JilAlH KV AMOXtt ANIMALS.
' Mimicry Olhcr Protective Keum
blnnctl A in on K Animate.
. Conclusion.'
There are a considerable nnmlier of Dip
tra, or two-winged flies, that closnly rescrn
M wasps and bees, and no doubt derive
much benefit irom the wholesome dread
whith those inflects excite. The Midas
dives, and other species of larpe Brazilian
Dies, have dark wings and metallic blue elon
gate bodies, renerobling the large stinging
Sphecid:c of the same country; and a very
large 11 y of the genus Asilus has black handed
wings and the abdomen tipped with rich
orange, bo ns f xactly to resemble the fine bee
Euglodsa dimidiata, and both are found in the -xnrtw
of youth America. We have also
r"""J f TIl.Hnj
, nnr nwn country P H-uca
i,i,.i, ..re nlniost exactly like bees.
In these
cases the eud gained by the mimicry is no
doubt freedom from attack, but it has
sometimes an altogether dillerent purpose.
There are a number of parasitic Hies
whose larv.e feed npon the larvio of bees,
8ueh as the British genus Volucella and
many of the tropical liombylii, and most
of these are exactly like the particular
spec
its of bee they prey upon, so that
tliev can enter their nests unsuspected to
deposit their ejrgs. There are also bees that
jnimic bees. The cuckoo bees of the genus
Nomada are parasitic ou the Audrenid;e, and
they resemble either wasps or species of
Andrena: and the parasitio humble-Wes of the
genus Apathus almost exactly resemble the
species of humble-bees iu who3e nests they
are reared. Mr. Kates informs us that lie
found numbers of thse "cuckoo"-bees and
flies on the Amazon, which all wore the livery
of working bees peculiar to the same country.
There is a genus of small ppiders in tlie
tropica which feed on ants, and they are exactly
like ants themselves, which no doubt gives
them more opportunity of seizing their prey;
and Mr. Bates found ou the Amazon a species
of Mantis which exactly resembled the white
ants which it had fed npen, as well as several
species of Crickets (caphura), which resem
bled in a wonderful manner dillerent sand
wasps of large size, which are constantly on
the search for crickets to provision their nests
with.
I'erhaps the most extraordinary of all is the
large caterpillar mentioued by Mr. Bates,
which startled him by its close resemblance to
a small snake. The first three segments
behind the head weie dilatable at the will of
the insect, and had on each side a large black
' pupillated spot, which resembled the eye of
the reptile. Moreover, it resembled a poison
ous viper, not a harmless species of snake, as
was proved by the imitation of keeled scales
on the crown produced by the recumbent feet,
as the caterpillar threw itself backward t
The attitudes of many of the tropical spiders
are most extraordinary and deceptive, but
little attention has been paid to them. They
often mimic other insects, and some, Mr.
Bates assures us, are exactly like flower-buds,
and take their station in the axils of leaves,
where they remain motionless waiting for their
' prey.
' Having thus shown how varied and extra
ordinary are the modes in which mimicry
occurs among insects, we have now to inquire
if anything of the same kind is to be observed
among vertehrated animals. When we con
sider all the conditions necessary to produce a
good deceptive imitation, we shall see at once
that such can very rarely occur in the higher
. animals, since they possess none of those facili
ties for the almost infiuite modifications of ex
ternal form which exist in the very nature of
insect organization. Thj outer covering of
insects being more or less solid and horny,
they are capable of almost any amount of
change of form and appearance without any
essential modiiication internally. In many
groups, the wings give much of the character,
and these organs may be much modified both
in form and color without interfering with
their special functions. Again: the number
of species of insects is so great, and there is
such diversity of form and proportion in every
group, that the chances of an accidental
approximation in size, form, and color, of one
insect to another of a different group, are very
' considerable; and it is these chance approxi
mations that furnish the basis of mimicry, to
' be continually advanced and perfected by the
survival of those varieties only which tend in
the Tight direction.
In the Vertebrata, on the contrary, tho
skeleton being internal, the external form de
pends almostieutirely on the proportions and
arrangement f that skeleton, which again is
strictly adapted to the functions necessary for
the' well-being of the animal. The form can
not therefor be rapidly modified by variation,
and the thin and flexible integument will not
admit of the development of such strange pro
tuberances as occur continually in insects.
The number of species of each group in the
same country is also comparatively small, and
thus the chances of that first accidental resem
blance which is necessary for natural selection
to work upon are much diminished. We can
hardly see the possibility of a mimicry by which
the elk could escape from the wolf, or the buf
falo from the tiger. There is, however, in one
. group of Vertebrata such a general similarity
of form, that a very slight modification, if ac
companied by. identity of color, would pro-
' duce the necessary amount of resemblance;
and at the same time there exist a number
of species which it would be advantageous for
others to resemble, since they are armed with
the most fatal weapons of offense. We ac
cordingly find that reptiles furnish U8 with a
ery remarkable and instructive case of true
" mimicry.
