km DAILY EUJNJG TELEG II Arrf f illL AbELPIII A , MONDAY, AUGUST 10, 18G8.
um IK 'this argentine republic
WeglTttetaw several extract from Colone
Barinlenlo'S sew vrorK on tbs Argentine Repub
lic, iwntly translated bj Mrs. Horace Mann:
irricri on caiticTEB or mopli.
, The cuaractrr of the country ha Us usaal
Beet on tbe Inhabitants Colonel SarmtftaU
aj!
When tbe swHtary caravan of watjoos, as It
"a1st(fr,iblj ramf the pampas, halts for a
short period of rest, the meu In cunrg of It,
grouped around toelr acaniy fire, tu.n tlisir
' tjes mrchrnically towards the soa.h upon the
falntrst waispor ot the wind auioni tbe dry
grass, and Raze 1n(0 the deep darkness ol the
night tn search of the sitiWier visates of tha
savage horde, which, at any moment approach
ing unpcrcelved, may surprise them. It nonound
raac ites their ear, ir their sliubt tails to pierce
the Bloomy veil wblch covers ttie silent wilder
ticsr, they direct thrir eyes, beiore entirely dis
missing their apprehension, to the cars of any
hone btandlne within tbe BreiiKht, to see tf
they are pricked up, or tamed carelessly
backward!.
Then they resnmo their lnterrnpfei conver
aation, or put into their months tha Lulf
scorched pieces of dried beef on which tney
nubM. When not tearful ol the approach of
the eavspe, the plainsrum has equal caue to
dread the keen eje of tbe tiger or tbe viper
beneath bis tret, Tula constant insecurity of
lite ouulde the Iowds, in my onin on, stamps
upon the Arectitine character a certain moic il
retiignation to death by violence, wblch 1
regarded as one ot tho inevitable probabilities
of existence. Perhaps this is the rea-iou why
tbey inflict death or submit to it with so much
indiU'erence, and why such cents make no deep
or last, uk impressions upon tne survivors."
GREAT RIVBRd UNUSED.
The great rivers which drain the pampas are
retarded rather as hindrances than in helps by
tho caucbon.
"Thus" (ssjs the author) "the (ountaln of na
tional pro ill, the origin of the early celehrily
of Rgjpt, the cause ot Holland's greatness, and
of tbe rapid development of North Aoiorica, the
navigation of rivers, or the use of cinals, re
mains a latent poer, nnappreciatei by the la
habitants ot the hanks ot tho Ucnnejo, 1'ilco
Diajo, Parana and Paraguay. A lew small vea
els, mauned by Italians and ailveirurera, Bail
np stream from tbe Klata, bat after asccndiu? a
few leagues, even tbia uaviittion entirely ceases.
The instinct ot ihe sailor, which the Saxou colo
nists ot the North possess iu so high a degree,
was not bestowed upon the Spnniard. Another
spirit is needed to stir these arteries in which a
nation's life-blood now lies stuguaut. Of all
thefre rivers, which should bear civilization,
power and wealth to the niot hidden recesses
of the continent, Bnd make of Hanta Fe, Kntre
ltio". Corritates, Cordova, Hal '.as, Tucutnan aud
Jtijul, rich and populous 8'ates, tbe Plata alone,
which at last unites them all, bestows its bene
fits upon the inhabitants of its banks."
THE LIFE Or THE PLAINS.
The life of the plains is thus described:
"Moreover, these outstretched plaius impart
to the liie ol the interior a certiiu Asir.ic color
ing, which we may even call very decided. I
have otteu mechauicallv saluted the moon, as
It rose calmly and brightly, with these words of
Voluey in his description of tne Kuin: 'Lv
plein elune a I'Orleut s'elevait sur un lond bleu
atre aux plaiues rives dc rEupbrate.' Tuere is
something in the Willi o( ihe Argentine terri
tory whicu biingi to mind tbe wills of Asia;
the imagination discovers a lUeness between
the pampa and tbo plains lyinir between t Liu
Euphrates and the Tigiia; some atliuity between
the lonely line of wagons which crones our
wastes, arriving at Buenos Ayres afier a
journey lasting lor months, aud the caravan
of camels which takes it way towards
Bagdad or Suijroa. The wag ns whicu
make such journeys amoiiz us, constitute, so to
Bpeak, squadrons of ltitlc bars?, tbe crew of
Which have a peculiar dre-s, dialect, and set of
cu.-ioais, which distiuguisu them from their
fejlow-conntryuen, jut as th sailor diders
from tbe landBinan. The head of each party is
a military leader, l!ke the chief of au Asiatic
caravan; this position can be filled only by a
man of iron will anl daring to the verge of
rashness, that he may hold in check the au
dacity and turbulence of the land pirates wh i
are to be directed aud ruled by himself
alone, for no help can be summoned in tbe
desert. On tbe least symptom of insubordi
nation, the captain raises his iron chteotc,
and delivers u,ion the mutineer blows
Which make contusions and wounds; it
the resistance is prolonged, before repotting
to Lis pistols, tbe help ot wtiich he generally
scorns, lie leaps lroni his hor?e, graos his tor
midtiblc knile, nud, quickly re establishes bis
authority by his superior skill in handling it. If
any one loses bis life under such discipline the
leader is not miserable for the assassination,
which is regarded as an exercise of leguimat
authority.
'From these characteristics arises in the life
cf the Areentine people the re'gn of brute force,
the supremacy ot the stroneeet, the absolutes
and irresponsible authority ot rulers, the admin
istration of justice without formalities or dis
cussion." THE LIFB OF THE CITIES.
The life of tnu cities affords a great con
trast: "The Argentine cities, like almost all the
cities ot bouth America, have au appearance of
regularity. Ibcir streets are laid out at rUht
auelcs.'and their population scattered over a
wide surlace, except in Cordova, which occu
pies anurrow and conSued position, aud presents
all the appearance of a European city, the re
semblance being Increased by the multitude of
towers and domes attached to its numerous aud
magnificent churches, All civilization, whether
native, Spanish or European, centres in the
cities where ate to be found the niauut'uc'oriea,
the shops, tbe schools aud colleges, and other
characteristics of civilized nations. Elegance
ot style, articles ol luxury, dress coats, and
frock coats, with other Kuropeau garments,
occupy their appropriate place in these towns.
