TIIE DAILY E FINING TELEGRAFII FHILADELFHIA, FRIDAY, AUGUST 7, 1863.
6
KOTRK DAME AND THE ADVEST OF
UOTUIC AKCUITECTUIIE.
From the Atlantic Monthly, it
Bevcn centuries the towers of Notre Dnv
iiave risen over the island city of Paris. The
nges liave RnaweJ their solemn Bton.es, and
filled their scars with the dust, and tinted their
old walls with the gray of ail antique things.
Kalsed by a humanity that Is immortal, tUe
tooth and rlyor of the winds and rains
nil the unchrontcled violences of time
Lave not altered the grandeur of their
eskentiul forma. Hquare, firm, majestic,
they stand to-day over rnodera PV'is a they
atood yeiterday over the puinted roofs aid nar
row streets of the ancient city. Tliey make us
know the eraud spirit and ancient v.gor of a
people who had none ol tlie things that are the
toast of tUe modern man. They arc the work
ot a people who were united and almost demo
cratic without the newspaper and the railway
b people who were poet and artists without
critics, skilled workmen without printed ency
clopaedias, religious without tract societies and
sectarian journals.
The grand cathedrals were simultaneously
begun m tue rich cities of France in what was
called at the tune the royal domain. During
the twelfth century the people exhibited an
extraordinary political movement for consolida
tion aud ot emancipation from local powers.
They ranged themselves uud'-T tho large ideas
of religion and monarchy. Led by the bishops,
stimulated by the monks, instructed by the
architects, they erected tho cathedrals as visible
types of something more mighty than barons,
lords, and counts. They created in a grand
tliort of enthusiasm religious monuments and
national edifices. It was Irom the union of all
the lorccs ot France of the twelfth century that
the cathedrals were projected. No human work
was ever more grandly nourished or more boldly
conceived.
To-day we have marvellous agents for the
rapid and sure communication ol peoples and of
thoughts; then ttiev made great sauctuaries for
each' stricken soul, and visible proo's ot the
power of religious faith.
In the cathedrals that raised their grave aud
sculptured walls over the castles ot dukes and
barons to humble them, over the houses of the
poor to console them, all the facts, dreams, and
tuperstitions of their life in the Dark A?es were
embodied. The cathedral stones held the me
morials ot the awful years of suffering andgroie
puperstitiou that had alBlcted populations after
the dissolution oi Roman oruer. The grotesque
forms that seem to start out of the very walls,
and speak to the mind, are not capricious aud
idle Inventions. The vtry name tiiey bear me
morializes an old mecliscval superstition, for
during the Middle Ages tho dragons ot Huen
and Metz were etilled gatgouiUes. Gargouille is
the French architectural term to day.
It was In that night of ignorance, in those
jenrs in which society was plunged into almost
historical oblivion, that those disordered and
debased ideas of natural life had full play. The
monkish workers in stone shared the supersti
tion of the people, and they carved with gusto
the typical vices and beans, irom which faith
in religion alone cuuid protect or deliver man.
Later the more beautiful forms of the sinless
ilower and perfect lea', which, we find In the
pore and noble (iothic, tock the place of the
beast and the dragon. The graceful vine, stone -curved,
twined tenderly in the arches, or climbed
the column, und the llower-putal untolded in the
capital, or under the gallery, or upon the altar.
The monk had been delivered by art, the people
had found an issue in the vigor of work and in
the unity ot faith.
The forms which like a petrified population
look over Paris irom the walls aud towers of
Notre Dame are surprisingly vigorous and sin
cere in character. They show an uncommon
knowledge ot natural structure, and a rare in
vention. Suppose you go with me to the summit
oi the towers of Notre Dame. Victor llugo and
Theodore Gamier have gone before us, like
students and poets. To eo to the summit you
cuter the north tower through a little door, and
nscend three hundred aud eighty-nine steps,
dimly lighted, worn down into little hollows,
made visible by lung, thin outs in the wall, sacu
as would serve for an arrow or a sunbeam. At
length you reach the licht gallery, supported by
Blender columns; about two hundred more
steps in perfect darkness take you to the sum
mit oi the tower. You are pedestalled
by centmies of human labor; you are
Burrounded by dragons cranes, dogs, and ajes,
Dogs oi a ferocious aspect; apes witu the breasts
of women and the pow:rlul hands of men; a
bear, nn elephant, a goat; great muscular devils,
with backs like drations, und the face termi
nating in a snout or a beak, ears like swine, and
boms like bulls a strange looking bird, half
Earrot, half eagle, with a cloth thrown over tho
ead, like an old woman 1 They are posed on
the balustrade of the gallery, and at each aaglo
rtf the towers: nt other daces thev serve as
water ppouts, and are called gargoyles. All these
forms und faces arc carved in the boldest and
largest sculpturesque style; the anatomy
is well based on nature; all the leading
forms truly and expressively rendered, tnougn
entirely toreign to tne rniatan idea oi torm.
These fteures.'ubout the size of a man, posed ut
each corner of the gallery, or lookirg down
upon Paris or afar off over the humid Beiue,
show dark against the sky, and are euormous
in character; in each an amazing muscular
energy has been expressed never bo much
ferocious force and so much variety of inven
tion. The grotesque) of the bright Greek
mind is child's play iieit to these in
tensely horrible figures. Some o: them
just touch the horrible, indecent, and ob
scene. All hold tho horrible or stimulate the
curiosity of the mind. On the towers, over the
fatalest and gayest cities ot the world, your sen
tinels are monsters. You question which be
the most terrlbl?, these frank gross demons
about you, carved by the old Uablc stone
cutters, or the fair, smiling city, so vast
and heterogeneous, below you. The radiant
aspect of the city is deceptive, like the fabled
smile of the Sphinx. At the Morgue, every
morning, you will hud a fresh victim who has
failed under the task it has imposed upon his
life.
