HALLOWEEN!
The Vigil of Aii Saints'-Day.
How It Was Anciently Observed.
Demons, Witches and Fairies at
Their Midnight Pranks.
The Tower of Charms and Spells.
How Husbands and Wives Were
Sought and Found. '
BteM El., Etc., Etc., Etc., Etc.
At no time in lis history bus the Church of
Borne been ungrateful to the most faithful ati'l
efficient among its servants. And though the
custom of raining them by canonization to the
dignity of sain tshlp has fallen almost entirely.
Into disuBe, it was actively continued for so
many centuries that soon no place In the calen
dar could be lounrl for tbe ucw creations. The
first day of November was therefore selected
and devoted In general to all such as were not
otherwise provided for.
The Fairy Carnival.
The First of November thus became one of the
trreat festivals of the Church of Rome, and was
continued as. such by the Church of England,
passim; nnder the name of All Saints'-Day, or
All llallow. The preceding evening, of which
ibis night Is the anniversary, being known as
All Hallow Eve, or Halloween, by some strange
freak of man was selected, long years ago, as
the one on which the Evil Spirit and his attend
ants would be most likely to visit tho earth in
firce, to vent thoir spite against the numerous
saints whoso festival was so near at hand,
by holding a high carnival of their own. Tbe
port Burns says of it thnt it "13 thought to be a
nisrht when witches, devils, and other mischief
making beings arc all abroad on their buncful
midnight errands; and when rhese aerial people
the fairies in particular, arc e aid to hold a j-rand
annivtrsary."
Spying Into the Future.
The nearf of man, especially in ages and
countries where superstition Las a footholJ, is
ver longing to penetrate the veil of mystery
which overhangs the future. It has ever been
tbe province of devils, witches, and imps of
.every grade to assist in such questionable pur
suits; and for this reason All Hallow Eve, the
night of all the year when these doubtful per
sonages were supposed to be abroad in more than
then usual numbers, was selected as the one on
which they would have the surest warrant of
nieces?.
The different ceremonies, enchantments, or
spells for which Halloween has been noted
during many centuries, had, therefore, as their
grund object the revelation of things ordi
narily hidden trexn the world. There was, in
deed, a. time when they were all conducted
with sober earnestness, and with a full and
abiding faith in the infallibility of their re
sults. Except In the most Iguurant aud super
stitious neighborhooot3in the old country this,
of course, is no longer the case. But even
now it is quite a common tiling for the
jouog people, in city and country, to
meet together and engage In frolick
eome pastimes, such as ducking for apples In
water and pulling cabbage stocks, all of which
are founded on the ancient observances of
the day.
But few of these found their way into this
country, as at the tinjtfof its settlement grave
doubts began to be cast upon their efficacy or
propriety by that more intelligent class of per
sons to which the emigrants for the most pait
belonged.
About tbe only customs pertaining to the past
which are no w in vogue among our youth are
those of hanging dead cats to door-bells, and of
passing through tbe streets late at night and
arousing people of a quiet turn of mind by
thumping boisterously on their doors with cab-bage-etalks.
In some sections, however, it is still
considered rare sport to kindle huge bonfires,
and make night hideous in a general and mis
cellaneous manner.
Halloween In Scotland.
Burns, in a lengthy poem, has pathetically
described the manner in which the vigil of
All Saints'-Day was kept in old times by the
peasantry in tbe west of Scotland, to whom its
charniB and spoils were "bo big with prophecy."
We quote the opening and closing stanzas:
' Upon ibat night, when fairies light
On Caml.s Dow nans dance,
Or owre tlie lays, in splendid blaze,
On sprightly coursers prance;
Or lor t o lean the route ib la'en,
Beneath the moon's pale beams;
Tfcere, up tbe Cove to stray aud rove
Among the rooks and streams
lo sport tuat night.
"Among te bonny, winding banks.
W here Doon riua, -vimpliu', clear.
Wm re Bruce once ru w,,,, marti4l rw,kg
And shook his Carrlck iH-r. ""
Borne merry, triendlv, cauutrj ikB
logeiher aid convene,
To burn their nits, aud pou their stociu,
And baud thoir llallowten
i u' blyilio that night.
