THE BAtLY UVKNING TBLEGH APH PHIL AJpflLPIfiA, WEDNESDAY, JULY 1, 1868.
WE JRAitlTJr A MAGNET.
Fromtfn OwM'l Magazine.
, Tlwre i ft very prominent but erroneous
ttjriolon that the magnetic needle points to the
north. The peculiarity that the magnetio
needle does not, In general, point to the north,
Is the first of a series of peculiarities whioh we
SOW propose briefly to desoribe. The irregu
larity is oalled by 8ailors the needle's variation,
but the term more commonly uaed by scien
tific men is the declination of the needle. It
was probably discovered ft long time ago, for
euu years ietore our era me uiu"
the magnet's directive force to guide them in
JonrneyiDg over the great Asiatic plains;
and they must scon have detected so
-marked ft peculiarity. Instead of a ship's
compass they made use of a magnetio car, on
the front of which a floating needle carried a
email figure whose outstretched arm pointed
Bonthwards. We have no record, however, of
their discovery of the deolination, and know
only that they were acquainted with it in the
twelfth century. The declination was dis
covered, Independently, by European observers
in the thirteenth century.
As we travel from place to place the decli
nation of the needle is fonnd to vary; Christo
pher Columbus was the flrst to detect this. He
discovered it on the 13th of September, 1402,
during his first voyage, and when be was six
hundred miles from Ferro, the most westerly
of the Canary Islands. lie found that the de
olination, which was towards the east in
Europe, passed to the west, and increased oon
tinnally as he travelled westwards.
But here we see the first trace of a yet more
Singular peculiarity. We have said that at
present the declination is towards the west in
Europe. In Columbus' time it was towards
the east. Thus we learn that the declination
Varies with the progress of time, as well as
with change of place.
The Genius of modern Boience is a weighing
and a measuring one. Men are not satisfied
now-a-days with knowing that a peculiarity
exists; they seek to determine its extent, how
far it is variable whether from time to time
or from place to place, and so on. Now the
results of such inquiries applied to the magnetio
declination have proved exceedingly inte
resting. We find first, that the world may be divided
into two unequal portions, over one of whioh
the needle has a westerly, and over the other
an easterly, declination. Along the boundary
line, of course, the needle points due north.
England is situated in the region of westerly
magnets. This region inoludes all Europe,
except the northeastern parts of Russia; Tar
key, Arabia, and the whole of Africa; the
greater part of the Indian Ocean, and the
western parts of Australia; nearly the whole
of the Atlantic? Ocean; Greenland, the eastern
parts of Canada, and a small slioe from the
northeastern part of Brazil. All these form
one region of westerly declination; but singu
larly enough, there lies in the very heart of
the remaining and larger region of easterly
magnets, an oval space of a contrary charac
ter. This space inoludes the Japanese Islands,
Klanchouria, and the eastern parts of China.
It is very noteworthy also, that in the westerly
region the declination is much greater than the
easterly. Over the whole of Asia, for instance,
the needle points almost due north. On
the contrary, in the north of Greenland and of
Baffin's Bay, the magnetio needla point a
West, while still further to the north (a little
westerly) we find the needle pointing with its
north end directly to the south.
In the presence of these peculiarities it would
be pleasant to speculate. We might imagine
the existence of powerfully magnetic veins in
the earth's solid mass, coercing the magnetio
needle from a full obedience to the true polar
CUKimons. Or the comparative effects of
oceans and of continents might be called into
play. But unfortunately for all this we have to
reconcile views founded on Ji.red relations pre
sented by the earth, with the process of change
indioated above. Let us consider the declina
tion in England alone.
In the fifteenth century thee vas an easter
ly declination. This gradually diminished, se
that in about the year 1G57 the needle pointed
due north. After this the needle pointed
towards the west, and continually more and
more, so that scientific men, having had ex
perience only of a continual shifting of the
needle in one direction, began to
form the opinion that this change would con
tinue, so that the needle would pans, through
northwest and west, to the south. In fact, it
was imagined that the motion of the needle
Would resemble that of the hands of a watob,
only in a reversed direction. But before long
obseivant men detected a gradual diminution
In the needle's westerly motion. Arago, the
distinguished French astronomer and physicist,
was the first (we believe) to poiut out that
"the progressive movetuent of the magnetic
needle towards the west appeared to have be
come continually slower of late years" (he
wrote in 1$14,) ' which seemed to indicate
that after some little time longer it might be
come retrograde." Three years later, namely
on the 10th of February, 1817, Arago asserted
definitely that the retrograde movement of the
magnetic needle had commenced to be percep
tible. Colonel Beaufoy at first oppugued
Arago's conclusion, for he found from observa
tions made in London, during the years 1S17
2819, that the westerly motion still continued.
