r '
THE DAILY EVENING TELEGKAm. PIlILADELrHIA, MONDAY, OCTOBER! 22, : 18G0.
G
ALL SMOKE
BBf.neral proposition, which persons who
J'upulou. to the letter In their atalernco a
,lht choose to modify into -Nearly all people
moke." There U a email minority who retrain
iTora emoklBR; but those who do not smoke are
considered, by those who do, as ycry poor
creatures indeed. '
Bomctinies, on contemplating the hourly in
dolence In this universal habit, thiBconmopoli
tao luxury, I ask mjeclf how the world-that Is
to fay, the Old World-got on before A. D. 150,
or thereabouts.. We were alt poor creatures
then; our mouths were underrated with cigars,
enr pockets ungaruished with Inciters, vestas,
and neat little volumes of cigarette paper. No
joung ladies, then, embioiderod tobacco
pouches, or sold them at fancy fairs tor fancy
prices The timler-box and its substitutes were
confined to the kitchen, or to the bapgage of
rious enterprising travellers who might have
to roast their dinner over dry sticks, after shoot
Inn it and preparing it themselves in the forest.
The meerschaum, the yard of clay. and. the
frute-gueute, or short, black, muzzle burner,
wore equally unknown Bnd uninvested. There
is no awoke without tire, and there s no tobacco
moke without tobneco; and yet the world did
get on, somehow, before A. D. 15o0.
"All 8moke" Is so slight an exaggeration, that
it might be allowed to pass uncavilled at. All
men smoke as ail ducks and geese swlm-wlta
exceptions, which, it they do not confirm, cer
tainly do not Invalidate the rule. It may be
rramed, too, that the habit of smoking varies
in Intensity at different spots of the civilized
globe. In France, smoking wears the teeth out
ol the workman's mouth at an early age. He
canmot work without his pip); while his hands
arc busy, his lips must pulf. He cannot walk
to bis meals without it; he cannot digest thorn
afterwards without it. On a holiday, espe
cially, he cannot tuke his pleasure without it;
he cannot ro to sleep without it. Paley said
that teeth were made, not to ache, but to eat
with. A French artisan's or laborer's teeth
were given to him to hold a pipe. That is the
iisal cause of French dentition ever since the
creation of the human race. For t lie last five
thousand years H has been perfecting itself for
that main purpose. Iron would not stand the
. wear and tear tuat many of these teeth have
ptood. But considering that teeth are so valua
ble lor other purposes besides pipe-holding, I
-wonder that that ingenious nation has not
Invented some patent indestructible mouth pipe
bolder. Then again. In Germany, do they smoke, or
don't they? It cannot be dcaied tnat they do,
a little. Not, to insist on what the vulgar do,
I will merely instance in this respect the ways
of a Herman professor, as- sketched by an able
contemporary. Your German professor never
gels on in thewoild, and he smokes all the
day and most of the night. It ruu.it be
allowed that no human being, not even a Turk,
nor an English ensigu, nor a French peasant
of the Departement du Nord, can smoke any
thing like a (Jeriwin professor. A really
practised and burdened German professor
will not only moke during every other
moment of his waking hours, but he will smoke
all through his dinner, talcing alternately a
jnouthlulot food and a mouthful of smoke. His
pending years in proving that being and not
being are the same, or that they are not the
same, audit not, why not," and how otherwise,
might seem to be irrelevant to the nil-smoke
question; but some people might reasonably
opine that it is only a natural consequence of
the smoke. '
In Northern Italy at least, smoking on the
wing has becomo eo general a practice, that
. almost as much attention seems paid to your
whiff by the way as to your reaching your final
destination. At the Turin station, you step out
on the platform, to take your place in a depart
ing train.
"Fumare 1 Fumare 1" shouts the guard, point
ing to a second-clnss carriage.
'Non Fumare; Genoa 1" says a traveller who
is making his first appearance on this stage.
''I dou't want to go to Fumare, but to Genoa.
I don't even remember to have seen Fumare
either on the time-table or on the map. 'Xou
Fpmare, non Fumare, se vi piace,' If you
please.1'
"Non Fumare ! JJon Fumare !" again shouts
the guard, pointing to a contiguous carriage.
Quoth I to my puzzled fellow-traveller, "The
train Is going to Genoa, sir; but 'fumare' indi
cates the carriages where you may smoke, 'non
lumare.' where you may not."
"Ah I thank you. To be sure 1" he said. "My
Italian has grown rutty, for waut ot use. I tooi
Fnmare lor a station I"
Hot mav we in justice neglect American ex
ploits in the smoking line. A letter from Wis
consin mentioned the existence there of an in
dividual named Joseph (it should have been
Methuselah) Crlle, who was supposed at that
date (April, 1805) to be the oldest man on earth.
He is, or was, a Frenchman, born in ihe neigh-
vuruuou vi iv iioi, in wormancty. tils baptts-
mm register assigned nim, tueu, tne re-
Bpectawe age ot one hundred and thirty
cleave wood, and to walk distances of several
Miles. His habits were regular; his consump
tion of drink was moderate; but he could not
live without smokiuff trom morninar till mcht.
If tobacco be a poison, we must either admit
that it is a very slow one, or else suppose that
memuBeian urue naa attainea what is tecum
cally called "a tolerance" of its influence.
trom the aged turn we to the juveniles. The
journal or Education, or Ohio (date unknown V
' informs us that la one of thvschoolsof thatBtar
, oonsibting ot nve-and-thlrty boys and girls,
inere are nine Utile boys who quid, and five
little girls who smoke tobacco. The Journal
seems annoyed by that statistical fact. "We
say nothing about the quidding," It wails aloud;
"but when we think of the smokeresses we
almost fancy ourselves in the Sandwich Islands."
