THE DAILY KVEfrlM TELKGKArfl.--PHILADELPHIA, SATURDAY, fiECljjiBEft IS,1 1866.
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SATURDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1860.
Mi. Lincoln and Reconstruction.
Th. authority of Mr. Lincoln's example Is bo
often pleaded bj the conservatives In favor
ot Mr. Johnson's present position and policy
wiib re' rence to the . reconstruction of the
late Kebel States, that t may be worth while
to refresh the memory of our readers with
what Mr. Ltnco n's opinions and policy on
tbli topic realy were. And first, we may
jsay Uat Mr. Lincoln, throughout h58 whole
career, save no countenance to the present
conservative theory, that the Rebellion did
not affect the status of the Rebel States as
members of the Union. On the contrary, he
constantly malntaned, or rather took it for
granted, ihat the Rebellion had worked the
overthrow ot loyal State Governments in the
Rebel State Governments, wlfch had usurped
their places, were of no validity or rightful
authority. Hence, he maintained tbat the
re-establishment of loyal State Governments
in the Rebel States was a necessity. ' Thus,
in hU proclamation of the 8th December,
1863, embracing a plan of reconstruction, he
says, "And, whereas, a Rebellion now exists,
.whereby the loyal State Governments of
aeoeral States have for a long time been sub
t)ertd" unmistakably showing that he
regarded the several State Governments then
existing in the Rebel States as of no validity
whatever.
Mr. : Lincoln's ideas upon this subject of
reconstruction, as set forth in this proclama
tion, embraced these main points: First,
that the general Government was authorized
to reconstruct the States by that clause of
the Constitution which makes it a duty of
the Uni'ed States to guarontee to each State
in the Union a republican form of govern
ment; secondly, that only those citizens who
were loyal should take patt in the work of
reconstruction; thirdly, that any. plan he
might adopt was merely experimental, and
liable to be superseded by a better one,
should it be discovered; fourthly, that the
main dependence was, after all, upon the
army and navy ; and, fifthly, that the whole
matter of the admission of members from
any State rested exclusively with Congress,
and not to any extent with the Executive.
Upon the first of these points he remarked :
u 1 'he c institutional obligation of the
United Stat s to guarantee to every State in
the Union a republican form of government,
and to protect the State in the case stated, is
explicit and full. This section of the Consti
tution contemplates a case wherein tlio
element in a S ate favorable to republican
government in the Union, may be too feeble
tor an opposite and hostile element external
to or even within the State ; and such are pre
cisely the cases with which we are now
dealing."
Upon the second point he said : "An attempt
to guarantee and protect a rival State Gov
ernment, constructed in whole, or in prepon
derating part, from the very element against
whose hostility and violence it Is to be pro
tected, is simply absurd ." Hence he excluded
from participation in this work of reconstruc
tion all persons who were, or had been, con
nected ri ith the Confederate army or navy,
above the rank of Colonel in the former and
Lieutenant in the latter; all who left seats
In the United States Congress, or resigned
commlss'ons in the army or navy of the
United States, to aid the Rebellion; and all
persons who had treated our soldiers, colored
or white, otherwise than lawfully as prisoners
of war. These terms of exclusion, it will be
sees, are much more rlgoious than those of
the Constitutional amendment, and were such
as would have put the reconstructed States
Into loyal bands alone.
In regard to the third point, he wished to
be understood that "this proclamation h
intended to present the people of the States
wherein the national authority has beeu sus
pended, and the loyal State Governments
have been ' subverted, a mode in and by
which the national authority and loyal
JState Governments may be re-established
within said States, or in any of them And,
while the mode presented is the best, w'aich
tne Xitxecuwvc iu suggest witu uis present
1 impressions, it must not be understood that
nn nthftr nossible mode would be successful."
jw w '
And In his last public speech, delivered only
three days before his assassination, in discuss
in? what had already been done In the
work of reconstruction, he said that no exclu
' give and Inflexible plan could be prescribed,
and that in the present situation it might be
his duty "to make some new announcement
to the people of the South." ,
: - Upon the fourth point he said ; "'We mus
not lose sight of the fact tbat the war-power
s still our main reliance. To that powr
alone can we look, for a time, to give confl
dence to the people in the contested regions
that the insurgent power will not again over
run them." i
The full and exclusive power of Congress
over the ".amission oi memoers iroin these
States, Mr. Lincoln repeatedly and carefully
recoenized. Nor did he, in any manner, at
tempt to interfere witn tnia prerogative ot
Congress! or to Influence the action ot that
, tody with reference to applicants for seats. . '
Mr. Lincoln's policy was a tentative one,
adapted to emergencies when they arose, and
Calculated to assist our armies In the field, by
breaking down the moral and physical power
of the Rebels In the States themselves.1 He
encouraged the people of the South to form
loyal State Governments, not that he might
rush a crowd of hungry applicants for admis
sion to the doors of Congress, and claim rights
for them, but that the nucleus of loyal com
munities might be established In the Rebel
States, and thus ibef TntgorTJTSdTnilij be
brought back to their true relations with the
Union. Had he lived, there can hardly be a
doubt that he would have been found acting
in full accord with the representatives of the
people; and that now, instead of beholding
the so-called State Governments of the South
in the hands ot Rebels, we should have Been
loyal men at the head of affairs there, and
the problem of reconstruction would have
been already and happily solved.