1 mention these small matters designedly. It is
sometimes the case that me only city ot a pasto
ral province is its capital, and occasionally the
land is uncultivated up to its very streets. Tho
enc ircling desert besets such cities at a greater
or lesB distance, and bears heavily upon them,
and they are thus small oases of civilization
surrounded by un until ted plain, hundreds of
square miles in extent, the surface of which is
but rarely interrupted by any settlement of
consequence."
B1CIETT OF THE PLAINS.
There are no nomad tribes ou tho Argentina
plains, Hajs the author:
"Ihe stock raiser is a proprietor, living upon
bis own land; but this condition renders asso
ciation impossible, and tends to scatter 6epirate
families over au immense extent of surface.
Imagine an expanse of two thousand square
leagues, inhabited throughout, but wbeie the
dwellings are usually four or eveu eight leagues
apart, aud two leagues, at least, teparato the
nearest neighbors. The production ot movable
property is not impossible, the enjoyments of
luxury are not wholly incompatible wbh this
Isolation; wealth can raise a superb edirieo in
the desert. But the iuceniive is wanting; no
example is near; tbe inducements Inr making a
great display which exist in a city are not
known in that isolation aud solitude. Inevtttble
privations Justify l aturiil indolence; a dearth of
all tbo auuiiities of life induces all the externals
of barbarism.
Society bas altogether disappeared. There Is
tui the Isolated seil-concentraied feudal family.
Since there is no coilettei society, no govern
ment 1b possible; there is neither municipal nor
executive power, ud civil justice bas no means
of reaching criminals. I uoubt If the modern
world prchtnts any other form of association so
monstrous as this, n is tbe exact opposite of
social organization, the good results of which
nave prepared tbe way for modern civilliation
Ihe Argentine system resembles tbe old Slavoulo
Hloboda, with the difference that tbe latter was
agricultural, and tberefoie more susceptible of
aovcrnmeut, while the dispersion of the popula
tion was not so great as In Kouth Araerioa."
wm . TB CIES BUENOS AYBIS.
To the cities Colonel harmleuto altributes
y hateier ftdyancs has been made m clvilizaviou
me jwuiou uiuuiuipmuy, vuere alt the popula
tion were assembled within an enclosed space,
and went lrum it to cnliivate the surrounding
fields. Tbe consequence of this w . 0tn5
and good government. At present, be says, -
they are borne drwn to tho level of barbarls-n.
01 bueuns Aires he sayn
In 1808 the attention of Eugllsh fpeciijor.
was turned to outh America, and e"Crially
attract) d to Bdcucs Avres bv Its rlvev aud its
irobvbte future. In 1S10 Bueno Ayres was
lied with partizans pf tb revdtrlon, bitterly
ho.-Ule to anything originating In hpmn or any
pt of Europe. A erm of progress, then, was
Mill alive west ot tbe La Plata. The Spauisb.
colonies c ared nothln for commerce or naviga
tiou. Tbe Rio d la P.ata wai ot small Import-.
rice to there. The Spanish disdained It and in
bauk. As time went on, the river proved to
bve deposited its sediment of wealth upon
tbofebank", but very huleof Spanish spirit of
Spanish modes ot government. OommercUl
activity had brought thi ber the spirit uud the
peterel ldas of Kurcpe; tbe ves-eLs whl;h
frfquent(d the waters of tne port Drought
bofksfrom all quarters, and news ot all tti
I olutcal events of ihe world. It Is to b3
observed that Spain had no other-cm-nicrctal
c'ty upon (ho Atlautic coast. The
war with Encland hastened the emancipation
of men's miuds, and awakened among them
a sense of their own importance as a State.
Kuenos ayrei was like a child which, having
conquered a giant, fondly deems itself a hero, ana
ts ready lo undertake greater adventures. Tne
kociai Contract flew front haud lo hand. Mubly
and r'aji.al were the oracles ot the pre-s;
Robe pltrte aud the Convention tbe approved
models. Huenos Arcs thought itself a on
ttnuanonot Europe, and if it did not frankly
confess tbat its spirit and tendencies wete
French aud Korth American, it defied its
fr-'pani."h origin ou the ttround tbat tbo Sp'ioish
government had patronized it only after it was
lull crnwr. The revolution brought with it
armies snd glory, triumphs and reverses, revolts
and rediiions. But Uuenos Ayres, amidst all
these fluctuations, di. placed the revolutionary
energy with which it is endowed. Bolivar
was everything: Ven"Zticla whj but the pedestal
for that coIobmiI figure. Buenos Ares ws a
whole city ot revo'utionikts Belgrano, Uon
drau. Bun Martin, Alvcar, aud tho hundred
generals in command of its armies,' were iti
instrument?: its arms, not its head nor its
trunk."
TIIE "TIGER OF THE LLUNOS."
Not the least intfrpoting part of Cnloncl Sar
mlento's book is tbat which consists of sketches
ot the prominent or notorious chaincters of tho
rtpnblic. If a people is to be Judged by its
leaders, we can hardly form a favorable notion
ot the Argentines. One of those wasQ iirozi,
"tbe t'ger of the Llanos," a short, stoutly-built,
shapgy-headed, vigorous sort of a brute, of no
little ability, wbo won his way upward by bein
quicker, more desperate, and more reckless in
bis acts ot violence than his c mirade?. Ot him
It i related ihnt ho kick.-d out the brains of a
man with whom he quarrelled at play; that he
tore off tbe eats ol a woman he had lived with,
nn1 lnid opn his son's head with an ax Yet
this monster became Governor, in fact despot,
of La Uioja.
CIIA03.
About this tirre, 1S25, the Argentine Renublio
jirc.-ented a singular pie.ure. Says tne author:
"All Interests, all idea-, all pas-dons, met to
gether to create agiumou ULd tumult. Here
was a chief who would Pave naught to do with
ttieiest of the republic; there, a coturuuuity
whote only detire was to- emerge ironists Uola
tion; yonder, a government encaged in bring
lng Euiope overto America; flseherp, another
to which the very name of civilization was
odious; tho Holy Tribanal of the Inquisition
was revivii'g in sonic places; iu oth-rs. lib-rty
of conscience was proclaimed the first of hum iu
rights; the cry ol one party was for confedera
tion; ot others for a central government; waiie
each different combination whs backed by strong
and unconquerable passions."