The lasses teat, and e'eanly neat,
Hair braw tlian when taev're lino;
1 heir laees Myth-, IV swootlv ktthe,
lleai ts leal, and warm, and kin :
Tbe lads tae trig, wl' wooer-Dabs
Weel knotted ou their Barton,
gome uuco Mate, aud some wi' gabs
tiar lai-.ee' hearts eu martin'
Whiles last at niht.
" Wi' merry saints, and friendly cracks,
I wat ihoy did na wear, j
And unco tales, and funny jokes,
Xheirsporis were cheap andcueeryj
Till buttor'd so'ne, wi' frajrrant luut,
bet a their ftabs a Bteerlu' ;
8yno, wi' a social glass o' siruut;
iuey parted all' careenn
IV ply tlie that night.'
Pulling Cabbages.
The fiial cei oniony in order among tbe Scottish
lieasantry was that of pulling kail or cabbages.
The young people, having cloned their eyes or
been blindfolded, marched out Into the garden,
band in hand, and drew from the earthnue lirst
plants tl.at they came upou. The largeness or
hmallness, and BtraiRhtueB or crookedness of
the stock thus drawn frriu the earth were indica
tive of the size and shape of the future husband
or wile. If a ny of Jhe soil adtn-red to the root,
THE DAILY E EN1NG TELEGRAPH. PHILADELPHIA, WEDNESDAY,
a fortune as to bo expected ne ono of the as vet
unknown spouse' aitt action. To appertain Ins
or her temper and natural disposition, it was
oiily ni'ccsrary to tuple the bivtrt of the stem.
Bitter and sweet were of course the distinguish
h.ir characteristic". Hut one thing nioro was
desired, and that was the name of one's future
life companion. To discover this the cabbage
stocks wore placed over the door, and the
Christian names of such npt'ons as chanced to
enter the house thereafter settled yie vexed
question beyond all manner of doubt.
Sowing Hemp-Heed.
But by far the most popular ceremony was
that of sowing hcmp-?eed. In this cnc otic
must steal out of the house un.iercolve l, aud
then cast about him a handful of hemp-seed,
harrowine It in with the first convenient thing
that came to hand. While performing' this ope
ration, the following words must be repeated:
"Hemp-reed, I sit? tlie ; hemp-accd I saw thei
And site that is to be my trno, come alter me and
pou thee."
Then, on looking over the left shoulder, an
apparition of the person thus invoked was seen
In the attitude of pulling hemp.
One of Burns' valiantticroes swore he would
sow a perk ol hemp-seed, and provu the whole
thing ''nonsense." The adventurer thus fared:
"He marctes through amanjr the stalks,
1 hough ho win soraetain? sturiln;
Tbe graip be lor a harrow talcs,
And bauds at bis curpln;
And every now and then he says,
Hemp-seed, 1 raw theo,
And hr that Is 10 be mv lass,
Come alter me, and draw thee
As fast this night.'
"Bo whistled op Lord Lennox' marcb,
To keep his courage cheery j
Althoueii his bair boran to arch,
He was tae fley'a and eerie:
Till presently he hears a .quon't,
And then a graue and pr untie;
He by Ins sbouther ia'e a keek,
And tumbled wl' a win tie
Out-owre that iiiht.
"He roared a horrid murder-shout,
Id dieadfu' desperation!
And ? oong and ati d cam rlnnin out,
And bear the tad narration :
He swore 'twas hilchin Jtan M'Craw,
Or crouchlo ilerran humohio,
Till, st on she trotted through them a'
And wba wa it but Urumphte
Asteer that niRht!"
Throwing the Clue of Yarn.
Another method of ascertaining tbe name of
our f uture spouse required jou to steal out of
me nonce an aione in me flam, ana naviug
sointht the kiln, to throw into the not a clue of
blue jam. Then you were to wind the yarn off
me oki cine into a new one. and as you nearea
the end of the thread, something within the
pot would prasp it. At this moment the adven
turer must summon all bis or her courage and
cry out, "Who holds?'' From the kiln-pot
would be returned an anewer, giving the full
Hume ot your future wite or husband. Burns
thus puts ono of bis lascs so "feat and cleanly
n at" through tho operation, with but a poor
show of success:
"She through tlio vard ibe nearest tak?,
And lo tne ki B she pocs then,
And aarklins graipit lor the ba ik,
And in the blue-Cue throw then,
Rijlu Icar't iiiat liiirlit.
