10
TI1E DAILY EVENING TBLkGRAPII TRIPLE SHEET PHILADELPHIA, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 23, 186&
SPIRIT OF THE PRESS.
MHTOK1AL PINKlUB OT HB LKAIiINO JOURNALS
TJPOH CC KRBNT TOriUB COMriLRD KVKUT
Dat FOB THB KVKNINO TKLEOBATH.
The Last Eight Years.
Frnm the ti. Y. linn.
Eight years ago yesterday South Carolina
promulgated the Ordinance of Seoesaion,
whereby that State dissolved its praotloal rela
tions to the Union. What a volume in the
history of the nation those eight years have
written I Scarcely- any oountry in all time
has passed through so many great events in
o short a period. The very structure of the
Government has been radioally changed. We
have fought out the most formidable civil war
that has occurred since the Christian era.
Four m llions of slaves have been eraanol-
Sated, and a syptem of servitude which had
ominated the politics and dictated the po'.ioy
of the Republic for half a century has been
blotted out forever.
In no department is the change more sen
sibly and seriously felt than in the nuances of
the country. When South Carolina entered
upon this wild crusade,, the Federal Govern
ment and the several States were almost free
from debt. Now, in addition to the thousands
of millions sunk at the South, and the vast
sums wasted at the North daring the Rebel
lion, the Uniou owes a debt of nearly three
thousand millions, while the obligations of
States, counties, and oitiea arising oat of the
same cause towtr to a startling height.
These immenee expenditures and losses
have cast unprecedented burdens upon all
clashes of the people. The price of living has,
on the average, more than tripled, though the
wages of labor, advancing with a slower step,
have only doubled. The inoome whtoh ena
bled one to live luxuriously before the war
will now scarcely suifioe to bring the two ends
of the year together. The poor feel the pinch
ings of a severe poverty, and the man of
moderate means cnu barely meet current de
mands through assiduous industry and rigid
eoonomy. Old men, who by years of toil and
frugality fondly hoped they laid up in store a
sufficiency for their declining days, find them
selves compelled to resume active pursuits
that they may eke out their existence; while
young men, who are now commencing to fight
the life-battle, are learning that they are oiti
sens of a very different country from .that in
which their fathers dwelt whoa they attained
their majority.
In nothing, however, has the great revolu
tion produced such bewildering changes as in
its effect upon the public men of the time.
Statesmen and politicians, whose word ante
rior to the Rebellion had long been obeyed as
irrevocable law in the councils of the Govern
ment and the conventions of parties, have
lapsed into oblivion or wander as fugitives in
their own or foreign lands, with the mark of
Cain on their foreheads. Davis, Sliiell, Mason,
Toombs, Hunter, Stephens, Benjamin, and
their compeers, at whose beck rulers rose and
fell, and parties organized and disbanded
where and what are they now f Indeed, who
cares where and what they are 7 Praotically
they are as dead to-day as they will be on the
opening morning of the twentieth century.
On the other hand, a new generation of men
has risen up to take the seats of those whom
the late bloody convulsion pushed from their
stools. Probably no names are more generally
known throughout the civilized world than
those of Linooln, Grant, Sherman, Stanton,
andFarragut. All have acquired fame since
the firing of the Sumter gun. Linooln was
then entering upon the experiment of seeing
whether an almost unknown politician, from
an obscure Western village, could save a great
republio just plunging into a civil war of un
precedented dimensious. The very names of
Grant and Sherman were unknown to one in
ten thousand of the best-informed citizens of
the Union. Stanton was quietly pursuing the
profession of the law in Washington, while
Farragut was an unheralded captain in the
navy. There is scarcely an intelligent man
now dwelling in any foreign land who is not
familiar with their great deeds, while their
genius has shaped the destinies of their own
country for the last eight years, and will con
tinue to exert a moulding influence upon its
institutions through a long future.
Emerging from this period of great trials,
the Republio, inspired by new ideas and guided
by new men, is prepared to enter upn an
unprecedented career of power and glory.
How Mnch Currency Does the Country
Aeed
IVom the If. T. Evening Foil.
Mr. David A. Wells, the Special Commis
sioner of the Revenue, has obtained from Mr.
George Walker, of Massachusetts, the well
known Bank Commissioner and statistician, a
careful estimate of the amount of currenoy
needed to transact the business of the United
States. Mr. Walker's conclusions are given
in a letter which will be presented to Congress
as an appendix to Mr. Wells' report.
It is pretty generally known that for any
condition and amount of business in a country
there la a certain amouut of money wanted iu
circulation, that exchangss may be car.-ied on
with convenience, and yet not stimulated 83
that trade shall turn into speculation. Money
is but the instrument of exchange; and the
amount of it which can profitably be employed,
like that of any other instrument, la limited
by the amount of work it has to do. The
question, Dow much money does any oountry
need for its trade! has, therefore, a deli uite
answer, and, difficult as that answer may be
to find, it is important to approximate to it as
closely as possible.
When a nation has only a gold or silver
currency, or a currency equal to gold, the
question solves itself. The circulation is
elastic, it accommodates itself to the demand.
If there is not enough of it, it draws more from
the banks or from foreign countries; it there is
too much, the excess withdraws itself by re
demption or by export. Being a valuable
commodity throughout the world, it is sub
jeot, like all others, to the general law that the
demand regulates the supply. But when a
nation has its currency made for it by law, it
becomes a question of first-class importauoe
how much it wants, for serious evils will re
sult from a mistake in the proper amount.