BARBARISM VS. CIVILIZATION.
One of the reul's of Qmroza's aggressive
campaigns was sufficiently disastrous. It was
tbe defctruction of ileudozt, a city where civi i
zation bad a home and progress was tne rule.
The author says:
"Tbe swamps bad been drained, tho city orna
monted, societies of agriculture, industry,
mines, and or public education ba 1 been toruie J,
ard directed by mtrll'gent, euthu-dastic, and
enterprising men; a manufacory of woollen aud
flax had been e.-tublisbed which furnished cloth
ing for the troop?, aud an army for the making
of swords, cuira-ses, Uncf-s, and bayonets, with
none ot tbe work imported except some parts of
the cannon."
With the presentation of this phase of the
conflict between civilization and barbarism in
the Arucntine Republic, we must close the pre
sent long-exteuded articlf, deterring further
notice until another occasion.
L YELL'S CrUOL OGY.
K IleTlsed Edition Naw Dlicoverls and
Coocluilosi.
The tenth edition of Sir Charles Lyell's "Prin
ciples of Ocolocy," entirely levised, is just pub-)i-hed
iu London. The ninth edition of this
work was published thirteen years ago. In the
interval Ljell has made some new discoveriei
and arrived at new conclusions, all of which
are now set forth In such detail as to make the
"Principles" essemiatly a new work. We quoto
the Loudon Spectator's analysis:
"It will be remembered that in the ninth and
previous editions the subject of the progressive
development of the orgauic life hat bnen pre
sented to the reader, aud that on this, as well
as on tbe causes aud proofs of tbe vicissitudes
of Climate in epochs anterior to t.istory, there
was a good deal of cuieful and elaborate dis
cussion. It may bo well to state at once that
cbapteis ix. toxiii. ot tbe tenth edition, in whicu
these subjects are treated of, are cither re
written or entiiely new, Considerable addi
tlous have also been made (chapter xxvi. vol
li.) to tne discussion on the structure ot Mount
Ktii3, aud several descriptions of recent earth,
quakes, aud new facts Illustrative of volcanic
agency havebwen intro lucud.
"But It is the third book, on the changes of
the orgauic world now in proeress, including
the subject of specie., ixauxmutation, origiu.
distribution, niieiutoi, and extinction, that
most will be found that is entirely new both in
matter and method. S'ich being generally the
distribution of the new matter presented to us
in this edition, there ate also a few scattered
remarks in tne least altered portions of tha
book which are ot an interest that will claim,
lor them special novice.
"With regard lo tho theory of progressive
development treated ot in the ninth chapter, it
may be nsetnl to tke cb the present line of
areument. Recent discoveries having led to
the tracing tack ot tue memorials ot our roue
one step further in.o the pas', it is the ooject of
the author to snow that the evidence In lavor of
'the modem date ot tiio human era, as compared
with tbat ol a vas: series of antecedent epochs,
each of them characterized bv distinct species
of animals and plants,' bas not been shsken.
Aud one main element of the argument appears
to be the similarity of tbe concli'sions which
are arrived at by the separate study ot (1) fossil
plaits, (2) fossil union Is, veriebrutu and inver
tebrate (3 n)mmalti, and by the comparison
of them all. Ihe result of the induction iu thus
stated:
'"We have been fai'lyledby a paliesntolo
gical reseaiches to the conclusion tbat tho
invertebrate uiilmals llourialied before tlis
vertebrate, and that lu the lut'er class ash,
reptiles, tiids, and niamuj'ilm mado th-ir
appearance in a chronological order an ulootis
to that in which they would be nrrauel
y.oolot'ienlly acoordit u to an advancing scale ot
pcrlcc'ion in their organization. In regare to
the mammalia themselves, they have been
divided by Professor 0en iuto tour sub
clasfets by n-leteueo to modifications of their
brain. In the two lowest, called Lvencepbala
atid Lissencei hala, are included marsupials
and inerctivora aud these have beeu
met with fossil in tbe recondary
rocks. Next above them in grade
are tbe G wenccpha'a in which Cetaceans,
I'robotcldiuus. Kurniuaots, Carnivora, and
Qcadrumaua rc classed, all of which are found
foil in tertiary sfrita. Among these the
Quadrumana rtnk bigtiet, and tue Autnropo
uiorphons family takes tbe lead In orani.a'.irn
and liikticct among the Quadrumana, coming
also lust in the oider of time. To crown the
whole, the series ends with the fourth great
aub-clase, the Archeocephala, of which nixn is
the sole representative, and of whlcli the roosll
frmalns havii no yet been ddtrc'ed In deposits
older than tne post-'ernary.'
"It Is nddert that th human specie bpinir the
most coitmof olite and csp'ible of surviving vl-.
cissttudes in climates and change in phys cat
geouraphy anioiia-all the mtmnial a, It mlrtit
have been eipected that vesUges ot "it wouM o
traced bsck as far "& those of any existing
species. It must also te remember l that works
of art composed of tndestruotiblo .matrr ials
would outlast almost all tbe o-gn c co n pounds
ot rodimcutwrv rocks. And it eenis to ba a
fair a'sump ion thnt tbo rcisoninz poers,
which are tbe main disilnnu'shing coflrsctrlstio
of the human specie-, would n' ceslta'-o the co
existence of some works of art. ith vry en t.y,
If not whh the very ear nest, soeclmens of the
fiecies so dMinirnisbed.' There Is also a poiut
of no la s slgnittcance no w than In tho tituf of
Anaxtmanoer, viz., tbat the protection of roan
from other ipecies of equal number and of
greater strensrth depended on hi renson, and
not on physical uperioru.y, as -h is uy no iuuhus
clettrtbat the ('reanizatlon of man is sucti as
esld con'er a decided pre-eminence upon mm,
If in placo of bis reasoning powers he was
Bercly provided with such inttiucta as are
posjesed by the lower animals.'
