MBMfttSM
TO
lglE
MIL! INERY, TRIMMINGS, ETC.
THE CHEAP STORE.
FREEMAN & CO..
'
Corner EIGHTH and VINE StsJ
i
Indies', Misses', and Children'
HATS,
KEDUOED FHOM
ir, Cent to 3T Cents.
St'OO to 73 Centa.
$1T,0 to $1-00.
1M-00 to $1-50. 1
!:P00 to Sa00,
IN AIX THE SEW STYLES AND SHADES.
Wehaveaiso made Great Reduction in oar Urge
10CK0F
MILLINERY COODS.
10 20 2m FREEMAN & CO.
!K 13 L TP II iV rr s.
go
P3
Pi
(
m
w
-!
W
Pi
no
E-i
w
p-l
WOOD
AND
GARY,
No. 729
ciiesn in
STRERT.
11 O N NETH
AMD
HATS
IlEDUCED.
f
(5
i
Pi
O
Pi
2
BONNET MATERIALS.
0. 13 NORTH EIGHTH STREET.
We are Now Closing Our Entire Stock of
Slack and Colored Bonnet Velvet,
Gros d'Afrique Eoyal Velvet,
All Widths of Colored and Black Ribbon?,
Black and Colored Velvet Ribbons,
Artificial Flowers,
Ostrich and Fancy Feathers,
Lace Edgings, Etc. Etc. Etc.,
AT GHEATLY IlEDUCED PRICES.
Call and see us before purchasing elsewhere.
HELLER, FIECEL Sl HELLER,
11 IS tutht9t Ho. IS North EIGHTH Btreet.
MOURNING COODS.
Having made the -Alournlog Department of n
establishment a specialty, 1 am prepared to fur
nlsh, at the shortest notice, every description o
Mourning Millinery, particular attention i
directed to my fine nd vailed assortment ol
Widows' Bonnets, C aps. Veils, R i bbons. Jets, etc
MADEMOISELLE KEOGII,
5o. 004 WALKTJT 8TBEET.
SPLENDID OPENING OF FALL AND
KVW1NTKR BTTLE8.-MKS. M. A. BINDER,
A. KINDER,
Philadelphia,
. tV1 o U'81 CtfkHM'T Ktroet, Philadelphia,
II
IMPORTER OK LADIteS' DRESo AND
CLOAK TRlMAllaGS. Also, an elegant stock ot
Imported Paper I'ait. rns for Ladies' and Children's
Dress. Parisian Dress and cloak Making in all Its
varieties. Ladies lurnleblng their rich and costly
material may re.y ou Derog artistically fitted, and
their work finished In lb most prompt aud etll
clent manner, at thfc lowest possible prices, at twenty
lour hours' notice. Cutting and basting. Patterns in
acts, or by the single piece, for merchant and dress
makers, now ready. 920iiuiiJ
MRS. R. DILLON,
Nos. 323 and 331 SOUTH Street.
v Has a handsome assortment of M1LLIKERT, Misses'
and Intents' Hat and Caps, Bilks, Velvet', Crapes
Hibboos fathers. Floweryl'rarues.er, 7 Uii
' CARPETINGS.
JjEEDOM & SHAW,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
tCAHPET WAREHOUSE
' No. 910 ARCH STREET.
Just received per steamer, an Invoice ol new and
handsome designs of CH09SLEV6 .TAPE8TKIE8. en
tirely new for this market (i Smrp
Also, a lnU assortment of PKUOQETB In aU widths.
QAKPETINGS! CARPETINGS!
Reduced to Present Gold Price.
J. T. rtELACROI X,
No 37 S. SECOND Street,
ABOVE C11E3XIT,
Has received per lute arrivals,
200 BIECE8 J. CROSSLEY. & SONS'
BRUSSELS CARPpETING
NEW AND ELEGANT PATTERNS, i
Also a large line of THBEK-PLY EXTRA ,
AND tINK INOFAIB CARPETS. DAMASK
VJENETlA KrAlItANDHALLCARPETINUS.COr
TaOK AND RAUCARETnOILCLOTHS.8HA.LK3
H.e., wblcb will be solfl low in consequence of thef
JnOold. J. T. DKLACKOIX, , ,
Uo. n 8. SECOND Htreet,
10 27stuth2in Between Chosnut and Market.
FALL STYLE HATS.
THEO,.':'H.,M,OALLA,
Hat and Cap Emporium,
Ko. 804 CHESNUT Street.
CHEAPEST PRINTIKQ IN PHILADELPHIA
AT THE ' ' j
advening Telegraph" Staam Job Printing Rooms
"No. 108 South THIRD Street,
SECOXD 8TOBT. ' I
Tv err description Oi Plain and Omamental Prlntln.
xecuied .with, nearness and despatch, at urprisiuglyS
,w prioea. a . J ' . i !
HADDOCK at SON, Proprietor,
t MStnrp ' l ai ol 0. 018 MARKET Bttocl.
DAILY EVENING TELEGRAPH TRIPLE SHEET.