But he had omitted to take notice of one very
simple fact, viz., that London and Paris are
two different places. A few years later and
the retrograde motion became perceptible at
London also, and it has now been established
by the observations of forty years. It appears
from a careful comparison of Beaufoy's obser
rations that the needle reached the limit of its
Western digression (at Greenwich) in March,
1819, at which time the declination was very
nearly 25 degrees. In Paris, on the contrary,
the needle had reached its greatest western
digression (about 22) degrees) in 1814. It is
rather singular that although at Paris the
retrograde motion thus presented itself five
years earlier than in London, the needle
pointed due north at Paris six years later than
in London, viz., in 1G'G3. Perhaps the greater
amplitude of tbe needle's London digression
may explain this peculiarity.
"It was already sufficiently difficult," says
Arago, "to imagine what could be the kind of
change in the constitution of the globe, which
could act during oae hundred and fifty-three
years, in gradually transferring the direction
of the magnetio needle from due north to 23
degrees west of north. We see that It is now
necessary to explain, moreover, how it has
happened that thig gradual change has ceased,
and has given place to a return towards the
preceding state of the ghjbe. How is it," he
pertinently asks, "that the directive action of
the globe, which clearly inunt result from the
action of inoleoules of which the globe is com
posed, can be thus variable, while the num
ber, position, and temperature of these mole
cules, and, as lar as we know, all their other
physical properties, remain constant t"
But we have considered only asiugle region
of the earth's surface. Arago's opinion will
Beem still more just when we examine the
change which has taken place in what we may
Jerm the "magnetio aspect" of the whole
ftuoLe. The line which separates the region of
westerly magnets from the region of easterly
magnets, now rum, as we have said, aoross
Canada aim' eastern Brazil in one hemisphere,
mud across Rtf.aij Asiatic Turkey, the Indian
Ocean, and West Australia in the other;
besides bavin'g an outlying oval to the eat of
the Asiatic Continent. Now these lines
have Pwept round a part of the
globe', circuit in a most singular
manier since 10O0. They have varied alike in
direction and complexity. The Siberian oval,
now distinct, was, in 177, merely a loop of
the eastern line of no declination. The oval
appears now to be continually diminishing,
and will one day probably disappear.
We find here presented to us a phenomenon
as mvsterious. as astonishing, and as worthy
of careful study as any embraced (n the wide
domains of science. But other peculiarities
await onr notice.
If a magnetio needle of suitable length be
carefully poised on a Cue poiut, or better, be
suspended from a BUK thread wituout lorsiuu,
it will I found to exhibit each day two small
but clearly perceptible oscillations. M. Arago,
from a careful series of observations, deduced
the following results:
At about eleven at night, the north end of
the needle begins to move from west to east,
and having reached its greatest easterly excur
sion at about a quarter past eight in the morn
ing, returns towards the west to attain its
greatest westerly excursion at a quarter past
one. It then moves again to tue east, and
having reached its greatest easterly excursion
at half-past eight in the eveuiug, returns to
the west, and attains its greatest westerly ex
cursion at eleven,' as at starting.
Of course, these excursions take place on
either side of the main position of the needle,
and as the excursions are small, never exceed
ing the fifth part of a degree, while the mean
position of the needle lies some 20 degrees to
the west of north, it. is clear that the ex
cursions are only nominally eastern and
western, the needle pointing, throughout, far
to tbe west.
Now if we remember that the north end of
the needle is that farthest from the sun, it will
be easy to trace in M. Arago's results a sort of
effort on the part of the needle to turn towards
the sun not merely when that luminary is
above the horizon, but during his nocturnal
path also.
We are prepared, therefore, to expect that
a variation having an annual period shall ap
pear, on a close observation of our suspended
needle. Such a variation has been long since
recognized. It is found that in the summer
of both hemispheres, the daily variation is
exaggerated, while in winter it is diminished.
But besides the divergence of a magnetized
needle from the north pole, there is a diver
gence from the horizontal position, which
must now claim our attention. If a non
magnetic needle be carefully suspended
so as to rest horizontally, and be then
magnetized, it will be found no longer to
preserve that position. The northern end
dips very sensibly. This happens in our
hemisphere. In the southern it is the south
ern end which dips. It is clear, therefore,
that if we travel from one hemisphere to the
other we must find the northern dip of the
needle gradually diminishing till at some
point near the equator the needle is horizontal,
and as we pass thence to southern regions a
gradually increasing southern iuclination is
presented. This has been found to be the
case, and the position of the line aloug
which there is no inclination (called the
magnetic equator) has been traced around
the globe. It is not coincident with tha earth'
equator, but crosses that circle at an angle of
twelve degrees, passing from north to south of
the equator in logitude three degrees west of
Greenwich, and from south to north in longi
tude hi degrees east of Greenwich. The
form of the line is not exactly that of a great
circle, but presents here and there (and espj
cially where it crosses the Atlantic) percep
tible excursions from such a figure.
