TEE DAILY EVENING TELEGRAPH. PHILADELPHIA, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 21, 18GC.
LITERATURE.
Nakbativi of an Expedition to th Zavdbri
akd its Tributaries, ahd of tdi Disoovrrt
OF THl LAIE8 BhIRWA AMD NTA8SA, 1848-1864.
By David and Charlee Livingstone. Harper A
Drothere, New Tork. rhiladelpeie agaU, J.
B. Lipplncott & Ce.
A larjre, well-printed volume of 619 pages, pro
fusely filled with engraving, contales the ex
perience of the Livingstone brotbera daring a
eo)OHrn of alx yeara in the wilds ef Africa. The
work la written in a atyle of didaot'.o forco, yet
each eveni of the expedition la chronicled with
a minuteness which would mal that of Fra
Thillp or Brother Afjuilar. It la not our pur
pone to follow the travellers through the wild
tract, to stand with them in the caneerakc, to
watch the alligators port, to bestride with
them the half-tamed .ebra or gnou, and hunt
with tbem the lion, the leopard, or the antelope.
Our buaincas ia not with thoir journey, but with
the record ot it. Those who aeelt to hear of
vnknewn prairies, newly discovered lares, rare
tropical fiowera, and untutpred tribes, must
read the volume, and we promise tbem that time
thus spent will not be tlnte wated. The work
la a record ot privations, dangers, and diflleul
tles overcome, enemies triumphed over, nature
subdued, the mystic circle oi civilization broken
and extended, and the daring of two men made
to accomplish what had vaicly been endeavored
by the Dons of Portugal for centuries.
The LivingBtonce started from England
on the 10th of March, 1858, and reached the
delta of the Zamhet.1 after a pleasant voyaja.
This dr-lta, they assure us, is far greater ia size
than that of the Kile, and is capable of rieb. cul
tivation, as at certain seasons the Zambesi over
flows ltd banks the same as the groat Fathor of
Waters. The general appearance of the river Is
the Fume, and we quote the Doctor's description
of tho first twenty miles:
"The bread river has many low Islands, en whioh
are Born various kinds ot watortol, biiod a noose,
spoonbills, herons, flamingoes ; repulsive crocodiles,
as witb open jaws they sleep and bniUc in the hud on
Uio-low banks, soon cavch the sound of tbe revolving
padUos and elide quietly into tbe stream. Tbe hip
popotamus, having aeleettd somu still reaoh ef tue
river to spend the day, uses iivm tho bottom, wliore
lie has been enjoy in his noming bath after tbe
labors of mo night oa shore, blows a puff ot spray
out of his nostrils, shakes the water oat of his ears,
ruts bis cnoimous snout np straight and yawns,
Bounding a loud alarm to the mat of the neru, Willi
notes as ot a monster bassoon."
That rich luxuriance of vegetation which has
rendered all tropical countries bo famous is ex
celled in the sonth of Africa. Nature outdoes
her originating power, and fills with verdure
every grotto, hill, or valley. We will not en
deavor to portray the scenery. Amid countless
variety of colored plants, giant trees, vast vines,
and ever-varied foliage flit ceasolessly innumera
Lie birds. . A delightful chapter is devoted to
these warblers, which would charm the oral
thologist. We only quota Tiis description ot the
honey-guide, one of the most remarkable of
African birds:
"How is it that everv member ef its family has
learned that all men, whito or black, aie loud of
lioney I Tbe instant tko little lellow gets a glimpse
ot a man, he harness to grwot bim witu the hearty
invitation to come .to a bees'-uive anu taan soma
liouuy. lie tl ics on in the proper Direction, perches
en a treo, and looks back to see it you are loliowm?
then on to another and anoiner, until he guides you
to the si ot. it you tlo not ucscpt hi iirst invitation
lie follows you with pressiu? importunities quite as
anxious to lure the stranger to tut bees'-We as
othi r birds are to draw hi in away lroin tlioirown
nests. jLctpt whi e on lb maron, oar men were
euro to accu)t tbe invitation, and uaailested. tao
Buroe by a peculiar riaponsive whistle, meaning, as
lhey fuid, 'All right, go ihead; we are ooinuig '
Tne biid never deceived them, hut always guided
tliem to,a hive of beos, ttiougu soma bad but little
lienev iu btore."
Equally remarkable in its intelligence is the
bird that guards the bnCulo and rhinoceros:
"The grass is often so tall and donso that one
could go c!oe np to these animals quite nnoerceiveti ;
l ut the jrunraiun bird, sitting ou tbe bea-t, boos tue
approach ot dancer, flaps its wings and screams,
winch causes its bulky charge to rush off irom a loe
lie bus neither seen norbeaid; lor his reward tie
vigiiant little watcher has tue pick ot tbe parasites
cl his tut friend."