"An objection is siiudon to wnicn h woui i
not bcriabt to pas over, but wblch appears to
admit of a satls'actory reoly, namely, rhat tic
interiercoce of tho human species ratgtit bo
iboti&ht so wide a deviation iroui tbn antece
dent course of physical events, that tne know
ledge ot such a tact would tend to detroy ail
our confidence In the tmiformitv of the order of
nuture, both in regnrd to time past and future.
Oiher cb i. nee 6 equally extraordinary might
happen Irotn time to time. But 'we have no
reaou lo suppose tbat ben man first b'came
master of a small part of the trio be, nereu'er
change took place lu its physical condition than
is now expenencea when districts never octore
liihabied become mccesively occupied by new
settlers;' and accoraingly 'we may suppose tho
geucral condition of the globe immediately
beiore and alter the period when our species
fiist began to exist to have beeu tbe saaie, with
the exception only of man's presence.
VICISSITUDE OF CLIMATE.
"An interesting tact Is introduced in the tenth
chapter bearing "on the proof of great vicissi
tudes of climate. Tho fact of the preservation
of atiimnl and vegetable substances bv incarce
ration in ice is well known, and bas ot late years
beeu practically tested in connection with acci
dents among the Alpine glacier. The same
cause bas been tbe means ot preserving ia Rus
sia nnd Oioeria many skeletons of mammoths
retaining the skin nud bair. And the preserva
tion ot these animals has a double interest, in
that it not only gives specimens of species of
great antiquity in a comparatively good state
of preservation, but the circumstance that
the sou parts of tho auimtil have re
mained undeconposed proves tbat the ice or
concealed mud in whicn tho bodies of such
quadrupeds were enve.opcd hs never odco been
melted since the day when they perisued. It is
enrious tbat the heads ot most of them arc said
to have been turned towards the riouth. In this
chapter, also, facts are adduced to prove that
there I evidence on the enst coat of England,
as aUo in Switzerland, of two glacial period,
with an intervening period cf erea er waimth,
which must have been ot considetuble duratiou,
if we may fudge from the thickne s of tbe beds
of liunite for the foruiatlou ot which it gave
time.
"We will not do nu.re than allude to the dis
cussion ot the effect on the climate of the earth
produced by astronomical causes, such as the
proeesston of the equinoxes and variations in
the exci ntricity ol th i esrih's orbit, because the
tubject beinc now introduced lor the first time,
it would be impossible in the space at our dis
posal to give any adequate idea of the question.
But it must he meutinued in parsing that a
menuir by Mr. J. Croll, published in 18U4, is
discussed, and elicits our author's reasons
lor differing from him in some material
points; and that a t tb'e is inserted showing tbe
excentrctty of tho earth's orbit at intervals of
60,000 je;irs, calculated up to 1,000,000 jears
beiore 1800 A. IX; Knd tbe corresponding
number of winter days in excess of the
summer days (the winter dys being
counted Uvu ibo eavtH wa at the part
of tne orbit furthest from tbe siln, and tbe
summer when at the other extreme), and tho
conespcndiner mean temperature of the hot
tet and coldest months taken under tike same
circumstances. Without golne Into the details
of the discussion, It may be interesting to our
readers to know that in one line (that tor
850,000 jears beiore 1800 A. D.) the variation of
tenipeiatnre between tboso two months is stated
as 133 degrees Fahrenheit, the mean tempera
ture of the lottest month being 120 degrees
Fahrenheit, or ti-4 decrees above freezing point,
and thatot the coldest month 7 degrees Fah
renheit, or 39 decrees telow lreezlna uoint. It
is suL'arsted that tor various reasons a proba le
period in whicu we may suppose that the incur
ceratiou in ice mentioned above may hvo
taken place would be from 200,000 to 210,000
uurs before 1800 A. 1)
'A most interest iug account is given, accom
panied oy au eneraving of the earth pillars at
Kitten, in the Tyrol, near Botzn, illustrating
the eeogrupbicai effect of rain as dis lueuished
from ruunirg water; aud iu connection with the
geological action ol glaciers, both in Switzeilaod
and Scotland, an account is inserted of the
llariclen Kee, near the great Aletsch Glacier, a
lake which is periodically drained by changes
in tne iniernai structure or tne glacier.
TUE MOCTnS OP THE MISSISSIPPI.
"A phenomenon is notices ns occurring at the
raoulhs of the Mississippi, which Sir C. Lyell
says is without parallel, as fur as he is aware, in
the delta ol any other river. The muddy bot
tom of the sea off the mouths ol that river rises
up to the height of sometimes ten or eighteen
leet above the level of the sea. and from the
topsot these new-made Islands gush springs of
salt or DracKisii and muddy watei, together
with a considerable quantity ol carburetted
hydrogen or inflammable gas, the tubular cavi
ties up which tbe sprines rise being about sit
inches in diameter, vertical, and as regular in
lorm as it norea oy an aucer. The following
account of the origin ol these lumps is Interest
ing, as compared with an analogous phenomenon
noticed below:
" 'The inltinry moving power may probably
be derived Irom the downward pressure of the
gravel, sand, and t edimeut accumulated durn g
me noou season on ine vsrious mouths or passes,
upon a lieldiusr bottom of flue mud and sand.
This new deposit forms anuuullv u muss of no
less than one mile square, having a thickness of
iwemy-seven icet. n consists of mud, coarse
tanu ann gravel, wuu-n the river iets tail some
What abruptly when it first comes In coutuct
with the still suit water of the gulf. A cubic
niiiss of such enormous volume and weight
thrown down on a louiul.itiou of yielding mud,
consisting ol materials which, as being very tiua
and impalpable, Lad loi g beiore heen carried
out farthest from tbe land, may well be couceiyed
to extrt a do n ward pressure, capable of
displacing, squeezine, and forcing up literally
some parts of the adjoining bottom of the gulf,
so as to give riso to new shoals and islands.