At two points on the earth's globe the
needle will rest in a vertical position. These
are the magnetic poles of the earth. The
northern magnetio pole was reached by SirJ.fi.
Ross, and lies in seventy degrees north lati
tude, and 2(J3 degrees east longitude, that is,
to the north of the American continent, and
not very far from Boothia Gulf. One of the
objects with which Ross set out ou his cele
brated expedition to the Antarctio Seas was the
discovery if possible of the southern magnetio
pole. In this he was not successful. Twice he was
in hopes of attaining his object, but each time
he was stopped by a barrier of land. He ap
proached so near, however, to the pole that
the needle was inclined at an angle of nearly
ninety degrees to the horizon, and he was able
to assign to the southern pole a position in 75
degrees south latitude 15-1 degrees east lougi
tude. It is not probable, we should imagine, that
either pole is fixed, since we shall now see. that
the inclination, like the declination of the mag
netic needle, is variable from time to time, 'as
well as from place to place; and in particular,
the magnetic equator is apparently subjected
to a slow but uniform process ot change.
Arago tells us that the inclination of the
needle at Paris has been observed to diminish
year by year since 1071. At that time the in
clination was no less than 75 degrees; in other
words, the needle was inclined only 15 degrees
to the vertical. In 1 7J'l the inuliuatiou was
less than 71 degrees. In 1831 it was less than
08 degrees. In like manner the inclination at
London Las been observed to diminish, from
72 degrees in 1780 to 70 degrees in 1804, and
thence to 08 degrees at the present time.
It might be anticipated from such changes
as these that the position of the magnetic
equator would be found to be changing. Nay,
we can even guess in which way it must be
changing. For, since the inclination is di
minishing at London and Paris, the magnetic
equator must be approaching these places,
and this (in the present position of the curved
can only happen by a gradual shifting of the
magnetio equator from east to west along the
true equator. This motion has been found to
be really taking place. It is supposed that
the movement is accompanied by a change of
form; but more observations are necessary to
establish this interesting point.
Can it be doubted that while these changes
are taking place, the magnetic poles also are
Blowly shifting round the true pole? Must
not the northern pole, for instance, be further
from Paris now that the needle is inclined
more than 23 degrees from the vertical, than
in 1071, when the inclination was only 15
degrees. It appears obvious that this must
be so, and we deduce the interesting conclu
sion that each of the magnetio poles is rotating
around the earth'c axis.
But there is another peculiarity about the
needle which is as noteworthy as any of those
we have spoken about. We refer to the in
tensity of the umgnetio action, the energy with
which the needle seeks its position of rest.
This is not only variable from place to place,
but irom time to time, and is further subject
to sudden changes of a very singular char
acter. It might be expected that where the dip is
greater, the directive energy of the magnet
would beproportionably great. And this is
found to be approximately the case. Accord
ingly the maguetio equator is very nearly oo
incdnt with the "equator of least intensity,"
but not exactly. As we approach the mag
netio poles. we find a more considerable di
vergence, bo that instead of there being a
northern pole ot greatest Intensity nearly co
incident with the northern magnetio
pole, which we have seen lies to
the north of the American continent,
there are twp northern poles, pae ja Siberia,
nearly at the point where the river Lena
crosses the Arctic circle, the other not so far
to the north only a few degrees north, In fact,
of Lake Superior. In the south, iu like mv
ner, there are also two poles, one on the Ant
arctio circle about; 130 degrees east longitude
in Adelie Island, the other,uot yet precisely de
termined, but supposed to lie oa about the
240th degree of longitude, and south of the
Antarctic circle. Singularly enough there is a
line of lower intensity runuing right round
tbeeaith along the valleys of the two great
oceans, "passing through Behring'8 Straits
and bisecting the Pacific on one Bide of the
globe, and passing out of the Arctic Sea by
Spitzbergen and down tho Atlantic on the
other."
Colonel Sabine discovered that the intensity,
of the magnetic action varies during th? course
of the year. It is greatest in December an 1
.Tannary in both hemispheres. If the intensity
bad been greatest in winter one would have
been disposed to have assigned seasonal varia
tion of temperature as the cause of
the change. But as. the epoch is the
same for both hemispheres we must seek
another cause. Is there any astronomical
element which seems to correspond with the
law discovered by Sabina ? TUra iu oue verv
important element. The position of the peri
helion of the earth's orbit is such that the
earth is nearest to the sun on about the 31st
of December or the 1st of January. There
seems nothing rashly speculative, then, in
concluding that the sun exercises a magnetio
inlluence on the earth, varying accordiuz to
the distance of the earth from the sun. Nay,
Sabine's results seem to poiut very distinctly to
the law of variation. For, although the number
of observations is not as yet very great, and the
extreme delicacy of the variation renders the
determination of its amount very difficult,
enough has been done to show that in all pro
bability the sun's inlluence varies according
to the same law as gravity that is, inversely
as the square of the distance. -
That the sun, the source of light and heat,
and the great gravitating centre of the solar
system, should exercise a magnetic inlluence
upon the earth, and that this inlluence should
vary according to the same law as gravity, or
as the distribution of light and heat, will not
appear perhaps very surprising. But the
discovery by Sabine that the moon exercises
a distinctly traceable effect npon the magnetio
needle seems to us a very remarkable one. We
receive very little light from the moon, much less
(in comparison with the sun's light) than
most persons would suppose, and we get abso
lutely no perceptible heat from her. There
fore, it would seem rather to the inlluenoe of
mass aud proximity that the magnetic dis
turbances caused by the moon must be
ascribed. But if the moon exercises an inllu
ence in this way, why should not the planets ?