. There are in tropical America a number of
venomous snakes of the genua Klaps, which
are ornamented with brilliant colors disposed
in a peouliar manner. The ground color is
generally bright red, ou which are black bands
of various widths, and sometimes divided into
two or three by yellow rings. Now, in the same
country are found several genera of harmless
- snakes, having no affinity whatever with the
above, but colored exactly the Bame. For ex
' ample, the poisonous Klaps fulvius often oocurs
in Guatemala with simple black bands on a
' coral red-ground; and in the same country is
juuuu cum) j. nocerus equalis
colored and banded in identically the same
manner. A variety of Klaps corrallinus has
the black bands narrowly bordered with yellow
on the same red ground color; and a harmless
Bnake.Uomalocrauium semicinctum.has exacty
' the same markings, and both are found in
Mexico. The deadly Klapa lemulscatus ha
the black bands very broad, and each of them
. divided into three by narrow yellow rings; aud
- this again is exactly oupied by a harmless
snake, Hiocerus elapoides, which is fouud
' alone with its model iu Mexico.
it.it more remarkable still, there is in
' " Fouth America a third group of snakes,
-anna Oxvrhopus. doubtfully venomous,
. and having no immediate affinity with either
of the preceding, which has also the same cu
rious distribution of colors, namely, variously
disposed rings of red, yellow and b ack; and
there are some cases m which species of all
, three of these groups similarly marked inhabit
the same district. For example, in hUps
Lemiprkhii the ground color appears to be
THE DAILY EVENING TELEGRAPH PHILADELPHIA, Fill DAY, AUGUST 23, 1SG..
black, with alternations of two narrow yellow
bacdsand a broader red one; and of this pat
tern again we have an exact double in xyr
bopus foiniosiiK, both being found in many
lot lities of tropical South America.. . - '
What adds much to the extraordinary
character of these resemblances is the fact,
that nowhere in the world but in America
are there any snakes at all which have this
stylo of coloring. Lr. (lumber, of the
Jiritiph Museum, who has kindly furnished
the details here referred to, assures us that
this Is the case; and that red, black, and
vellow rincs occur together on no other
snakes in thewoild but on Klaps and the
species which so closely resemblu it. In all
thepe cases the size and form, as well as the
coloration, are so n.iich alike that none but a
nntuialist would distinguish the harmless
from the poisonous species.
Many of tho mi. all tree-frogs are no doubt
also niiinickers. When seen iu their natural
attitudes, we have been often unable to dis
tinguish them from beetles or other insects
sitting npon leaves; but regret to say we
neglected to observe what species or groups
they most resembled, and the subject does not
jet seem to have attracted the attention of
naturalists abroad.
In the class of birds there are a number
of cafes that wake some approach to mimi
cry, such as the resemblance of the, cuckoos,
a weak and detfiiseless group of birds, to
hawks and Galliiiacic. There is, however,
one example which goes much further than
this, and seems to be of exactly the same
nature as the many cases of insect mimicry
which have been already given, In Australia
and the Moluccas there is a genus of honey
suckers called Ti-opidorhyiichus, good-sized
birds, very strong aud active, having power
ful grasping claws, aud long, curved, sharp
beaks. '1 hey at-mble together in groups
and small Hocks, and they have a very loud
bawling note, which can be heard at a great
distance, aud serves to collect a number to
gether in time of danger. They are very plen
tiful and very pugnacious, frequently driving
away crows aud even hawks which perch
on a tree where a few of them are assem
bled. They are all of rather dull and obscure
colors. Is'ow, in the same countries there
is a group of oiioles, forming the genus
Miiueta, much weaker birds, which have
lost the gay coloiingof their allies, and are
usually olive green or brown, and iu several
cases they have couie to resemble most curi
ously the Tropidohynchus of the same
island. For example, in the Island of Bouru
is found the Tropidorhynchus bourueusis of
a dull earthy color, and the Mimeta bouru
ensis, which resembles it in the following par
ticulars: The upper and under surfaces of the
two birds are exactly of the same tints of dark
and light brown; the Tropidorhynchus has a
large bare black patch round the eye; this is
copied in the Miuteta by a patch of black
feathers. The top of the head of the Tropidor
hynchus has a scaly appearance from the
narrow scaled-formed feathers, which are imi
tated by tho broader feathers pf the Mimeta
having a dusky line down each. The
Tropidorhynchus has a pale ruff formed
of curious recurved feathers on the
nape (which has given the whole genu3
the name of Friar birds); this is repre
sented in the Mimeta by a pale band in
the same position. Lastly, the bill of the
Tropidorhynchus is raised into a protube
rant keel at the l.sise, and the Mimeta has
the same character, although it is not a com
mon one in the genus. The result is that, ou
a superficial examination, the birds are iden
tical, although they have important structural
differences, and cannot be placed near each
other in any natural arrangement.