WATCHES, JEWELHY ETC.
c
Lege and small sizes, plajuig from 1 to Hair, and ;
costing from S5 id )0. Our assortment comprises such J
choice melodies as
"Home, Sweet Home .
"The Last Rose of Rammer !
"A Old Lang Syne." i
Star Spangled Banner." 1
"My Old Kentucky Home,"eto. etc.,
Besides beautlml (election from the various Operas.
Imparted direct, and for sale at moderate prices, by
FARR A BROTHER,
Importers ol Watches, etc.,
II UmithSrp Ko. SM CrfESN UT St-, below Fourth. 1
REMOVAL.
1 8 A AC DIXON,
WATCH MAKER, HAVING REMOVED TO ;
So. 120 S. ELEVENTH Street, below Chesnnt, i
Has opened cw tnd care (till elected stock ol flue
atcnes, Jewelry Mlvcr snd Plstod Ware.
B. B. Chronometer, Duplex, Paten Lever, snd plain
w' etches carelnliv repaired and warranted. Hitler 2m
910 1 NEW AND CIl0lCE G00DS 910
AT
MEAD & C O.'S,
No. OlO Oil ESN UT ST. ,
MANTJFACIUKEBS OF
i
SILVER-PLATED WARE.
10 1 mwsSmra.
VtV.lS LAD0MUS& CO.
IIMMD HKALKHS & JKWKIERS.
W ATI'IIKS, A MWH WARS.
VWATCHE3 aud JEWELRY REPAIRED.
j02 Chestnut St., Phi
Owing to the decllnclol (lold, baa mado great re
duction in price of his large and weU.asso.-ted stock oi
Watch.
Jewelry,
bilverware, Etc.
The public are respectfully Invited te call and examlr e
onr stock before purchasing elsewhere. tfi
S I LV ER-WARE
FOR
13 R I D A L P, R E S E N T S.
Q RUSSELL & CO.,
No. 22 North SIXTH St.,
Invite attention to their Choice Stock of SOLID
B1I.VEK- w ARE, suitable lor ClilUhTllAo andBRi UAL
PBE8EMT.M. 10 6
FLE GOLD AYATCIIES.
American and Geneva.
We call special attention to the .
FINK WATCH AND , 8ILVERWARI
KSTADLISIIAIKNX OF
W. W. OASSIT3Y,
Mo. lit South. SECOND Street,
W i has on hand one, ol the finest assortments of Jew.
c.'iy, etc., of any in the city. A splendid assortment o
SILVER WARE ALWAYS ON HAND. Remember
V. W. OASglDY.
6.1CS Ko. 12 South SECOND Street.
Repairing correctly and prom) 'Ij attended to.
HENRY HARPER,
UanulactnreT and Dealer in
W itches .
Fine Jewelry,
Silvei'-Plated Ware,
AK9 T
815 Soliil Silver-Ware.
RICH JEWELRY.
JOHN BRENNAN,
DEALER IN
DIAMONDS, FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY
Eto. Etc. Etc
9 20 IS S. EIGHTH ST.. PHILADA.
BOWMAN & LEONARD,
MARCFACTCRERS OF
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER
IN
Silver and Slhcr-riated Goods,
No 704 ARCH STREET,
rOIADELPUIA.
Those In want of SILVER or SILVER-PLATED
WAltE will find It much to their advantage to visit
ourH'lOKE beiore making their purchases, our loag
experience in the nmiituacture ot the above kinds oi
goods enublts us to detv competition.
W e keen uoSuoO but those whlcb are Of the FIR9T-
CiAHri.aU KiVar own make, and will be sold at reduced
price
26
JpINE OPERA GLASSES
IMPORTED AND FOR SALE BT
JAMES W. QUEEN & C0
1018U , No. M CIIKSNUT Street.
FOR SALE.
FOR SALE. DE8IRABLK CORNER PRO
Vrhtv. The modern three story orlck Dwelling.
viih double three-story hack buildings, front and side
entrance, northwtst oorner of TWELFTH ana WAL-
K.Ai;a btreetst new nea er, muxe, hi umu, io.i
plar.za on Wallace street. Replete with all conve
n'ences. t OUIU u. il.rtiu liV. .win rri.u uhuiuuk
Mt..J.r C. M. 8. LESLIE,'
JO JO No. 727 HANSOM Btreet
FOR SALE A DESIRABLE PROPERTY
a A,. rPKI a.. HA 1 a m 4 .nlt.l.U
iotS truck larin, Bituate on tho UacdouHeid turaplke.
4v. i in a nt tiiA Cumdeo ana AtUatio Kallroad. la be
bo d Immediately for chIi to nettle &u ette.
Kalgun's Point, and lourtcen 'SLuVf VT
Call upon or address JAMfcH HOOYHj.