The Journal is wrong to express surprise. In
a go-ahead nation like the United State,
the young idea, taught or untaught, will
sometimes make extraordinary shoots. All that
remains is for American mUtresses of deport
ment to teach young ladies graceful ways of
holding a cigarette, aHd of making the smoke,
ftJtyescapes, Invariably curl in the Hue of
.U!bi no'elty yitb which America presented
Uf Ji..i7o ree hundrel years ago, had been
. attractive to any ot the senses, we might be
: tS?S7?Mat tDe,uW U has taken of all
the Old World populations. But Its power is
. quite paradoxical. Although the p ant oTitoelf
la ol portly mien, prepared tobacco has nothing
which pleases or invites the eve- whii m ih
taste, the amell, the stomach, il , at the outset
absolutely offensive. Wbo is there who doea
remember the painful expeiimeut oi learuiuir
to smoke ?
Amongst others, Napoleon I never could or
never would learn. In Egypt, he pretended t0
gmoke as he held out his pofslble-con version
to Islamism to please the Egyptians by adopt
ing their customs. But he never could light his
ipe himself. It was his Mameluke Koustnu's
uty to set it going. If his master let it go out
again, charcoal and matches were not ruinously
expensive. '
, Afterwards, when the Persian ambassador
presented him with a very hautleonie pipe, ho
ordered his valet de chambre, Constant, to till
and light it. The fire being applied to the
mouth of the bowl, all that remained was to
' make the tobacco catch; but in the why in
, which his Majesty set about It, no smoke would
have appeared trom tnat time till doomsday.
He simply closed ana opened bis Jips, without
drawing tne least in tne worm. . .
"What the deuce!" he exclaimed at last
"There la no setting light to it."
, Constant diffidently ventured to observe that
the Emperor did not proceed exactly in the
usual way, and showed him the right mode of
going to work; but the inapt scholar still re
turned to nia bad imitation oi tne act or yawn
in or. 'Tired at last of bis useless efforts. "Con
slant, he blurted out, "do you light the pipe; I
cannot.". ' i
Bo said, ao done.; It was returned to him with
the ateajji well up, going at a high-preasure
rate, with a double Persian power of amok.
Scarcely had be drawn a whiff, when the
smoke, which he did not knaw how to
pet rid of, went down his throat, coining
out strain through his noe and eyes. As
soon as he had recovered hts breath, "Take
1t away I" he gasped, "take It away 1 Whnl an
infection 1 What a set of pigs they must be 1
It lias turned my stomach!"
He was ill for more than on hour 'afterward;
and he renounced forever "a pleasure whose
enjoyment," he said, "was only good to Oil up
the -time of Idle people with nothing better
to do."
Nature certainly has done her best to deter
via from the. use pr Ihe dreamy weed; and, as hap
pened long ago, men cannot resist 4he tempta
tion of lorbidden fruit. And when I say men.
I include with them women. Ladies' might
possibly be influenced bythe same spirit of contra
diction when they first tbrut powdered tobacco
up their pretty noses. According to the dogarel
song put into the mouth ot a eniitf-taking lady,
somebody said they should not; consequently,
they would:
"A pinch of tnvttt
That bryrnd stuff t
Take It r No, indeed, I can' I.
Such, Sally, dear,
Wan m irioa.
Until my husband raid 'You $fian't."
"Yon shan't I' to me!
Fiddle-dee-dec I
Of course 1 take it on the sly.
You know, dear ban,
For 'shan't' or 'shall,'
What husbands say is all my eye !"
This spirited nersonapn deserved, in return, to
be addressed in the blichtlown lannuatre in
which Balzac tnot the modern novelist) re
quested a piach ot a lady wbo flourished in the
days of Louis XIV. "Madame," he said, "per
mit my digital extremities to insinuate tliem-
selves into your tooaccnic concavity, 10 ootain
from it the subtle powder which dissipates and
confounds the aquatic humors of uiy inundated
and swampy biain."
WhOj aenin, would ever have supposed before
hand that the tnxes on so detestable an article
would ever produce an iumortant item in the
State's revenue? Yet such we know to be the
case in more than one European country. ,
rancv. some three hundred ver.rs aro. when
Jean Nicot, kitg'a advocate and ambassador
extraordinary, first sent tobacco to France from
rorrugai, as a jiresent to tnat amiable queen,
Catherine de Medicis onlv fnncv a bold finan
cier requesting an audience of the Cardinal de
Lorraine, and addressing him to toe following
purport:
Muonseigneur, knowinsr the treamrv to be in
a aomewhat pitiable condition. I htn come to
propose a tax which will bring you ia a oouple
or nunarea minions or irancs. cneerru iv raid-
voluntary contributions to the State revenue.
There will botaxnavers ineverv familv trouerh-
out the land, and you will never have to seize
or squeeze to collect it.'
' btate vour nroiect." thr Cardinal tYilfThr.
coldly reply.
aionseigneur, it Is MmDlv this. The Gov
ernment has only to reserve to itself the exclu
sive privilege or selling a certain herb, which is to
be reduced to a powder sufficiently tine for
people to stuff it up their noses. The plant
mav also be left in the leaf, to be chewed, or to
be burnt tor the purpose of inhaliug its smoke."
lour Diane, men. atioras a de lcnttui ner.
fume, sweeter than amber, musk, or roses?"
tvv no means." tne rneculntor would renlv.
"Its smell is unpleasant rather than not."
l understand, it is a nanacea. a Bnet lllc. en
dowed with marvellous healing virtues per
haps snatching men out of the jaws of death."
-ioi a aii. quue rue comrarv. xue numt ot
sniffing in the powdered herb weakens the
memory and destroys the smell. It cautes giddi
ness, 'mere are instances ot its brine insr on
blindness and even apoplexy. Chewed, it renders
the breath offensive and puts the stomach out
ot order. Inhaline the smoke ia a different
affair. First attentats brina on nains in the
chest, nausea, swimming in the head, colic, and
cold perspiration; but in the course of time and
Dy persevering, jou gradually get accustomed
to it."
"How many people do vou believe you will
find to be fools and idiou enoueh to punish
themselves for your tax-gathering "purposes by
smoking this plant or stuffing their nostrils
witli it "
There will one dav be. Mon-eierneur. more
than twenty millions in France alone. I don't
mention tne minions in Knuland. Germany, and
elsewhere, because they, Monaelgneur, pay vs
no taxes."