We shall see that there is evidence of some
such inlluence being exerted by these bodies.
More mysterious, if possible, than any of
the faots we have discussed is the phenomenon
of magnetic storms. The needle has been
exhibiting fot seviral weeks the most perfect
uniformity of oscillation. Day after day the
careful microscopic observation of the needle a
progress, has revealed a steady swaying to
and fro, such as may be seen in the mas'-s of a
stately ship at anchor on the scarce-heaving
breast of ocean. Suddenly a change
is . noted; irregular jerking move
ments aru poraoptil.lo, totally dtatlnot
from the regular periodic oscillations. A mag
netio storm is in progress. But where is the
centre of disturbance, and what are the limits
of the storm 1 The answer is remarkablts. If
the jerking movements observed in places
spread over very large regions of the earth
and in some well-authenticated cases over the
whole earth be compared with the local time,
it is found that (allowance being made for
difference of longitude) they occur precisely at
the same inttant. i'Uke magnetic vibrations thrill
in one moment through the whole frame of our
earth !
But a very singular circumstance is observed
to characterize these maguetio storms. They
are nearly always observed to be accompanied
by the exhibition of the aurora in high lati
tudes, northern and southern. Probably they
never happen without such a display; but num
bers of auroras escape our notice. Tne con
verse proposition, however,has been established
as a universal one. No great display of the
aurora ever occurs without a strongly marked
magnetic storm.
Magnetic etoims sometimes last for several
Lours or even days.
Kemembering the influence which the 6nn
has been found to exercise upoa the magnetio
needle, the question will naturally arise, has
the sun anything to do with magnetic storms f
We have clear evidence that he has.
On the 1st of September, 1859, Messrs. Car
rington and Hodgson were observing the sun,
one at Oxford and the other in London. Their
was directed tocertain large spotswhiuh, scrutiny
at that time, marked the sun's face. Suddenly,
a bright light was seen by each observer to
break out on the sun's surtace and to travel,
slowly in appearance, but in reality at the
rate of about 7000 miles in a minute, across a
part of the solar disc Now it was found
afterwards that the eelf-registering magnetic
instruments at Kew had made at that very
instant a strongly marked jerk. It was
learned that at that moment a maguetio storm
prevailed at the West Indies, in South Ame
rica, and in Australia. The signalmen In the
telegraph stations at Washington aud Phila
delphia received strong electric shocks; the pen
of Bain's telegraph was followed by a llatne of
fire; and in Norway the telegraphic machinery
was set on fire. At night great auroras were
. seen in both hemispheres. It is impossible
not to connect these startling magnetic indica
tions with the remarkable appearauee observed
upon the sun's disc.
But there is other evidence. Magnetio
storms prevail more commonly in some years
than in others. In those years in tvhich they
prevail most frequently, it is found that tbe
ordinary oscillations of the magnetic needle
are more extensive than usual. Now, when
these peculiarities hal been noticed for many
years, it was found that there was an alternate
and systematic increase and diminution in
the intensity of magnetic action, and that the
period of the varia'ion was about eleven
years. But at the same time a diligent observer
Lad been recording the appearance of the
Bun's face from day to day and from year to
year. He hal found that the solar spots
are in some years more freely displayed than
in others. And he had determined the period
in which the spots are uccessively presented
with maximnm frequency to be about eleven
years. On a comparison of the two sets of
observations it was found (and has now been
placed beyond a doubt by many years of con
tinued observation) that magnetio perturba
tions are most energetic when the sun is most
f potted, and vice versa.
For so remarkable a phenomenon as this
none but a cosmical cause can suffice. We oan
neither eay that the spots cause the magnetio
storms nor that the magnetic storms cause the
spots. We must seek for a cause produuing
at once both sets of phenomena. There is as
yet no certainty in this matter, but it seems aa
If philosophers would soon be able to trace In
the disturbing aotion of the planets npon the
solar atmosphere the cause as well of the
marked period of eleven years as of other
less distinctly marked periods which a diligent
observation pf solar phenomena is beginning
to educe,
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raotbd to give complete sallsiacllnn, and at
OF.EATLY REDUCED PRICES.