11 22 6t
Cauiden, N.J
FOR RENT.
s. n-n t i?.t A T.ARfiE DESIRABLE FIPTII
EJH.nrv Boom.N.W. oorner of Chesnut and Filth
suu, U leet trout by M l-et H"
Keys at F,
storv.
uroFIELD'fl. Bookseller, second
1111 Ji1
TO LET-OFFICK NO. 3, PEOOND STORY
rfr. roel of Fifth ana l n esnut
A. poly to o. SWWALKCT Street.
COAL.'
TF YOD WANT PERFECT SATISFACTION
in everr resoect. buv the celebrated PKKli TON
COAL, I gg and eitove saea. at SI per ton. aim. the
girolne K ACil.K VKIN COAlsame al.es, name pno.
ana a very nneauaniy oi i.r.uiuii, rig ana niovr,
B T Wiper ton. I keep nothing bat the beat. Order ro
elvtoatho 114fonibIlllRB btneU Sill
R-'.V. PATRICK & CO.,
NO. 304 N. BROAD ST.,
DEALERS IN
LEHIGH AND SCHUYLKILL COAL,
HAZLET0N, MAHAN0Y, EAGLE VEIN, AND
RE-BROKE tf STOVE,
Always on band, nnder cover, end free from DIRT and
SLATE r9Wsmw8m
COAL! COAL! COAL!
The best I. HI! CI I and SCIIL'TIKILL COAL, pre
pared expressy torisnil ne, consianUy on hand In
my Vstd.No 1S7 CALLOW HILL trtet. unaer cover,
le Iv.ied on short notice well screeneo, and pitied tree
of g ate, at the lowest each prkes. A trial will secure
) our custom.,
JOHN A. WILSON, '
Successor to W.L.FOCIJC. 1
PniLAPRtj-niA. August 27. Ibttt. 9 248J1 i
TJKST QUALITIES OF LEHI'JII AND
Pchuv kill
UUwlml2tl
WEST
Pchuv kill Coal at reduced prices.
P. MdOARRY ON
END CHES1.UT BTKi-fcT BRIDGE
HATS AND CAPS.
JAMES C. DENNISON,
FaeiiLionaljle Halter and Furrier
No. 720 POPLAR Street,
i
lias constantly on hand a large assortment of
GENTS', YOUTHS'. AND CUILDRES'8
HATS AND CAPS.
ALSO,
SPLENDID I UB SKATING CAPS, GLOVES. AND
COLLARS. CIO 27 Stuta2m 1
FERTILIZERS.
gAUGH'S RAW BONE
SUPER-PHOSPHATH OF LIME.
The oreat Fertlllrerfor.il cron". OuicK In its action
and permanent in its enecta. fcstabliahed over twelve
ot the manufactory, on liberal terms.
Ateuumctureuoniypy . jjtjojh 3c PONS,
Office No. 20 South DELAWARE Avenue.
S4smwSrp lhlladelphla.
ELEGANT FAMILY CARRIAGES
BECKHAUS & ALLCAIER
Desire respectfully to call the attention of the publio
to their extensive manufactory ot !
FIRST-CIiARS VEIITOLES,
SUCH AS
Landaus,
Round Front Coupes,
Clearance Coaches.
Caleches,
Barouches,
Phaetons,
' J Dog Carts, Etc. Etc.
Of the latest Improved European floslgns, specially
adapted for private lamily use, of which thcr have
a fine assortment constantly fluished, on hand and
in process of construct ion. I
The residents ot Philadelphia and ioinity are in
formed that they can he accommodated with Car
riages ot modern style, superior workmanship, and
supeib finish, at homo, without reterence to New
York or the East.
FACTORY AND WARE ROOMS,
No, 1204 FRANKFORD Avenue,
11 13 lmrp A BOTE (ilRARD AVENUE.
LETTER COPY-BOOKS,
300 pages, fl50. - j
LETTER COPY-BOOKS, j
500 PRes, 94-00.
LETTER COPY-BOOKS, j
1000 pages, $J-00.
FADER'S PENCILS, 75 cant a Dozen.
ENVELOPES, $1-35 per thousand. '
R. IIOSKINS V CO.,
BLASK. BOOK MAKTFACTDREK8, I
bl'ATlBKEKH AND CARD ENGRAVERS
Ko. 913 AUCH Street
6 28 6mrp
HHO ARCH BTREET. GAS FIXTURES
VLZ CHAWDELIERU, BRO ZEBTATGARY, ElO.