If the Cardinal had ordered the sctotner out
of doors in a huff, or got him put Into a lunatic
asylum, his contemporaries would have given
him small blame ior it. And yet, as events have
proved, he would have made a great mistake in
reiecting mat counsel.
Tb a last bit of badmaore is the wntmsicat
view which Alphone Karr takes of the tobacco
tax quest on; but he exaggerates, perhaps, the
dangers oi tne weea wneu empioyea wun orai
nary precaution. Another of his countrymen,
Eugene Pclletan, rivals our King James
I in the violence of nla counterblast
against tobacco, asci thing to it a considerable
share in causing what he considers the deca
dence ot France, be it noted mat ho holds up
for wine, landing it as th genuine national
beverage, and utterly proscribing the use of
alcohol. Drumfdrtnkii) is his terror and aver
sion, while beer find little favor in his eyes.
Wine, for him, is b9 health and sanity; eau de
vie and absinthe, madness and ruin. The flame
of brandv bi)is up the blood, and the race of
Frenchnif" is dwindling away in consequence.
The stiwdiird height for soldiers Is obliged to be
reduced. Thanks to absinthe, thanks to the dis
tillers of beetroot and the consumption of alco
nol augments every year in another century,
peihaps in less, the world will really behold
Frenchmen consumptive, onnv. ricketv. unnhlp.
to handle either spade or gun, like the French
men ol old Eueiish caricatures. Now alcohol
calls In the aid of tobacco, by the verv nature
of thinsrs, out of simple svmmetrv. One over-
excites the brain, the other benumbs and stu
pefies it.
According to I'eiietan. tne verv introduction
of tobacco could not happen in an ordinary
way. The circumstances accompanying it were
reces.-arily startling and fantastic, like the com
pounding a cu arm or tne completing an incan-
lauou. in tne sixteenth century the monsoon
waited to Manilla a vessel manned bv anes of a
singular species. Dresed up like men, they
imitated buinun shape so well as to cause an
illusion lor the first lew moments. But tbev ale
tire-sticks-, and rejected the smoke tbrougu a
nasal protuberance ot portentous length.
mete curious animals were suaumvds. who
had jut learnt in America the art of smoking,
and brought it piping hot to the coast ot Asia.
The inhabitants of the Indian Archipelago,
accustomed to the small noses ol the Malayan
lace, could not behold without secret horror
the cornuconiouB aquiline of the Castilian tvne.
The long noses got i tie upper hand of the short
botes, maims to tne m-ip ot tne nrqucbuse. The
conquerors tamed the conquered race, reducing
.ucua iu tiuvery. no you Know nowr uy stupe
fying au.i boBotiiug them with ciaars.
. uucted a long resistance to the inva
oriSiiSLi? H.cco" " The rt'Seut distributed it
Sat.w.7.,i.oeol!L taste forlt and create
ou ..v..,,. WHUT. Thp t,il .. ., that
S ".u lew .hundred thousand franc.
1 V W VA A V IUUV
at the very outside. It
uo produces two hull-
dred mill oiif.
But, at least, in the enrWinu ceutnrv tn
bacco was taken in powder by the 0',.y' i
there was somethina s inpathctlc in that 'laLhtnn
of taking ir. The sriutl box passed from liuud to
hand; lingers were thrust into it, in turu. The
box tilseli 'leDi'i't-euted a work of an. a iimi
of pnee. a breviary of the heart, a portrult of
gome uciovcd oujeci.
It was a mod well suited to the affected
society of eileminate seigneurs, smart little
abbes, giddy-brained duchesses, crumpled
'up beauties', and heart-shaped mouths
constant baited with a smile. The
action h' oi' ihe thumb in administer
ing the piath, nymakinar the nose turu up more
and nioie, pave it a detlant air; and the snuff
itself, by peppering the ninroua , membrane,
spuned the intellect, and the wltticUin, ex
ploded. Heaven' knows what sort of witticism
But tbe elghtveuth century thought of little else
than love-mukine, with an epigram now and
then to break the monotony.
nufT, incessantly inlccted into the naal i
sinus ended by destroying the sene of smeil. 1
If therinhtcenth century indulged In the love
ot tloweis, it, did so uncoifclous of their por
fume. Its nose was slopped np. Now, whoever
loses the impressionability ot a sense, at the anio
time loses a porticn of native mode-ty. Wituesi
the blind and deaf and dumb. The eighteenth
century, through its nasal dcatness, becamo
mad alter game kept till it was high ani tainted
alter putielaction on a silver dish. For the
fame reason it courted coarse amours, the gal
lantry ot the lamp-post and the gutter. The
l)u Barry reieucd everywhere, from the highest
to the lowest, in aristocratic circles. Society
so fool could only be cleansed by plunging it in
the wash-tub ot revolution.
And now that man has recovered hi" nose,
that he can Inhale the pertume of beauty and
floweia, he extinguishes another senso, that is,
another perception of modesty. H0 takes in
tobacco by the mouth, ho breathes It In smoke.
He converts the sanctuary of taste Into a
chimney. He lines and Impregnates every
corner of his palate with a sooty coal ol nicotine.
And yet that is the place where the immortal
soul gives audience, thedwelling-placool speech
speech, the glorious communication of man
with man, ol man with woman. And when ho
whispers a Confidence of the heart, it floats from
his lip infected by the pipe, like the hot puff of
fulsome vapor which recks up from tho window
01 an underground kitchen. What poetry can
words of love retain when they present them
selves In such bad company? A woaian must
sadly want to pardon the man when she goe3 so
far as to excuse the cigar.
it is In vain that Nature (who appoints senti
nels to guard us from ourselves) protests against
this internal fumigation of our persons. In vain
does she charitably warn us of the danger by
the very difficulty we have in acclimatizing our
selves to tobacco smoke. Tho contagion of ex
ample draws us on: the demon of the pipe has
got possession of ns. . No doubt the novitiate is
long.- We suffer soa-sickness ten times a day:
we shudder with chilly ague fits; but by dint of
undergoing the penance, we acquire the right
ot smolling offensively. r
''Tobacco has killed kissing," says Michelet.