Here, then, we have two cases of perfect
mimicry and two others of good approxima
tion, occurring between species of the same
two genera of birds; and in three of these
cases the pairs that resemble each other are
found together in the same island, and to
which they are peculiar. In all these cases
tho Tropidorhynchus is rather larger than
the Mimeta, but the difference is not be
yond the limits of variation in species, and
the two genera are somewhat alike in form
and proportion. There are, no doubt, some
special enemies by which many small birds
are attacked, but which are afraid of the
Tropidorhynchus (probably some of the
hawks), and thus it becomes advantageous
for the weak Mimeta to resemble the strong,
pugnacious, noisy, and very abundant Tropi
dorhynchus. Among the Mammalia the only case which
may be true mimicry is that of the insectivo
rous genus Cladobates, found in the Malay
countries,several species of which very closely
resemble 'squirrels. The size is about the
game, the long bushy tail is carried in the
same way, and the colors are very similar. In
this case the use of the resemblance
must be to enable the Cladobates to approach
the insects or small birds on which it feeds,
under the disguise of the harmless fruit-eating
squirrel.
Having now completed our survey of the
most prominent and remarkable cases of
mimicry that have yet beeu notioed, we must
say something of the objections that have
been made to theory of their production given
by Mr. Bates, and which we have endeavored
to illustrate and enforoe in the preceding
pages. Three counter explanations have been
proposed. Professor Westwood admits the
fact of the mimicry and its probable use to the
insect, but maintains that each species was
created a mimic for the purpose of the protec
tion thus atlorded it. Mr. Andrew Murray, in
his paper on the "Disguises of Nature," in
clines to the opinion that similar conditions of
food and of surrounding circumstances
have acted iu some unknown way to pro
duce the resemblances; and at a recent
meeting of the Entomological Society of
London; when the subject was discussed,
Dr. Sharp maintained a similar view, and
added a third objection that hereditary or
the reversal to ancestral types of form aud
coloration, might have produced many of the
cases of mimicry.
Against the special creation of mimicking
species there are all the objections and difficul
ties in the way of special creation in other
cases, with the addition of a few that are pe
culiar to it. The most obvious is, that we
have gradations of mimicry and of protective
resemblance a fact which is strongly sugges
tive of a natural process having beeu at werk.
mother very serious objection is, that us
mimicry has been shown to be useful only
to those species and groups which are rare
and probably dying out, and would cease to
have any effect should the proportionate abun
dance of the two species be reversed, it fol
lows that on the special-creation theory the
J!?01" nuiBt 1,liVe been created plentiful,
causeSTI?re; ?,4 "Withstanding the many
"X. ' oontinuaUytendto alter the pro-
pOrilOnB Of HTMM.iun 1 i .
have always' i;;;' l"?., w 1" u"
their mi.: ::..t wu u"iuea "
pose for which. !"!' 0,L rur-,
liar characteristic , fT
failed. A third diLuit, I V? Z?V
la verv easv to J ty tha although it
1 brought about by vacation ."d Ze survi
val of the fittest, it .eems a lJtL
. "",Vjiotnnfl liAur ni 1 vi t 1 w ivi O XT
ery strange things
for a Creator to proteot an anhnal bymllklll5
it imitate another, wnea the very assumption
of a Creator implies His power to create it so
as to lequire no such circuitous protection.
These appear to be fatal objections to the ap
plication of the special-creation theory to this
particular case.
The other two supposed explanations,
which may be shortly expressed as the theo
ries of "similar conditions'' and of "heredity,'?
agree in making mimicry, where it exists, au
adventitious circumstance not necessarily con
nected with the well-being of the mimicking
species. But several of the most striking and
most constant facts which have been adduced
directly contradict both of these hypotheses.
The law that mimicry is confined to a few
groups only is one of these, for "similar con
ditions" must act more or less ou all groups
in a limited region, and "heredity ' must in
fluence all groups related to each other iu au
equal degree. Again, the general fact that
those species which mimic others are rare,
while those which are imitated are abundant,
is in no way explained by either of these the
ories, any more than is the frequent occur
rence ot some palpable mode ot protection
in the imitated species. "Reversion to an
ancestral type no way explains why the imi
tator and the imitated always inhabit the very
same district, whereas allied forms of every
degree of nearness and remoteness generally
inhabit dillerent countries, aud olteu dillerent
quarters of the globe; and neither it, nor
"similar conditions," will account for the
likeness between species of distinct groups
being superficial only a disguise, not a true
resemblance; for the imitation of bark, ot
leaves, of sticks, of dung; for the resemblance
between species iu different orders, and even
dillerent classes and sub-kingdoms; and unally,
for the graduated series of the phenomena,
beginning with a general harmony aud adap
tation of tint in autumn and winter moths,
and iu arctic and desert animals; ami ending
with those complete cases of detailed mimi
cry which not only deceive predacious ani
mals, but puzzle the most experienced insect
collectors and the most learned entomologists.
But there is yet another series of phenom
ena connected with this subject, which con
siderably strengthens the view here adopted,
while it seems quite incompatible with either
of the other hypotheses; namely, the relation
of protective coloring and mimicry to the sex
ual differences of animals. It will be clear to
every one that if two animals, which as regards
"external conditions" and "hereditary descent"
are exactly alike, yet differ remarkably iu
coloration, one resembling a protected species
and the other not, the resemblance that
exists in one only, can hardly be imputed
to the influence of external conditions or as
the effect of heredity. And if, further, it
can be proved that the one requires protection
more thau the other, and that in several cases
it is that one which mimics the protected
species, while the one that least requires pro
tection never does so, it will afford very strong
corroborative evidence that there is a real con
nection between the necessity for protection
and the phenomenon of mimicry. Now the
sexes of insects offer us a test of the nature
here indicated, and appear to furnish one of
the most conclusive arguments in favor of the
theory that the phenomena termed "mimicry"
are produced ty natural selection.