It is difficult to resist the thoughts that reac
you at Buch a height. The city, which changes
like the venture of a man, iar below you; the
cathedral, which remains essentially the same
through all the ceuturies, about you. Under
neath, our great humanity dwelling in poor,
little, suiferiug, foolish men: yet their bands
were enough to raise such a monument. From
their bratu these inventions, irom their hands
these forms I
Strange exaltation and strange humiliation
for us! We huve been in our unity great enough
to create the loug euduring; and in onr indi
vidual lives we ute mocked by the grandeur
we have made, und which is the memorial
of our past existence. Au awe of our
ancestors steals over us ; the ancient
time takes uwtul proportions; we forget the
actual Paris, with its costly and monotonous
barracks, the new opera-house, the new wing of
the Tuilerles I With the deformed Quasimodo
of Victor lingo, we can neither feel alone nor
occupy ourselves with the actual city. The old
sculptor had left htm the saintly figures and
the grotesque dreams and dreads of their iinagi
nation. Kings, bishops, martyrs, stiutsl
Around the oirival portals, the Last Judgment
and its crowd ot holy and sereue souls, its uioo
ot convulsed snl damned bclnas. These wero
his friends when he entered the cathedral. When
he went up to strike the sweet and awlul bells
of the gn at south tower, he wcut up to demons
and dragons who were not less his friends,
for he was familiar with them. What a world
in stone 1 What a society I We have no
such impressive and varied types. Until we
stand tieioro a cathedral ot the twelfth or thir
teenth century, we do not even know them.
The exact aud learned Viollet-Leduc hn ob
jected to the characterization that dettnes
Ooibic arcbi.ectuco a an expression of the
svffiring ol the Midile Ages. I think he alludes
especially to oue of Taine's lectures at the
fccols des Beaux Arts. It seems to me that
neither of the writers has neitly defined
the relation of his generalization to tne
particular tacts of the subject. It is true as
Vlollct L duc says, the cathedrals are thu proof
of the force anil invention of the old Gallic
Bp'rit; it is not loss true that thy embody
suturing. The lorje and luveutiou is In the
constructive art; the suffering is expresed in
the plcturetque and convulsed forms with which
the contUuvtUe art adorned iWcl ,
And from what a soclet this constructive art
grewi from what a foofety the-e forms were
evolvedl at the moment when light was quick
ening the intelligence, and the instinct -of-brolherhood
was moviug tha hearts of popula
tions, fresh from the long marshes and common
sentiment of the Crusade, warm irom tuat
union for a sacred idea, bringing back from the
Orient souvenirs of an older and more ooulent
life. In that burning land of color and light
they bnd seen vast and impressive totms, Pagan
temples, ricn ana Deautiiai, rne impression
able mind aud fervid heart of the Frank was
amazed and delighted by tie superb specUcle
of Constantinople. After his pilgrimages th.'ougb.
the wilderness and over t'ue mountains, be
looked upon the proudest aud most clzzllo?
city of the Oiient. His rccolli-c ions ot France,
a dark and ciouiy ia?d compared witii tne uast,
bad nothing equal to what he saw at thit mo
ment. His native city, Pails or Orleans
or lthelms cr Troyps, was dark and poor
with heavy Kcman forms or more primi
tive types of building. His own land
had nothing to equal the Greek and Oriental
temples, and gardens, and c reates, and nios
qncs; the grove?, where the rose, the sycamore,
the cypress, mingled their forms and colors; a
splendid union of the rich and barbaric of the
East with the simple and purs types of Gtveee.
His religion, his faith, bis God, his priesthood,
in the lowlands of his country, were ieprescnted
by a grave, gloomy, formal style of ediiice. lie
hud left his cities, "having the leudul character of
giim cmtles and f,.'uve monasteries, to find
cities fnll of temples aud mosques, decorated
with color and adorned with gold. He ca'iie
from the East with ideas and inspirations. Ue
could Dot import the color or the atmosphere of
1 be Orient, but he had received his impuloe;
his mind had been started out of trauitlou,
out ot monotony, out oi the oppression of hubit.
He was prepared to create.
Notwithstanding the admirably reasoned pajes
n which Kenan proves the Gothic to have devc
oped naturally Irom the Hainan style, we can
not resist the old conviction, that the experience
of tho Eot orged it into its development, and
accelerated tU departure irom the Norman
Roman. The experience of the Crusades had put into
action the whole mind of the epoch, and ini
tiated the people into a democratic, a social lite.
The isolated and brutal existence of the feudal
lord had been invaded; the serf, in becoming
a soldier and a tradesman, bud become a
brother and a democrat, and was fitted
to work on a grand scale. Thought had dawned
with action. Travel had taught and liberated
the monastic workers.
To emulate the splendor of the cities he had
seen, to memorialize his faith, to enshrine his
religion in forms grander than ull the preten
sions to temporal power about hi u, he began to
build upon the ruins of Pagan temples, and to
enlarge the old basilicas which hcli his altar.
He began to graft upon grave Roman forms a
new typo.
lie could not have the laminois Ori
ent for a background to his spires and
pinnacles; ho could not have the delicate mina
ret that defined itself always against a deep
toned and clear sky. Under his humid and grey
clouds he must make the form more salient aud
the decoration lets delicate. He must not do
pend upon the fine accentuation of form, and
the clear note of color, about a portal, which
the Oriental could oppose to a broad flit surface
for the sun to ttiiUe dazzling with, light. He
must use shadows as the oriental availed himseif
of sunshine. So ha cut his portals deeper; he
made his decoration more vigorous and scat
tered; he multiplied forms; he avoided fiat sur
faceswhich the Greek, the Persian, ana the
Moor always availed themselves of, and with
which they produced such hue effects.
The Gothic architect pursue i the opposite aim.
He made stones blossom Into leaves and flowers,
und crowded niches aud arches with images of the
animal life he recollected or imngiued. There
fore, you see the Asiatic elephant aud hippopo
tamus, when you expect only purely Occidental
forms and Christian symbols.
boon his cathedral became his idolatry, his
artistic means; aud, before the fourteenth cen
tury, the priest had only the ultar: the rest
belonged to the people and to the artist.
Tb. workmen who had boon trained under
the protection of abbeys were at hand to design
and execute. The heraldic draughtsmen und
the illuminators of sacred writings were learned
and skili'ul; the Crusades had mcruased the
demand for their art, and enlarged
their knowledge. Each ncblcmuu had to
carry upon his shield and breast the
picture-symbol of his origin, his exploits, his
loyalty; each trade imposed its sign of being
upon each workman. These needs gave a
peculiar and powerful impulse to the arts ot
design aud color, and forced them into full
action; just as to-day the needs of exchange of
thought and illustration of knowledge enlist
every form of printed expression.