Jkwbtt to FoKHEY.-We publish else
where to-day an appeal from Hon. William
Cornell Jewett. to Hon. John W. Forney,
urging the latter to withdraw his letter of
refusal to be a candidate foFUniteoT States
Senator for this State. The letter Itself we
published yesterday. The appeal of Mr.
Jewett is well written, and contains sound
argument. .There can. be no question, what
ever may be the opinion of Colonel Forney
personally, that he stands in the foremost
ranks of the friends of liberty. We doubt,
however, if Mr. Jewett's argument wl 1 per
suade Colonel Forney to alter his determina
tion. OVERWHELMING
TESTIMONIALS.
FrpmiDent among those American firm whioh
bare gained enviable distinction abroad must be
classed tbe piano forte " manutaotnrors, Messrs.
Chickering & Sons It ia not our purpose here
to dwell upon tbe success achieved in bo enter
prising a manner bf those gentlemen ; bat rather
to review tbe ceitificates wh'ch their Instruments
have won, not only from the most celebrated
pianists in Europe, bat also from the leading
piano manufacturer! of London. 1 his latter faot
isoneol which the American publlo, Jointly with
tbe successful American manufacturer, may be
justly proud. Doubtless oar readers are aware
tbat the eminent artist, Go'tschalk, would play on
none but a Ch'cker.ng piano, lie considered tnese
instruments equal, if not superior, to any In the
world, and, ere his dopaiture, ho stated as much
in a most flattering letter written to the manu
facturers. The attention of European performers on tha
piano, and of the public of Paris, London, Vienna,
and St. Petersburg, was oalled first to tbe Chloier.
ing piano through the certificate of the gteat maestro,
fhalberg, wbo unhesitatingly pronounoed these in
strument admirable in every detail, and tbe equal
of any manufactured More recently, Wehlf, the
popular pianist, played at all his concerts in this
country upon a Chickering " Concert Grand," and
became so infatuated with the instrument tbat, upon
bis return to Europe, he took one with him. While
in London, the at'ention of musical circle was
attracted to this splendid epeoimon of Amerioan
manufacture, and we find Mr. Charles D.CoUard,
of the firm of Collard & Col'ard, piano mann-
lecturers, of London, writing as follows about it:
London, July 14, 1808.
Jambs M. Wbhli, Esq.:
My f)earSir:l hare great pleasure in asking you
to oonrey to Messrs. Chickering the expression of
my highest approral ot their instrument. It is, I
consider, not merely tbe boat instrument of Ameri
can manufacture that I hare tried, but one of the
finest giand pismo-fortea tbat has erer eome under
my observation; and the Messrs. Chickering may
weil be proud of having turned out from their man
ufactory an iustrumont which, for touch, quality,
power, and workmanship, it wou'U be very difficult
to s 'ii pass in any part ot the wide world.
Dear sir, very sincerely yours,'
Charles D. Collabo.
In addition to this certificate, one of tbe most
pleasant which the Chlokerings bare so deservedly
received, must be noticed the fact tbat the celebrated
firm of Broadwood fc Sons, piano manufacturers, In
London, wbo pronounoe the Chickering piano, as
per their signed certificate:" good an instru
met as wa$ ever turned out, both in touch and
tone."
Uerr Carl Keinecke, successor to tbe positions of
Mendelssohn In the Conservatoire, and as conduotor
of the famed "Gerwandhause Concerts" in Leipsio,
sent to tbe succes-iul American firm the following
acknowledgment:
I hereby assert and affirm tbat tbo grand piano-
forte of Chickering and Sons, of Boston and New
York, whioh I hare tried and examined. Is one of
tbe finest instrument ot the class tbat erer camo to
my notice.
Leifbio, July, 1861
Y. von Arnold, tbe celebrated Russian com
poser and pianift, has likewie bad occasion to test
the qualities oi tbe Chickering piano, and be testifies,
in the moBt complete manner, to their excellence.