The Government has made a currenoy for
this nation, and there is not yet entire har
mony of opinion on the question whether U
has made too much or too little. Henoe some
are clamorous for more; some are for reduoing
the amount we now have. The first poiut to
settle is, how much do we need 1 and to in
vestigating this Mr. Walker has directed his
efforts with greater suooess than any preceding
inquirer.
Mr. Walker shows that the ameunt of
money needed by any nation depends on many
considerations. Among these are the state of
industry and trade; the accumulated wealth
and the amount of products distributed; the
habits of the people in respeot to hoarding,
and to the use made of bank deposits, drafts,
and other means of eoonomolzng currenoy;
and the amount of wages paid, as well as the
number of the population. Taking these con
siderations together, he makes it very plain
that muoh less currenoy is needed in the
United States, in proportion to the popula
tion, than, or example, in either England or
Jjraocv. i
But the total circulation of money In Great
Britain, apsuroing for both gold and bank
nots the highest probable eatimate, is at most
4C5,00O,0OU, or (15 GO for each person. Tiiat
of France, upon estimates which are above all
probability, is at most (097,000,000, or $18 34
fer sch person, including the immense sums
in private hoards, which are nniversal there.
But the circulation of the United Btates in
18C0 was about (316,000,000, or (11-49 for
each free person. In 1857, when the, paper
money of. this oountry reached its maximum
upon a specie basis, it amounted to
(215,000,000; and that this was in excess of
the needs of the oountry is shown by the faot
that much of it was artificially forced into cir
culation by the banks; that much of it was
used only in reckless speculations; and that
the expansion it iudioated was followed by a
sweeping financial revulsion.
Again, the increase in the currenoy needed
in this country has always been extremely
slow as compared with the inorease In wealth
and population. From 1837 to 1861, bank
notes increased 3f. per cent., while wealth
increased nearly 400 per cent. In Ejgland,
while wealth has accumulated and trade has
grown with unprecedented rapidity for fifty
years past, tie currency has not iuorea3ed at
all. The reanon is that the economies of ex
change, speed, b.iuking, commercial paper,
and all the machinery of trade and of credit
are developed no rapidly that the same money
does many times th work it could bafore.
On the wholoj Jlr. Walker is flattofled that a
note circulation of $300,000,000 Is. at the
most, all that could be maintained in the
United States on a epecle basis by the Govern
ment or the banks, or by both cotubiued. In
this conclusion it seems scaroely possible that
any one who fairly attends to his facts and
arguments can fail to agree with him. It is
the plain duty of Congress, therefore, to devise
some means for ptting rid, as quickly as pos
sible, of from (300,000,000 to (400,000,000 of
superfluous paper money. This is the way,
and, aside from repudiation, the only way, to
specie payments. Any plan for resumption
which does not include some practical method
oi disposing of our present currency, on a
large scale, is imperfect and cannot succeed.
The Necessity of Contracting the Currency.
From the N. Y. World.
The Special Corauaissioner of the Revenue,
Mr. Wells, whose annual report will shortly
be laid before Cougress, publishes in advance,
as an appendix to the same, a letter on the
currencies of Great Britain, France, and the
United States by the lion. George Walker,
late a bank commissioner of Massachusetts.
Reciting his authorities, which, iu the case of
the paper currencies of the several oountries
named, are of course official, and which in the
cate of gold and silver are a fair average based
npon the opinion of the latest writers and
bett judges in nuch matters, Mr. Walker
ariives at the following results:
TOTAL CIRCULATION.
Great. Ilritaln. tYa-tcn. Vnlt'd Stntrn,
Bank votes. t!t.iT0O2o 25i,78J,7iso f.7,ttHi ihk
., Aug lo, IMS. O.t.l.lbSS. Jan. 1,1808;
Gold and ailver
Coin 40,o;o000 700,000,600 200 000,000
Tola! currency
lean coin Indus c'"bfl00 6J7 0000O0 S'fl,0H),O60
Population. SUiMW.OuO S3 IKIO.OU'J 27,600 000
B'k note circu-
lat'n per capita C'6t (U 17 5i
Total curreecy
per bead... IS &U lb at 11-49
Total veRllh...IO,'O0Mii,0GO 20,000,000 nUO
Exports i.nrt im
ports, lktf 1 956 dfir.OOO 1,448.000 000 703,000 000
It is common in discussions of this sort to
make population a measure of circulation.
This is, indeed, an element which may not be
neglected, but is not a basis of comparison,
else what should we say about the Patagonian
tribes, for example, and their need of coin or
paper, compared with their numbers? In the
comparison of the United States with France,
for example, it id of much more consequenoe
to remember that we are, as a people, savers
and users of money, while the French are, as a
people, savers and hoarders. The four hun
dred and Fixty-seven saving banks of FraUcs
in 1804 held of deposits less than $1)0,000,000,
while those of New York alone held more than
$100,000,000.