Thus was prepared the menus for thoie mar
vellous cathedrals which, in the short space of
fifty years, reached their full perfection; thus
was produced an art that was superbly illus
trated through three succeeding centuries, and
then perished. "Developed with au incrediblj
rapidity," writes Viollet-Leduc, "It (the Gothic)
airivcd at its apogee fifty years after its first
essays."
Tne truly historical epoch of Notre Dame
besius in the twelfth century. Anterior to that
time incomplete trudit'.ons merely suggest the
aspect of the cradle of the grand edifice which
has been connected with nil the epochs ot the
history, aod associated with the most august
namc3, of France. Like most of the cathedrals,
11 COVCIS grUUIJU uuuc ucunnicu i "n"" HWVio,
which fact should touch the imagination.
The lounder of Notie Dame, Maurice de Sully,
"was of an obscure birth, and superior to his
age. He resolved to build upon a new plan the
old basilica, whicb had formerly served Ue
Christian population ot tne isiana. xue nrst
Etone of Notre Dame was laid in 1163 or 11C5, by
Pope Alexander HI. .... From the fourteenth
to the fifteenth century the cathedral appears to
have retained intact its first physiognomy. But
a series of changes and mutilations have suc
ceeded, without interruption, to our day.
Piety, which pretends to regenerate the Church
by modern embellishments, was not less
fatal than the barbarism that later fell upon
it. The labors uudcrlaken iu the seven
teenth century to consolidate the edifice,
robbed it by turn of its mouldines, Its stone
vegetation, and its pargoyles. During the
reign of Louis XV a unltorm paving, In large
marble squares, replaced the old funeral
tablets which covered the soil of the church,
and showed the eQieies of a crowd of Illustrious
fiereons. When the storm ot the first revolu
ion burst, some men, and among them citizen
Cbaumette, prevailed upon the Commune to
spare the figures of the kiugs in the portals,
lie claimed, in the name of arts and philosophy,
some tolerance for the effigies."
To what uses it ha9 been put I In the twelfth,
century, before its high altar, the Count of Tou
louse came, barefooted und in his shirt, penitent,
to be absolved by the Church and king. The
King St. Louis walked barefooted un ler its Men
tprlngiug arches, carrying, it is said, the holy
rrowu ot thorns, which he bought from the
Emperor of Constantinople, lu the next cen
tury, Henry Vi of England was crowned at
Notre Uamo as King of France.
It is a long list the solemn and splendid
ceremonies enacted iu Notre Dame great days
when the pomp of state aud the cougecratlous
ot official religion were laid upon the royal
heads of France. But the cathedral has evil
days. The revolution comes and desccrutes it
in the nume of uVaou I The Convention decrees
that its name shall be altered, and ou November
10. 1793. abolishes the Catholic religion, und
changes the namo of Notre Dame into that of
Temple of Keasou 1 But the new name and the
new worship were not destined to replace a long
time the old. Tbe dav arrived, in 17K5, wheu it
was r stored to the Catholic clergy.
In 1804 the first Napoleon was crowned Em
percr of France, and Josephine Empress; which
occasion, writes tha historian, was the most
sumptuous and solemn of all tho ceremonies
that have taken place in the ancient edifice. In
1H42, the funeral of the Duke of Orleans; in 1853,
tbe marriage of tbe present Emperor with
Eugenie, Counters of Tebu; labt, the christening
of the Prince Imperial.
The great day of Notre Dame and the religious
foim which it represents has gone. The time
when it represented the highest word ot reli
gious life is pust. I can dream those ancient
duj'twbrn the streets about it were narrow,
dirty, thronged; when the lords were brutal, and
the people Uclpkss tei ft : I can iccull that atcicut
time wheu the priest was the teacher, the hope,
the guide of the people; when be uttered the
word nearest to democraey and eiualltyj when
Catholicism repeated the most humane word
thnt had been fciven to man. Then, in the twelfth
and the thirteenth centuries, the priest was the
friend of the people, and made the Church pow
crrnl to protect the wetik. Then the windows
of Notre Dame, in celestial and intense colors,
made the interior like a beautiful prism charged
with sicrcd meanlnes; the three great rosacea,
mysterious and vivid, filtered and chnnred the
common liirht of day, and flattered the eye with
visions of heaven Itself; then the virgins conse
crated to Chris-, bare'ooted, with pure hand
and white robes, made a holy chorus, a saintly
procession, moviug around the nave in the lofty
and remote galleries a procession ecstntlc,
naive, rpoio'e. Tbpn the ceremonies of the
Church were bieh, sincere, solemn for they
had not been conlronted by tne lnnexmie mce
of scieuce. To-day we are emancipated, and
muRt put aside childish things. A simpler form
of religious life, with a better word for rami, has
appealed to his mind. The day of the color, the
image, the martyr, aud the saint has pasod
away, no more to return, we nave msnyrs,
but science and art celebrate them; we have
saints, but literature hole's their memory.
. ... . . . art t 1 -
we go to the graud cathedrals or tne muoic
Ages to-day. They retain music aud the voice
ot bells to touch us. All the rest are nothtnir to
the modern roan. They are disfigured by t.iwdry
looking chapel", and frivolous loaklntr altars,
and Ignoble looking priests. But lor the uni
versal voicu of the orgau, the undying charm of
muhic, they would be void and dreary; no better
than Pagan temples and Egyptian monuments.
It can no longer be contested that the Gothic
is nn art purely French. It was born with
French nationality, it was the work of commu
nities stimulated by tbe clergy and directed by
Liymea, and represents the great social and in
tellectual movement of the Middle Aes. In
the largest expression, it was tbe creation of
the old Gallic genius which, nudaciom, inven
tive, rapid, has left the most poetic and impres
sive embodiment of the religious sentiment of
Christendom. It was the last effort to make a
temple large enough for humanity. Tbe story
of the building oi a cathedral reads like a fairy
ale. The people come irom the provinces
environing that of a cathedral like volunteers
of a war tor liberty. As they had gone pell
mell to the Holy Land, so they went pell
mell to build the cathedrals. They are blessed
by tbe bishop; they go through tbe land re
cruiting their forces, chantiug hymns, with
floating banners; they rally about the walls ot a
church or the quarry, and labor for no other
pay than bread.
VICTOR HUGO AT HOME.