Alter a varied voyaje up the Zambosi, noting
the incidents of tho trip, watching the beauties
and chansres of nature, tallowing the herd of
ran- auimala, und luvosttgatinj the peculiarities
of the people, our traveller reach Lake Shirtva.
It has acquired a fabulous celebrity, which tbo
Doctor scatters to the wind. It is only u brack
ish body of water, surrounded by mountains,
'without any oiulof, and is sixty miles in length
and iffirty in breadth. It H separated by a nar
row strip of laud from its really noted neighbor,
Lake Nyussa. Ttiis famous lake is two hundred
miles in length and nlty in width. Never before
in Attica had the traveller seen anything like the
dense population on the shores of the Nyaasa.
Towards the aouthern end there was observed an
almost unbroken chain of villages, crowds
assembled to gaze ut the novel spectacle of a
boat under sail, and whenever the party landed
they were immediately surrounded by men,
women, and children, all anxious to see the
"chiioinbo," or wild animals, feed; the arrival
of white men in one of the villages of the
J.vti:a exciting much tho mine kind of interest
as that occasioned by the presence of the hip
popotuinua on the banks of the Thame. Tbe
people were, however, on the. whole inolTonsivo,
only lifting slyly the edges of the tent, as boys
do the curtains et a travelling menagerie at
home, and exclaiming "Chirombo! chirouibo !"
j. e., wild beasts fit te be eaten.
The inhabitants are principally employed in
the manufacture of rough iron tools.
Returning again to the banks of the Shire
river, the party continued their trip. There la
probably no part of the world in which came is
eo abundant as along the Zambesi and the
Shire. Antelopes, elephants, rhinoceroses, wild
pigs, and zebras fairly cover the banks, and
make alive the forest. Elephant hiiutiug is
described as dangerous but exciting sport, be
. cause of tbe size of the gMue. Many English
men, Dr. Livingstone says, "although nrit-rate
shots at home, are notorioas tor the numbar
of their misses on first trying to shoot in
Africa. Everything is on uch a large scale,
and there is Biich a glare of bright sunlight, tUat
Borne time is required to enable them to Judge
of distances. 'Is it wounded V inqulrod a gen
tlemun of bis dark attendant, alter n lng at an
antelope. 'Yes! the ball went riht into bis
heart.' Thfse mortal wounds never proving
fatal, he desired a friend, wao understood tne
language, to explain to the man that he pre
fcired tho truth in every case, 'Ho is my
father,' replied the native, 'and I thought he
would be displeased if I toldhlrn that he never
hits at all."'
After a rather monotonous account of adven
tures, all similar in their character, we come to
the great event of the work tho diwcoyery and
. naming of the Oral Zambesi Fait.. To them
Dr. Livingston gave the title of Victoria Falls.
According to his description they rival Niagara,
As this discovery is the most important, and ihe
phenomenon f natare one which we of America
had heretofore Imagined to be exclusively our
own, we will quote at large from his descrip
tion. Tho London Quartfrly Keview pronounces
thtm "without question the most wonderful
waterfalls ia the world." We do not, however,
jleU the crown whioh, has for centuries act on
Niagara's brow. The native narao is Mosl-oa-tunya,
or "smoke sounding." Its lame had been
far diffused in Africa, for when Dr. Livingstone
was on an excursion in the interior, in 1851, a
chief, who resided two hundred miles from
tho Falls, asked, "Have you any smoke
sonndiugs in your country t" Whan the river is
a flood, the columns of vapor, resplendent
In the morning sun witi double and some
times triple rainbows, are vlsiMo for a distance
of ten miles. They are caused by a sudden com
pression of the water falling into a narrow
wedge like Assure. The Fall must have origi
nated in an earthquake which produced a deep
transverse crack across the river's bed a mass
Of hard basaltic rock and which is prolonged
from the left bank for thirty or forty miles. The
description ot this magnilcent cascade, so
unique in its character, will bo read with inte
rest: "It is rather a hopeless task to endeavor to convey
an iuea of it iu words, since, as was remarked en the
spot, an accomplished painter, even by number of
views, conid but impart a taint impression ot the
glorious scene. The probable mod of its formation
may , perhaps, help to the conception of Its peealiar
shape. Niagara has been formed oy a wearing buck
oi the rock over wbica tie river tails ; and during a
long course of age it bus gradanllv receded, aud
ieit a blond, deep, and prouv straight tronuh ia
front. It goes on wturlng buck ttaily, and may yot
discharge the lakes from wbiob its river the .St.