It is common also to make wealth a mea
sure of circulation. Nor can this element be
neglected; but it is of less consequence to
remember, in comparing what we need of
currenoy with what Great Britain needs, that
the wealth of Great Britain was $30,000,000,000
iu 1&08 and the wealth ot the United States
was (16,000,000,000 in 18(10, or forty billions
to twenty millions in this year of grace, than
the very significant faot that personal pro
perty stood to real property a3 5 to 7 in the
United States in 18 GO, whereas so long ago a3
1845 the ratio was equal and beginning to be
reversed, bo that now the preponderance is
fully established of personal property, which
is most exchanged, and therefore requires
most circulation not ownership, but ex
change, requiring the active use of money. To
reason from Great Britain's uses of our cur
rency to our needs, on the bash) of wealth,
would be again fallacious if it were forgotten
that this very same real property, surpassing
personal property here; but surpassed by it
in Great Britain, consists very largely here
of farming lands, five-eighths of whioh are
unimproved, whilst there it consists in a
greater degree ot factories, warehouses, dooks,
and other highly productive forms of real pro
perty. , Still mure fallacious would such an
argument by comparison be if it were forgot
ten that London id iheoentre of theexoiiangea
of all nations, and that before all other
nations England is a payer of weekly wages.
In a comparison with France, exceptional
facts must likewise be taken into account.
Thus, although her population is one-third
greater than the United States, her bank de
posits are but one-eighth of ours. New York
city alone makes three times the use of this
form of circulating credit that is made by all
France. This single faot is sufficient to ob
struct any argument against contraction drawn
from the larger amount of currency per head
which is used in France, were naught to b
said of her superiority in realized wealth, or of
her foreign trade twice as large as ours.
A comparison cf currencies and of national
condition in Great Britain, France, and the
United States, when made with breadth of
view and intelligence, exhibits the absurdity
of the complaint that the circulating medium
of the Unittd States id insufficient or has ever
been.
The evidence drawn from the history of the
country under a system of free and essentially
unrestricted bank note iaBuet is still more
conclusive. The circulation of the country
could not be carried above certain limits,
whatever the interest of every individual
hanker to enlarge it. Bills having to be re
deemed in coin, the amount floated could not
rise above the amount needed or used, whioh
was at its maximum in 1857, (215,000,000, an
amount far wi'hin statute limits, and mark
ing an excessive expansion of credits, but
conclusive as proof of an absence of any de
mand for more.
Since then our wealth has grown, but our
need for circulation has not increased pro
portionately. Economizing substitutes for
currency have grown faster than either wealth
or population. Deposits, clearing-houses, to
lay naught of the railroad, express, telegraph,
and postal order system, are such substitutes.
In the last twenty four years, the total bank
note circulation of Great Britain has actually
fallen (2,000.000, the highest point touched
a this period being (5,000,000 short of our
highest point, whilst the wealth of Great Bri
tain in the same period has doubtless doubUd,
and the volume of her foreign and domtstio
comrurroe morn than trebled. The name out
stripping is apparent here. From 1837 to 18'Jl,
our bank circulation had grown 3.1$ per cent.,
from (140,000,000 to ('.402,000,000, whil-t in
the period even shorter, from 1840 to 18U0,
our population has increased 82 per oent. and
our wealth 329 per cent.
We refrain from following Mr. Walker, a? he
frames, correctly enough, the full argument
from the facts hereinbefore gathered from bis
pamphlet, to prove that our ourrency is in
excess and must be contracted ere it can pos
sibly be made to equal coin and to mix with it
in the circulating medium. That any each
argument should be needed, and should be
put forth as needful, in a oountry whtoh has
the ample light of the history of two modern
nations to go by, and which more than once
in its own history has felt the curse which
there A. It. C.'s of finanoe show to be upon us
now, is a faot simply disgraoeful to the Ameri
can people disgraceful to her statesmen and
her publicists.
Yet such is the absolute ignorance of the
legislators and guides of the ruling party,
from Senator Sherman,' Chairman of the
Finance Committee, and Mr. Greeley, advo
cate of an immediate resumption of spocie
payments, down to its Kelleys and Forney,
that Mr. Walker's pamphlet, if only there
were the least likelihood of its being read by
them, may be the instrument of good. It
may put them in the way of learning their
letters.
The pamphlet opens with some unscientific
discussion of currency, and au indorsement of
obsolete doctrines held by Lord Overstone, and
it closes with a few pages which show that
Mr. Walker himself has a good deal to learn
in political economy; but neither its head nor
its tail have any necessary relation to the
subject which is discussed in the body of the
pamphlet. Both could be spared and do no
harm to Mr. Walker's conclusive argument
that a contraction of the currency is au indis
pensable necessity.
The sooner Republicans learn their a-b abs
in this business, the sooner we may hope to be
delivered from the present tariff' legislation
which destroys our foreign commerce, and the
present irredeemable legal-tender which con
verts into hazard and cripples in every way all
our domeBtio industries. The beginning is
contraction.
The End of the Indian. War and "King."
From the JV. Y. Timet.
The efforts of the Indian "ring" to delay
Senatoiial action on the bill for the transfer of
the Indian Bureau to the War Department
have been desperate, but they are not 4ikely
to prove effective. The moBt serious of these
the charge that General Custer had attacked
and massacred a band of peaceful Indians in
the late battle on the Washita has already
been disproved by the statements ef captured
Indians themselves, and by not less signifi
cant indications and arrangements found in
their camp. The truth is, that General Cus
ter, in deieatiDg and killing Black Kettle, has
put an end to one of the most troublesome and
dangerous characters on the Plains. Black
Kettle was one of the most active chiefs in
stirring up the tribes to war and on aooouut
of this influence he was one of the most useful
accessories of the "ring," which now so
loudly deprecates his taking off. From the
beginning of the war in 18G4, this Black
Kettle, ot the Cheyennes, aided by Santautu,
of the Kiowas, and Little Raven, of the Arra
pahoes, has been always most active in mis
chief, and it was a fortunate stroke which
ended his career and put the others to flight.