Ihe comparative importance of the sexes
varies much in different classes of animals.
In the higher vertebrates, where the num
ber of 'young produced at a birth is small
and the same individuals breed many years
in succession, the preservation of both sexes
is almost equally important. In all the
numerous cases in which the male protects
the lemale and her otlspring, or helps to
supply them with food, his importance in
the economy of nature is proportionally in
creased, though it is never, perhap, quite
equal to that of the female. In insects the
case is very different; they pair but once in
their lives, and the prolonged existence of
the male is in most cases quite unnecessary
for the' continuance of the race. The fe
male, however, must continue to exist
long enough to deposit her eggs in a place
adapted lor the development and growth of
the progeny. Hence there is a wide diffe
rence in the need for protection in the two
sexes; and we should, therefore, expect to
find that in some cases the special protec
tion given to the female was in the male
less in amount or altogether wanting. The
facts entirely confirm this expectation. In
the spectre insects (rhasmid.e) it is often the
females alone that so strikingly resemble
leaves, while the males show only a rude
approximation. The male Diadema bolina
is a very handsome and conspicuous butterfly,
without a sign of protective or imitative color
ing, while the female is entirely unlike her
partner, and is one of the most wonderful
cases of mimicry on record, resembling most
accurately the common Danais chrysippus, in
whose company it is often found. So in several
species of South American Pieris, the males
are white and black, of a similar type of color
ing to our own "cabbage" butterflies, while
the females are -rich yellow and buff, spotted
and marked so as to exactly resemble species
of Heliconid;e with which they associate in
the forest. In the Malay archipelago Mr.
Wallace found a Diadema which had always
been considered a male insect on account of its
glossy metallic-blue tints, while its companion
of sober brown was looked upon as the female.
He discovered, however, that the reverse is
the case, and that the rich and glossy colors of
luo icuimo iuo luuiuuve anu protective, since
they cause her exactly to resemble the com
mon Kuphi a midamus of the same regions, a
species which has beeu already mentioned iu
this article as mimicked by another butterfly,
l'apilio paradoxa. In this case, and in that of
Diadema; bolina, there is no difference in the
habits of the two sexes, which fly in similar
localities; so that the influence of "external
conditions" cannot be invoked here as it hits
been in the case of the South American I'ieris
pynha and allies, where the white males fre
quent open sunny places, while the Uelicwnia
like females haunt the shades of the forest.
We may impute to the same general eause
the greater need of protection for the female,
owing to her weaker flight, greater exposure
to attack, and supreme importance the fact of
the colors of lemale insects being so very
generally duller and less conspicuous thau
those of the other sex. And that it is chiefly
due to this cause rather than to what Mr.
Darwin terms "sexual selection," appears to
be shown by the otherwise inxplicable fact
that in the groups which have a protection of
any kind independent of concealment, sexual
differences of color are either quite wanting or
slightly developed. The llelicouidai and
Dauaida1, protected by a disagreeable flavor,
have the females as bright and conspicuous as
the males, and very rarely differing at all
from them. The stinging Hymenoptera have
the two sexes equally well colored. The
Carabidie, the Chrysomelida', and the Tele
phori have both sexes equally conspicuous,
and seldom differing in colors. The brilliant
I'urculios, which are protected by their hard
ness, are brilliant in both sexes. Lastly, the
glittering Cetoniadm and Buprestid;e, which
seem to be protected by their hard aud polished
toats, their rapid motions and peculiar habits,'
prebeut few sexual differences of color, while
sexual selectiou has often manifested itself by
structural differences, such as horns, spines,
: or other processes.
The same , law manifests itself in birds.
The female, while sitting on her eggs, re
quires protection by concealment to a much
treater extent than the uibIh! an.l tr h lift.