VAM KIRK A CO. would respectfully direct tub atten
tion f their friends, and the public keneral'yj to their
1st lie and eleuant assortment ol GAB F1XTHRB.H,
CUANIiELlERS. and ORNAMENTAL RRONZli
M AHK6. Ibos wishing handsome snd tborougblr
made Good, at very reasonable prices will find ft to
.their advantage toive us acsyjl peiors purchasing tine-
Soiled or tarnished flxtuies reflulshed with
speci.icars and at ra3unable pnw
S4ui VAMKJBK A 00
ev - ,
ir v. ?:. v '"- - .i it
I 3NTonxx3:
PIIIL ADELPfflA , SATURDAY, yQVERTOlffiJSlCk
BORNEO AND RAJAH BR03K&
... Continnii from or lfinlf Page
ot the rebellion. Few lives, Indeed, had been
lost, but iLe most bloo.ly tr could hardly
have produced worse result-. The co in'rv was
oilt'd with combatant. Every straggler w out
din Violence and rapine were tho Uw. Tradft
arjcl aorriculture lanculnbed. A rich provinCQ was
last iplapfing into a wilderness; and all its
people were OeKtoning to gutter alike f r eboltcr
and lustenauce. As our boro was , abjut
to set sail, the Rajah opened h.s who.e
liratt to bim. Iis prospects were anvthing; but
ilattcrinp-. He found himself unequal to the
renuctlou oi the rebels. He was surroundod by
traitors. At tho court oi the Hultan. a hosttlo
cabal, tnkinff advantage of his tll-lortune,
tbreaiened his power and his life, lu this
t.trait.bo besought his visitor to remain aud
Five him aid, promising ;in event of success to
ronfer upon bim the government of the pro
vinoe. After a few days' rerteolion, Mr. Brook-,
lx licvinp, as be doc la res, that the cause of the
Sultan was lust, believiun alfo that wbat the
whole pconle needed mopt was peace, and tbat
pence would place him in a position to render
them the greatest service, aceedeJ to this
request without, however, be it observed, binrt
Ine Muda tlassim to any precise stipulations
concei nln g the government.
Many paces of his journal are devoted to an
account ol this war; and a most curious storj it
is of cowardice, bravado, and inefficiency. It
was advance and retreat, boastlul coallenjie aud
as boastlul reply, marching and countermarch
in?, a ay alter dav, and month al ter month.
"Like the heroes of old, the adverse parties
sjH.ke to each other, "Wo are ceniinsr, we are
tons i ntr ; lay aririe your muskets and lifitat us
with tour swords;' aud so the heroes ceased not
to talk, but always forgot to tight." -. Tho sum of
a'l their achievements being lo lay waste the
country, to interrupt honest industry, aud to
put in peril the lives of the unotlenriiuir. Mr.
Brooke soon tired of this farce, (iaiherlug a
motley force, consisting of Malay, Dyaks, Clil
nee, and his own crew, he prepared tor an
assault. Then, planting his cat non where they
commanded tho stronghold ot the enemy, with a
few well-directed, volleys he brought its walls
tumbling about tbeir eari. The insurgents,
diiven to the open country, aud altogether
amazed by this specimen of Saxon energy, sur
rendered at discretion. At one blow a deso
lating war was ended.
Peace being restored, Mr. Brooke did not
insist on the hteral lulolment of the terms which
Muda Hasfcim had in his extremity been so ready
to proll'er. He chose to occupy a position ot
influence, rather than one of outward authority.
A contract was entered into by which he be
came Resident of Sarawak. The conditions of
the agreement were, thut the Kaiah on his part
should repiess piracy, protect legitimate com
merce, and as far as possible remove from the
Dyoks unjust burdens; while bis ally, in return
for these concessions, should open trade,
tending a ve?sel to and fro between Singa
pore and Sarawak, exchanging foreiern luxu
ries lor native products, and more espe
cially for antimony, of which article the
Rajah had the monopoly. In I ul til merit of his
part of the treaty, Mr. Brooke proceeded to
Singapore, purchased a schooner, loaded her
with an assorted cargo, icturned to Sarawak,
and at the earnest request of Muda llassim
landed and distributed his goods.
But auspicious as was the commencement of
this alliance, soon grave causes of complaint
arose. On every point the deceitful Malay cume
short of his agreement. Having obtained valuable
properly, be showed no alacrity in paying for it;
weeks and months passed wiinotit nrmguig nim
apparently any nearer toapecuniary settlement.
So far from renressinir piracy, he encou
raged it; and a fleet ot one bundled and twenty
prahus, with his tacit consent, actually put to
sea. When a crew of Enelish seamen were en
slaved aud carried to Brunt, under the mot
frivolous pretexts he retued to intercede with
the Sultan for these unfortunate men. And so
this strange friendship cooled. It was no slight
proof either of his courage or his humanity to
despatch at this very time, as Mr. Brooke did.
his yacht to Brunt, to attempt something in be
half ot his enslaved countrymen, ami to remain
himself with only three men at Sarawak. The
jacht came back, however, having effected
not bin ff. i
thi time the patience of the creditor was
I'.xuuuHieu. ucopoiiea oi uis goons, nnmng mat,
oeepite ma remonstrances, the Dynks were
crui-ny oppraud, u)L that tiiracy was encou-
iHgen, lie resuiveu iu try tu: euuci or turi-uts.
He repaired on board his yacht, loaded her
eons with eiape aid canister, and brought her
broadside to Dear upon tneKajan s palace, i hen
tukiug a small, but well-armed euard, he soucrht
an interview with Muda Hat-stm. The terror of
that functionary was extreme. The native tribes
openly sided with their English friends. The
ChiLese residents remained obstinately neutral.