General Sheridan, as early as last Septem
ber, and before preparations for the present
campaign were begun, announoed that he be
lieved the Indians of the Plains meditated fur
ther depredations on the frontier settlements
in order to force a new distribution of gifts.
We had purchased peace in this way so often
that the Indians believed that the trick could
be played again, and doubtless had the "ring"
and not the army had control, it would have
succeeded. But the depredations had no
sooner begun, about October 1, than General
Sheridan was in the saddle and on the march,
lie will doubtless continue to march until the
Indian question, as far at least as the tribes
living near the lines of the Paciflo Railroads are
concerned, is finally and forever settled.
And with it we trust the Indian "ring" will
also be settled by the transfer of the Indian
Bureau to the War Department. For years
the inefiicienoy of the Indian Bureau and
agents has alternately saddled on the country
a futile war or an insecure peace, in whioh we
always paid tribute to the weaker power
either in blood or treasure. It is not to be
denied that the causes of each war, when not
precipitated by the natural contest between the
white settlers and savage occupants of the
Plains, can be clearly traced to the faithless -
Lees of the Indians, or duplicity or inefficiency
of the Indian agents. TLe polioy now deter
mined upon and under execution is entirely
new; the army commander has been com
pelled to adopt it by the miserable failures of
the Indian agents and Peace Commissioners.
and he ought not to be obstructed in its exe
cution by delays on the part of Congress or
unadvised interference by the Presideut. A
permanent peace can now be obtained through
energeuo ana sucoessmi war.
A raiiiumcntary Cumpaipn.
From the iV. Y. Tribune.
Accounts of the Euglish elections teem with
fresh details of rioting, bribery, and that won
derful capacity of toadying to the aristocracy
and bullying the people whioh seams to be
the most enduring, though the least endur
able, feature of the British constitution. We
cannot wonder that none of the workingmeu'd
candidates were eleoted when we see wii.U
what inborn contempt so large a portion of the
voters of both parties treat every evidence that
a candidate has once been disgraced by the per
formance of work of any kind. In America,
the fact that a candidate for the Presidency once
split rails is made of the utmost use by hid
friends iu bidding for votes. They bring an
apocryphal rail, which he is facetiously sup
posed to have split, Into the Convention,
draped in the American flag. The joke id ,
cheered to the echo, ana gives ptqnanoy,
humor, and zest to the canvass. Tanners'
clubs are formed to make votes by the fact
that the conqueror of the Rebellion bad fol
lowed the trade of Cromwell. But in Eoglaud
it is told as a praotloal joke that a saddler who
presumed to address a political meeting was
effeotnally crushed by the oat call, "Sit down,
Belly-band." 'This,' says the London Neu,
"hit him under the filth rib, and hU voice wa
heard in the land no more." This would bi
about equivalent to saluting the Hon. Henry
Wilson, who was once the "shoemaker oi
Isatick," with, "Sit down, Beeswax;" or ad
dressing Mr. Wade, who was onos a cattle
drover, with, "Gee up, bucks, whoa, haw I"
Instead of such barbarism being effectual to
crush a publio speaker here, the blaokguard
who perpetrated it would be lifted out of the
meeting by the members of his own party, as
one who had offended one of the proudest and
most deeply-rooted sentiments of the Ameri
can heart, vis., its respect for work, and its
consequent scorn for that kind of flunkey ism
which sneers at toil of whatever kind. But
In England tha same paper Inforuis us tLst a
most respectable keeper of a chiua warehouse
and pottery shop was dropped on with a simi
lar shot, "Sit down, Jampot." An obaoxious
grocer could not rise against, "Now, Cnrraats,
who tould thee to speak 7" A baker is
branded as a "maker of dog bisonits," and "it
was in vain for him to grapple with soolal aad
politloal problems, for the more he unravelled
them the more his audience barked." A
farmer whose specialty consisted in raising
hens, and who attempted to address an audi
ence on politics, was met by such a clacking
chorus and such a crowing, that he soou
bowed before it and retired. In a country
where saddlers, china merchants, grooere,
farmers, and bakers are thus silenced for pre
sumption, by the roughs and riffraff of a pub
lic meeting, it is not strange that Captain
Grosvenor, au unfledged chick in some brood
of so-called "gentle blood," who has yet to
win his spurs in any line of huuun achieve
nient, becomes the senior of John Stuart Mill
when both are running as candidates for
Westminster on the same ticket.