cordingly find that in a large majority of
the cases in which the male birds are dis
tinguished by unusual brilliancy of plumage,
the females are much more obscure, and
often remarkably plain-colored. The excep
tions are such as eminently to prove the rule,
for in most cases we can see a very good rea
Bon lor mem. in particular, there a tew in
stances among wading and gallinaceous birds
in which the female has decidedly more bril
liant colors thau the male; but it is a most
curious and interesting fact that In most, if
not all, these cases the males sit upon the
eggs; so that this exception to the usual rule
almost demonstrates that it is because the pro
cess of incubation is at once very important
and very dangerous, that the protection of
obscure coloring is developed. The most
striking example is that of the sooty phalarope
(l'halaopus fulicarius, Linn.) In winter plu
mage the sexes of this bird are alike in colora
tion, but in summer the female is much the
most conspicuous, having a black head, dark
wings, and reddish-brown back, while the
male is nearly uniform brown, with dusky
spots. Mr. Gould, in his "Birds of Great
Biitain," figures the two sexes in both winter
and summer plumage, and remarks on the
strange peculiarity of the usual colors of the
two sexes being reversed, and also on the still
more curious fact that the "male alone sits on
the eggs," which are deposited on the bare
giound. In another British bird, the dot
terell, the female is also lighter and more
brightly colored than the male; and it seems
to I e proven that the males assist in incuba
tion, even if they do not perforin it entirely;
for Mr. Would tells us, that they have beeu
bhot with the breast bare of feathers,
caused by sitting on the eggs." The
small quail-like birds, forming the genus
Tu mix, have also generally large and
bright-colored females, and we are
told by Mr. Jerdon, in his "Birds of India,"
that "the natives report that during the breed
ing season the females desert their eggs, and
associate in flocks while the males are em
ployed in hatching the eggs." It is also an
ascertained fact that the females are more
bold and pugnacious than the males. A
further confirmation of this view is to be
found in the fact (not hitherto noticed) that
in a large majority of the cases in which bright
colors exist in both sexes, incubation takes
place in a dark hole or in a dome-shaped nest.
Female kingfishers are olteu equally brilliaut
with the males, and they build in holes in
banks. Bee-eaters, trogons, motmots, and
toucans all build in holes, and in none is there
any difference in the sexes, although they are,
without exception, showy birds. Parrots
build in holes in trees, and in the majority
of cases they present no marked sexual dif
ference tending to the concealment of the
female. Woodpeckers are in the same cate
gory, since, though the sexes often differ in
color, the female is not generally less con
spicuous than the male. Wagtails and titmice
build concealed nests, and the females are
nearly as gay as their mates. The female of
the pretty Australian bird l'ardalotus puncta
tus is very conspicuously spotted on the
upper surface, and it builds in a hole in the
ground. The gay-colored hang-nests (Icte
rime), and the equally brilliant Tanagers, may
be well contrasted; for the former, concealed
in their covered nests, present little or no
sexual difference of color while the open
nested Tanagers have the females dull-colored
and sometimes with almost protective tints.
No doubt there are many individual exceptions
to the rule here indicated, because many and
various causes have combined to determine
both the coloration and the habits of birds.
These have, no doubt, acted and reacted on
each other; and then, under changed condi
tions, it may well have happened that one
has become modified, while the other has been
continued by hereitary descent, and exists as
an apparent exception to what otherwise
seems a very general rule. The facts pre
sented to us by the sexual differences of
color in birds and their mode of nesting, are
on the whole in perfect harmony with that
law of protective adaptation of color and form
which appears to have checked to Some ex
tent the powerful action of sexual selection,
and to have materially influenced the coloring
of female birds, as it has undoubtedly done
that of female insects.
We have now completed a brief, and neces
sarily very imperfect, survey of the various
ways in which the external form and coloring
of animals is adapted to be useful to them,
either by concealing them from their enemies
or from the creatures they prey npon. It has,
we hope, been shown that the subject is one
of much interest, both as regards a true com
prehension of the place each animal fills in the
economy of nature, and the means by which it
is enabled to maintain that place; and also as
teaching us how importaut a part is played by
the minutest details in the structure of ani
mals, and how complicated and delicate is the
equilibrium of the organic world. Westminster
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F?TI , , ,roofHAFK8 on band, with Inside
KdM and B"rKlr-PWr"f,r free ,ro,., dampueo
doort. lwelllu-u,UBr).h uiM;MHKIH)B,
Price low. " " No. l VI N hi Htrt
6
COAL.
.t i. rn nFAT.KKH IN
M ' 1 1 II ill I FU IG1J and KAtlLhi VF.l N
U Alt Lt 1U11 I F" I"" ared exprmsly
CUA'I "k iPT dry "uTr S3ra
for l'uiully hhb. V a'"',.,1 J vVvi' uil
Aveuue. onlce, No. 61 WAIN U 1 buoet.
GOVERNMENT SALES.
G OVF.HNMfcNT BALK OF THE MILITARY
X J'.iulioHd ul liraxoa Hnntlano. Texaa. O.Uee
( uiei liuHrleiiuuHier KUtli Military District,
New OneHtis, Lh,, July 9, 1K07.
Healed 1'ropohHlH will he received at this office
lim II 12 M., Auiuml 24, 1807. lor lue purchase of
nil tlie rlnlit, UUe, and interest of the United
KtHlen Iu nud totlie United HirIph Military Hail
rnmt Itoru Urn aim SaUllugo to While's lUiuohe,
Texas.
ll o ale will Include the entire track and
BlolniiR, buildings, water matlons, turu-lablex,
etc , the rnllioad imiterinlg, tlie pupplles per
taining to the romi, together with the rolllug
Hlook, enra, machinery, and other equipment,
us Jollows:
4 Claw liars.
2 Hhacklo liars.
2 Finch r.iira.
4 Square BrnnNes.
2 HhlpplnR iiuxes.
7 Flat Cam.
UtO Railroad Chairs.
2",(j(j0 rounds Knllrimd Chairs.
i rust! enr Frame.