Railway engineers are. fumiliar with tbe swell
ipg up ot a peat moss, or the bed of a moras?,
ou some adjotnitg part of which a new em
bankment has born constructed. 1 saw an ex
ample ot this in the joar 183'.). in the Loch of
ltescobie, in Forfarshire, lite miles etist ot the
town ot Fonar. That lake had been partially
drained, and the ru-Uay mound was carried
over newly cxpoted, solt aud swuinpy
ground, which gave way so as lo lee ihe
mound Biiik down fii'ieen Icet. It then
become necessary to pile up additional
niHiter fifteen feet thick in Older to obtain
the required level. Ou oms side of tha
embankment, tbe bo? when I visited the pl.ice.
had swoilen up in a ridge forty feet loug and
eiiht teet high, the upper portion consisting of
peaty matter traversed by numerous willow
roots. In tne highe-'t port of this upraised
niass were several irregular cracks about six
feet in their greaUbt width, aud open for a
depth of two vaids or more. On tho opposite
side ot the railway mound, and about one ban
, dred jards distant from it, In the rnidJlo of
I wbat remained ot the half-drained loch, a new
' Island or 'mud lump' was seen, which hud begun
to n-e slowly la 1837, and bad attained before
1 1840 a he gbt of tevcral yards, with a length of
! about one hundred feet, and width of twenty
I tie leet. It was still btrewed over wlti dead
! freh-water mussels aud other shells, but many
luud plants bad already sprung up, so tbat ita
suilace ws green, '
"Wb need fo'el'io iurorisn at the quantity of
r a-eous mutter disengaged from era' ks in these
newly ried islands, when wo recollect that
almost averj where In Eurote, where n success,
ful Artesian boring bas betn made, the water
at first fpouts up to height Jar Dejonu inai 10
which it would be carried by simple bydrostttic
pressure. A portion of tbe piopelltng force
ususily corrects of atmOsphsrio air and carbonic
acid gas, which laH Is generated by the decora-
postlitnot animKl and vcseiaoio Dinner, ui
ihe lntter (herw must be always a treat store in
the recent deposits of a delta like tbat ot the
Mississippi, as they pncto?e mucn nnu limner
at all depih", and the pent-up gaseous matter
will be ready lo escape wherever tbe overlying
impervious days are upheaved and rent."
SHIPPING.
12X)K KOaTUS-VIA KKWPOBT AND FA LI
J AilVKU.
The HOo'l ON and NEWPORT LINK, by th splen
did and superler steamers NKWl'ORT, MKTRO-l-OLH.
OLl) C'OLONV, a1 KMPIRsl HTATK. of
jrenlntrennth and speed, ounR'meted expreasly for
ihe iivIki1oii of Lung IMand Hound, runiilhj la
connection with the OLD COLONY AUD NW-
KA 1 IjKOAD,
Ive PIKU 2. NORTH" RIVER, toot of MUB
BA Y tstreei.
The Btemner NEWPORT, Captain Brown, leave
llotxtsy, W'ednetday, and frlday,al i P. M., landing
at Newport.
Ihe Hteamer OLD COLONY. Captain Simmons,
leaves Tuesdny. Tliurnday, aud Balurday, at
iBDoing at rsewpork
Tlit-se mramera are fitted op with ootninodlons
state-room water-Unfit compartment, and ever?
arrangement for tlie seenrlty and comfort of paasen-
rs, who are afforded by tlda route a night's nwtoo
board, and on arrival at NKWrUK'f proceed per rail
road again, reaching Boston early on the following
tuomlng.
A bangnge master Is attached to each steamer, who
receives and ticltt-u the baggage, aud accompanies
tbe same to Ita Uesliuatlon.
A steamer runs in connection wiin tins line oiwetn
N KW PORT and PROVIDKNUK dally, bundays ex-
otped. .. .v .v. .
b rel nl w mmwu . ua muiq nmn m oy
any other regular line, and forwarded with tbe great
est esredltlcu bv an express train, which Inavea
NKW PUlt l every uiuruuiK inunuuji eiw)ii, at i
n'i...b l..r RuHlun and New Bedford, axrlvins at. Ha
A BhiUlt 11 A. M.
uij'iiiiiiiiyi 1- K . .
For frelgnt or rafs"K'-Li'i',J',J"f, ""ru, or tne
oftlee on PIF.K 23, Num it i v ut, ior ntate-ronms
and bertbs apply on ooara, ur u n is ueoirauie u si
cure Ihem In advance, at-ijlw, jEFTKLI Am
1X1 WO,TBIUMUAir .nw lort.
Ci A PET Y. SPEED, AND COMFORT
O KUKTHEK REDUCTION IN PA&4AUJI
Favorite passenger steamers ot the ANCHOR LINK
sau every isa i utuiA x wiin pas.eugeis tor
U.Viti'i'OOL, ULASUOW, AND DKRRY,
From Pier No. 20 Norm Klver.
Rates of nasif uai able In currency.
To Liverpool, ulafgow, and Dorry, cabins fw and
fo, accoraing to itcaiiun.
F.zcurslon tickets, good lor twelve months, 1180,
Intermediate, fVi; Meerge f-s.
Prpnuiii cnrtltinu-a l-om thuie DOrtS, (.15.
Passengers booked to and front Hamburg, Rotter
dam, utwerp, Havre, etc. at very low ral.
Kor further Irtormatlod apply at the Company's
Olllce, No. 8BOWHNO OKSKN. New vorir.
To avoid Imrosltlon, paHsengers will please come
direct to tbe otllco, as tbls Company does not employ
runners. zzor
T ONUON AND KEW YORK 8TEAM3UIP
O-i LINK
Passage to London dlreot,fll0,75, and 30 currency.
Kxcursluu tickets at reduced rates available fur 6
nionius.
Al A LANTA.
BKLLONA.
CELLA.
WM. PKNN.
Freight will be taken and th rough bills ot lading
given to Havre, Aulwerp, Rotterdam, Ajnsterdam
aiiH TllltiWIrk.
Fcrp-sBBge anply to ROBERT N CLARK, No, M
For frtlgbt apply at No. H SOUTH street, H. T,
S26tl HOW LAND A AHl'INWALL. AgenlA.
CtUNARD LINK OP EXTRA STEAMERS,
J Bi-TVVKfcN NEW YORK AND LIVERPOOL,
CAl HiNU AT nuisEnsiuwn.
FROM NKW YORK EVERY WEDNESDAY.