A VI alt to Ilaatavllla House, Jersey
A new literary lournal, called The Gau'-, re
cently started in Paris by M. Henri de Pene,
contains iu one of its numbers a pleasant
account of a visit made by a brother writer and
himself to the distinguished "exile" Victor
Hugo, at his home in tbe island of Jersey, irom
which we translate the lollowine:
We arrived at Guernsey about 6 o'clock lathe
morning, and weie soon alter shown, on the
heights that overlook the town, a white cottage
which we were told was tho house of "Master
Yugo." Arrived at thu door of the poet, two
servants were consecutively astonished at our
imprudence lncainug upon m. uugo at sucuau
early hour.
"Monsieuiifsat work; Monsieur is never visible
Derore noon."
A beaut hiil erevhound who stenDed to the
door seemed to partake lu the oolite Indignation
of the otner domestic, though he eventually
deigned to make friends with us Perhaps he
would not have been so friendly had he known
that we were copying the following inscription
ou uis couar:
"I pray you take me home, good man, ere farther you
BO I
I am ty race a dot; Senate's my name; my master's
X1UKU.
Well, atter much argument on the porch, we
were at length permitted to penetrate as far as
the dining-room, and invited to take a seat
while tbe youuger ct the two servants look our
varus up u tk&e poo. - , u
HIS DIXINO-BOOU.
This dining-room of Hauteville House held a
good hour's worth of sight-seeing. All Dutch
China seemed to be represented therein. It was
a perfect mosaic of pottery, painting and wood
curving. There were three great philosophic
pictures, representing respectively "The Dea'h
of the Soldier," "The Death of the Poet," and
The Death of tbe Priest," divided into three
vast panels of massive oak.
The ceiling was covered by a splendid Gobelin
tapeMry. A monumental mantel built of alter
natc blue and purple bricks was crowned by a
wooden statue of Our Lady of Succor. Every,
where on the walls there were printed mottoes
in Latin and French; the word "God" opposite
tne word "Man," and the word "Country" alter
natiug with relitious aud hygienic maxims.
This legend especially attracted attention:
"Exilium vi'.a est." "Sonio ol Monsieur's
fancies," exclaimed tbe old housekeeper. We
turned toward the garden, Into which the room
opened through two long windows. "It is very
narrow," cried me oia servaut.
ms welcome. ,
While sti oiling up and down its straight walks,
tne lonowing note was nanueu us:
"Mv dear brother chins. I am in m v bath. It
will give me the greatest pleasure to shake
bauds with you. Do me the honor to breakfast
with me at noon. 1 depend on you. We must
have lots oi things to talk over. You are very
good to come and see me at my work. Till
noou then, yours, coidially, V. H."
)n time the elder of tho two servant! an
bounced to nt-
"The runster is comlne down."
I had not seen Victor Huiro for tnanv years.
My comrade, Edmund Texier, had seen him
more recently at the Brussels bouquet, apropos
Ajts xuiserauies."
HIS ATP EABANCK
The lute portraits of the poet, however, bad
Warned tne of the chautres that the years had
produced iu the external man. Victor Hugo
looks more manly and noble with his white
oearu una nair thau he did twenty years ago,
No other man has such a svuipaibellc hand
shake. His eye is full of tire, while bis manner
ano language are singularly simple anaauiiuDie
au exquisite tamuiurlty tempered Dy a pain-
arc ma l uignity ot demeanor.
UIS HOSPITALITY.
At table Victor Hueo is almost another Vic
tor Hugo. Doing tho bonors of his board
easily, bimrlug loyally in the good cueer, ne
shows jou a Victor nigo good fellow, good
comrade, jovial host, even descending to the
poHtpihndlul pun aud the local beer. At the
time of our visit he was alone ut Hauteville
House with a sister of Madame Hug". Hi son
Charles is still in Paris, and his sou Francis at
Brussels, where he soou expects to ko himself
and bring his whole family around him. Every
day M. de Kesslt-r, the most faithful companion
of bis exile, breakfasts and dines with Victor
Hugo.
ms politics.
We spoke of our hope of seeing his pieces socn
readmitted to the staee, and this led to a talk
on po try, during which Victor Hugo enthu
siastically expressed his worship of tibukespeare,
Eschjlus, and Homer, whom he ranked chief of
nil. He made this confession, which, coailug
irom a Eelf-callcd dlsclnle of Shukspeuro, is
worth recording "When I wrote the preface to
I Prrimn;nl1 ft oui.l ha tT nrlmlri'rt Shll l pfiTwnrA
with certain reservations; to-day I admire hiui
without ieahoning."
In biddin;; adieu to the great master, who
accompanied us even to tho boat, he siid,
"Give us a republio I" These were LU last
words.
Test for Naphtualinb. Vobl states that
when naphthaline is treated with concentrated
nitrio acid, and tbe mixture is diluted with
water, a precipitate is produced, wbioh after
being washed first with water and then with
diluted alcohol (three-fourths water), may be
placed in a watob-glass with a few drops of a
solution of bydrate of potassium and of sul
phide of potassium and evaporated to dryness
on a water Lath. On molbteninjr the residue
with alcohol, a magnificent red violet color is
immediately developed.
Actual Size of the Stones of the rjramids.
1 dare saV verv rnanv Will differ from me lu
opinion, and tay hard things lu reference to my
lack ot tat.te and want ot appreciation oi me
so-called wonderful, but I am bold to confess
that my first Impression on reaching the Pyra
mids of Snkkara was one of disappointment.
From what I had read, and from all I had heard
tourists relate Irom time to time, regarding the
wonderful size of the blocssof stoue com losing
these great structure, I was led to imagine
that the individual blocks of stone were so
large tbat it became a difficult matter to forot
any clear conception as to me manner in
which they were piled one upon another. Tne
blocks of stone, when I had looked well at them,
did not convey to my mind anv very exalted
idea of maiznitude; nelthT could I fcr the lite
ot me see any real difficulty where laborers, as
we read, were numbered by tbe thousand, in
raii-lng any oue of the Mocks of stone compris
ing the mass of the pyramid from the base to
tne summit. io put iuis mauer to a more prac
tical test, we carefully measured some ol the
larger blocks in the Glzeh Pvramids, aud by
calculation we found that the heaviest block of
stone making up the structure of the pyramid
did not exceed two and a bnlt tous. aud that by
far the greater pait were, of course, much
lighter. J. K. Lord, in Land and Wa er.
Tbe entrance to the Colonne Sendome baa
been closed an outrageous interference with
tbe rights of suicides.