"And aye she win't, and aye she swat,
1 m at she made nae ja iitiu';
Till something held within the pat,
(iuid L 1 outshe was quakin'f
But whoilier 'twas the aeii bimsei,
Or wbethor 'twus a bsnn-eu',
Or whether .t was Andrew Bell,
She didna wa.ton talkin'
To spier that night."
Burning Nnti.
Amlher favorite t-pcll wai that produced by
the burning or nuts, which was at one time so
customary in England, as well as in Scotland,
that Halloween passed commonly as "nut-crack
night." Xuts named alter the lad and lat-s who
had a liking for each other were placed side by
.side on The hearth. If thev bu.ned quietly
together all would be well, and the loving twain
would be made one in due time. But if there
was a cracklinn anj sputw-riniy, and other
unseemly proceeding on the Prtof the i.tii
nuts, the match would not be prosperoia.
Charles Uraydon, a quaint poet of the last
century, has invested tbis i'avorile spell with
the charms of rhyme:
"these glowing- nu's are emblems tine
Of what in human illu we view;
The iil-niaiched couple Iret and fume,
Aud thus, in strile, themselves consume;
Or Horn each ot.ier 1 riiy start,
And wrt.h m nofoe luroror part
But see the happy, happy pair,
Ot genuine trnth and love sincere;
With mutual lomlness whlio they tiurn,
Still to each other kindly turn;
And as tlie vital spaika decay,
ToRctbei crt-ntly sink away;
1 iu 1110 g neroo oraeal uoinir past,
Tbeir mingled aches rest at last."
In Ireland tbe charm ot burning nuts was
even more e'aborate thnn in Scotland or Eng
land. Tbe young women placed tbe nuts on
the bars of tbe grate, naming each one after a
lover. If the nut cracked or tumped, it showed
that the lover lor whom it was named would
prove unfaithful; if it began to bla.e or burn, it
fave token of regard on his part for the oue who
ad placed it on the lire; and if two nuts, nnnW
alter the damsel and her lover, twtued gently
and evenly together, the enamored pair were
sure to marry.
Eating an Apple All Alone
Another very popular ceremony was i,that of
eating apples beloie a glass. This is still cus
tomary, even in this country, as it is so easily
performed. The young lady who deaires to
know w ith whom she is destined to share the
joys and sorrows of life, goes alone into a dark
ened room, and holdin? in her hand a candle,
she stands before a mirror and nibbles at an
apple. According to some traditions she is also
required to comb her hair all the while, though
we are not informed how she is to hold the
candle, the apple, and tbe comb at one and the
same time. While she is thus occupied, tbe fare
ot her future husband will be seen rellectod in
the glass, in the act of peeping over her
shoulder.
"Winning Three VVcchts O'Naethtng."
Another favorite Scottish ceremony was that
of "winning three wechts 'naetnins," the
wecht being the instrument used iu winnowing
grain. The spell required the accompaniment
of loneliness, and ii any one chanced to over
look it, a failure was the result. The adven
turer pioceeded to the barn, and opened both
doors, taking ther.i oil' the hinges, if possible.
This precaution was deemed prudent for fear
the htinq about to be invoked might close the
doors and work the conjurer some mischief.
Then the process of winnowing grain must be
gone through with, in pretence, and when It
waa repeated the third time an apparition of
the luture- wife or husband would pais in at the
waidy door, and out at the other. Following
the apparition would come a retinue of goblins,
which dv number and dress indicated the sta
tion and employment ot their leader.
Other Sure Methods of Dlvluatlou.
fathoming the barley stack was also a favorite
eclved e cnun"uler went nloue aud unper
three time Btu;k of barley, und fathomed it
caught in blT52ulul' hint tuibom he
might bel the gh'6V.0' ?he,iu hm' as the Cds0
In another ceremoi f ulu spouse,
went out together andnJ 'l"mlr.of, P.0"0"8,
shirt-sleeve iu a soutb-runniiP (t hand
where the lunds of -three liuri2 at Jo"'t
eaeh person went to bed in siirht of . . iou
banging the wet Meeve by it to dry. .ro' J1'' jt
uess was neceBsnry to witness the result .ul"
close upon the horn of midnisht an ai)mtnu''r
of the lover came und turned the sleeve, so ttint
the other sice mit'iit tir.y.