It does more; it closes the drawing-room. For
merly people conversed after dinner. Men and
women, assembled round the same lamp, went
through a course of mutual instruction. The
men initialed the women into intellectual life:
the women taught the men the graceful arts of
pleasing. Both parties were gainers by the
bargain. It was free exchange In all its
splendor, i , .
But the male portion of the French popula
tion are anxious to compete -with Yarmouth red
herring and Hamburg smoked beef. Whenever
thevara asked to .dinner, as soon as they get
back to the drawing-room they cast melancholy
gmucca in mi uin-ciions. w nat does it matter
to them that their hostess is handsome or witty
aim ciever r nas a young man or the present
day any need to toss back the ball, and answer
one amusing speech by another f After dinner
he is lamt and languid; his thoughts are absent;
his heait is wandering after a Havana cigar.
But,.as a well-bred woman cannot convert her
drawing-room into a pothouse, every creature
who wears or might wear a moustache takes
his departure at the earliest occasion, and goes
into female society where he can smoke at ease,
Idling back with bis legs on the chimney-piece.
Every evening La Jeunesse Doree takes prac
tical lessons in cynicism. Now and then an
elegante moving In good society, In despair at
the cigar's severing humanity in two and con
demning her to a life of conversational cclibscy,
endeavors to retain the deserters by opening a
smoking-room in her mansion, and herself set
ting the example with a cigarette.
But tobacco has a fuller flavor in an equivo
cal than in a respeotable house.- There, at least,
it can be moistened with beer and brand y. And
thus a stinking West Indian plant, burning in
the human pullet, banishes the wine-glass more
and more.- Neither the perfumed produce of
jjieocc nor tne electric vintages oi Burgundy
retain their holy on the smoker's palate. The
unhflppy wretch olunees his lip in a bitter de
coction of hops, or swallows a class ot kirsch at
a gulp, which Is one way as good as another of
firing a pistol into one's mouth.
Smoking, like dram-drinking, is the conse
quence of having nothing to do, of disenchant
ment ot the heart and mind. ' A prisoner of
siaio ancgca, -'tseiorc entering my ceil, i was
innocent of tobacco; but I learned to smoke
under bolts and bars, to beguile the weariness
ot solitude."
The increasing consumption of tobacco is
frightful. Children ten years of age already
smoke. But it is time to think of a remedy.
Tobacco is a poison a slow one, if you wiB
bnt certainly a poison; ior it Denumos tne Dram,
extinguishes the memory, brings on giddiness,
on1 (mllif a . it ..d , 1 1 . "i r tinavtlilA lioanL'nj
cancer in the mouth and softening of the spinal
marrow. When it does not kill totally, it kills
paittaiiy. it concert with its comrade alcohol,
it ravages tne organism and dwaris tno species,
Tobacco injures the human race not only phy
sically, but morally. It strikes thought with
atrophy, and paralyses ' action. ' With every
whiff of tobacco-smoke a man exhales an enerorv
or a virtue. Germany smokes and dreams; 8paia
Buiuacs guu bicciw. xuiney,. wno nas been
smoking these last three, hundred years, has no
miiBcr oireugiu wj niaui on ner legs, lte
clining on a divan, she dreams all day Ions.
nut louseenei eomewncre says, "A ver
tical nation win always conquer a hori
zontal nation." ... Take care ot , vourselve.
O Gallic youth ! Unless you throw your cigar
Bwiiv. ubuic wajr io?sioiy vauun in srooKc,
Bucb is the conclusion of M. Pcllptnn's in
Another French author, M. Jolly, member ot
the. Imperial Academy of Medicine, is indignant
that smoking should be openly permitted in a
uoveruuieni scnooi. -as ir," ne says, "learning
me pipe-aua-cigar exercise were a necessary
preparation for serious studies; as il such a
novitiate were the best Introduction to a career
oi science, arms, ana letters." Worse still;
physician, whose name he suppresses out of
respect lor the rest.ot his colleagues, had the
singular idea of proposing the use of tobacco
snioKe as a saiutaiy regulation lor French
Lyceums!
Tobacco did uot find Its way into the different
countries of Europe either through the same
channel, or exactly at the same date. Its im-
ploynieut as an excitant and a stupetier is pro
bably as old as the aboriclnal populations of the
X' lr 1-1 1 If .. .A if . .
.wcw norm liseu. uui its m ex introduction to
the Old World cannot have occurred earlier than
the sixteenth century. We ow e it to a Spanish
missionary named Fray Komnno Pane, who had
oeen taiten to America by Christopher Colum
bus, to o m vert the natives to Cbristiauitv The
worthy friar Imving remarked, tn the priests of
the god Kiwassn, the fanatic excitement pro
duced by the vanor of tobacco leaves in fer
mentation or combustion, took it Into his head
to send seeds of the plant to Charles V, In all
piuuuuiiit; nine Huspecnng mat ne was trans
muting to nis sovereign the germs ol a revolu
tion destined one day to overrun the world.
r-uch at least, appears to be the origin of the
culture of tobacco by Europeans. Spain hud it
first. This occurred in 1618, an epoch equally
fruitful in superstitious frivolities and libdoiical
events. Cuba was tbe first snot aelRctmi. on
account ol the superiority of its produce. Por
tugal soon followed Spain's example, byerovving
tobacco in several districts ol llruzil. PortifHl,
also, observing how Its sale Increased, was tbe tlrt
to draw a revenue from a tax on tobacco. About
that time, Cnrdinal Delia Santa (iroee, ben the
Pope's nuncio in Portugal, imported tobacco
into Italy, Atuie instigation ot Admiral Drake,
tne Au:!io-Ameni;u" uuu autraiv oroken un
iui iiuiibdi wiiuiM uwoo in , uuiuiu uuu juarviauu
ior tne special culture or topacco. All thla im
Plies a ertaiu demand, which, though partial
"u limited at urst, must nave oeen tteadily on
"he Increase.