Dr. Peters, who killed Confederate Gene
ral Earl Van Dorn for too assiduous attentions
to Mrs. Peters, has retaken tbat lady again to
his hearth and heart.
DRY GOODS.
LADJES about to leave the
city for their country houses or the sea-shore
will find It greatly to their advantage, before pur
chasing elBewneie, to exaalue
The Extensive Stack, at (Jrcallj Reduced
lTlccs, or
B. M. NEEDLES & CO.,
No. llOl OIIESNUT STREET
GIRABD ROW,
Comprising a complete assortment tor personal oi
household use, of
LACES, EMBROIDERIES HANDKKROHIEFS
PUFFED, REVERED AND TUCKED MU3
UH8, CAMBRICS, JACONETS,
FIQUES, and WHITE GOODS,
In every variety.
VEILS AND VEIL MATERIALS of every descrip.
lion, togetner witn an extensive assortment of
HOUSEHOLD LIKENS,
AT TEMPTING
In every width and quality.
8HIRTINa,PILLOW-CA8E, SHEETING, ATABLB
LINENS, NAPKINS. DOYLIES, FLANNEU3,
DIMITIES FOB SPREADS, AND FURNI
TURE COVERS, MARSEILLE?. HO
NEYCOMB. AND OTHER SPREADS,
TOWELS AND TOWELLING LN
DAMASK ANO HUCKABACK,
BUMMER BLANKETS, TA
BLE COVERS, ETC.
ALSO, SHIRTING, PILLOW-CASE AND SHEET.
INO MUSLINS.
E. HI. NEEDLES & CO.,
No. llOl OHESNUT STREET,
U QIBARD ROW-
XTEW
ISMCC M'MIIIIIU Vl're
bTUKAi. - STOCK
: . U Mil. LJ in niULLH 1. A ' T
IMPORTER AND DEALER IN
LINEN AND HOUSE-FURNISHING DRY GOODS'
Takes this opportunity to return bis thanks to th.
Ladles uf Philadelphia and surrounding districts tor
thai. Ilhorel ii.tmnBu. n r, haH n I . i
FOB THE ACCOMMODATION OF FAMILIES
RESIDING IN THE WESTERN PART OF
THE CITY HE HAH OPENED HIS
NEW STORE,
NO. 11SS OHESNUT STREET,
TWO DOORS BELOW TWELFTH.
His long experience in Linen Goods, and his facili
ties for obtaining supplies
DIRECT FROM EL ROPE AN MANUFACTURERS,
enable him at all times to oiler
THE BEST GOODS AT THE LOWEST PRICES.
The OLD STORE, S. W. corner SEVENTH and
CHKbNUT. WU1 be kept open aa usoaL JjVmwfBni
ENGINES, MACHINERY, ETC.
jyj- EBEICK & SONS' '
SOTJTHWARK FOUNDRY,
No. 430 WASHINGTON AVENUE, Philadelphia,
WILLIAM WRIGHT'S PATENT VARIABLE
1 CUT OFF STEAM-ENGINE,
Regulated by the Governor.
MERRICK'S SAFETY HOISTING MACHINE.
Patented Jane, 1868.
DAVID JOY'S
PATENT VAXVELESS STEAM HAMMER, ,
D. M. WESTON'S
PATENT SELF-CENTERING, SELF-BALANCING
CENTRIFUGAL BUG AR-DRAXNING MACHINE
AND
HYDRO EXTRACTOR,
For Cotton or Woollen m auufacmrera. 7 lftmwf ly
fjpFJV PENN STEAM ENGINE AND
T1 "-'-7 BOILER WOKKs.-NEAF1E A LEVY
l-jiAUWALAKl) THEORETICAL ENGINEERS
MACHINIST, BOILKK-MAKEKS, BLACK.
SMITHb, and FOUNDERS, havlug tor many jean
been In successful opeiatlon, anu been exclusively
engaged la building and repairing; Marine aaa River
Engines, high and low-pressure. Iron Boilers, Water
Tanks, Propellers, etc. etc., respectfully oiler their
services to the public as belug fully prepared lo con
tract for engines of all sites, Marine. Klver, ana
Stationary; having sets of patterns of dlffurent slues
are prepared to execute orders with quick despatch.
Every duscrlptlou of pattern-making made at tue
shortest notice. High and Low-prasure Flue
Tubular aud Cylinder Boilers, ol tbe best Pennsylva
nia charcoal Iron. Forging of all sites and kinds
Iron aud Brass Cantlugs of all descriptions. Roll
Turning, Screw Cutting, and all other work connected
with the above busineMi.
Drawings and snoclUcatlous for all work done at
the establishment free of charge, aud work guaran
teed. The subscriber have ample wharf-dock room fbi
repairs of boats, where they can He In perTecl safety,
aud are provided with shears, blocks, falls, etc. a to!
for raising heavy or.llght weigh t.
JACOB O.NEAFIE.
JOHN P. LEVY.
1 BEACH and PAUtfEK streets.
J, VAUGHN MBBBICK, WILLIAM H. MJCaJUUM
JOHl K. COVKJ.
SOTJTHWARK FOUNUfir, FIFTH ASD
WASHINGTON Streets. " "
i-hiladklphia,
MERRICK A SONS,
(ENGINEERS AND MACHINISTS,
manufacture High aud Low procure btoam Engine
tor Land, Rlvir.and Marine Service,
Boilers, (ianoiueiers, Tauks, lion Boats, etc.
Castings of all kinds, either Iron or brans.
Iron Frame Roots tor Gas Work, Workshops, and
Railroad btallous, etc
Retorts aud Gas Machinery, ot the latest and moat
Improved construction.
Every description of Plantation Machinery, also
Sugar, Saw, aud Grist Mills, Vacuum Pans, OU
Steam Trains, Defecators, Filters, Pumping, En
gines, eta
Sole Agents for N, Blllenx's Patent Sugar Boiling
Apparatus, Nesmyth's Patent steam Hammer, aud
Aspluwall A Woolsey's Patent Centrifugal Hugar
Lialiilng Mschlnes. 67' '
' ' MILLINERY.
MRS. R. DILLON,
mom. aa aid sasouTUSTiteET,
Ha a large assortment ot
MILLINERY,
Ladies', Misses', and Children's BUS Velvet, Felt
Straw and Fancy Bonnets and Hats ot the lates
styles. Also, bilks, Velvets, BUihoni, Crapes
l athers, Flowers, Frames, etc, etc., wholesale and
lY'lUli M6j
SHIPPING.