FARIl & BKOTHEK.
Impellers of Watches, Jewelry, Musical Boxes, to,
Ullftnthtrpj No. m CHiifaJSDT Bt below Fourth.
Fspenlal attention glvpn to repairing Watches out
Musical boxes bv FlttHT-CLAbH workmen.
! TURRET CLOCKS
Aiuporier auu ueaiur in une waicnpA,
French Clocks, Gold Jewelry, Etc., No, 22 N. bLXTH
btreet, having received the agency of
STEVENS' PATENT TOWER CLOCKS,
ls prepared to make estimates and contract lor put
ting np these Clocks lor Town Hulls, Churches,
School Houses. Etc., In the full assurance that they
are the best and cheapest
TURRET CLOCKS
In the United States,
Inquiries by mall promptly answered. 6I6J
GROCERIES, ETC.
TO FAMILIES RESIDING IN TUE RURAL
DISTRICTS.
We are prepared, as heretofore, to supply families
at their country residences with every description ol
FINE GROCERIES, TEAS, ETC.,
Al'ItF.IlT C. UOUEBTS,
Dealer In Fine Groceries,
117irp Corner KLKVENTH and VINKBts.
yCRY SUPE RIOR
NEW SEASON TEAS,
ON SALE AT
FiTIRTIIOBNK'M TEA WABEllOCSlK,
4 8 8m No. 2u6 N. NINTH St., above Race.
FURNITURE, ETC.
Aa & H- LEJAmBRE
1 - HAVE REMOVED THEIR
FINE WATCHES.
Furniture and Upholstering
WAIIEROOMB.
TO
rJo. 1425 CHESNUT Street
8Imw8in Next to corner of Fifteenth,
JjS TABLISUED 178
A. 8. ROBINSON,
rXEWCB PLATS LOOKING-GLAUSM,
ENGRAVINGS, PAINTINGS, DRAWINGS, JTO.
Manufacturer of all kinds of
LOOKLNG-GLASS, i PORTRAIT. AND PICTUBJ
FRAMES TO OB DEB.
MO. 910 CIIESMCT TBEET,
Third Door abovs ths Continental,
tut rhiiaaaiptaiii
DRY GOODS
Lad?es about to lb va the
city for their country h'Ute ot tha ea-snore,
will And It greatly to tbelr advantage, 'be'ote pur.
chasing elsewhere, to exaa ins
The Extensive Slock, nt (Jrcntly Reduced
Trices, or
E. M. NEEDLES & CO.,
No. HOI CIIESNUT STKEET,
GIOARD HOW.
Comprising a complete assortment lor personal or
household use, of
LACTH. KM BROIDERIES H ANDK EROHIEFS,
PUFFED, HEVKRKO AND TUCKED MUS
LINS, CAMBRKR, JAUONKT8.
PlyUKrt, and WllITlC GOODS,
In every varletj.
VEILS AND VEIL MATERIALS of every doscrlp
tlon, together with an extensive assortment of
HOUSEHOLD LINENS,
A.T TEMPTING PXtlCISH
In every width and quality.
BH mTING.PILLOW-CASE, SHEETI 0, A TA RLK
LINENS, NAPKINS. DOYLIES, FLANNELS,
DIMITIES FOR BF11KAOS, AND FURNI
TURE COVERS, MARSEILLE, HO'
N EYCOM B, AN D OT U ait 8 PRE A DS,
TOWELS AND TOWELLING IN
DAMASK AND BUCK ABACK,
HUMMER BLANKE1S, TA
BLE OOVZKS, Em
ALSO, SHIRTING. PILLOW-CASE AND SHEET
ING MCSLINS.
EI. M. NEEDLES & CO.,
No. HOI OIIESNUT STItEKT,
1J GIRARD ROW-
4
. W. Corner of
IToajrtli and Aroh mtm.
Keep Stock of Dry Goods Adapted to
tha Dally Waists of Families.
LARKE KT4ICK OF RHIHL1.
LACK POINTS, WIIOLKMALE A RETAIL.
WHITE UOODN IN I CLIi VARIETY.
BLACK HOOPS OF ALL UIUUI.S.
ftTEEL AND UKET UOODS.
NII.K DEPARTMENT WELL STOCKED.
CLOTH DEPARTMENT, NEW ANSOUT
1HFNT.
DRESS WOODS DEPARTMENT, FRESH
STOCK,
STAPLE HOFSEKEEPINO DEPARTMENT
HOSIERY, MLOVES, HANDKERCHIEFS,
LACES, ETC S10mws3u
CLOTHS, CASSIMERES, ETC.
fWJEW STYLES OF
FANCY CASSIMERES.