, tobacco, therefore, was not olv
. ""yrded a revenue to a portion of Enrnii
had cuhft1 Klf ' "cn E"vy Lisbon, who
mpntna u ? garden, and had experl-
cure for linu.i. v 11 wtlu ooo powuer as a
Catherine de x'.?,!!red in 15G0-to Vueen
uu iiiurw(1i ,WU iAkannA
powder as a
II toerto tobacco had n..i., i. ' V " 1
fumlgator by tbe SS
hav undercone Hnmir r .,T. 'I'armus, wnicu
reaching the TeAn whfahW.
sent, but thji time It was no longer a Csilon o"
Inhaling the smoke of the plantfiu pTer haj
to be snuffed In bythe nose. Ann Uwasthni
that, alter journeying by sea and by laud, and
traversing a rortiou of Kiirone. tobacco made
Its entry into France by the narrow passage of
ner nosiriie. ;
The moment could not be better choson nor
more opportune. The Queen, who, as well as
her sen Francis li. suflcied froui obstinate
headaebes, received the remedy with the hearty
welcome always given to new and far-letcued
specifics. Ol its success nothing is recorded.
All we know is Hint, from that dale, headaches
have often been the pretext tor anufl-taklng. .
ine custom soon fotead. with incredible
rapidity, throughout all classes of society.
There was a mania, a rage tor snuff. Rich and
poor, men and women, healthy and sick, every
one, furnished with their little roll of tobacco,
the mater wherewith to reduce It to powder.
strove who should oil' r it ami take it the most
eagerly. Far Irom lading into neglect as time
wore on, as olten Happens wun tbe best or
things, the ut-e ol snuff was constantly on the
increase; to such an extent that, during the
reigna ot Louis III and Louis XIV, it was
almost tho etiquette to present tini'i eolf -at
court, grater In hand, tbe shirt frill bespattered
wun huun, tne note more or less stutted with
the precious powder, the checks slightly tinged
with its hue, and the clothing thorongnlv
scented with its smell. Some few of . our aged
contemporaries may have seen tho last relics of
that memorable epoch. ' i
cut tne tooacco craters taithoutrti articles or
finery which rivalled the most expensive fans)
could not long survive the improvements 1ri the
ars ot reducing tobacco by maenmery. ltiey
were succeeded by snuff-boxes, displaying In
turn the mirk ot extravagant luxury. Both
graters and tnuff-boxes are alike responsible lor
the Immense consumption of tobacco In Franoe.
No nation ever snutled to snch an excess: and
that in spite of criticism and railory, In spite of
tl.e advice of physicians, in spite ol the autho
rity of kirgs and popes. i i
The sultan and the Muscovite . sovereign
threatened death, the king ot Persia amputation
of the noi-e, Urban VllI excommunication,
Christian IV of Denmark the m ilder punishments
of lines and whipping?, to persons guilty of to
pacco tatting, liut we know what little muuence
both laws and reason, either singly or in combl
tion, have in checking the spread of a foolish
lasnion. we need not searcu nistorv tor exam
ples we need not no back to Rome, nor even to
Venice having contemporary instances belore
ourejes. "The mode" will ever manifest Us
despotism by forcing society to adopt some new-
langiea iouy oi tne uav. :
Aotnintr. indeed, proves better than tne nts-;
tory of tobacco the Btrange turns taken by hu
man at! airs by the wajs and doings of men and
women. An acrid, letid. and reBul-tve plant.
unused by and unknown to all except the.
eavages ot America, is brought over to Europe. ,
One would say, belore the experiment was tried,
that It was sure to be despised and rejected, or
at least let nione. and consigned to a corner in a
druggist's shop with other "nauseous and medi
cinal articles. But instead ot tnat, presto; it
suddenly finds favor as if bv enchantment. The
naonsot nations are changpd-in consequence;
a new luuuiKeucu ' creaieu; a new want, oi
primary necessity, makes itselt felt by the world
at large, xooacco a triumphant march in ad
vance shows the power or imitation not only on
the human mini, but over the destinies of a
people. 1
isevertneiesH.tne t rencn did not vet smoke, al
though smoicing was already common in Spain,
Holland, Switzerland, and Prussia. And al
though France tolerated foreign smokers in the
spirit oi ner naDituai courtesy, sne still kent
exclusively to her pinch -of anntf, seemingly in
protest, agaiusi wnai appeared ir.com patible
wun national manners. :
As to the time consumed In smokinc. bv wav
oi pareninesis, 1 sav notnimr. because in manv
cases the amusement is adopted avowedly as a
means oi Killing time, snuming, it has been
calculated, U even a greater waste of time than
smoKing.
People can smoke and go on with what they
are about; while snuffing, thev do that and
nothing else. Now every habitual snuffer is
estimated to take a pinch six time? at leat per
hour. Every pinch requires tbe employment
or ine nanoKercnier, tne taxing out ot and re
turning it to the pocket, the opening and shot
ting of tne do.v, and other indispensable
manoeuvres, taking uo in all not less tban a
minute and a half, or nine minutes per hour,
or two hours twenty-four minutes per day (of
BlAll'CU II U II 1 9 UU1V, AJUb I, WCULJ '1UU11, Ul bUlfty-
six days and a halt (of twenty-lour hours) per
annum, or exactly tour whole years during a
li e ot forty years just the tithe, in short, of
a person's existence.
(Somebody asked Abernethy whether the
moderate use ot Bnuff would injure hts brain.
"No, sir," replied the Irrltabie doctor; "for
nobody with an ounce of brains in his head
would ever think of taking snuff."
Louis XIV did not smoke, but at least he tole
rated smokers. Jean Bart was one of the first
personages who Introduced the pipe to court,
whiiher he had been sent for by the king. As
it was not yet daylight when he preeuted him
self, he bud to wait m the antechamber before
admission to the presence. -Knowing nobody
at Versailles, he found tbe time long; so he
took out hi pipe, struck a light with flint and
steel, and set to smoking in right good earnest.