-r'fvffrvBTEAM TO LIVEUPOOL, CAL.LINO
mJmJmim AT QUKKNBTOWN.
i ue iiiuian Lltie, under contract witn tne uniiea
States and Fritian Governments, for earning U e
Malls.
CITY OF LONDON ........... .........Satnrdsv, August S
CITY OF N EW YORK (via Halifax) Tumd'y, Aug. 11
CITY OF BALTIMOE...........taiiirdy August
t i rr tr uaiu-...,..atnraay, auku
ETNA (via Hallfax)......w.....Tue(irtay, Augut 45
CITY OF AN I WEKP Hturday, August II
ana eacu sncteeaing Saturday and alwuale Monday
tnooa.rrom Pier No. 4 NORTH Rivsr.
Hates or pannauA by tha Mall Steamer BAlldNO
EVRY SATURDAY:
Payaole lu Gold. Parable In Currency.
First Cabto.. 100 Steerage.....-
" to London tost " to London.. M
" to Paris.... I ml " to Paris . in
Passage by the Mondy; stamers: Cabin, S"0, grld;
Steerage, I8S, currency. Bates ot pa.ssnge from New
York to HalifHX Cabin, f4l Steerag, lo, In gold.
Paisengers also forwarded to Havre, Hamburg, Bre
men, etc, at moderate raus. Hteemge psnag from
Liverpool or Que nntown, S4. currency. TlrKeis car
be bought here by persons sending lor their friends.
For further Information, apply at the Company's
llllce. JOHN O. DALE, Agent.
No. 15 BROADWAY, New York.
Or, O DONNE LL A FACLK, Manager.
12 9 No. 411 CHKSMUT felreet, Phlla.
-tfFV NORTH AMERICAN BTEAM3UI1
ik.coM pan y.
fkrovgh List to California, via, 1'iitmi
IlstliMd,
NEW ARRANGEMENT.
fall!ng; from New Yok on tbe 6th and 20th of
lull on Hominy.
Po.aage lower than by any other line.
For lnlormatlou aduii-ss
jj. N. CARRINGTON, Agent.
Pier Ke. 40 NORTH KIVKR. Ne York,
Or THOMAS K. SK.IRLK,
No. 117 WALNUT btreet, Philadelphia. Pa.
W. H.WKBB. President. CHA8. DAN A. Vice-Pre
Office 14 EXCHANGE Plao-. New York. S8m
-"T- raosauti iu aixl (tiu.u UAEidJ
- r' . , . I in fTt A fcT Ix t.ivis-Vsar - m
i".Jri. BKI TaIN ANU 1 KMX AND
BY BTEAMSHIP AND HAILING PACKET,
A 1 Hr,un.tu u&riu)
DRAFTS AVAILABLK THROUGHOUT ENd
LAND, IRELAND. SCOTLAND, AND WALES.
For particular apply to
TAl'-COlTb, BHOTHEKS CO.,
NO. 80 SOUTH Stri et. and No. 23 BROA ItWAY,
Or to TU. M8 T.B."!ARLE,
11 Nj. 217 WALNUT street.
F' NEW EXPRESS LINE TO ALEX
it!t!riendrla. Georgetown, aud Waslunaton
via CbesBMCake and Delaware uaual. with nun.
nectloDsat Alexandria rroiu the most direct rout
lor L nchburg, Bristol, Kuoxvlile. Nashville, Dalton
and tne Southwest.
steamers leave regularly every Saturday at noon
ironi (ne nit wnarr si'iur-. unribt street.
Frelghtrecelved dally. WM p
No, 14 North and South Wharves.
J. B. DAVIDSON, Agent at Georgetown.
M. ELDRIDGE ft Co., Agents at Alexandria, VIr
glnla, 61
f-frfiv. NOTICE. KOH. NEW VORir Vli
anttt"- Ttft.AW a uu- ANDKAHITAN CANAL.
The Steam Propellers of this line leave DAILY
iiuoi nrst wnuri oeiow msnei street.
Goods forwarded by all the lines going out of New
iurn, nurm, ah, sou went, rree ot ooiumisaiou.
Freights received at our usual low rates,
WILLIAM P. OtYDE t CO., Agents,
, . ,M . J"'0- 14 WHARVES, Philadelphia.
T A AflTM TTAMn Aironfc ' mil
No. 119 WALL Street, corner of Bonth, New York,
PHILADELPHIA. RICHMOND
AND NORFOLK STEAMSHIP LINE.
TjuBobUD
JuRubUU FREIGHT AIH LINE TO THE
nuuiu inn wrr.
IVEHY HATITRIiAY.
At noon, from FIRST WHARF above MARKET
Street.
THROUGH RATES and THROUGH RKnirrPT-i
to all points In North ana South Carolina, via bea-
Doara Air juine itauroaa, connecting at Portsmouth
and to Lyuchbnrg, Va., Tennessee, and the West, via
Virginia and Tennessee Air Line and Richmond and
Tl.titrllla D.ll.iiBil
Freight HANDLED BUT ONCR, and taken at
low er Baths than any othek link.
The regularity, safety, and cheapness of this route
commeuaitto tne puoiio as tne most oesirable me
dium for carrvlnat everv description ot trelsht.
No charge for commission, drayage. or any expense
ui tiKUBier.
Steamships Insured at lowest rates.
Frtlght received dally.
WILLIAM P. CLYDE A CO.,
No. 11 North And hnmh W H A kVITA
W. p. PORTER, Agent at Richmond and City
T, P. CROWE LL ft CO.. Agents at Norfolk. S 1
wPTZjs FOR NEW YOUK-SWlFr-9UBB
I VI m i I nTrr- TT n Company Deipatcb
u bwiil-sure Lines, via Delaware and Raritan
Canal, on and Alter lb. J5th of Marob, leaving dally at
i m. auu o i-. ai.., connecting witu ait JNortuern and
Eastern lines.
For freight, which will be taken on accnmmodatlns
iciiuq, liuuu w - iu. i'i I nil ot J.
lit No. 132 B. DELAWARE Avenue.
LORILLARD'S OUTSIDE LINE.
...... A 1 "XT TATT'T f lT TM B... t. "I 1 .mr
Goods oy wel ht, 10 cents per 100 lbs , gross.