2 Crow's Feet,
4 Kallroi
Irond Froes and Swltrh stand.
i iracK uatine.
".Etio pounds Kuilrond Iron.
1 Locomotive and Tender.
1 Locomotive.
1 Head-light Locomotive
14 Coupling Links.
4 Hplko Mauls,
2 Hpikn Fuuches.
5ftl pounds Car 8prings.
2 JuckKcrews aud Levers.
2F! pi unds Kailroad Hplke.
Hi miles Railroad Track.
2 Turn-Tables.
62.5 Cross 'lies.
1 Flro Tongs.
2 Push Car WtieelB.
2 Hciew Wrenches.
1 Cooking Htove.
I Stove.
3 Hand Cars.
1 rush Car.
Tills pale will not include tue bridge over the
Boca Chlca.
'ilie sale will not Include the title to the
laud, which does not belong to the United
Btates.
This road Is about ten miles lu length, and
extends Irom llruzos San lingo to White's
Itanche, on the Rio Cirande. FrontbU point
connection Is made by steamer with Browns-
vino aim DiaiHiiiuniH.
The route is the allot lea'. nd best for the im
mense trallio between t he Oulf of Mexico and
the Interior southern Texas and northern
Mexico, and the communication by rail alone
tai readily be extended to Brownsville.
Tne road aluady completed saves thirty
nines oi uinicun anu tortuous navigation. 1 no
road is five leet gauge, good ties, T rail, aud full
spiked.
The property may be Inspected on application
to Captain C. II. Hoyt, A. M., Brownsville,
Texas, and any Information desired may be ob
tained from that oflicer. or from the olliee of the
Chiet liunrtermaster Filth Military District,
.New Orleans, La.
A condition of the sale will be that transpor
tation bl).il be furnished for all Government
troops ,and supplies whenever required, at
rates not to exceed those paid by the United
Slates to other railroad companies in the Fifth
Military District.
The terms of payment accepted will be those
considered tne most lavoruoie to the uovern
ineut.
Ten per cent, cash, In Government funds, to
oe puia on acceptance oi proposal,
Tne Government reserves the right to reject
any or all proposals.
Proposals should be Indorsed "Proposals for
tne purchase of Brazos Santiago and Rio Grande
Railroad," and addressed "Brevet Lieutenant
Colonel A. J. McGonnigle. A. O,. M. U. H. Armv.
oflice Chief Quartermaster Fifth Military Dis
trict, new ui leans, Pia."
A. G. McGONNIGLE,
Brevet Lieut.-Col. and A. U M. U. 8. Army,
$20 it In charge of office.
T ARGE SALE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY.
J..J
Office Army Clothing and Equipage, 1
bT. Louis, Mo., August 15, 1807.
Will be sold at public auction, at the DEPOT
OF ARMY CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE, No.
(107 North MAIN Street, St. Louis, on TUES
DAY, the 3d day of September next, com
mencing at 11 o'clock A. M., to be continued
irom day to day, the following articles of Army
Clothing and Kqulpnge.
"2,ut)0 Great Coats (footmen's).
58.1)00 Great Coats (horsemen's).
60,000 Uniform Hats.
50,000 Ostrich Feathers.
50.000 Hat Cords and Tassels (blue).
50,000 Forage Caps.
3,111 Uniform Frock Coats.
45,000 Uniform Jackets.
,461 Veteran Reserve Jackets.
$M Knit Jackets.
8,0h0 Lined Sack Coats.
OH, 212 Unllned Sack. Coats.
7,000 Overalls.
(1,000 Stable Frocks.
S'J,4.'o Knit Shirts.
6.945 Knit Drawers.
ZO.tKiO Leather Neck Stocks.
1,000 Worsted Sashes.
2K2 Pairs Boots.
16.053 Pairs Bootees.
12,10 Pairs Trowsers (footmen's).
15,0o0 Pairs Trowsers (horsemen's).
50,000 Haversacks,
60,000 Knapsacks.
25,000 Kubber Blankets.
0,5(0 Weollen Blankets.
20,000 Pick Axes.
15,400 Pick Axe Handles.
These articles are all new, and offer great in
ducements to dealers throughout the country,
A small quantity of damaged property will be
sold at the same time and place. Samples of all
may be seen at the Depot within ten days ol
sale, and catalogues had.
Terms Cash in Government funds, ten per
cent, down, the balance before the 'goods are
taken from the Depot, which must be within
five days after the sale, under forfeiture of the
purchase and the ten per cent, deposited.
By order of the Quartermaster-General,
JOHN F. RODGEUd,
Captain and Military Storekeeper
8 it) 13t United States Army.
T ARGE SALE OF NEW MATERIAL.
XJ
Depot Quartkrmastkr's Office,
Washington, D. O., August 15, 1807. f
By direction of the Quartermaster-General a
large lot of new Quartermaster's Stores and
LI k ( 1 ,. I . V. nl.t . n I.Mi. ai.nllnn
WCUIWUOB Will .UIU V IUUIIU ailVbiUU.
at Lincoln Depot, under the supervision of
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel James M. Moore,
Quartermaster U. S. A., on MONDAY. Sep
tember 2, commencing at 10 A. M., consisting iu
part ol
ios lbs. ingot copner.