Lawrenco flows. But the Victoria Kalis have been
farmed by a crack right across the r.ver, in tbe
hard, black basaltic rock which tbero formed the hod
of the Zambesi. The hps ot the crack are still qoite
sharp, save about throe mot or lbs e Igeaver wliiota the
river rolls. The wai's go sbenr down from tho lips
wltsoat anv priroting o air, or symptom of strutirt
cationor dislocation. VY'tieo the nullity rift occurred
no change of level took place in the two parts of the bed
ot the river thBsreutasundor;couseqaeutly incoming
down tbe river to Gam en is and, the wair suddouir
disappears, and we see the opposito side of tue clolf,
with gratis and trees growing where onco tne river
ran, en tho same level as mat part of Its bea ou
which we sail. The hr&t crack is, in length, a few
yards more than tbe broadtli of the Zambesi, which
ov measurement we touud ta bo a 'iitlo over HM
yards, bat this number we rosolvod to retain as
indicating tbe year in whioh tho Fail wa for tbe
first time carefully examined. Tte main atrcam
bore tans nearly north and south, and tue clett
across it is nearly east aad west. Tne deptli ot tns
rift was inessun by lowering a lino, to the end of
which a lew bullets and a loot ot wnite cotton ci tb
were tied; one oi ns lv with his head ovor a pro
jecting crap, and watched the dnsoeiiduiv calico, till,
alter his companions had p.id out U10 loet, the
weight rested on a sloping piojoction, probnblv fifty
feet :n om the water below, tha actual bottom roing
still lurther down. The white clolii now appeared
the size ot a crown piece; on meu.'urin the tt dth
et this olett v sextant, it was iciiad ut Garden
Island, it3 narrowest pari, to bo eighty yards, and at
Its broadest somewhat more Into this ohasm, of
twice the depth of Niagara Fa'ls, tlia river, a mil
mile wide, rolls with a deafening roar; and this is
Alosi-oa-tunya, or tho Victoria Falls.
"Looking from Garden Island, down to the bottom
of the abyss, nearly halt a mile oi water, whioh has
fallen wet that portion of the Falls to our right, or
vst of our point ot view, i toon collected in a
narrow channel twenty er thirty yards wide, and
flowing at exactly right angles to its previous courso,
to our left; while the other ha'i.or that which loll
over the eastern portion of the Falls, is scon in the
left of the nnrrow channel t olow, coining towards
our right. Jioih waters imito mid vry, iu a leariul
boiling whirlpool, and find an outlet by a crack
situated at rijht ang es to tho fissure of tho F'alis.
This outlet is about 1170 yards from tho western end
ol the obasui, and some but) lroni its eastern end; the
nirlpoot is at its coirnieacemeni. xne Ziunnest,
nowupparcntly not moro than twenty ortairty yards
wido, rustics aud stirpes south, tliroagh the narrow
escape channel, tor 130 ard; then oiuors a second
eiiasin somewiiui aei per aim nearly parapet witn
the lirst. Abandoning the bottom of tbo eastorn
half of this second chasm to tho growth of large
trees, it turns sharply and commences a giantio
serpentino course."
Futnre investigation may solve the question
of rivalry between these two great evidences
of nature's freaks; but until alter thorough in
vestigation, und well-compared examination, we
are loth to believe that even the fabulous mys
teries of unknown Africa can surpass the
authenticated wonders of our own land. But
we must hast?n over the wonders which his
tale reveals, and come to the other great fruit
of hia investijations the question of slavery.
We should he glad to avoid any reflection on
the conduct of a power calling it-elf Christian,
end boastinj lor its monarch the title of servant
of Christ: but the testimony given ia of interest,
and truth is more powerful than idle professions.
Dr. Livingstone accuses the Portuguese Gov
ernment of a gross neglect of its duty tn omit
ting to put in force Ihe laws which have been
enacted for the suppression of tho slave-trade in
its Airican possessions, if not of direct com
plicity with its colonial oflitiers in the iniquitous
traffic. It ia carried on, he says, in connection
with the trade in ivory.and from fifteen to twenty
canoes have been socn on the Upper Zambezi
freighted with slaves for the Portuguese settle'
menu. Dr. Livingstone asacris that be was
not only the irst to see slavery in Its origin
in this part of Africa, but to trace it
through all its revolting phuMCS. He had not
only seen tribe arrayed against tribo for the
capture of slaves, but be bal been ' in places
nhere family was arrayed against family, and
every houae was protected by. a stockade
Tribes the highest in intelligence were found
morally the most degraded, the men freely sell
ing their own wives and grown-up daughters.