Measurement Bonds. 4 pma rut. sitl.o r..,,
Freights received at all times, and insurance guar-
For further Information, apply to
t. JOHN F. OHL,
. 2J Fier19 North Wharves.
STEAMBOAT LINES.
BRISTOL LINE
BETWEEN ISEW TURK ASD BOSTON,
VIA BRISTOL.
For PROVIDENCE, TAUNTON, NEW BEDFORD
CAPE COD, and ail point of railway communica
tion. East and North.
The new and splendid steamers BRISTOL and
PROVIDENCE, leave Pier No. 40 NOR1H RIVER,
foot of canal street, adjoluing Dobrassesdtreet Ferry,
New York, at 6 P. M., dally, bundays excepted, con
necting with steamboat train at Bristol at 4 8u A. M.,
arriving In Boston at S A. M.. in time to connect with
all the morning tralus irom that city. Tne moat d
siraole and pleasant route to the Whl'e Mountains,
Travellers for that point can nuke direct connec
tions by way of Providence and Worcester, or Button,
State-room and Ticket seemed at oihce en Pfcr la
New York.
6 1 Cm H. O. BRIGGS. General Manager.
FOR CAPE MAY.
On TUESDAYS. THURSDAYS, anil
bA i lltlJA b.
The splendid new steamer LADY OF THE LAKE,
Captain INGRAM, leaving Pier - 19 above Viue
street, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday at 9-18
A. Mm and returning from Cape May on Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday.
Fake 2'2s. including Carriage Hire.
Servaiits...41'60, " "
Chlldren....Slv6, " "
Season Tickets, 110. Carnage Hire extra.
The Lady of the Luke Is a tin.: sua-boal, has hoJ
some state-room accommodations, aud Is tilled up
with everything necessary lor the salety and comfort
of passengers. G. H. HUuDfcXL.
CALVIN T AUG ART.
Office No. SS N. DELAWARE Avenue. s 3utf
XajftEftt
IjjVV IN i uill
PHILADELPHIA AND TBBNs
Ijj w IN iUKKKST leaves ARCH Street Wuart, tor
Trenton, stopping at Tacony, Torrendale, Beverly,
Burlington, Bristol, Florence Imbuing' Wharf, and
White Hill.
Leaves Arch Street Wharfi Leaves Sonth Trenton.
Saturday, Aug. 8, Hi P.M8aturday, Aug. s, t. l'.M
Sunday, August b, to Burilngiou, iirisioi, ana inifc.
mediate lanamg. leaves aku street wuan at sa..
and it P. 16.; leaves Bristol at lu A M. aud 4)s P. M,
juouaay, Aug.
Tuendav.
, 10, 6 P.MMouday, Aug. ID, A.M
11, 6 A.M Tuesday, "'.11. IU AM
12, I A.M Wed'day, " 18, 10', A.M
Wed'dav.
Thursday, "la, 7 A.M IThursday, 'Ml, 11 A.M
Friday, 14, 8 A. Ml Friday, "14,12 a ,
Fare to Trenton, 40 cents each way; intermedials
places. 6 cent. 411
FOR. OHESTBtt. HOOK. ANT!
ZSSm WILMINGTON At 8 30 aud I'M A. M.
The steamer B, M. FELTON and ARIk'L leave
CHEbNUT Street V hart (Sundays excep.ed) at 8 DO
and V60 A. M., aud 810 P. M., returning leave Wil
mington at l'60 A.M., libO, audS'sO P, M. Stepping at
Cheater and Hook each way.
Fare, lu cents between all polntp.
Excursion tickets, is cents, good to retnrn by either
boat. s 8 tl
rv;lTZlN OPPOSITION TO TIIE COM-
sikiatofeaC2.BlNED RAILROAD ASD BI EH
Steamer JOHN SYLVESTER will make dally
excursions to Wilmington (duixiays excepted), touch
ing at (.heater aud Marcus Honk, leaving ARCH
Street wharf at 10 A. M. and 4 P. returning, leave
Wi'rnlnvmr at 7 A. M. and 1P.M.
Light freights taken. .
L. W. BURNS,
I28tf Captain.
DAILY EXCDKSION8 TUB
splendid bteatuboat JOii N a. w ah
isi.lt. leaves CUKh'NUT Street Wharf, Phllada,. at I
o'clock and S o'clock P. M., t)t Burlington and
Bristol, iouctiiiiH at mv.rwu. lorreaaie, Andalusia,
and Beverly. Returning, leaves Bristol at T o'clock
A.M. and 4P.M.
Fare. 88 cent each way; Excursion 40 els. 411 tf
rrr illiam b. oran ,
YY COMMIfSION MSRCH ANT, .
N. 88. DELAWARE Aveuue, Philadelphia,
AGKNT FOB ...
Pnpont' Gunpowder, Kehned Nitre, Charcoal. Etc.
W. Baker Co.' Chocolate Coo., a d Broiua.
Crocker, Bros. Ufc Oo.'g Yellow Metal Sheatnlng,
Bolt aud Nallf, '
SHIPPING.
T'OR H08TON-V1A NEWPORT AND FALL
? RIVER.
The BOSTON and NEWPORT LTTflt. by the Spletf
did and superior steamer NRWPOKT, MBIKO
POLIfS OLD COLONY, and KMP1HK STATU, of
great strength and speed, oons'ruoted expressly for
id navigation or l'ng I'lano rnnnn, riioaing in
connection with the OLD COLONY AND NEW-
rum KAILKOAU. .
Leave PI EH 2s. NORTH RIVER, foot ol ItDBV
BA Y Street.
Tlie steamer WKWPOKT, Captain Brown, leaves
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at 4 P. M-, lauding;
at piewpor. .
1 h steamer OLD COLONY, Captain Simmons
leaves Tuesday. Thursday, aud Saturday, at 4 P, li,
landing at r-ewport.
ThMi steamer are fitted OP with eomroodlOTM
state-room water-tight compartments, and every
arrangement lor the seourlty and comfort of pasnen-
rs. wno are enorueo oy mi rinittui(ui rwioq
board, aol on arrival at N K WfORT proceed par rail
roait again, reaching Boston early on toe following
Diornlng.
A baggage master la attached to each steamer, who
receive, and tickets the baggage, and accompanies:
tham to lla destination.