90 coal oil lamps,
5.000 table legs.
675 coal ou burners,
4000 tin cups,
2500 lbs. iron wire.
17,444 lbs.asst. iron nuts,
7,481 lbs. Iron and cop
per rivets,
14,648 handles.axe.pick,
058 lbs. R. R. and other
spikes,
103 carpenters', etc,
clamps,
7079 lbs. oil tanned
leather,
81(1 lbs. kole leather,
24Kt lbs. oakum,
177 lbs. Mica,
210 lbs. packing hemp,
271 spools W. and B.
piane, etc.,
110 wagon saddle
trees, 210 wrenches. Gov
ernment put
tern, 0 gang saws,
244 yds. paper muslin,
1,382 ft. linen hose,
2u0 ft. gutta percha
l i j i inn ,
8100 ft. coll chain,
tuoing.
ALSO,
130 lbs. aloes.
ouo ids. Buipuute cop
per, 100 lbs. alum,
802 lbs. glauber salts,
100 lbs. epsom fait,
100 lbs. nitrate potus-
SU3,
56 lbs. cream tartar.
100 lbs. calomel,
100 lbs. sugar lead,
610 lbs sulphur,
100 lbs. tartar emetic,
75 lbs. corrosive subli
mate, 30 lbs. iodide potassa,
447 lbSwOlls juniper, p
ke, amber, wi ntergreeu,
British, croton, hemlock, etc. etc; 473 lbs. tinc
tures, lobelia, ginger, Iodine, myrrh, hemlock,
etc Red precipitate, spatulas, prescription,
acales, syringes, ointment, do. Jars, eio. etc.
Catalogues of sale can be hud upon applica
tion. Terms Cash In Government funds.
By order of General V. II. Tompkins, Depot
Ouai termaster.
JAMES M. MOORE,
8 17 13t Bvt. Lieut-Col., Q. M. In charge.
HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTING.
p A I N T I N C.
THOMAS At FA1IT,
UOtaB AK1 MIUM PAIMTElt,
(Late Fatty Bra)
No. 31 North TUIUI Streat !
Above Market.
OLD BRICK FItONTH done np, and made to look
eoiial Ul the nuest pre brick, bumplett al the allow
City nut) country iruite lullcited. All orders bv Punt
promptly attended to. 41luiw
PROPOSALS.
-IMPROVEMENT OK ' THE DF,3 MOINES
JL KAPIDa OF THE Mississippi rimu-Z rj
U. H. Knuioekh Ofkick. i
. Davenport, Iowa, July 24, iNtf.f
Sealed proposals, in duplicate, will be re
ceived at this ollit e until 12 M., V EbNESDAY
September 4,1807. for excavating the prlsrn and
const luctlng the embankment wall $ the
Rapids. Mlhhl8Kl'1 rlver t e Des luiuei -
'Ihe Canal Is to be about VA (seven and n
half) miles long f xtemllug'Vo.n Nashville &
Keokuk, Iowa. The width at the water siirfoA
nslde the canal to be 800 three hundred) feet
In embankment, aud 200 (two hundred aud
tiltyj leet in excavation, and in low water to b
6 (live) feet deep. All the material excavated
from the prism of the canal to be used in build,
li g Ihe embankment. The latter throughout
the greater part of the distance will be about
rfoo (three hundred) leet from the Iowa snore
Where rock excavation occurs, the bottom of
the catial will have a Mope of 1 (one and one
hiilf ) Inches to the mile. The embankment is
tobet)u;ltof earth clay and rock; to be 10 (tea)
fet wide on lop, Including the rip-rap cover,
lug: to be 2 (t wo) feet above high-water mark
wlih slopes of 1 (one and one-half) base to I
(one) vertical. The average thickness of the
rlp-rap protection to be 2 (two aud one-half)
feetou the river side, 2 (two) feet on thecauai
side, and 1 (one) foot on top.
All propositions must state the prlceat which
each and every kind of work speciiled In the
proposal la to be done, and no bid will be con.
bidered that Is not definite lu this respect.
The Government reserves the rigui to reject
any and all bids.
A pi Inted copy of this advertisement must be
attneued to each proposal.
Each bid must contain a written or printed
guarantee signed by two responsible persons.
Blanks iur proposals of the form required.
Willi lorm ol guarantee, will be iurnlsUed at
this office on application.
The price or prices lu the contract will be con
sidered as Including the expense of furnishing
all the materials aud performing all the work,
according to the plans and speciUcatious exhi
bited at the letting.
a he entiie cobt of the canal Is estimated at
12,008,345 (two million slxty elsht thousand
three hundred and forty-ftve). Theamount ap
propriaUd by Congress Is $700,000 (seven hun
dred thousand dollars) the contract can only
be mane to cover this amount.
Fifteen (15) per cent, of the amount of any
work done or materials furnished, at the con
tract price thereof, will be reserved until the
whole work which Is the subject of contract
Shall be entirely completed.