American audiences may be by far too
polite. They will listen patiently aud without
other manifestation of displeasure than the
abbence of applause, or au occasional call for
the next speaker, to addresses which
often badly need cutting short. But what
would become of au American orator who in
entering upon his speech should be saluted
by seme brawny " 'longshoreman" with "Put
in thy cod's head and shoulders." Yet this
would be the mere seasoning of a Yorkshire
speech. Sometimes the speakers go iuto
these meetings with "scieutilio backers"
men able and willing to bark, hoot, yell, or
whittle down their antagonists, or to lay
gentle hands (mollidr maims imponere) on any
opponent who should attempt to groan,
cackle, or crow in the opposite interest, or
to hurl the germs of British poultry at the
sconce of his own right honorable cau
didate. In case both parties adopt this
salutary precaution, the best blood ef
Britain flows freely at about the cost of the
like quantity of beer. We are told of one
meeting that, "after a long disousslon upon
the Irish Church and its prospeots, they
fought for half an hour." On another occa
sion a dauntless democrat is "engaged (owing
to an inability to agree on the Irish Church
question) in single combat for several minutes
with a highly respected friend of the constitu
tional cause. The farmers, young and old,
hit out, tremendously for Church and State,
as well as for malt aud corn, and they are
generally too many for the townspeople. At
tiawick the border men quite overpowered
the weavers, the original Dandle Dinmont
being able to take two of the 'weaver bodies'
in .his brawny arms, knock their heads to
gether, and then drop them, stunned, for an
other pair." Alas 1 under our system of
universal suffrage (for nearly all this fighting
is done by men who have no votes, and henoe
no other means of striking a blow for
their cause than by breaking the skull
of somebody who has) under our system,
heads, however empty, have acquired a
factitious value whioh prevents their playing
so useful a part in the fight. Lists of the
killed and wounded from all parts of the king
dom are not yet received. It will take as long
to collect them, and they will occupy, if
printed, nearly as many columns in the
Uazttte as would the casualties after an im
portant battle. Hardly any county or borough
was exempt from rioting, and many leading
towns were swept over by successive mobs for
days together, the police and military being
the only parties who were thoroughly subdued
and disposed to let everybody alone. At Bel
fast, the roughs captured the town, and the
candidates fled for life. At Monaghan, the
Liberal ruffians waylaid and shot a Conserva
tive paity. At Blaenaford, Pontypool, and
Aberyscnan, continued and fatal riots occurred,
the towns being for several days contested be
tween a force of four hundred speoial consta
bles and the rioters, the former succeeding in
arresting seventy-seven oi the latter after they
had sacked the inns and other buildings aud
destroyed a number of lives. At Bolton the
soldiers were called out aud the Riot aot read.
At Tipton the Liberal mob bdat and nearly
killed the Conservative candidate. At Newport
the soldiers, in charging on the rioters, ran
through with the bayonet, not only a young
man, one of the rioters, but his mother also,
who was attempting to save his life.
Wigan, in Southwest Lancashire (Mr. Glad
stone's district) contained so strong an anti
Irish mob that its devotion to the Established
Church could only be appeased by clubbing
every man who dared vote for Gladstone and
Grenfell. The Rev. Philip Ilains, the vicar of
the parish, though a clergyman of the Eng
lish Church, had warmly favored the disesta
blishment of that Church in Ireland as fraught
only with evil to the Christian cause and to
the Irish people. For casting his vote for
Gladstone he was beset by this crowd of boors
on his way from the polls, beaten down,
kicked "with their clogs in the usual Wigau
style" until stunned, when his life was barely
saved by two Tory gentlemen at the risk of
their own.
We might oontinue the recital ad nauseam.
Even including the damning atrocities of the
"month of assassinations" which preceded our
late election in the Southern States, where a
race of conquered and rebellious slaveholders
were permitted to vote on terms of equality
and side by tide with a race of unollending
freedmen, the history of Amerioan elections
presents no parallel to the vulvar depravity,
crime, andjlawlessness which)chiracterized the
late contebt in Great Britain. If a change of
Government accomplished or sustained by
successful force be a revolution, England has
been more thoroughly revolutionized than
Spain. Bribery albo was very openly and
generally practised. "The man iu the moon,"
with X5 for every voter who would sell his
vote, was readily accessible iu some back
corner of nearly every borough. Offijes wre
opened for the purchase of votes, as iu New
ioik.iortne sale of certificates ot naturali
zation. Fraud, in a far more manifest
and shameless form thau was practised here,
characterized some boroughs. At a meeting
of the committee acting for Mr. Baales, the
defeated candidate for the Tower Uamlets, it
was alleged by him that two or three hundred
voters were refused permission to vote because
they had forgotten their proper numbers;
others were kept back by the polioe. Mr.
Beales predioted that the rejection by such
means of Mr. Gladstone in Southwest Lanca
shire, of Mr. Mill iu Westminster, aud of him
self for the Tower Hamlets, would ultimately
secure the ballot to the people of England.
Considering that the Tories, who in most
respects correspond to our Democracy, did the
hardest hitting, the strongest drinking, tha
loudest swearing, and the heaviest bribing,
and that by the arrangement of the boroughs
and counties two of their votes go as far to
elect a member of Parliament as three Liberal
votes, the real numerical strength for Glad
stone and progress is much beyond the majo
rity of 107 votes in the House of Commons.
LEGAL NOTICES.
WIIERf.aS, APPLICATION HAS BSEJ"
tuade to tha Uovernornf (tils Comoioowaaiih
for a parUuo fO'Jd AHY MUBKIHUN, duvlotvd Juue
12, lues, ot receiving- alolttu aomiii, publio nolle la
bercby givan at aiKh application IiatIiik bseu
made, jiiawat
IS)'
SPECIAL NOTICES.
t ' ' i i
tV CC'L'f WMTHKft DO is Norcritp
AH ON A H1K(I,VAI(1 AHLKTO jcKMIl 'IKIJ
K.k. ;k HlN. 1 a ttikiiy like arrt th nuiii null
cipI noli and bmuiiliii, U In iminlitfii ly lrKrnt.