TRIPOLI, ALEPPO.
KATES OF PASSAGE:
Cubln M fRO Gold.
Bteerage..- .........-!S Cu rrency
tsteerage tickets from Liverpool or Queeustowo at
lowest rates.
For Freight and Cablu Passage, apply at No. 4
Bowling Ureen.
For bteerage Passage, apply at No. 69 Broadway.
2 2f E. CDNAKDi
o
KLY DIRECT LINE TO FRANCE.
THE GENKRA L TRANSATI A NT TO COST PA NY'S
.MAIL M'l IVA MBfll AT a w AWiv miwtt1 UUik
AND HAVRE, CALLING AT BwEHT.
The splendid new vessels on this favorite route for
the Continent will sail fxoin Pier No. fid NORTtf
River:
NAKjLKON.. . Lemarle
PS KE1KK.... DuclieHne
V1L1.E DE PAlUtt. Hurmont
bT. LATJRENT.......................-................Bocande
PRICE OF PASSAGE IN toOLD (Including wine).
rirst Cabin, 160 or tlse; Becond Cttbln,t85.
TO PARIS,
lDClndlng Railway Tickets, furnished on board.
First Cabin, lii5 or 14o; Hecoiid Cablu, f8.
Thrt tteaniert ilo not carry lUei-ugepwttenyert,
Med leal attendance free of chance.
American travelers trolnur to or returning from tbe
Continent of Europe, by taking the steamers of this
line, avoid unnecessary risks from transit by English
railways and crossing the channel, besides saving
tuue, trouuie, ana expt-nnn.
faEO. MACWENZrE. Agent,
2 2t No. 68 BROADWAY.
LIVERPOOL AND GREAT WESTERN STEAM
COMPANY.
t he following FIRST-CLAPS IRON STEAMSHIPS,
built expressly lor the New York trade, are Intended
to sail regularly between NEW YORK aud LIVER
POOL, calling at QUEEN SJl'OWN, viz.:
MANHATTAN, MINNESOTA.
COLORADO, NEBRASKA,
with other first-class steamers building.
From Pier No. 87 Eat River.
Cabin (the accommodations being equal to any At
lantic steamer), fvi. gold; return tickets, 160,gold; in
steeruge, f26, currency.
Tickets to bring out passengers from Europe can
be obtained Ou reasonable terms. For freight or pas
sage apply to
WILLIAMS & GTJION, No. 71 WALL Btreet.
For steerage passage to 2 2S t
WILLIAMS fc GUION.No. 29 BROADWAY,
INTERNAL REVENUE.
PRINCIPAL DEPOT
FOB Til fiALB Of
UNITED STAKES REVENUE STAMPS
I-Io- 304 OIIKSNUT BirmtJ
(JEN TB Al. DEPOT
No. lOS Bouth FIFTH Sty
I Que door below Obesnut street),
iBTA13L.I8IIKD 1800.
' ortr stock comprises all lae doaomlnfttlosr ml at
j by the Government
ALL ORDERS PILLED AND FORWARUXD BY
' Mail OR EXPHEbb lAXMEDIATiUiY UPON RJs-
CEIPT, matter of great importance,
Draru on Philadelphia, Post Office Ordm. Breeiv
Dacks, ud National Rank Notea. reaelved In payi
lutuU Ihe following rattw ol ooouuWIoa are Allowed
On 2a.......M..M -M..TWO PJTR CENT
From V lo 1W... - ...rOURJ Ptit CENT
from 1U0 upwarda..MFOCK M.SXD A HALS' 4jttt Ot
The Commission Is payable In ihuiM.
Ail orders, eto., should be addrsuaed M
aTAJHP AUENCT,
No. SO-eV OIIE8NUT Street; '
fhiladlphIa orders rkcerved for stamped checks,
PRAtTH, RECElPId, HILL HEADS, Eld,, and Ui(
beat aies of commbwloa allowed.
We hve conitantly on tuuid
tJNITlD BTATES POSTAGE BTAKP8 OJT AIX
KINDS, AND
. SHIPPING.
ffWTBTEAM TO LIVKKrOOL, CALLIXO
i i.m inuian Line, tinner ceutrac wiin inn ukiito
tltaiea and British UOverouienUi,' for carrying U
Mai.
CITY or BALTIMOa.-..8atiirday'AogasH
t IT Y OK liuslO- isaturday. Aun-lW
Kl N KJS'tt Hatlfai) ..Tiiesday, Augii'l H
CITYV ANTWKHP. Hatnrday, August i I
u i Y i)f ,AKJt..J....M.natiirday, Heoi'mfpr
CITYOF WA.-HINuT'ftvla llaHa) lud'y.tsep.
CUT OK LONDON Hntnrday, SMptnit nl
and each snaerdlng fsatnrday and alternate Monday
at noon, from plet No. sa NOHTH Hirer.
jsates or prexage by tbe Mali steamer BAlLINtt
EV RY SATURDAY .
Payaole la Gold. ' I Payable lo Currency.
First Oahln....., im Eteerage.
, , to London I on I - to ixnooo.M. m
" toPrl.. 1 is) " to l'.rls....m If
PasaavAtiv tha Mnnita at'amers: Cabin. Sju. Bold:
Steerage. IDS, currency. Rates ot pa-nagn from New
York to Halifax Cabin, fac, Hteragn, 1 10, In gold
Paisengers also forwarded to Havre, Hamburg. Bre
men, eic., at moderate rates. Htenrage passage trots
Liverpool or Qureustown, II". currency. Tlekem cat
be bought here bv persons sending lor tbelr rrl'nds.
For further Information, PPtV at the Company i
No. IS BROADWAY. New York.
Or,
1ZS
CDOJNNEI.L KAULK, Managers,
A' ivAuiJJJ xc r n i nui au itiiHTTi ,
No. 411 CHKHMUT Street, Phlla.
Fj,- NORTH iUEKICAN 8TE4MSII11
COMPANY.
Vbioa&b X.lse to California via Pastmt
Kallrcad.
NEW ARtANUEMENT.
Falling from New Yo k on tbe stn And Kith of
FV'KRY MONTA.or the day beiore when uieae data
tall on Sunday,
Postage lower than by any other line.