Such conduct was naturally considered ex
tremely improper the height of Impudence.
Nobody had ever before smoked in the king's
apartment. The courtiers ' were shocked ; tue
guards wanted to turn him eut.
.He coolly replied, puffing away, MI have con
tracted this habit iu tbe king my master's ser
vice, and it has become a necessity. I believe
him to be too just a monarch to be angry at my
satisfying it."
As he had never appeared at court, there was
only tbe Comte de Forbia who knew him; and
he, fearing the consequences of the freak, dared
not acknowledge him as his friend. , Bo some-
r body went and told the king that a stiange fel
low naa presumed to smoae, ana renuea to quit
the antechamber. - -
"Let him do as he likes," said the king, with
a laugh; "I bet anything that It Is Jean Bart."
Adding toon afterwards, "Let him come in."
On entering?, his Majesty received him cor
dially, remarking: "Vou, Jean Bart, are tho
only person allowed to suicke here." ,
Tue name of Jean Bart and the king's gra
cious reception made a Strang alteratioa in the
courtiers' manners. When he lclt the king they
tbroneed about him, asking how he managed
to get opt cf IHinkerquo with his Utile squad
ron, in spite ol the floet blockading the port.
Rantiug them close together in a line belore
him he pushed his way through, elbowing
right and left, and pommelling them with his
fists. Then, turning round, he said: "That is
the way 1 managed it." ,
Sailors elsewhere had already indulged them
selves both with tbe pipe and the quid, and so
distinguished themselves from the rest ot the
service. But examples like these spread quickly,
if not lor the gratification of curiosity as hap
pened even to the daughters of tb Grand
Monarque. One day, when they were indulg
ing in the novelty, without asking their gov
erness' perraitsion. they were surprised by the
entrance of their royal father, who was struck
all of a heap at the Bight.
Copying the nuvv, tno army soon smoked, be
ginnuig with the officers and not ending with
the common soldiers; lor now all r ranee
smokes like one man, with a single mo'-itu,
keeping millions upon millions of pipes alight.
The pastime is not confined to the bivouac, but
Is practised everywhere, at all times, in all
weathers, in all ranks of society, from the im
perial throne to the meanest hovel. Princes
and ministers, masters and jalcts, rich and
poor, great and little, everybody ampkes, all
smoke. Smoking Is perpetrated on loot, on
horseback, In private carriases. in railway
ditto, at work, during repose, always and every
where. Almost Ihe only interruption are the
Ea devoted to rest and aleep? and that inter
Son will shortly cease tvheu France shall be
as advanced aa Germany. Tender youth is not
held I Si'nt reason for abstaining from the
SSe ol tobacco. The adolescent smokes; the
child? the schoolboy would also aiuoke were he
Sot prevented rather by paternal surveillance
and echolastlo discipline than by the giddiness
naivea, and intoxication which are consequent
on hi precocious attempts.
Declamation la powerless In Ihe face of stub
bora facts, and when people have resolved to do
a thitig, 11 la of no tise advising- tlieifl notto do
it. Still, wc cannot conceal trom ourselves that
England, as (ar as tobneoo Is concerned. Is bo-.
finning to llval the eocial state above defcrincd.
rvai the Continent doubiless we have Imported
aniOKing to excess, iiist as. we nave imported
moustaches, beards, white table-clottts at
dessert, acd dinners a In Huhsc. The one may
be as irresif title ns. ine oiners; out, nntorlnu-
itrlv. it is neither so inexpensive nor so harm
less, for it involves the whole questlou of na
tional hvtipne. ol the popular health, ol the
dwarfing of our race and the spread ol dWcase.
Hardened smokers win go on in tneir own
way, in spite ot all they may read or hear; but
beginners would do well to peruse attentively
Dr. lilchardson'a able treatise "For and Against
Tobacco." Although it la more Against than
For, it is sulbciently impartial to command
respect. iondon hcoutyfer October.
WATCHES, JEWELflY ETC,
J USE GOLD WATCHES.
to sojourners in our city.
Wi i itelal attention of tbe tolonnien la tn oiir
to tie
FINE WATCH AND dlLVKtlWAllB
ESTABLISHMENT OF
i. W. W. CASSIDY, V
No. lit South SECOND Street,
Who has on band on of tbe Uncut ajwortmetiti ot Jew-
eliy, etc., of any in tbe city. A tplendld assortment o
BlLVZtt WAJUE ALWAYS ON HAND. Reroacabor
W. W. CASSlDY,
No.
13 Boutb BECOKD Street
ILENRY HARPER;
IXo. 50 AROII Street,
. Manurtctorer auu Dealer m
Watches . : . .
Fine Jewelry, ' (
, Silver-Plated Ware,
"J Solid Silver-Ware.
KIOH J EWE LEY.
JOHN BRENNAN,
. i DEALER IN
DIAMONDS, FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY,
; Etc Etc Etc
,'9 2(i , 18 8. EIGHTH ST., PJIILADA.
DIAJIOSD DEALER & JEWELER
WATCHES, JEWELBT A SILTEa WARE,
.WATCHES and JEWELRY REPAIRED..
802 Chestnut 8t.,PMlr.
Owing to tbe decline, ot Hold, baa made a grent re-
Auction In price of bla large and weU.aiaorted atock
Diamonds,
Watches,
Jewelry,
Silverware, Etc
Th public are reapcctrully invited to call and examln
our stock before purchasing eliewnere. . sj
A full aeeortment ot above arooda oonataoNr oa
hand at model ate prices the it usJcolBoxei placing
from 2 to 10 beautiful Airs.
FAKE & BROTHER, Importer.,
No. 824C11EENUT BTREET,
llllamth$rp ' Below Fourth. "
G. RUSSELL & CO.,
No. 22 North SIXTH
IlavlDg Increased tbelrracillttei (or
FINE WATCH HEPAIKISG,
Invite tbe attention ef tbe public .