IrnDoi arPUl, and Itin jiu, a-Bbi a ft I o l rtnao For
a. It-t,y all JJIUKglBia, K ,V '. A WKIUMT,
I4 No. 4 CHKINur Klreet,
rhui.tu i niuupn pn nip on id
-iy '1 he 1hci,-i oi he B::iino b atiu At an Anns
the UKlfK rU HTH4KT NH.1 Oe will (iv a
Aim Br uii tani.iuDQ LAY 10 inn ewnomr ni
ttelr Day ami hW Ui cclmols, at tha Mlemox
liOTJBh.No. I9 UKDh'ORD KinM. Dinner no ttM
table ai 12 o'clock, lam friends of Ihe M Innlun, an J
all wbo lenl an Imeren In the poor ot that d graded
Bicllon of our city, are i'ur.1 lull Invlt-it to lit pre nv,
Hlnitlug by ibe ejchulum Id Ibe CDapel prevluu to las
1)111 III'!.
t'ot trlnutlors o tnrney, poultry, provhlnns coal,
and cloiblug thankluiiy reci'.rel oy Ilia nudrilKuo I
J nnaveia ottba Mission, for dlatiluulljn among ibo
Sick ana siilWInii:-
i l'WJ.? ?'.,TARDi No- 209 Spruce street.
JACOB II. bITKOM Vt.U N . 1121 Cues nut.
WILLIAM A. M Kl'HUHMI'. No. 7 U .g.
J AHJiH U UHrHAM, N-. 710 B. heoood.
K. A. JOHN. N. F. cor. Fourth and Arcli
OMlHUK MIM.IKR.N.Nn 8M Arob.
RKV. J. P. I,ON(i, No. 6I Urn ford u tc 8t
f-,.- CITY TUF.ASUREK'S OPpToe
1' mi.ADLi.niiA, Deo. 1, lKoH. '
NOTICE. The Ketul-nuou il Interest m ulB
fivri and Blx ier cent, lounx of ttio Uliv of Piitin.
rji lphla due January 1, lUO'J, will be uuld ou huJ
altir tliat date.
I.oauH maturing January, isfi9, will bo nald on
prtni'iitauon, Intercut conning from dale ol
niHtnrlty.
The ordinance of Counclle approved May,
ISbH, directum Hint "nil reiUtlOAlfH of city lornm
aiinil he repimered previous to the paymcainf
me luu rmt, wiu ne smcuy auncrtid to nt ttio
tB nicnt of tlio iulertet due January, 119, to
uoiu reeiaent ruu non-reHKieni lOHn-nniunre,
JOSEl'U N. i'HIlWOii,
12 3 27 City Treawiror.
tAPf" PENNSYLVANIA KAILUOAD.
- 0jnci ok uknkraI, FitaiOHr auent,
JS'O. l.Vll UllKKtT bTKKKT.
PHitAUKLi'iiiA, lecmuor 15, men.
FOTTOK. The rales for Irniiniiorlutlou of and
other Bunmliious Coal to be carried over the Penn
sylvania Kullrond, Wentern Pennsylvania Hullroal
ai (I PhiludHlphla n il Krle lUM-oad, to tike elftct
JaiLaKv i, ii(i9 can be obtajued upon applica
tion at this Ottlce.
H. B. KTNOSTON.
Cteneral l-'reight Agent.
12 IS ISt Pennsylvania lutlmad Company,
HOLIDAY EXCURSIONS.
miJLADELPHIA AND READING RAILROAD
EXCTJRHION TICKETS, AT REDUCED RATES.
BETWEEN ALL STATIONS, GOOD PROM DEO
23 to JAN. 2. 1689, INCLUSIVE. lUlH 8t
CAMBRIA IKOX COMPANY. TH 3
Annual Medina of tha Ktnc-lrhciWInra m th.
Cambria Iron Company will bo held at their olllce.
No. t)CBKWNUT Hireet. Philadelphia, on TUKS
DAY.lhe lum da) of JANUAKV next, at i o'clock
r. M., when an election will be held lor aeven Direc
tors to lerve lor the ensutnt year.
v, . JOHN T. KILLE, Beoretary.
Philadelphia, Dec. 17, W8. l2ladtJ19
rP MEUCANTI L E L I BKAUI.-l
Christinas present mat will never lose Its
value, and win cun-tnuily reca'l the klndnMs of tlin
giver a shire In the Llnrary at (10; or, belter, a I. He
AteabernhlDettH'. Such present will also aid In
completing the be library building. Tobnnadat
the Library. U lttsiviit
rpj" GIAARD NATIONAL BANK.
Philadelphia, Deo. 8. lust.
TheAnnnal Meeting of tho Hiockholders for tae
election ot Dlrei tors and for other purposes will be
held at the Banking Hou on WKUNKHDaV, the
18lh day cf JA UAKY, ItiiiO, at 12 o'clock M.
Tee election will lake place between toe hours of
1(1 A. M. and a P. M. W. U. BOHAFFEK.
12 Swat J la Caibler.
t3yl- PAUMfiUS AND MECHANICS' WA-
. Ph ilauki.phta. December 11, 1 08.
The Anroal Rlecitou for Dl'ectors ot this Hank will
be held at the Bud king House on WKDNEHDAY,
the If h day of Janua y next, between the hours or
11 o'clock A. AI. and 2 o'c ock P jm.
12 11 'lit W. Kuan ION, Jb Cashier
1 SOUTHWABIi NATIONAL BANK.
s-s-y niiLADKLFHiA, December 12 mils
The Annual Election lor Directors of this Bank
will be held at the Banking Houne ou TUKBUAV,
Jai uary 12. io, boiwteu tne hours of 10 o'clock A.M.
and 12 o'clock M. P. LAM It,
12 16wlmtJ12 Cashier. .