The Malays, between cowardice and treachery,
afforded lam no efficient support. To crown
all, his resolute and incensed ally had only to
wave hi. hand to bring down npou bim swift
destruction. "After this demonstration, thine
went cheerily to a conclusion." Muda llassim,
finding that his creditor was indexible, and
being unable or unwilling to pay for the goods
which he had fraudulently obtained, oll'cred in
patmentof all debts to surrender tbe Govern
ment. The oiler was accepted, the agreement
drawn up, signed, sealed, guns tired, and Hags
waved, and on September 24, 1841, Mr. Brooke
became Rajah of Sarawak- In August of tbe
following year the Sultan solemnly confirmed
the agreement. i
The territory thus strangely passing into the
hands ot a private English gentleman was a
tract of country bordering upon the sea sixty
miles, and extending inland trom seventy to
eighty miles. Situated at the northeastern
extremity of Borneo, pierced by two stnlfll but
navigable rivers, its position is most favorable
tor commerce. Its soil is deep and nch, yield
ing under any proper culture large crops of all
tropical products. Its lorestg arc filled with
trees fit tor shipbuilding, and abound in that
variety from which is obtained tbe gutta percha
of commerce. The hills are ric h in iron aud
tin ot . tho .best quality. The mountain
streams wash down gold. In the beds
ol smuller rivers are found diamonds,
in such profusion that most of tbe
Malays wear them in set in rings and other
ornaments. From this single province comes
nearly the wbole supply of antimony in ihe
woildf. "I do not beileve," says a resident,
'that in the same given space theie can be
found so great mineral and vegetable wealth in
any laud in the whole world." ,
With what sentiments the new Rajah entered
upon his duties, can be best understood by a
perusal of his familiar letters. He writes to
bis mothers "Do not start when I say that I
am going to settle in Borneo, that I am about
to endeavor to plant there a mixed colony amid
a wild but not unvirtuous race, aud to become
the pioneer of European knowledge and im
provement. The diffusion ot civilization, com
merce, aud religion through so vast an Island
as Borneo, I cull a grand object so grund tbat
hell is qutte lost wnon I consider It; and even
failure would be much better than the non
at tempt. n "A lew days ago I was up a high
mountain and looked over the country. It is a
prospect vt hlch I have rarely seen equalled; and
sitting; there, lazily smoking a cigar, I called
Into existence the cotlee plantations th sugar
plantations, the nutmeg plantations, and pretty
w u ite villaee and tiny steeples, and dreamed that
I beard tbo luaz of, lilo find tbe clang of industry
am id tbe jungles, and that tbe China Collins whis
tled as they went, for want of thought, as they
homeward bent." " ' ,' i
The first duty which claimed attention was
the relief of the native Dyaks. A shrewd Dyak
once defined tbe Malay Government as "a plan
tain in tbe mouth and a thorn in the back." A
pluntain givine to their poor subjects a little to
keep life in them; a thorn stripping them to the
skin and piercing them to the bone. The de
fcilptlon is plthv, and It is true. The exactions
ot tbe Malay chiefs were almost beyond belief.
Seizing snd monopolizing some article of prime
necessity salt, perhaps they would force
tbe natives to buy at the rate of fifty dollars'
worth of rice for a teacup of salt: until
the wretched cultivator, who had raised a
plcntiiv.1 ciop, was brought! to the yerge of
starvation. They reserved to themselves the
right ot purchasing lh artujles which the Dyakt
bad to oU, and then efAxed to those article air
roiuar? prices perhaD less thaa ivpi-hnni
dndlb of their rent vain. Thnv wnulri annd
Mr of iron two or three foet long, and having
ma luuiumo woriu ot aiowconts. to ine head
mn,?f tribe demanding that his villaee
should give, for.U,.Huyn equal to fivo, ten, or
twenty dollars. Another Was sent In the same
way, and another, and another, until the
rapacity of . tne ch'ei was satisfied, or the
wretenea naiivos had no more to give. Often;
hen the latter had been rohhod of pvprvt hinir.
the Malnys would seize and gull their wives and
children. It is recorded of one tribe, that there
was not to much as one woman nr rhlhl to i
found in It. All hal been swept off by these
remorseless slave Ltinters. Nor did their wrongs
end here, II a Dyak killed a Malay "under any
circumstances ol aggrcsion," he was nut to
death, olten with every possible addition of
torture. If he accidentally injured One ot the
ruling caste, he was fortunate to oscaoc with
ihe loss ot half or two-thirds of his little
savings. On the other hand, a Malay might kill
as many Dyaks as he pleased, and If perchance
justice were a nine sterner man u'tiai,
ho nupht be fined a few cents or a tew dollars.
Volumes are contained In this one statement, 1
that In the ten years from 18110 to 1840, tbe
Dyaks in the provluceof Sarawak dwindled from
14,000 to C00O souls.