A steamer runs in conn ecu on witn tnis Hue Between
N K W PORT and PROVIDENCE dally, feu art ay
'P rti- w.
r ret. n- o ihihivd i-.wi h nuis ram mm vy
any other regular line, and forwarded with the Krett
et expedition bv au express train, which leaves)
NEWPORT every morning (Sundays rxcepted), at 1
o'clock, for Boeton aud New Bedford, arriving at 1UJ
destination about 11 A.M.
For freight or railage, apply on board, or at tha
oflice, on PIER 23. NOR'i 11 RIVER. For s'ate-rooma
and berths apply on board, or If it 1 desirable M se
cure them in aavanco, iv'i
fLE FIELD. A sent.
N0.T8BKO4JJWAV New York.
SAFETY. 8PEKP, AND COMFORT.
FURTHER REDUCTION IN PASSAGE
RATES.
Favorite passenger steamers ot the ANCHOR LINB
all every t-ATUlUA Y with pan eneeis lor
LIVEBPCOIa. GLASGOW, AM DfeKKYi
From pier No l Nonu River
Rates ot passnge paablu in currency.
To Liverpool, Olargow, and Lerry, cubtus J0 and
7B, Record lug lo locution.
Excursion tickets, good for twelve months, 1160,
Intermediate, 8A.V, bteer-'te
Prepaid certlbcates him these ports, fVi
Passengers booked to and from Hamburg, Rottev
dam, Antwerp, Havre, etc.. at very low ri
rorlurtberlntnrmBilon anniy at the tximpanyg
Office, No. S BOWLING (iKkKN, New York.
HKNDl KiON BROrUKRSl
To avoid Imposition, pasngr will (.lease oome
direct to the olllce, a thlH Company does not employ
runners. 2t
LONDON AND NEW YORK 8TEAMSUIP
A.INR.
Prueage to London direct. 1110,175, and .W currency.
Excursion tickets at reduced rate available Jot 6
months.
ATALANTA.
BKLLONA,
CKLLA.
WM. PENN.
Freight will be taken and through bills ot lading
given to Havre, Antwerp, Rotiera am, Amsterdam
and Dunkirk,
Fcr passage apply to ROBERT N CLARC.No, M
BROADWAY, New xork.
For freight apply at No. 64 SOUTH street, W. Y,
828T1 HOVVLAND A A8P1NWALL. Agents.
GUNARD LINE OF EXTRA BTKAMERS",
BETWEEN NEW YORK AND LIVERPOOL.
CALLING AT QUEENSTOWN.
FROM NEW YORK EVERY WEDNESDAY.
TRIPOLI, ALEPPO.
RATES OF PASSAGE:
Cabin.................. fWOold.
Steerage... .............i6 Currency.
Steerage ticket from Liverpool or Queenstown at
lowest rates.
Fur Freight and Cabin Passage, apply at No. I
Bowling Green.
For steerage Passage, apply at No. 69 Broadway,
2 2t - E. CCNARD,
o
NLY DIRECT LINE TO FKANCE.
THE GENFRALTRANSATL ANTIO COMPANY'S
MAIL STEAMr-HIPS BETWEEN NKW-YOKK
AND HAVRE, CAI LING AT BHfiiT.
The splendid new vessels on this favorite ronte for
the Continent will sail from Pier No. 60 NORTH
River:
N A POLKONmm..... LemarlQ
P K EI R E.... DticMeeua
VILLE DE PARIS...- ...............8iirmont
ST. LAURENT - . ......BocauU
PRICE OF passage in GOLD (Including wine),
TO BREST OR HAVnE, "
First Cabin, llSo or 4140; Second Cabln.8
TO PARIS,
Including Railway Tickets, furnished on hoard,
First Cabin, f 165 or 8145; Second Cabin, f-cj,
Thee tteamm do not carry iteeraoepaaicngeri, '
Medical attendance free of charge.
American travelers going to or retnrnlng from the
Continent of Europe, by taking the steamers or this
line, avoid nnuecessnry risks from transit bv English,
railway and crossing the channel, besides saving
time, trouble, and expanse, ,
GEO. MACKENZIE. Agent,
828t No. 6S BROADWAY.
LIVERPOOL AND GREAT WESTERN STEAM
COMPANY.
t he following FIRST-CLASS IRON STEAMSHIPS,
built expressly tor the New York trade, are Intended
to sail regularly between NEW YORK and LIVER
POOL, calling at QUEENSTOWN, vli!.:-
MANHATTAN, MINNESOTA,
COLORADO, NEBRASKA
with other first-class steamers bnlldlng.
From Pier No. 87 Eaet River.
Cabin (the accommodation being equal to any At
lantic steamer), Ssu, gold; return tickets, 1140, gold; la
steerage, 826, currency.
Irckets to bring out passengers from Europe can
be obtained on reasonable terms. For freight or pas
sage apply to
WILLIAMS A GUION. No. 71 WALL Street.
For steerage passage to 2 24
WILLIAMS fc OUION, No. 29 BBOADv
'WAY.
INTERNAL REVENUE.
PRINCIPAL DEPOT
FOB TBI BALI OS
UNITED 8TA1E8 REVENUE STAMPS i
2io. S04. OHESNUT Btrssskt
CENTEAL DEPOT
No. XOS South FIFTH BteswiU
(Ons door below Chssnnt street
fciBTABLilBIIEE)" ISOiX
Our stock comprises all tna denomlnatl pn HUH
bj the Government.
ALL ORDERS FILLED AND FORWARorfD BY
M AIL OR EJCPHKSH IMMEDIATELY BPOa BJh
OaIPT, a matter of groat Importanoa,
iirani on Pnliaaeiphla, Post Offloa Ordsra. SresuM
nacks, aud National Back Notes, received In pay!
menu Tbe following rates of oommlaslon are ailo we4
On 120.
..TWO PER CENT
From tiu to lut) ..FOUIU PER CENT
Vrom luu upwards....KOUR aAII A HALF PAUt CX
The Commission Is payable In slamps.
All order, etc, sbouid bs addxssaed at
TAMP A4jNCT
No. 3CML CHESNUT Stre-t.
HILASXLPHl'' ,
CKPERS RFCKIVFD FOR STAMPED CHBOHTS.
I RAUB, RECE1P0S. KILL HEALS, Etft, and u2
beat rate of cooiuiUalun allowed.
W have constantly on band
UNITED STATES POSTAGE BTAMTtt OF ar.t
KINDS, AND
'i'LSilV INVELOPS4