All work warranted for one year. C2
BOWMAN & LEONAKD,
MAKCFlCTDKEKa OF
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER
IN
Silver
No.
una
704
Silvcr-Platcd Goods,
ARCH STREET,
FBIj-ADXLFHlA.
Tboce In want of SILVER or SILVIB-PLATED
yVAhi, will Jlud It much to tbelr adTautags tort.lt
ourblOMS beioie making ilieir purchase. Our long
fcxpeneuce in tua n.uuiaotura ot Uia above k.luda of
goods enacua u to ouiy competition. -
We keep no good but tboae wLlco are of tbe FIRST
CABB.all of our oWn make, and will boaoldat reduced
prices. lm
g ILTER-PLATED WARE.
SAMUEL K. SMYTH,
Practical Partner of tbe late firm of MEAD A
8-MX'iH, would inform tbe trade tnat lie baa removed to
No. 39 South THIRD Street,
Wbeie be will continue the manufacture of SOPE.
KIOK MLXk K PLATiLD WAfiL ol oouble and triple
plate, under (be nam (of tbe Him of bllYiU AXlAili.
i'l lm
INSTRUCTION.
JIJ- AMILION INSTITUTE
b' Oil YOU NO Jj A E I 13 S.
PHILIP A. CHI OAR, !
Being about to relinquish bis poaltlon In tbe publ!o
ecboola. wlib ivhlcb be baa been connected fur the last
t tut) -three yearn,
W ILL Vl'tli A DAT AIp BOAfiDINO SCHOOL
roa
yOUKO LADIES, '
AI
Ko. 8810 CntttKUT STuEKT,
ON MODAY, 8KPTEM11ER 10.
Ybla Institution is designed to rlral the best aeml
naiiea In the oouulry.
C1RI ULAB8
Containing nartlculars and olliei Information In relation
to mis Jusiltutlou, can b uad
unlit tua 1st of Mo-
ttuiuer. at
No. MON. TWELFlUStiee. 827
MONBIEUtt ALEXANDKK W0L0W9KI
would luiorui tali mends and the public gunerally
that be is now ready to give lumruetloa iu Binuiug and on
the l lano. According to bis owu Avsteia which hereto
fore bas proved no successlul In reuderlug the voice
Eowenul and melodious, and at iIm awe time linpart
ig Ibat fi cillty to enable tbe aocu ate reading ot tbe
most difiicult passes. llls.meiu ior tbe Plauo ena
bles bis pupl a to execute eperatio and. classical uiualo
wl h eaue, leelmg, aud briiHaucy.
lbote winning to avail thennelvea of bla long expe
rience can do to by calling at bis residence.
8 24lairp lo. 7U 8. WABUOION Fquare.
II E OAIt AY' INSTITUTE.
Eh G 1.18 H AND FRENCH.
Boarding and day pupils, Aos. 161 and 1KW SPRUCE
Street, will reopen ou 1UCHKDAY, heptainhof 20.
French la tbe language of Uie faiuOy, aud la constantly
tpoken In the Institute. " ' i
Primary 1 epartment. per annum., . . v ,
liay bobolkr, bi annum, fiw i ' ' .
Day BoMdmg s upU. t DAJ D
ii ftnwim Prtuclpal,
W4T0HES, JEWELRY, &o. !
MUSICAL BOXES.
St.,
SHIRTS, FURNISHING GOODS, At
J. c.or TA & c;or
SHIRT MANUFACTURERS,
AHO TEALKXS IM
MEN S FUJ.INISI1INQ OOOD8i
No. 814 CHESNUT Street,
FOUR DOORS Bf.LOW THR ''COSTISB NTAL,
x7!iip PHILADELPHIA.
PATENT . SHOULDER-SEAM
BIJIRT .MANUEACTORY,
AND GENTLEMEN'S i URKISHINO STORE.'
PERFECT FITTIKO BHIBTS iND DRAWERS
marte Irom rr.panurcnirnt at very short notice.
AM ether si tides ol Oi.MLi.HUN DHJS88 GOODS
In lull variety.
WINCHESTER & CO.,
IM! No. 706 CHESNUT Btreet'
THE QEZST FITTING SHIRT
-i tva ao ins il I
tn RUHinui uicu ttj . , .
F. AYRE, No. 68 N. SIXTH f,tCt TbUadeVbla.
7" can una a large aMn.imenrnr
; i OeTB FURMUmalO tbOOBwr).a
Clip this out and give us a call. r .n
917- . , No. 68N. BlXlU Street. rhiladelphla.
SADDLES AND HARNESS, i.
TT A II N ,E S S . '
, x lakgkJlot or sew tjki ted states
WAOON HABNESS, 2, 1 and 0 hone. ; Also, parts
Of HAESESS, 841)1L,ES, COLLARS, . UAL.
TFE8, etc, bongbt at tho rcceiit Government aaloa
to be acid at a treat aacriflco Wholesale or Uoiaiu,
Together with onr usual assortment of ' " ' '
,' SADDLERY AND SADDLERY HARDWARE.
WILLIAM S, IIANSELL-& SOKS.
( l : k . 5 ' . 1 i ' I "r '" (I M 7
21, No. 11 MARK Htreot.
- 1 i i ....
: STOVES, 'RANGE:s7if C
Q U L T E ll'S NEW P A T K N T
aoT.A'iAF U U ii A. b b:
RANGES Of A 1,1V 81ZKB.
ALSl, TBI EGA '3 ,t KVt LOW PRESSORS
STlAil ULA1JNU Ali'ARAfOa,, -job
balk ar
CHi-ULES WILLIAMS,
.610$ . Bio. itbi y.iilUil bTRJUCX.