A blow was immodlatelv struck at the root
oi this black oppresi-lou. As soon as the new
Government was fauly established, a few sim
ple enactments were published. TUcy declared
that every man, Dyak as well as . Malay,
should enjoy unmolested all the gains of his
toll; thst all exactions of every name and
nature should cease, nud that only a smnll
tax, evenly distributed, should be levied for
the support of Government; that all roads and
rivers tbould be free to all; that all molestation
ot the Diaka should be punished with severity.
Ibc proclamation which contuins these laws
concludes with cxhortinir all persons who are
deposed to disturb. the public pence to take
mgnt speeouy io some other country, whero
they can break with Impunity tho laws ot God
and man. These enactments were firmly exe
cuted, without fear and without partiality.
ouderful wore the result ! Internal violence
ceased. Tho confluence of the natives was
awakened. InduMry and enterprise sprang
up on every hand as by magie. Sara
wak beoame a city of rel'uee. Some
time us many u4 fifty fiod thither in a day. In
144, in tbe abort fcpace of two mouths, five
buuiircd families took shelter in tbe province,
lu lb&0 Ihrte thousand Chinese flud from
to Sarawak. The Dyaks returned the
good-will of their Rajah with love and reve
rence. During one of his tours In the interior,
delegations lrom tribes numbering six thou
sand touts come to seek his protection. "We
Diive ncaro," said tney, in simple out toucuing
Inngungc, "tbat a son ot Europe has arrived,
n bo is a friend of the D.vuks." When he visited
the native hamlets, the women would throw
themselves on the ground and clasp his
feet, and the whole tribe would spend the
n'gut in joyful lensting and merriment. It is
tooerly aflirmed by a credible witness, that on
one occasion mesoengcrs came fifteen days'
journey from a distant province to see if there
were such a phenomenon as Dyaks living In
comfort.
Mr. Brooke soon found that all his efforts for
internal ictorni must be in a comparative sense
futile so loug as piracy, that curee of uorneo.
was permitted to ravaare unchecked. "It is in
a Malay's nature," saya tbe Dutch proverb, "to
rove on tbe seas in his prabu. as it is in that ot
tho Arab to wander with his steed on the bauds
of the desert" No person who has not investi
gated the subject can appreciate how wide
spread and deep-seated this plague of piracy is,
The mere statistics are appalling. It was esti
mated, in 1840, that one hundred thousand men
made freebooting their trade. One single chief
una under control seven nundred pranus.
Whole tribes, whole trroups of islunds, almost
whole races, despising even the semblance of
honest industry, depended upon rapine- for
livelihood. "It is diflicult to catch fish, but it
is easy to catch Bomeans," taid the Soloo
pirates scornfully; and, acting upon that prin
ciple, they fitted out their tlcets and planned
their voyages with all the method of honest
trades-men.
This piracy was divided into two branches,
eoatwlse piracy and piracy on the hroud seas.
The Sea Dynks built boats called bangkongs.
sixty to a hundred feet long, narrow and
tharp, propelled by thirty to hfty oars, and so
switt that nothing but a steamer could over
take thrro. These freebooters were the terror
of all honest laborers and tradesmen. Skulk
ing along tbe coast, pushing up rivers and
creeks, landing anywhere and everyw here with
out warning, they mercilessly destroyed the
native villages, and swept the inhabitants into
captivity. Or else, impellina- with the force of
fifty men tbeir snaky cratt, which were swilt as
race-boats and noiseless as beasts of prey, they
would surprise at dead of night some defense
less merchantman, overwhelm their victims
with showers of spears, and with morning light
a plundered boat, a lew dead bodies, were the
silent witnesses ot their lerocity. Ou the other
band, the lllanuni and Balanini' tribes, infesting
tne islands to the northeast of Borneo, under
took lar grander enterprises. Butting to sea,
prepared lor a long voyairo, in fleets of two or
three hundred prabu's, propelled by wind and
oars, tinned with brass cannou, and manned by
ten thousand bold buccaneers, they swept
through the whole leuirth of the Chinese Sea,
and, turning , the. . southernmost point of
Borneo, penetruted tun straits and sounds
between Java and Celebes, never stop
ping in their ruthless course until they
came face to face with the sturdy ptrates of
New Guinea, and returned, after a vo.yaee of
ten thousand miles aud an absence ot two years,
laden with spoils and ciintive.s. How hapless
was ihe fate oi the poor Dyak ! If he stayed at
home, cultivating his fields, his Malay lord
fleeced him to the skin. If, tnlnking to engage
in gainful traffic be hugged the shore with his
little barque, tho river-piiate snatched Sim up.
it he stood out upon the broad waters, Me could
scarcely hope to escape the Northern hordes
who swarmed in overy sea. ,
Mr. Brooke's most terrible assailants were
the Sakarran and Surebus pirates, two tribes
of freebooters whose seats of power were
on the Sarebus and Batang Lupar rivers,
two streams fifty or sixty miles cast t of
Sarawak. These tribes were encouraged and
secretly helped by his own Malay chiefs, and
insolently defied bis power, continuing tbeir
depredations, capturing everv vessel which ven
tured out, and ravaging all tne adjacent coasts.