For Information address .. . . '
D. N. HARRINGTON. Agent,
Pier Ne. NORTH RIVER, New York,
Or -1HOMAH R. SKA RLE,
No. 117 WALNUT htrttet, Philadelphia. PA.
W. H. Vi'KRH, President. OHAS. DANA, Vlce-Prea
Onice (4 EXCHANGE Plac-. New York. S aa
rASSAOK TO AND PKOM GSBAT
bRllAlN AND IRELAND
iii olEAMOUlP AN O SAILING PACKET,
DRAFTS AVAILABLE THROUGHOUT BNl?
LAND, IRELAND. bCOTLAN D, AND WALEa.
For particulars apply to
TAP-CO n, BROTHERS A CO.,
NO. 86 SOUTH Street, and No. 28 RROAKWAY,
Or to Till MAS T. b R A RLE,
11 Nj.217 WALNUT street.
NlalV I VD1H?VU I K'P Tit II IT
.andria. l-org-town. and Washington
D. l. . via Chtaauvake aud Dataware canal. sitLh nnn.
nectlonsat Alexandria from the most direct route
lor Ly ncunnrg, ntisioi, Jinoxvuie, Nasnvuie, Dalloa
and the buutliitt-at.
bttamera leavt regularly every Saturday at noon
irum unt wnarr a -vb jnaraet itxeeu
f reight received dally. ...
WM. P. CLYDE A CO.,
No, 14 North and isiiiih W bar vea,
J. B. DAVIDSON. Acentat UsoniMuwn.
M. ELD RIDGE dk Co., Agents at Alexandria, Vir
ginia. . i
.fe fc1 rll'l, L-itI m PUT vi.T- v-rr .
TT i- - ivu ix r. xi ihiuy, via
The bleam Propellers of ibis Hue leave DAILY
from first wharf below Maraet streer,
THROUGH IN 24 HOURS.
Goods forwarded by all the lines going out of New
Yc r. Ni-nh, East, and West, free ot commlulon.
Freights received at our usual low ratea.
WILLIAM. P. CLYDE & CO., Agents.
; . Wo 14 w- WHARVES, Philadelphia.
JAMES HAND, Agent, ' 8n
No. lis WALL (Street, corner of South. New York.
PHILADELPHIA, HlCJflMOND
biuna. AND NORFOLK STEAMSHIP LINE
'lixRutUAt FREIGHT AIR LINE TO THE
BUIIU AJMU w .a t .
EVKRY S4TI1KIJAV.
At noon, from FIRST WHARF above MARKET
BlrteL
THROUGH RATES and THROUGH RECEIPTS
to all points In North auu Sou.h Carolina, via feea
board Air Line Railroad, conceding at Portsmouth
and to Lyuchbnrg, Va., Tennessee, aud the Weal, via
Virginia and Tennessee Air Line aud Rlcumond and
Dnuvllle Railroad.
Freight HANDLED BUT ONCE, and taken at
LOW ERRaTKS THAN ANY' OTHER LilAiS.
The regularity, safely, and cheapness of this route
commend it to the public as tue moat desirable me
dium for carrying every description ot freight.
No charge for commission, dray age. or any expense
m trausier.
Bteamsblps Insured at lowest rates.
Frttght received dally.
W 1LLIAM P. CLYDE & CO.,
No. 14 North and bnuih WHARvltf).
W. P. PORTER, Agent at Richmond and City
T. P. CROWELL A CO.. Agents at Norfolk, a 1
r nmN FOR EW YORK SWIFT-SUBE
airtirrtfiiiUTr",''r'"'''''" Company Dmpatck
m u owi.i-sure tAueo, via Delaware and Rarltan
Canal, on and after the Istb of March, leaving dally at
12 M. and fi P. M connecting with all Northern and
Eastern lines,
For freight, which will be taken on accommodating
terms, apply 10 WILLI A ul M. ItAIlUJ A CO.,
i if bio, ita p. utLAWAKit Avenue.
STEAMBOAT LINES.
Fr BRISTOL LINE
BETWEEN KEW TORE LVD BOSTON,
VIA BRISTOL.
poi providence, Taunton, new Bedford
CAPE COD, and ail points of railway cou.uiunlca-
uvu, xkob auu
The new and splendid steamers BRISTOL and
f JlOVIJJJiJNCiS, leave Pier NO. 40 NORTH RIVER,
loot or canal street, adjoining iebrasses Street Perry
New York, at 6 P. M daily, enndaya excepted, con'
netting with steamboat train at Bristol al 4 a. M.
arriving In Boston at S A, M.., In time to connect with
all the morning trains irom that city. The most d
straole and Pleasant ronie to the White Mountains.
Travellers for that point can make direct cjnaee
tlons by way of Providence and Worcester, or Boston,
btate-rooma and Tickets seemed at olllce en pier la
rew i ore
8 1 6m H. O. BRIG OS. General Manager.
F O It
CAPE MAY",
On TUESDAYS. THURSDAYS, an
The splendid new steamer LADY OF THE LA RE.
Captain INGRAM, leaving Pier 19. above Vine
street, everjr lurauw, mursuuy, ana outuraay at Sis
a . ju... iuiu imuimui iruui vape juay on Aionuay,
FaE. Wio, Including Carriage Hire.
BervaiitH...tl'Oo, " 11
Childreu....l,.5, "
beasou Tickets. I la Carnage Hire extra.
The Lad v of the Lake la a line sea-boat, has ba.,.
some state-room accommodations, aud Is Utted up
with everything necessary lor the salety and comfort
ui passengers. vr- ii. nuunaiju,
CALVIN T AUU ART.
OOlce No. 88 N. DELAWARE Avenne. :mt
mjfirT. PHILADELPHIA AND TEEN
aaiiSr n lfiaiT!U""l Is tea in boat Line. The steamboat
iuniA A URREST leaves ARCH Street Wnarl, for
Burlington, itriaiol, Florence Bobbins' Wharf, ana
wuite jini.