The Lottery of the Three DUhe.
There was tiil aunther custom in vogue In
iscotland, al hough its results were rather un
satisfactory, because they were Indefinite. This
consisted of divination by means of three
"biggies" or dishes, in one of which was placed
clean water, in another foul water, and in a
third ne'hluu at all. These were ranged on
the hearth, and a person was then led up to them
blindfolded. He, or she, as it happened, dipped
bis left hand in one of the dishes. Whether
the experimenter was to marry a maid or a
widow, or nobodv at all, dopende 1 on his dip
pmcr his hand In the clean wacr, the foul water,
or the empty dish. The ceremony wai repealed
three times, the order of the dishes being
charged each time.
The above are the principal ceremonies which
were anciently observed on tne "occasion of
this anUc, chimwical solemnity," as Harvey, the
conjuror of the last century, has styled it. They
all had tor their oljcct the revelation ot ths
mysteries of the future. But. there are many
traditions which go to prove that tbe occaslou
waa also celebrated in the olden time as a fes
tival, or peners) merry making, without any
Mien sinister ocigns.
Diving for Apples.
In the north of England the young people
used to dive for apples, or what wm a rarer
sport catch at them with open mouths, the
apples being fixed to tbe end of a swinging stick,
to the other end of which was fastened a lighted
candle.
In an old illuminated misal In Donee's col
lection, a ceremony similar to the last is repre
sented in the quaint figure painting of the
middle ages A person is icpreseuted asaUcmpt--ing
to lip bt a candle, which he holds in one
hand, by means of another lastcned to the end
ol a pole. The pole Is supported by two stools
placed at a distance from each other, and on
this the operator balances hiuielf, at th? risk
of receiving a duckiug in a tubof water benoa'h,
wLile he attempts to light his candle.
The Carnival of Fire,
One of the moFt common methods of observ
ing Halloween was by kindling fires in promi
nent positions. In Moray, Scotland, this cere
mony was perlormed by way ot thanksgiving
lor rhe successful gatbeilrg of the crops. Iu
lrcloid fires were also lighted on the tour great
Druidical festivals, of which Halloween hap
pened to be one. But this last was long since
discontinued, candles taking th place of bon
.tircp. Although the Welh still adhere to the
custom of kindling large tires on this occasion,
they can give no account of the origin or pur
pose of their illuminations.
In Perthshire, Scotland, there were formerly
many different ways of keeping tne vigil of All
Saints'.Day, but the element ot tire was the most
favored in their ceremonies. In some places
the peaantry would form taeirots of heath,
btoom, and flax, which were lighted and carried
through the village stieets in grand and brilliant
niocesi-ion. In other sections largofires would
be kindled in ewry village, and when they
were burnt out the ashes .were carefully
collected and arranged in the form of a circle.
Within this circlf, and near the edge, a stone
was then placed by every person who had an
interest in the ceremony. If any of tnese stones
were removed, or In any way interfered with
during the night, the petsons whom they repre
sented were certain of encountering death
within n year. Various spells cr enchantments
were alno resorted to lor the purpose ot loiling
the evil designs of the witches and demon 1 who
were supposed to bo abroad. In mauy part ot
Wales,, also, a custom much resembling tbe
above prevailed. It was attended by several
curious ceremonies. Tlie people rin swlitly
through the brc and smoke, casting a stone be
hind thtm as they went; and at the conclusion
they all made ofT ns fast as their feet would
carry them, to escape tlie Hac'f short-tatlct. sow.
This unseemly haste was then compensated
for by a rousing supper upon pursnips. nuts,
and apples. The lat'erweieto be eaten only
it'ter catching them in the mouth, a task at
tended with considerable difficulty, as they
were either suspended in the air by a string or
sent whirling around a tub of water. On the
following morning each person who had cast a
stone intothe fire sought for it among the ashes,
and if any one failed to find his, ill-luck would
soon betide him or hsr.