The strength of these confederacies wa so great,
that it was no unusual thing for them to muster
a hundred war-boats; and they had built, on
tbe bunks of the rivers which they infested,
strong forts at every point which commanded
the channel. That tbe new Rajah was
not able with bis slender resources to
curb these sea robbers is not surprising. The
only, wonder is that he was able to protect his
own capital from the assaults which they often
threatened, but never dared to attempt.
But efficient aid was at hand. In the summer
of 1843 the Brttibh ship iWdo anchored oH the
entrance of Sarawak river. She was commis
sioned to suppress piracy in and about the
Chinese Sea. Her commander readily entered
into the views of the English lUlab. ; A
boat expedition against the strongholds of
the Sarebus pirates was projected. Mr. Brooke
assisted with seven hundred Dyaks.
A curious incident occurred, showing bow
clearly tbo natives appreciated their dependence
on their English frieud. When he asked their
chieis it they would uld him. they besought bim
not to risk his life in bo desperate an enterprise.
But viheu he assured them that bis purpose was
fixed, tbat he should go, alone if necessary, they
replied: "What is the use of our remaining
behind? lou die. we die; you live, we live.
We will so too." The expedition was perfectly
successful. Three fortified villages were stormed,
many guns spikod, many boats destroyed, aud
their defenders driven to the jungles. This
chustiseraent not sufficing, in the following
year another expedition from tho same
vessel attacked the Sakarrau pirates and
Inflicted upou i them a puiitshnient even
more severe than tbat which bad'fullen to
the lot of their Sarebus brethren. Sir forts, me
mounting fifty-six guns, scores of war-bouts,
and more than a thoussnd huts were burned.
iTbe lessons,,,, though sharp,! did not perma
neutly trubduo. . ..
, , v ; ... . ,
11
The Wow which broke the power of Uie
tonrederacios was inflicted In 184!.' Nee-scaa
to Sarawak thst the pirat-s had put to sea
mark ir;g their course by fearful attocitlea. Al
onoe Mr. BrooKfl applied to the Hnglisa Admiral
for assistance, and the steamer Vrnvmg was des
patched tolbesocne ol aotioc. The Rajah joined
her with eighteen war-boats, to. which worn
afterwards added eleven hundred Dj&ks, la
their bangkongs. On tbe 31st of July, at night
they encountered the great war-fleet, of. ta
Sarebus and Snkarran pirates, nutriberln? oae
hundred aud titty bangkongs, returning' home
laden with plunder. The. pirates found the en
trances ot the river occupied by their enemies
the English, Malay, and Dyak forces boing planed
in three'dotacbmeutf whilo thcWemfttA was fully
prepared to assist whenever tho attack shoald
beam. "Then there was a dead alienee, broke
only by three strokes of a gong, which called
the pirates to a council oi war. A few mlnate
alterwards a feaiful yell gave notice of their a i
vance, and the fleet approached In two divi
sions, in the dead of the night there ensued
terrible scene. The pirates fought bravoly, but
they could not withstand tho superior lorcee ot'
tholr enemy. Their boats were upset. by the5
paouies oi tne steamer, 'a hoy were hemmed In
on evctv side, and five hundred .men .Ar.
killed, sword in hand, while twenty-five hun
dred escaped to the jungles, many of them to
perish. The morning light showed a and
spectacle of ruin and deteat. Upwards at
eighty pi shut and bangkongs were cap
tured, aud many liore destroyed." , The
English officer would have gladly savod
life; but the pirates would take no' quar
ter, and the prisoners were lew. It was a sink
ing fact, that one of the war-host under Mr.
Brooke waa manned by souio thirty Malaya,
every one of whom hud lost during the year
near relative, killed by those same pirates. Tbe
confederacy has never risen from this defeat,
aud for years the tribes coinpoMug it have re
turned to the labors of peaceful me. Writing
twelve months afterwards to a friend, Raja
Brooke says: "Pray keep the 31st ot July apart
for a special bumper, tor during tho last year
not a single innocent life haa been taken by
these pirates, nor a single prahu fallen into
their hands." Many a victory, latuoua In story,
has accomplished less.
