAKER A CO.,
NsEs Corner or FOt KTU and RiCJt 8i,
f PBILADKLPHIA,
WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS.
XHFOBTKS AND MAN UFACTTJKEIBa OF
Wblt Lead and Colored Taints, Putt
Varnishes, Etc I
AGENTS FOB THH CXELKBBATIOD '
FSEACU ZIAC FAINTS. ' j
DFALKS AND CONSUMERS 8UPPLUCD Ail
LQWKST PBJCaa FOB CABH. ISII
STOVES, RANGES, ETC
B0T1CE. THE DNDEKSIQNED ;
would call tbe atteutlon of tbe publlo to his
jn.w bULir H.AULA j; uitn auk,
This la an eutirelv new heater. It Is an oes I
i tr acted as le at once commeud It.ell to geueral btvor, j
belug a combination ol wrought aud cast Iron. It k
very simple In its construutlon, aud Is perfectly air
tight; sell-cleaning, bavlugmo ilpe or drums tool
taken out and cleaned. It la so arranged with uprigbl
Hues as to produce a larger amount of heat from th
same weight of coal than any furnace now Inns,
Tne bjgioniello condition ot the air as prodnoed bf
my new arrangemeut ol evaporation will at once de
momtrale that It I hi ouly Hot Air Furuaos that
Will produce a perefutly healthy atmosphere.
Tuose In waut ol a oomplele Healing Apparatus
would do well to call and examine tbe Uoldeo Hjtgla
CH A RLMti W I LLI A MB,
Nos. 1122 ana DM HABK KIT btreet.
Philadelphia.
A large assortment ol Cooking Ranges, fire-board
Btoves, Lew Down Urate., Ventilators, etc., alwari
ou band
N. B. Jobbing of all kinds promptly done. I lflj
a THOMPSON'S l,ON DON KITCHENER
A. jf or fcUKOPFAN AaNUK, IWr famillea, hotels,
f or public Insiltullons.lu TWMl'Y Dlk'FKU-h-M'
tilZKH, Also, Philadelphia Kangoa,
Hot' Air Fninaces, Portable Heaters, Low-do wa
Orates, Flreboard Btoves, Bath Boilers. Biew-hol
Plates, toilers, looking btoves, etc,, wholesale and
retail, by the mauulacturers,
retail. jr me uiauu wiApK THOMPSON,
11 Kwfpifim No. N. BKCOJifl Btreet, t
. ii i
CLOTHS, CASSIMERES, ETC.
QOATir.CS I COATINGS I
JAMES & L E E,
HO. 11 MOUTH MecoHU SiTBKkiF,
Sign of the Golden Lamb,
ARB HOW HECEIVlNt HEW atTYLEI OF
FALL AJiD WLNTEK C01T1XUS,
TO WHICH THEY IHV1TB TUB ATTEM
TIOM Or TUB THADE AMU or II K US,
AT WnOLtSALE AKP BKT1IL. mm
BAG MAWOFACTOKY. . " W "
JOHN T. BAILKY
W . . comer ot MilHTij. waTIU HtresBW
Cm1 or every description, ...
Sraln, Flour, Bait. lr-l-hSphi;2i Urns, BOe
Larre and small etrNw r 'ba8 enseuDtiy oa3iaB
ISAM Also, WOOL SwUUaH. "