The Ringing of Dell
for the repose of Christian souls was another
and popular pastime in the old Papal days in
England. When Henry VIII renounced his
vocation as "Dcleoder of the Faith," he wrote a
letter to Cranmer, mohibiting all "superstitions
E radices," especially "the vigil and ringing of
ells all the r.iirht long upon Allhallow-day, at
night." Queen Elizabeth likewise ordered "that
1BVifio,Jlejr,""0"s rineing of oels, and the suter-
BtltlOUB rlnmuBofh.,!!. nt Alhnllown.l.U, 5
A' Soul's-day, wiih tuo to nights next beio.e
and after, be piohibitcd."
It is undoubtedly owing to the same dislike of
practices which favor in any degree of supersti
tion, thn tbe inanv quaint, and ludicrous
methods of keepingtthe Vigil of All Saints'-Day
have Iflllen lnt li-reimt a nl dicnun
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Corner EIGHTH and VINE Sts.,
OKFEB
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i 10 to 1'hllft.lelpblfc.
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H
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CHARLES L CLALIK,
No. 11 Xoiih ELEVENTH Street,
E D D I N G
Ann
COTTAGE PUnNlTUItE WARKIIUUSR.
Hair and Bask Mattresses, Feather Beds, Bolsters,
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T 0
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fa
HIISI-ILASS HilMTlltli.
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E
STABLIS1IED H95,
A. S. ROBINSON, .
Frencti Plato Looking-Glaasoa,
F.NGBA VINOS PAINTlNoa, Iibaivinos Krc.
Manufacturer of all kinds ot
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No. 01O CIIESNUT STllKFr.
THIRD DOOh AEOVB THE CONHNENTAI.,
milADELPHIA 3155
1 8 0 6.
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(Or Doable Spring)
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10 10 wfmiat
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gmissir
QURTAIN ESTABLISHMENT.
The 8nhscilN ri are cow receiv.'ag their
1-Al.Ii AoSOH'IMBNT
Of Ktw and Jtlegant Materials lor
DltAWUfG-IiOOlf,
CHAMBER, LIBRARY, and
BINIXa-ROOM
WINDOW CURTAINS,
LarcrrequiriF,
Chair and Eofi Coverings, Etc.,
Ccmprl'lDi He 1 attit )m, orn liiif a-1 Sew st De
slD9 1 ud I'tbilcs, Iu
EicL Fluin Eati&s,
Srocatele,
LampiEadcft,
Silk Terry, Coleline,
Satin Do Lainc,
Plain Wool Repa,
Hew Etyie Broche and Satin Striped Heps and
Terry,
Trench Embroidered Lace Curtains.
The rlehrtt Imrortcd, and a vif Urge assortment 0
XOT11K GU AM, SM1BH, and MUbLIN CDBrA'SH,
( OUMCLf, TAi 9) 1 8, etc . all of which will be For
tip -when dcslnd, In He newest end most tasteful man
ner, In town or country, ly experienced and reliable
eorimcn.
SHEPPARD, VAN HAKL1NGEN & AREISON,
" ' "-"' HKSNO r Street
JpLANMiLS.
TLA ELS.
FLANNELS.
Ecal Welsh Flannel.
Shaker Flannel.
Swanskin Flannel, Very soft and heavy,
Engliih Unshrinkable Flannel.
Persian Flannel, Silk Warp.
Ballardvale and other Domestic Flannels.
Domet and Gauze Flannel. -Bed
and Grey Flannels.
Fancy Eacque Flannels.
Canton Flannels.
A full assortment now received and for ta'c ty
SHEPPARD. VAN HARLINGEN&ARRISON
10 26 61 rp No. 1008 CHESJSDT Street.
BLANKETS.'
The Subecrlbers are now prepared to offer the
largest assortment to be lound in tbe city of
SUPERIORQUALITYBLANKETS
All-Wool and Extra Width, for Best Family Use.
ALSO. ,
Crib and Cradle Blankets,
And a Full Line of HfDIUM BtASKEfH, for
Hotels, fubllo Institutions, eto.