The next year a fleet of sixty-four prahas,
manned by northern pirates, and carrying Hit
guns, was destroyed by British gunbjala in the
Gult of Tonquin. This was followed by an at
tack of the Spaniards upon the haunts of the
Soloo pirates. A lull ensued. For three or four
years alrrost no'.hing was heard of freebooting:
but it was a deceitful calm, not. CnaJ
cessation of the storm. The frcobootinjr
spirit waa not taken out of tho blood of
the Malay. Now piracy is said to , be on the
increase again. Only three years since six
Balanini pirates had the audacity to sail into
Sarawak Bay, and commeuco depredations
along its coasts. But not one returned to teil
the fale. The whole six were raptured or de
stroyed, and tbeir crews killed or taken prison
ers. The only permanent rcmeay tor the evil
is just, settled, and efficient government, such
as has been established at Sarawak, destroying
not simply the fleets, but breaking up tho
fiiratical haunts, and with firm baud forcing
heir people back into the habits and pursuits of
civilized life. ., , i
Being delivered for time at least from thenfl
perils, the new Rajah was at liberty to devote
himself to the weliare of his euojects. It is
not possible, in a brief nonce, even to hint al
all the events and efforts of the. next fifteen
years of his government, to say how ho re
pressed the cupidity and lawlessness of the
Malay chiefs; how he encouraged and protected
the poor Dvaks; how, lrom year to year, he re
sisted tbe fierce pirates, who, coming from the
neighboring islands with strong fleets, sought
to sweep the adjacent seas. Of course, the prime
need was to restore confidence, and to assure
to all honest workers, of every race, the
gains of their industry. The first question,
indeed, of the Chinese emigrant waa, "Will you
protect us, or will our plantations, so soon as
they are worth anything, be stripped by your
chiefs?" It has been beuutiful to behold order
coming out of chaos, peace out of violence,
whole districts redeemed from anarchy, simply
by giving efficient support to tho orderly part of
the population. Another object ot not loss im
portance was to create in this people something
Ot the feelixip5 of uaLiuulitv, and li make thee
comprehend that they were citizen, wiih lUo
duties of citizens. It certainly waa no easy task
to awaken much ot the sentiment of lofty
patriotism in the minds of those whose only
common memories were of lawless misrule and
oppression. Every possible effort has been
made in this direction. Tho struggle has been,
not to plant an English colony, but to create
a Bornean State. Tbe laws are not English, not
built upon English precedents. Tbcy are simply
the old Bornean statutes, made conform able to
the principles of equity, and administered with
lust rcgaid to the customs and traditions of the
people. The offices of government are tilled to
ihe least possible degree with loreignors; while
native chiefs and even reclaimed pirates are
associated with them, and thus habituated to
all the torms of a civilizedState. Mr. Brooke,
with a rare courage and wiidom, has al ways
trusted for his gaiety to the good-will of
his native subjects. He has never been sat
taiued by mercenary bands. At a time wbeu
piratical violence was most threatening, when dis
orders were yet tife in his own state, and when hi
subjects but poorly appreciated his benevolent
purposes towards them, his whole English force
was twenty-four men. It is pleasant to add,
that this confidence was not misplaced. A
younger generation is now spriuglng up, with
larger views of life, and with a bolter apprecla
tion of the workings and value of equitable
government. To sum up all in a brief sentence,
it may be said with truth that tbe administra
tion has been marked with rare sagacity, firm
ness, and comprehensiveness of view, and that
it has been crowned with success.
In 1846, Mr. Brooke came for the
first time into official relations with the Britixh
Government, by accepting the office of confi
dential a?ent in Borneo. We have already
alluded to his warm love of his native country.
As early as li-'i lie had expressed a willingness
to sacrifice hN urge outlays, and to relinquish
all his rights nud interests to the Crown, if a
guarantee could be given that piracy would be
checked and the native race protected in all
their proper rights and priv leeos. He uccepted
gladly, therefore, a post winch promised to
increase his power to benefit his - people,
and entered upon Its duties with vigor.
Immediately upou his appointment, he
was requested to make investigations
as to the existence of a ' harbor fit for
the shelter and victualling of ship bound from
Hong-Kong to Singapore. He reported that
Labium, a smnll Inland north of Borneo, was in
every way suitable: that it we about equidis
tant from the two parts; tbat it had a fine har
bor, or rather roadstead; that it was healthy;
that it abounded in coal of the best quality;
that, finally, the Snltan pledged to convey it
upon reasonable terms.
But before legal papers could be drawn, the
whole policy of tho Court of Brunl had changed.
The Sultan was al monarch with "the head of
an idiot and the heart ot a pirate." All his sym
pathies were with violence and robbery. Under
the influence of others, he had agreed to use his
power against piracy, and had even been brought
to say, in fawning phrase, that "he wanted the
English near to him." But he suddenly re
pented of his good purposes. In a fit of Orien
tal fickleness he caused Muda Hassim and all
who lavored the English alliance to be put to
death, despatched a messenger gooretly to
administer poison to Mr. Brooke, and
entered into even closer friendship than
before with tho piratical tribes. A
confidential servant of Pantteran Bud
rudeeii, tbe brother of Muda Hasslm.
with difficulty escaped, snd fled to Sara
wak. He related that h' master had
bravely resisted, but, ' overpowered by
numbers and' desperately wounded,' had
committed to lis charge a ring, bidding him
deliver it io Rajnh Brooke as a dying memento,
and to tell him that he died laitlitul to hi
pledges to the (Jueen; then, setting fire to keg
of powder, he bW himself with his family into)
the air ' " '
These tidings filled Mr. Brooke-with 'grief
and indignation, i Every passion of bis fiery
aud -energetic nature .was aroused.' He re
paired on board the- British - fleet; which,.