JAMES & LEE,
NO. 11 MOUTH SECOND STREET,
Sicn or the Goltlen. Liajn"b,
INVITE THE ATTENTION OF MEB.
tliAAX VabJuOKM, CLOTHIERS. AND
01U1K,T TUEIK LARUE AND SPLEN
DID ASSORTMENT OF FANCY CASSI
HER ES, ALL TUE KEW STYLES,
AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. W
FfRENLTBljRGLAR PR 00 F SAFES
LUM AND DRY PIASTER
AGAIN SUCCESSFUL.
Brooklyn, May 15, 1868.
Messrs. Marvin & Co., New York Gentlemen: Oar
FlanlDg Mill, with FIFTY 1 HOUSAND leet of lum
ber, was destroyed by are last night, and we are
happy to say your ALUM AND DRY PLASTER
SAFE preserved our books, papers, and money, In
excellent order.
We want another and larger one, and will call on
you as soon as we have lime.
Yours Uuiy, SHEARMAN BROS.
This Sale was Red hot tor several hours, aud the
cast-iron feet were actually melied.
It can be seen at our store. No. ZtiS BROADWAY,
A PERFECT SAFE.
MARTIN'S
CIIR02IE IRON SrilERICAL
BURGLAR SAFE,
Will resist all burglars' Implements Tor
any length of time
PLEASE SEND FOB DE3GRI PTI VE CIRCULAR.
MARVIN & CO.,
1TJNCIPALJ
L'ALJ 1721 CHESTNUT ST.,
USES, ) (Masonic HalJ), Plilla.,
BAKEHOUSES
903 BROADWAY. NEW YORK,
IOS BANK STREET, CLEVELAND, O.,
And for sale by onr Agents In the principal cities
throughout the Unlud Mtates. 6 2d tnth3ta
C. L. MAI8ER,
MANCACTOEBB OV
FIRE AND BURGLAR-PROOF SAFES.
LOO ITH, BELL-HANGER, AND DEALEB
LN BUILDING H A RD W A RK,
IU No. 43 It At IK Btrest
a large assortment of fikk
'and Bnrelar-croof HAFEH on hand, with Insld
duurs, HweUlus-honse SatPs, free frnm daumaus
Pnes low, C. HAMKENFORDKti,
t g No. 422 VINE mrm
DRUGS, PAINTS, ETC.
ROBERT SHOEMAKER & CO,
N.E. Corner or FOUItTII and KACE Sis.,
PHILADELPHIA,
WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS,
111 FORI EK8 AND MANUFACTURER OP
White Lead and Colored Taints, Tutij,
Varnishes, Etc
AQFNT3 FOR THE CELEBR1TED
I'ltENCH ZINC PA I MS
DEJLERH AND CONSUMERS SUPPLIED AT
LOWEST P1UUEH FOR BASIL B 16 If
OTTON AND F.AX,
bAIL DUCK AND CANVAS,
Of all n umbers and brands.
Tent, Awning, Trunk, aud Waicou Cover Duck,
Also Paper Manufacturers' Drlur Felts from one to
Seveial lt)t Wluei Pillrg-BeltliiR Hall Twine, eto,
Ko,luJOJSEtt' AUe
SHIPPING.
-rrBTKAM TO LIVKRPOOL, CALLISQ
aV.fM.rl AT QUEKNBTOWN. t.M
i lie li.man I.lnp, UDiitT coniriwi wim m uui.ou
Plates and British uovernmeuu, for carrying the
Mulls.
Cl'lY OF LONDON .........Ratnrdy, July 4
CITY OK BAI.'llMORE..........KMurly, July II
Ki NA (via llalllax)M, Monday, Jnlf I
CITY OK BOJjIOiN..........:.. Hauirrtay, July 1
CITY OF ANIWKItl' Haltirday, Ju y 25
CITY OK NEW YORK (via Hallfai) Tuasday, July
and e.cn stici riHimt Mainrnay ana aiu-raaieuonaay,
at noon. Irom Pier No. is NOKTH Hlvr.
Half ofpi HKfl by tbe Mall Hteatuer BAILING
EVRY HaTUKDA Y:
faynnie In uold. raranie in currency.
First Cabin .. gloo 8tei'rge..
" to London loft " to ionnon..UM 40
" to l'rls.. 1151 ' to Paris 60- .
FaftsiiEP hv the Monda atarners: Cabin, gw). uold:
Sirfruge, tH5, currency. MKte.ot pnsag from Nev
lorn to Halifax caoin, tn Kwtrag-, i, in gna.
Pa spnuert also forwarded to Havre, Hamburg, H ro
nton , etc., at moderate rates, f teeruge pssHnge Irom
1 Iveriionl or (Jueeiihlown, 4. currency. Tickets can
hp bought here bv persons sending ior tbelr friends.
For further lnloriuallon, apply at tha tympany's
tlice. JOHN DALE, Agxnt.
No. 15 HKOADWAY, New York.