SHEPPARD, VAN HARLDTCEN k AREISON,
House-Furnishing Dry Goods,
10?56tn No. 1008 CIIESNUT Street.
! pT RETAIL.
MOURNING GOODS.
JAS. R. CAMrBLLL k ( 0.,
No. 727 CIIESNUT ST.,
OFFER AT RETAIL
A Large Assortment of the Cost Fabrics of
Mourning Goods at. Low Prices.
BLACK BIAKU1TZ,
1ILAC It BMl'HKSS C LOTHS,
BLACK HHPS,
HL.AMC 1IOMI1AZIXK9,
BL.ACIC TAM1SE,
BLACK MElllXOUS,
BLACKDELAIBiEj,
BLACK POPLIN ALP CA,
BLACK Till BUT SII
BLACK CR.iPJES VKH-S
BLACK KID GLOVES,
ETC- KTC. Cl 18 An vOlrn
WRITINi"lEK8 AND rORTl'OLIO-A
, ui.'iiid selrcllon to choos roui, at HOHH A
CO.'8, O. M CHI8MT Street Ipll nt!t
kTT n nnn anu $5000. sever album
ijp JL J)JJJ 01 these amounts to Invest upon
Mortsnpe. Applj to
A. F'T LI-B. Convetaocor.
iu tv a.
Mo. SI North MIX I'll Hueet.
MASONIC PUBLICATIONS.-nKADt?UAU-tern
for Masonic Hook, at UOsS 4 ;).'!. No.
itl ClliMf UT (Street. 1017 wsi.'t
CARPETINGS.
C A RTETINGS.
JAMES H. ORNE & CO.,
No. 626 CHESNUT Stroot,
Between Sixth and Seventh Streets.
Jut HecelTCd Per Steamer, m. Large.
Invoice of
French Chenille and
Axminster Carpets.
NEW DESIGNS,
JAMES H. ORNE &CO
No. 62G CHESNUT Street,
Between Sixth and Seventh Streets.
MESSES. JOHN CK0SSLEY & Sim
NEW STYLES
6-4 Velvet and Tapestry Carpets.
JAMES H. ORNE & CO..
No. 626 CHESNUT Street,
Between Sixth and Seventh Streets.
EKCLISH ROYAL WILTON.
ENCLISH BRUSSELS.
EKCLISH TAPESTRIES.
JAIV.ES H. ORNE &CO.,.
No. 626 CHESNUT Street,
Between Sixth and Seventh Streets.
NEW CARPETINGS.,
FALL IMPORTATIONS.
Now Opening..
9 21 2rxpj
jllTlLLtlV tREASE i& SLOAN,
No. 519 CHESNUT St,
(Opposite Independence Hall,)
Have just received an invoice of
ENGLISH OIL CLOTHS
COCOA MATTINGS.
JEEVE L. JCNIGI1T & SON
No. 807 CIIESMT Street,
BAVC MOW OPXN
A WELL-ASSORTED STOCK OF
AMEJIICAN AND 12 NU LIS II.
OIL CLOTHS,
COCOA MATTINGS, DRUGGETS, RUGS, ETC
10 3wfmSmSp
XjEEDOM & SUA W,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
A T)"nT?fTT WA-DTTTnTTG-D
No. 910 ARCH STREET.
Just t ccelved per steamer "Manhattan," "new and
handsome PATaEBBS OKCttOSsLEY 8TAPESTBIE8,
entire j new for this market r imrp
Also, a full assortment ol DKUQQET8 In all wldtns
BETTER COPY-BOOKS,
300 pages, 9150.
LETTER COPT-BOOKS,
500 pagee,$4-00.
LETTER COPY-BOOKS,
lOOO panes, 9300.
FAltER'S PENCILS, r csnti Doxea.
ENVELOPES, 91'3 per tUouiaud.
n. IIOSK1JVS . CO.,
BtAKK IIOOK MANTITACrCEEnS,
8TATISSEKH AND CARD ENCIRAVEH8,
e ?e...iP No. 013 ARCH Street.
POCKET AND OFFICE CUTLERY, . WOS
trDbiilm's, llodKera', sue other oellraied fti:lor.
atMOS dHO8, tie CUtSSUT MreU Wl.wa.z