Ixrvm Arch Street Wharf I Leaves Bonth Trenton.
baiurday, Aug. S, P.M Saturday, Auir. S, !i P.M
bunday. August V, to Burilugtou, lirisiol, and inter.
mediate landings, leaves Arcn street whart at o A, Ja.
and ir.lt.: leaves Bristol at KiX A. M. and 4X P. M
Monday, Aug. lu, 6,', P.M ; Monday, Aug. 10, S A.M
Tuesday, II, 8 A.M Tuesday, ".11,10 A.M
Wed'day. ' 12, 6' A.M Wed'day, " 12. li5. A.M
IburBday, " IS, 7 A.M I Thursday, ".la, 11 A M,
Friday, "14,8 A.Mlriday, "14,12 M.
Fare to Trenton, 40 cents eaun way; Intermediate
places, nenta. tu
FoK CriESTEH, 11UOK, AND
ELwatAaSSa WILMINGTON At 8 80 and V 60 A. M,
The iukiuM 8, U. FELTON and ARIKL leave
CUEtNUT Street Wharf (Sundays excepted) at S 88
ana S'60 A. M., aud Ktll P, M., relarnlng leave Wil
mington at 6'SO A . M., U-t), and 8-S0 P, M, Stepping at
iitphier ana iinoa eacn way.
Fare. lunniiLs lieiween all nolnbr.
Excursion tickets, 16 cent, good to return by either
ooat. o s ti
OPPOSITION TO TIIE COM
aft,
BIN ED RAILROAD AND RI EH
N..,U1-
sjuau.er JOHN SYLVESTER will make daily
UL1.
excursions to vn iiuuiikiou puiituyn excepted), toucn
lug at Chester aud Marcus Hook, leaving ARCH
Street litu f at 10 A. M. and 4 P. LI., returulug, leave
vv I'luiDvn r at 7 a- ot. nun i jr.
Light freights taken.
. L, W. BURNS,
88tf Captain.
DAILY EXCUHSIONS. TUB
splendid steamboat JOHN A. WAR-
leaves CHESiNUT Street Wharr, Phllada., at 1
o'clock and 8 o'clock P. M., for Btirlington and
Bristol, touching at Rlvertou. Torrei'lale, Andalusia,
and Beverly. Returning, leaves Bristol at T o'clock
A. M. and I P. M.
Fare, ib cents each way: Excursion 40 eta.
CORN EXCHANGE
RAG MANUFACTORY.
JOHN T. BAILEY A CO.,
BRUOVKD TO
N, E. corner ot M REE T aud WATER PtroeU,
Philadelphia.
DEALERS IN KAIW AND BAGGINO
Of every description, for
Grain, Flour, Bait, Super-Phosphate of Lima, Bono
Dust, Etc
Large and small GUNNY Bags constantly on hand.
t ?4l Also, WOOL SACK St.
li-iin T. Bait.ht Jammw Casciarkw.
I L L 1 A M B. G It A N ,
COM M Ir-SION MS.RCH ANT,
Sit. 8 8. DELAWARE Aveuue, Philadelphia,
. AUKNT FOR .
Pupnnt's Gunpowder, Refined Nitre. Charcoal, Eta,
W. Raker A Co. ' Chocolate Cooo. e'ld Brouia.
Crocker, Brpa.fc u,,-, yellow Metal BUwUiiIng,
Bulla and aili, W
MEDICAL.
IlfiFORTANT TO 1OTAUDS,
IRON IN THE BLOOD.
A PERMANENT TOHIC,
WITHOUT ALCOHOL.
III. AI.T1I VOIX TIIE HICK,
STEENGTH TO TIIE WEAK.
VIGOR FOR THE FEEBLE.
THE PERUVIAN BYRTJP, a Protected Soht
tion of the Trotoxide cf Iron, strlk ftfl At thA
of disease by snpplylug Uie blood with ita
VITAL riUNClPLE OR 1.IFE ELEMENT,
litUN, giving strength, Vigor, and Xevi Lire to
the whole system.
PERUmN SYRUr
la a
Protoxide
of Iron. -
rERUTIAN SYRUP
Makes
the Weak
Btrong.
PERUYLVN SYRUP
Contains
no
Alcohol.
PERUVIAN SYRUP
Builds op
the
. Broken- down.
PERUVIAN SYRUP
Cures
the
Dyspepsia,
PERUVIAN SYRUP
Invigorates
the
Brain.
FERUYIAN SYRUP
Cures
Female
Weaknesses.
rERUTAN SYRUP
Cures
Spring
lteblllty.
PERUVIAN SYRUP
Vitalizes
and Purines
the Blood.
PERUVIAN SYRUP
Restores
the Vigor
of Youth.
rERUVLIN SYRUP
Is Pleasant '
to
take.
Being free from Alcohol In any form, Its ener
gizing effects are not followed by oorrespond
lrjg reaction, but are permanent. ;
(Stimulants only afford temporary relief, and
have tbe same effect as giving a tired horse tha
whip Instead of oats. The true way la to lnvlgo .
blood with Its Life Element IRON, thereby
Infusing strength, vigor and new life Into all
parts of the system, and building np an IRON
CONbTITUTlOJN. ,. , ,
Thmimritla Lava been chartered hv thA nu n
this remedy, from weak, sickly, suffering erea
tures, to strong, healthy, and happy men and
women, and Invalids cannot reasonably hesl ,
tate to give it a trial.
PRICE.
Large Bottles, (21 oz.) 12 00, or 3 for 50a
Bmall Bottles, (10 oz). SJ1 00, or 6 for $5 00.
If your Druggist does not keep It, send direct
to me, and it will be forwarded promptly by
express.
A 83 page pamphlet sentr to any address.
PATTTTfiTJ ln purchasing the PERU
tfiiU llUll-VIAN SYRU1 be partloular
to icet tbe Oenuine, and not
one of the many Alcoholics
Knxlrs or Peruvian Bark, or
Bark and Iron. Bee that Pe
ruvian Byrup Is blown la tho
glass.
J, P. DINSMORE, Proprietor,
u .
Ko. 30 DEI Street, New York.
For Sale in Philadelphia by .
JOHNSTON, HOLLO WAY & COWDEJT,
No. 602 AltCH Street,
FEENCIf, IUCHAKUS & CO,
AND BY DRUGGISTd GENERALLY. 71 Bra