3- BATCH ELOR'S HAIR DYE. THI9
-xy splendid Hair Uye Is the beat in the world;
the only true end perfect Dye; harm lees, reliable.
Instantaneous; ne disappointment: no ridiculous
tints; remedies the 111 effects of bad dyes; Invigorate
and leaves the Hair soft and beautiful, black or brount,
bold by all Druggists aud Permmers; and properly
appllbdat Batchelor' WUJ factory, Do, 18 BO. 6
btjeet. New York. 427mwft
(KSf CUSHIONS AND MATTKESSK3
started with finest hair or feathers are sub
ject to mo. h smell, and dirt. Klustlo Hpinge Is not
ouly a more economical substitute, but is subject to
noneot these incouveuleucis, la indestructible and
lis purity almost Immaculate. 8 8 mwf J
MINCED MEAT.
WINCED MEAT.
BIEST IN THE MARKET.
THIS TACT IS BEYOND Qt'ESTIOX. .
The undersigned, a few days since, Issued a
challenge that bis article was the best
MINCKD MEAT
In tbe market.
This has not been accepted, but evaded by
one wbo heretofore has claimed superiority.
JOSHUA WRIGHT,
8. W. CORNER
1IUSEL1-N aud SPMAU URDX Sts.,
rniLAD&LPHIA.
For Balk by ali. Urocefs. 12 15 tf
IVi ORE'S MINCE MEAT!
The Best and onlv Reliable 1 1
NO CHALLENGE NEEDED III
The (Juantitj Sold and Selling the Jiebt
Challenge !
AT MOKE DEFIES COMPETITION!
TO BK HAD OF NEARLY ALL QB0CER3 IN
TH K UI1Y AND COUN1RY. 12 6 17t p
LEGAL NOTICES.
UNIXKI KTATKS MARSHAL'S OPKIRK.
KAbTEUN DISTRICT Otf PENNSYL
VANIA. Philadelphia. Deo. 0. 1868.
This Is to give nonce that ou the olQ day of
Pec mbtr, A. U. 18U8. a warrant In Bannruptcy
wbs turned HgniQst ihe estate of JACOB L.
W ENDELL, o; Philadelphia, In the county of
1'hilaOelphla. and Utate of Pennsylvania, who
bus been aOJudned a Bankrupt on his own pell.
Uuu; that tho iaymentof any debts and delivery
ofiiiiy proverty belonging lo.suou bankrupt, to
him, or lor his use, and the transfer of any
propei ty by him, are forbidden by law; that a
meeting of the Creditors of the aaid bankrupt,
to prove their ui'bts. and to ouoote one or more
assignees ol bis t state, will be held at a Dourt of
Bankruptcy, to be holden at No 630 WALNUT
Hireet, i'hllkdelphla, before WILLIAM MoMI
Cii A EL. E'Qj , Ken inter, on the l'Jth day of Janu
ary, A. 1). IbbU, at a O'clock P. M.
P. O. ELLVf AKEU.
12 9w3t U B. Marshal, as Messenger.
TN IHE COURT OP COMMON PLEAS KOR
-L rhhi CITY AND COUNTY O PJU.1LADKL.
Assigned Fstate of WILLIAM FRY, J. REESE
FHY.aud EDWARD P. PtiY. ' "''
I he Auducrai pointed by the Court to audlt.tsettle.
OS adjust Ilia stouna and final aoouunt ol JOSKPd
A. CLAY, Jasq. and JOHN U ii I I'd HELL, MAq ,
ABKneot V!i LIAU v'RY. J. KUhMSi HIV, an J
KDWAHD P. JRY aud to report d's.rlbutloa of the
balai ce Id tha bauds ol the acouuo. aot. will met the
pwiles iniereeied. for tbe purpote of hi appoint
Uiau', on TUKbUAY. Deoembe- 19, A. D 1-tw t
eleven ill) o'clock A. 11., at his office. No, oe WAL
NUT blitel, iu the city of Philadelphia.
WILLIAM D. BAKER.
12 10 Ml- 111 2 Auulwr.
HOLIDAY GOODS.
W
i i
kdmm; invitations, en waved u
the neail a id le uiauuer. .
LOClo DKKIiA.Ntailooer and Knrrarer, 1
No. lOSDUUKSNUt rHrtMt. !
QHRI8TR1A8 CI FTC
i
BOX KB Ol FINE STATIONARY,
INK an AN IS, a large aoortmeiv
WRITIKG BK-KS, CARD CASE. )
PO.KKr BUOIiH, SCOTCH GOODS
FINE FNOLIIS1I f LAYING CARDS
KN0LH4H KNICK-KNACKS
I) It E K A,
mis itt . io:j3 cil ESMJT Street. I
i
-NUT, KOSHWOOn, MAHOOANY. 'i
Al'IKU-MAl'HH, AND LUU'Hlitt
OLID AY PRS8ENT8I
WRITING DESKS,
A very Ltrsre Assortment, j
Erom $1 fiO to 835 00, j
WALN
1 A 1
EAIK (iAMMIlN IlllAUlM.
POUi'EOLIfH, I
ttCOTCU GOODS,
rtun h, varioiy oi
1'ANCY liiiOHs AND U VM1C-J.
U. HosKINM ,fc CO.,
No. 1)1,1 ARCH S-reot,
HlrrnvESm Open Evenlug.