27 OAS S T 0 V E SI, 27
THE EAGLE GAS-1IEATIWP STOVJE9
.win, BFATr.::i:i'. .:r.':r 'J
Your Offices, Parlors, ' Dining', ' Sleepiaa;, and
." Bath-Rooms, .. . : ' ;
, ; . at . )J) ji
LESS - EXPENSE, LES TltOUBLK. NO J)IRTa
BMOKe;, OB A8UH.8. . j
1 hey are all warranted te do tl-a work. Call and go
them, at G. W. . LOO.lIS ii ,
10 0 lm Ko. ar P. SIXTH Street.' Fbiludolpbla, Pa.
TiinAtPsnM'Q T nvrvnv ttttpiti'vww i
OR teROFEAN RANOK, ter famlilm; hotels,
or l u blio iiiBtiluilous. in 1 WfcNTV DU'f'KKfcNC
MZtS, Also, I'M aile.pbla RaiiRea. Hoi-Air iih
oavra, uriauie nvaieni, ijunuutta uimw, - iwnaarfli
Atoves, Bam Boilers, bitwiiole fiatea, Urollera. Oook
lug Htovta, etc., wboloea-e ami i. mil, by the munmac
turera. ellARVE A TBOMBOH,
alatnth6m ' Ko. 209 ii. BECO.NI atreot I
SHIPPING.
firft FOR SALE. TWO PROPELLEtS
J U JyT, STEAMSIl l P8 S 0 tont eaeb i two years old t
luiifciu, 1M, leet breailtli el Ik am, 26 leet 8 hictiest (leptli
oi lower boid.V net li ineuesi tM-t-neen decks, 1 feet tt
inchest conclengtnft euii Ine cyllnoera, 3tt lucr.es tn bora
and m In stroke. ,
i'reittbt capncltv. 4lrf0 barre a. Copper fastened, ana
built Iu I hiladeluula by aleesis. Wllllium Cramp A Houa.
In p endld ordtr. .. . . ,
For particulars apply to '
- W. B GALLAGHER.
- . Ko. 208 N.'W UARVKt. or to
' W1LLTAM F. P0TT8,
9 241mrp . 'o 1228 MAUK.L1 Btreet, Pliila.
si'ri.'.iM th 1.1 V KMPnnT currva
u.at Oueenatown Ihe Iniuan Lln. aailluK
atuii-wte&iy, carrrniK me l uiieu ntaieamai.s
' t ItY Of WABHlNOlUJS" Baturdaf. Ootobe Tt
"tin r Lia r mi n.
. Wednesday. October 31
1 tiTi OF LOSPUN" ,
C1TI OF MA.MJllK8'llih',..Veenemiay. November 1
.eaturaay. Aovemuer s
and eacb succetding faturday and weduestlay, at
noon, irom Fler Ko. 45 Korib nvrr.
Oi' PaBSAUE
By the mall steamer sailing every Saturday.
Fuat Cabin, Gold 19U btetrago l'arreocy...,.35
To London..., 981 ToLondon 4(1
To Vans lut To Paris M
Passage by tbe 'Hedneeday steamers in-First cabin,
1(1(1; steerage, 38. Payable in United States cur
rency. .. ' - .
Passengers also forwarded to Havre, Hamburg, Bra
men, etc , at inodorate rates.
titeerage pasig trom Liverpool ot- QuetnurtowH, $49.
cutrency. 'i icktts can be boutint here by, pextoaa aeadi
lu? for tbelr trlenfla.
For mriber inioimatlon apply at the Companyl
Ofllcea. JOHN G. DALE Acent,
81 Ko. Ill WALAVT Btreet. I'biJad.
r-xKZZt Foa NKW ItOEK. -PfllLADEL
atflaaai i i I i delphla Bteam Propeller, t'omaany Da.
kKau.u Bwinsure Liucs.vU lielawara and Karilaa OanaL.
Iealngdalyat l2 11. and 8 p. A4M oouuecUiiaT With aA
Avniitra auu r.aiieru uuc ,
For freight, wliluh win be taken upon accommodating
terms, apply to WILLIAM M. UAlKIi A 4,'C, ,
lia Ko liii B. DELA WARM aVveaOaf
. TO SH IP CAPTMNS AN D O WM ERS.1
i ii nugnnuKDeu naviug leased tno H-lus
b.oluN SCUKW DOlk., beHS to inform bis 1'iiomU
and tbe patrons oi the iiock that he la prepared wltU
Increated rac littles taaccouimodute thoso naviug vessel
to be taised or rcpBlre'', and being a pi ac.tlcal ship-car
penter and caulker, will give personal attention to the)'
vatsela eutrosteU to bun lor repairs -
Captalus or Agenls. Bbtp-C'arpeutora. and Machlnlsta"
having vetsels to repair, a.B solioiu-d to pail.
Having tbe agency for the sale ot "WetUrstedt'a
Putent Meta lo c ouiposltlon" lor Copper pamt, lor tha
preservation of venels' bottoms, for this cl y, I am pre
pared to lurulsh the same on lavorablo terms.
John u hamkitt,
Kt nsington Kcrew Dock, V
I IS DFLAW ARE Avenue above Laurel street.
WALL PAPERS.
pAPEIl HANGINGS
.. and
WINDOW S H A D E S
AT WHOLE 8AL. i
. fc 4 0 IN. PLAINS,
FISE DECORATIONS, L ' ' ,
BOBBER MOPLliINGS. .., ' ..
. . - STAJkP GILTS,
- EAGLISO 8ATINS,
- blanks, Eia;
IN GREAT VARltTY.-
: :i:.j v.n t. hazzard;h
If 6 mw3m Ko, 819 ABCH Btreet, -
GARBLED SLATE MANTLES.
8LATE WOUK of every description on band.ordous
to order. rr
I LAIN 6 LATE AND TILES alwajs pn band.
J. B. UIME8 Si CO.,
W Vo 2120 and I'ig CHKSNUr Btreet:
G- e o k g e p,l o wii t:;
OARl'liSNTIS'It AKD tJUJKDEKi
aKI a. 3 a aa aa v. .
And Nn in rwvir o...,.
Machine Work and lilUwrigbtuif pioapiiy atijtuJo