His certificate is so conclusive that we can do no
better than to append It here, a fully carrying out
our idea regarding a fine instrument i
At Mr. LeveU's, In Leipslo, I have this day (Ju y
24th, 1866), examined a grand piano-ibrte
from the manulaotory ot Mews. Chickering &
Sols, ot Boston. It ia a concert instrument of seven
and one-third octaves, with regard to which I would
make the following remarks:
Writ. The action is so finely ba'ancod that any
gradation of power can be obtained, from the most
delioatu lightness to the greatest foroe.
, Sew fid. Botwien tbe two extreme of the key
board tbe vibration are perfectly equal in gradu
ated rower. lhe'"l .ging" quality of tbe instru
ment (prolongation of sound), especially in tbe
middle octaves, is greatly developed, and i ex
ceedingly beauti'nl. Iho bas Is lull, uniform,
powerful, without harshness, - and tho ensemble
very beautiful.
Third. Nothing finer than this instrument ooula
be desired, with regard to power and fulness of
tone. In conclusion, it must be acknowledged that
this instruuiuiit i one ot the most poifect plno
for e of cur time namely, a regards tone ia
(tneral. and in the perfection of it mechaoioal
paitr. -
Leifbio, July, 1866.
X. to Arnold.
To conclude this briel notice of a success which
may be termed National in it intorett, we may oft
the fact that, among the numerous name signed
to a oortifloate nloa.lifng the Cblckerirjjr piano,
may be loond those of tbe following eminent Euro
pean blanlsts: ' 4 - J .'.;
Ababblla Goddabd,
O. A. Obbobhb,
W. K una, ' "
Jules Bbmdiot,
M. W. Balm,
Chablks LlALLa,
BaiNl BT JtlOHABDS,
Rkhb Favabqbr, I
Stdbsy Smith, !
Giulo BaookDA, :
- AIRBED J A ELL,
LlBDSAT SLOP BR,
J. Mosobile, Profeneur au- Conservatoire de
Leipiio.
ts. Abthcr Cuapfkl, Director of Monday Con
eertt, LontUm.
1be foliewing letter will be read with satisfaction
by all wbo take pride In the Just appreciation
abroad of American skill and Ingenuity in hor manu
factures t ' i ,
ITJurrBD State Cowsulatb,
Dublin, Prussia, November 7. 1836- .
AlKBFHS. CHICXBBIKO ft SOB, fi06TON, MASS!
Gentlemen! I profit of the opportunity afforded
by the return to Boston of my friond, tlugo Leon
bard Eeq., tbe eminent pianist of your city, to do
what ought to hare been done ere this, to aoqnalnt
you ol the safe arrival of the magnifioont "Chioker
ring" Grand Fiano whioh Mr. Leonhatd had been
good enough to select lor me.
Thanks to your care and foresight, it oame in por"
fect order, notwithstanding the frequent handling
to which it bad been necesarily subjected on it
long passage from Boston to Berlin. Ih Instru
ment, In regard to its elegant a tasteful exterior, as
well as Its beautiful tone and porfeot action, Is every
thing that I could hare desired.
All those who bare aeon, heard, examined, and
played upon it among Ihcra the very best judtros in
Berlin, piano players a woll a piano makors
cai not sufficiently admire it, and pronounce it supe
i lor to any Grand Pianos made here or olso where in
Getmany, not excepting the widely and juJy cele
brated "Beobstein" instruments, of this oity. Tho
quality of the tone of your splendid instrument i
found to be so refined and pure, it "sings" so beau
tifully, as. tbe German express It, the quautity of
its tone is so lull, iound, and ample; tbo gradation
of strength from tbe lower to tbe upper registers so
complete and even, and it action and mechanism
eo perfect, tbat all ponour in the opinion tbat Its
equal in excellence and perfection has not before
been seen In Benin.
So numerous bare been the encomium passed
upon it, in many instances, from looal prido, given
on y b cause their sense of Jnstios and love of truth
compelled the eminent gentlemen to give them and
for lhat reason all tho more valuable that, I assure
you, gentiemon, I esteem it a prlriege, and leel
proud to be in possession of this splendid specimen
cf Amorlcan art, lngonultr, and skill.
With my compliment and bent wishes for your
continued woll deservod sucoess,
I am, gent'omon, your obedient servant,
H. Kbkismaitn,
United States Consul.
CMCKERIKG ROOMS,
No. 914 CHESNIJT STREET.
WILLIAM H. DUTTON.
A
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TT A W S E R MARTINGALE'S
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MARK ROWLAND, .
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