HOLIDAY Ptt SSEfJTS.i
THE LAItriKT AlORTMNT OT
NlOTttUKAiMI AMUJMS, J
AT TB LOWJCST PRIf'KI TO BK HAD LN THB
CITY.
A vent large ti r'mcnlof
Writing Desks from $1.25 to $25-00,
CARD CAB EH, WORK B -XE3,
BaCKGAUMOX BOARDS, rORTOL.03,
CB EES, DOMINOES, GOLD PE8.
TAILKT3. PLAYIJJ3 CARD, ETC
NEW UA&1ES IS GREAT VARIETY.
J. LIFJCRD.
Ko. 021 gl'lUStt UARDEJi Street,
I211smw6t PHILADELPHIA.
pRESJb'KTS FOll HOLIDAYS
ion JLADIJLM.
A. J. LANDEIl, JR.,
KO. 1S02 CIIESMJT STII12ET,
oilers for sale all the latent styles In
til II - Ol JD I KM.
sLIffKOtt.
jjNj Mam rnAint,
II A JMSO.ll K HMif UESTA,
SVt 1SH ( ARVrn oD!, t. good assortment,
TOWJEJL HACKS,
iajAsTANii.
' .BASKETS.
ETC. ETC ETO.
Also, a flee lot ol my own Importation
UtSAli VLaNM HOI! EMI AM HOOD.
Please tall and examine before you go elsewhere.
Our prices are as low as anywhere In the city,
Ai J. LANDED, JJU,
12 H mwsrpst No. 1302 CHE8NDT SL. Phils.
I-JOLIDAY AND WEDDING
P111SSEN1S.
WILSON & STJiLLWAGEN,
No. 1028 CHE8NUT STREET,
l'lIILADELPHIA.
WATCHES.
JEWELHY, DIAMONDS, BRIDAL SILVER,
MUSICAL BOXES, AND FINE
FRENCH CLOCKS.
All of which we are offering
AT REDUCED RATES. 12171M
HOLIDAY GOODS.
EDWARD OHIilSTMANN
OFFERS A LARGE VARIETY OF FAHCT
ARTICLES,
DUE'. SING CARES,
PERFUMERY,
TOILET REQUISITF8,
CUTLERY, Era ETC
ALL AT THB LOWEST PBICSS.
EDWARD CIIIUSTMANN,
12 161ltrp Ko. 703 CIIKSSUT Street.
T"T fcEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL HOLIDAY
J riUteKMS.
URN. M. A. BINDER'S,
iio. Jo:il ClUEwNDT B.teet.
Dolls, Card Lanki-lti, clsar Cases, Smoking- Caps,
PuitviuonbulPK, Le&ihpr Uouda. Zephyr (Suppers,
Cushion and Tidies, Lr.ce Uuoda It. 'I uread, Uuipure,
CIudv, VsltnclKiirtes, Point App'lqne, Collars. Heis)
and Barcrs, CullJuris. Uaudkexchltsis, Wmte Waists,
Berthas. Chemtoeius.
A beautiful assortment of Fit e Jewelry, new styles,
Jul, Ulll, Pearl, ble 1 Coral, aud Plain Met a.
t Ji talus, NeeklacFH. .Handkerchief Holders, Btuda,
Sleeve Bullous and Biuce nls.
Head Dremes I. r Pnrtlts and Operas.
fine Fans and Fancy f'onds. i
Ribbons. Jouvln'n Kid Gloves, Bridal Vel'S and 1
WreaiLs. French Corbels, Hoop Hklri.
imi pairs very rub. Embroidered tsllppers at f 1 75 i
and 12. I
btoro open eyenin s during holidays. 12 14 12t
QOLD-HEADEDj
!PItl'NTATION CANES "l
AT
TCIUGtiISS Sc CO.'S,
1218 7t4p B. E. Cor 1 KNTH aod CHESNDT BUI.
pOR THE HOLIDAYS.
CHOICE WIMCS, WniPKIES, BRANDIES; IM
POltTfcD ALKs, CHAMPAGNE. CIGARS, Etc., ,
IN LAfeOE Uii B51ALU UUANTIHEd. '
SM'DLK Si CADWALLADL'Ut
12 IS lm 8p No. 03l AIM BI STKKET. 1
CHOICE ARTICLES FOR HOLIDAYS. -AT
J the lllji u Fiiiniihlng btre. No. bH N. MXTF
ftueel, below Arch, may be found a superb atnorl
meat ot Fancy marls. Neckties, Gloves. UanuKel
ctilelH, ItOHiery, etc, which are ottered at very lo'
prices. Mr. JtlOuARD EAYRE. the proprietor, hi
excellent trsie In Hie selection ot his stock.
AIho, his improved bhoulder Heam Pattern Bhlrl
which ha given such uulrersal aal'sfaoiiou. eat b
nieniiuremeut. 12 21 lmSp
CHINA, GLASSWARE, ETC.
USEFUL AND DESIRAOLI
HOLIDAY PRESENTS
LYERY ritlCE A.D VARIETY.
TYNDALE & MITCH ELI
Ko. 707 C1IESNUT STRE
128 mwflmrp
PHILADELPHIA
LEXANDKR O. CATTELL & ?
b. PRODUCE OOMMIKHION MERCHANT?
No. M North wharvju (7
HC HORTH IVATHR BTREET, 4 '
rn i i.j ii hi. iii i.
auxastswi . unsu.
VLUAM OAtX,
! i
1 1