Persons desiring further information cau
obtain the same by calling at this ofllce, where
maps, plans, specifications, aud form ot con
tract can be consulted.
Proposals must be addressed to the under
signed, and should be endorsed "Proposals for
work on the improvement of the Des Moines
Rapids." J. H WILSON,
Llent.-Col. 35th Infantry,
7 80 4w Bvt- Major-Gcnerul U. B. Army.
pR0POSALS FOR A NEW JAIL.
Department ok thb Interior. I
Washington, D. C, July 31, 1807.
Sealed proposals will be received at this De
partment until 12 o'clock M on TUESDAY, the
17th of September, 1807, for the erectiou of the
Jail In and for the District of Columbia, autho
rized and provided for by the act of Congress,
approved July 25, 18011. and the Joint resolutipu
approved March 2, 1807.
The designs, detail, drawings, and specifica
tions cau be seen at the architect's oilice, in
the eastern grounds ol the Capitol, Washington
city, every duy, except Sundays, between the
hours of 9 A. M. and 3 P. M.
Separate bids will be received for the ma
sonry work, brick work, lrou work, and car
pentry work.
The contractor whose bid may be accepted
will be required to enter iuto a sufficient bond,
to be approved by the Secretary of the Interior,
for the faithful completion of his contract.
Payments will be made as the work progresses,
on estimates certified to by the architect: but
twenty per centum of the estimates will be
retained until the contract is completed.
The contract will be awarded to the lowest '
responsible bidder, but the Department re
serves the right to rejeot any or allot the bids
snouid it ue ueemeu lor the interest of the
Government to do so.
The bids will be opened at noon on the 18th
day of September next, in presence of such of
tne uiauers as may choose to attend.
Proposals should be eudorsed ou tho envelone
"Proposals for New Jail," and be directed to
the "Secretary of the Interior, Washington.
DC
O. H. BROWNING,
8 21 1 9 17 Secretary of the Iuterlor.
PHILADELPHIA DEPOT.
JL
Assistant Quartermaster's Office.!
XT n 'in ..... . .... i . I
1.
Philadelphia. Auizuhl id. 1807.
Proposals will be received ai this ofllce nnt.li l'i
o'clock M., SATURDAY, August 24th, 1867, to
restore to its original condition eleven hundred
and fifteen (1115) feet, more or less, of "Willow
Grove Avenue.1' Chesnut Hill, Philadelphia,
on ths grounds formerly occupied by the United
States Government in connection with the
"Mower"' Hospital.
Each bid must be guaranteed by two respon
sible persons, whose signatures must be ap
pended to the bid, and certified to as being good
and sufficient security for theamount Involved,
by the United States District Judge, Attorney,
Collector, or other public officer.
Plunk forms for bids can be had on applica
tion at this office, and bidders are requested to
be present at the opening of the same.
The right is reserved to reject any bid deemed
too high, and no bid from a defaulting con
tractor will be received.
Endorse envelopes, "Proposals for Repairs to
Willow Grove avenue."
By order of Brevet Major-General G. H. Cros
man, Assistant Quartermaster-General, United
Slates Army,
HENRY W. JANE3,
Captain aud Assistant Quartermaster,
8 19 5t) Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, U. S. A.
WANTS. "
B
00K AGENTS IN LUCK AT LAST.
Tbe crisis Is passed. The hoor baa come to lift the
veil of secreBy which bag hitherto enveloped tbelnnwc
history of tbe (treat civil war, and this Is doue by oiler
lug to the public Ueaeral 1 O. Baker's
"HISTORY OF THE SECRET SERVICE."
For thrilling Interest this book transcends all the
romances ot a ihousaudlyears. and conclusively preves
that "truth la stranger lhau tlcilon."
Agents are clearing from flOO to 300 per month,
which we can prove to aoy doubting appllcaat. A
few more cau obtain agencies In territory yet unoccu
pied. Address
P. GARRETT CO .
JNO. 70S CllEJbNUT STRKET, '
7 21 PHILADELPHIA.
WANTED FOR THE U. 8. MARINE
Corps, able-bodied Hi KM. Recrolts niiisi be
able-bodleu, young, unmarried men. They will be
employed la tlie Uoveruuimii Navy-yards and lu
fchij of War on foielfcrn stations. 1'or further lulor
tuallon apply to
JAMES LKW79,
Captain and Kenruitlng Ollii er,
1 frnw tf No. till B. VUOR'S ttueel.
GARDNER & FLEMING,
COACH MAKEK8,
. H KOCT1I FIFTH NTUCET.
Ne w and Second-hand Carriages for sale. Tar
tlcnlar attention paid to repairing-. 5 808m
CEORCE PLOWMAN,
OAItPKNTKR AND BUII.DKll.
UEMOVJKn
To 1Vo.i:.a DOCK Strt,
PHrLADEU'iriA.
SLATE MANTELS.
BLATK MAMTKLB are unsurpassed lor Durability
Beaoty. trenKth.andCheapnpM
made to oruer. ' ""i Work aeueran
J- U. ICIMKS A CO..
8 12 tu k o U26 aud im CHKHN fJT ttuoel.