Or, 0'DONN"ELL fe FAULK, Managers,
121H N't. 411 CHKHNU1' Hlreet, I'll II,
-r-fiffn NORTH AMERICAN STEAMSHIP
tYSirii' COMPANY.
Vb rough List to CallforBla, via Paasms
Railroad.
KEW ARIANUEMENT.
Psll'rg from New YOik on tha 6th and loth of .
KVKKY MuNTu, or theuay be'urs wueu tuwieil e-v
lall on Monday,
P' SHaite lower than by any other Hue.
For luloriusilou ailorms
1). N. CA RRINOTON, Aynt.
Pier Na. 4 SOUTH K1VEK New York,
Ur 1HOMA1 K HKaHLK.
Nn. 117 WALNUT Mreet, Phlllel.hla rs,
W. K.WEBIt. r-reildcn. iHAH. DANA, VlcePrS.
tWIce-M liXC-HANOE Mac . Now York. 8 8 Bm .
rf-frfrx passagi!. to and fkom great
JLILLt? kill r-itN AMI 1KCLaNI
liV olEAMSHlP AM) SAlLtriU PACK IT,
AT RKDI'l'iiD WAIKt
DRAFTS AVA1LABLK THRUUUHOUT ENQ
LAN1, IRELAND. M OTlA.ND, AND WALEd.
For psrticulnri apply to
TaP.-CUI'T, BROTHERS & CO.,
No. 30 SOUTH fclre.t, and Niv 21 BKOAnW A Y,
Orto Tilt MM T.BKAULB,
1 1 N .2I7 WALNUT Street.
NKW EXPRRSS LI SB TO ALEX
indrla. Georgetown, and Wantiinttftn.-
D. via Chesapeake aud Delaware canal, with oou--neclionsat
Alexandria Irom the most direct route
lor Lj ncbiitirg, hristoi, Kuoxvllie, Nanhville, Datum
aud i be boutbwest.
bteamers leave regularly from tbe fin t wharf atWe
Market street.
Freight received dally.
WM. P. CLYDE CO.,
No, 14 Norm aud H.iuili Wuarves.
J. B. DAVIDSON, Agent at Oeorgeton.
M. ELD1ULUH; & Co., Agents at Alezaudrla, Vlr
glLla. 8 1
VflruT I. . i vcu Viiurr trr
5-.Uh.LA W AKh, A M KAKITAN IllNAL.
r t'njin dicaoiiiuai LUjui aa i.
The iMeam Propellers of ibis line will commenoo)
loading on bA'l IhUAV, Zuih lUBlant, leaving dally
as usual.
THROUGH IN 24 HOURS.
Goods forwarded by all tbe lines going ontOfNevr
Yi rk. Norih. K ant, and West, free Ol commission.
Freights received at our usunl low rates.
WILLIAM 1. Ul.YDK A CO., Agents.
No. Un WHAKVJi Philadelphia.
JAMFS HAND, Agent. 8o
No. nn V ALL isireet. corner of Routh, New York.
Dim iiiu'i nun uiimimiiv r.
irsZ AN l NoKrOLK HTKAMsiH IP LINE.
lilROLUH FREIOHT AlK LINE TO THE
MilTU A NO WEST.
EVERY H4TCKDAY,
At noon, from FIRST WHARF above MARKET
Street.
THROUGH RATES and THROUGH RE0EIPT3
to all jiotuts lu Norib anu Houih Carolina, via tea
board Air Line Uallroail. connecting at 1'orismoittti
and to Lynchburg, Va., Tennessee, and the West, via
Virginia and Tennessee Air Line aud Richmond and .
Danville RallroHd, j
Freight HANDLED BUT 0!"CK, and takeo eV
LOW KK RATS THAN ANY OTHER LINK. '
Tbe regularity, safety, aud cheapness of this route
c, uituenu it to tbe (.nolle as tne most desirable me
dium tor carrying every description ot freight.
No charge lor commission, drayage. or any expense'
Ol traiiBlor.
HtoMoiBltlps insured at lowest rates.
Frtlght received dully.
WILLIAM P. CLYDE A CO.,
m No. 14 North and Bouih WHARVES. .
W. P. PORTER. Ageul at Richmond and City
Point
T. P CROWELL A CO.. Agents at Norfolk, s 1 '
FOR NEW Yli HFC SWItT-SITRR
.Transuortatlno Company Dea Dated
u oviiiittiiru xiiicb, via jreiaware ana Murium
Canal, on aud alter Ine I6lh ot March, leaving dally at
12 M. and 5 P. M connecting with all Northern and
EftHtein lines,
F'or Ireivht, which will he taken on accommodating
terms, apply to W1LL1AH M. HAIKU & CO ,
1 li Ko. lKS. DELAWARE Avenue.
STEAMBOAT LINES.
r!Z BRISTOL LINE
BETWEEN KEW YORK ASD BOSTON,
VIA BRISTOL.
For PROVIDENCE, TAUNTON. NEW BEDFORD
CAPE COD, and ail points of railway coiumunloa-.
tlon, Eusi and North,
Tbe new aud splendid steamers BRISTOL and
PROVIDENCE, leave Pier No. 40 NORTH RIVER,
fool or canal street, adjolulug Debranses Street Ferry,
New York, at 6 P. M.. dally, bundays excepted, con
netting with sitaniboal tra'n at Bristol at 4 Sti A.
arriving in Bosiou at A. M.. lu time to connect with
all tbe luurnlug trains irom that city. The most de
siranle auo pletu-ant rome to the White Mountains,
Travellers lor tiiat point can make direct cjuaeo.
Uoiib by way of Providence and Worcester or Boston.
tiiate-roonia and Tickets secured at ollice en Pier la
New ork.
6IBm IT- O. BRIOQS, General Manager.
xKZZs OPPOSITION TO MONOPOLY I J
inn steuuier ELIZA HANCOX will leave AROTT
Btreet Wharf, Philadelphia, lor Wilmington, dally,
at 10 A. M. aud 4 P. M.; returning, leave V limlugWtt
for Philadelphia, all A. M. and IP. M.
KKIHICKD I1THI OV WAJtU'.
From Wlliiilngiou to Phliadelpbia, Zno.
From Cheater aud Hook to Philadelphia, 100.
From P!iiladepbla to Wilmington, 2ua
From Clnier and Hook to Wilmington, 100.
ROUND TRIP TICKETS, kU CENlti,
For further particulars Inquire on board.
... JU W. BURNS,
2tf Captain.
rrlZr. CHKSTEK, HOOK, ANDV
,ZauZ-3m WILMINGTON At 8 Su aud v SO A. M.
4i 4 Of t. M.
The iaiuer 8, U. FELTON and ARIFL leave
CHEr-N UT btreet v barf (Mundays excep edl at aa
aim n 6u A.M.. and 8til P. M., returulng leave Wil
mington at d'fio a . M.. Wfio, and S-ao P, M. Stepping at
CheMer and Hook each way.
Fare, Id cents between all point.
Excursion tickets, 16 cents, good to return by either
boat. 6 31m
rnrtTN PHILADELPHIA AND TREN
sfc&3K.staton bteauibuat Line, The steamboat
J-.JJVW.N iiuKHEHT leave ARCH Street Wnarf, tot
'I'rentou, slopping at Tacouy, Torresdale, Beverly.
Burlington, Bristol, Florence Bobbins' Wharf, and
While Hill.
Leaves Arch Street Wharf Leaves Bonth Trenton.
Balunlay, June i!7 7 A.M iHalurday, June27, 11 A. M
bunday June 28, to Burilugton, Brlsioi, and Inter,
mediate laudluns, leaves Arch street wharf at 8 A. M,
and t P. &.: leaves Bristol at lo', A. M. and 4 P. M,
Monday, June 2, 8 A, ill Monday, June 2U, 12 M.
Tuesday, ' Mi, S A. M I Tuesday, " DO, 1 P.MT
Wed'day, Ju'y 1,1(1 A.M , Wed'day, July 1,2 P.M
Thursday, ' 2,10 A.M Thursday, 2,2 P.M
Friday, " 8,10 AMUrltlay, ' 8 3 KM
Fare to Trenton, 40 cents each way, Intermediate
places, 26 cents. 4 11
DAILY EXCURSIONS. TUB
splendid steamboat JOHN A. WAR.
ijvu. Mtn CHKbNUT btreet Wharf, Phllada,. at I
o'clock aud 6 o'clock P. M., for Burlington and
.Bristol, tuucuing at mveriou. lorreviaie, Anaaiusia,
aud Beverly. Returning, leaves Bristol al 1 o'clock
A. M.and I P. M.
Fare, 2b cents each way: Excursion 40 era. 411 tf
CORN EXCHANGE
RAG MANUFACTOKY.
JOHN T. BAILEY A CO.,
KKMOVKO TO
N, E. corner ot Market aud WATER Streets,
Philadelphia.
DEALERS IN BAGS ND BAGQINQ
Of every d scrlptlon, for
Grain, Flour, Salt, buper-Phosphate of Lime, Bone)
1'iiftt. Eto
Large and small GUNNY H AOS constantly on hand.
Also, WOOL bACKS.
J UN T. BAH.iry J a una Cahcapkk.
J O H N CRUMP.
CARPENTER AND BUILDER,
HIIOrNi NO. 18 LODUB HTRKKT, AND
U. 17S3 CIlIkiKilT TJEKT,
12 PHILADELPHIA;
QEORCE PLOWMAN.
CARPENTER AND BUILDER
REMOVED
To o. 184 BOCK Street,
PHILADELPHIA,