On the shores of Lake Nyassa the slave mer
chants were at the time of his visit payinr two
yards of calico, worth one shilling, for a boy,
aud leur yards for a good-looking girl. Barha.
rism must be the inevitable condition of a land
where tuch practices esrtdt. Of this revelation
the British Quarterly well says:
"If the statements which Dr.Livingetoao has made
in the face of tke world are incapable, as wa tear
they are, of being denied, a noavy responsibility
ret upon the rortagnen Goveruiaon'. it it should
fail to interpose iu tho most summary manner, call
its ofheers to a sttiot account, and pat au end lor
ever in Luteru Africa to a nysu-m wbiuh u dis
grace to in Portuguese name, l'hesu decayed set
tlements on the remote shores of tho ludiau Ouoau
the nielaacaoly lelics ot a uuniinioa wnicli way ouoe
oxerui-ud lor nobler parpotss tuau the triune in
human flesh and blood eem now to be ke-n ua
only for tbo maintenance of a few military pension
ers, the terrible les.oa w ieU tho last lew years
have taught tke world has not tailed to I in ur ess tke
most iiupa s.ve ot powers, bpain, tha most invete
rate of Lutopean offenders, has t'tkou tbo lot..oq to
heart, and resoived to abandon forever the aboiai
i.able .rafno In man; and lJtrtul is noaraioue
branded with the rtigiua oi this atrocious cr.mo.
We entertain no doakt that the tiovoioninaaat of
legitimate trade with the regions in wtiioli as Afri
can settlements are situated, would prove of fur
greater teneni iu a material sunse than euy that can
posmbly result to it from tiie s.ave traue."
Here, then, we must close our review, neglect
ing for want of Bpac.e to enter into any of the
now lights thrown upon the source ol the Nile.
The work of Dr. Livingstone U one of deep in
terest, and merits the universal attention it is
excitirg throughout Groat Britain. Tho number
of reviews through which it ha9 paused is legion.
We are glafl that its pleasures atv thrown open
to us through tho ind-t'atigablo iudutry of the
Harpers. -We cannot close this brief notice
without quoting, from, tho Westminster Review,
the intention of the Doctor's future actions:
"The di ath ot the Paron van dor Decksn bas been re
cently announced. Nothing dauntm, however, bv tho
comparative f aiinre o bis recent esxay to throw Africa
open to oivilirinr influences, Ur LivmpR'eno it again
devoting hlmse f to the rreat onloet be baa at heart.
Under the aaneili n of Government, co-operailng
with tbe Ueorraphloal Society, and assisted by a
munificent donation from a pi irate mend of
1000, lie proposes to aroend the Roy o ma, or
tome ether liver north ot Cape Ceigado, and
accomplish that task of substituting legitimate
commerce for tiave trafllo on the east cons',
which, as be declares, bas Veen so successfully
executed on the west. He will thus be beyond tbe
confines of tho so-called I'ortiu-uese territory, se
cure from tbe anthorized obstructions aud evil iu
fiuencea which thwarted bun in Ins recent expedi
tion. Another object will be to pass along .the
northern end of tbo Lake Ntassa aud round the
si niliern end of Lake Tanganyika, lor the purpose
of ascertaining the watershed ot tha' part of Africa.
What will be the result ot tbis new enterprise we
mast wait with patienee to knew, but, at the same
time, with the sa islactory conviction, tbat if con
suninisto qualifications can ensure success, it will be
beyead ail doubt successful."
Saint Mabtix'b Sumxeb.
This is the title of a new novel by Miss Annie
II. M. Brewster, the authoress of "Compensa
tion," and published by Me6sr. Ticknor & Fields,
of Boston, in their usual style of elegance. The
work contains the travels of the supposed
authoress and twe of her female frlands from
Switzerland to Naples and their residence in
that city during St. Martin's Summer, which
answers to our Indian Summer in the south of
Europe. The characters are well drawn and
supportod throughout tho book, and the two
love Ftcries, which form the main portion of
all that is not descriptive in the work,
are well told and interest the reader, espeelally
that which has an unhappy ending. The tali
abounds with, accounts of works f art, paint
ings, statuary, and architecture, which convey
much information upon those subjects to tho
reader, and the historical details respecting the
kingdom of Naples in tome of the most interest
ing of its eras, are most instructive. Very lively
accounts are given of visits to the buried cities
of Pompeii and Herculaneum, and of an ascent
to the summit of Mount Vesuvius daring an
eruption from the sides of the mountain. Iu
point of style, the work is all that could be tie
sired, and it cannot fail to meet with acceptance
among a large clas of readers.
T. B. Plilreon's Works. We are glad to be
able to confirm theprophecy made by us, that
the "Fcrtuae-Seektr"' would have one of the
larcet sales and create th'i greatest excitement
of any of Mrs. Southworth's works. Tho demand
for it has been remarkable, and thousands have
been absorbed in its plot, and sympathized and
shuddered with its heroine. It is unnatural, but
teld in very fascinating style.
THE NEW YORK PBESS.
Editorial Opinions of the Leading
Journals Upon the Most Import
ant Topics of the Hour.
COMPILED EVEEY VAT FOU
EVENING TDLEOUAPH.
Financial Projects Foreign and Domestic.
lom th Times.
Some two years ago an eccentric gentleman
of this city published a graud plan lor the pay
ment of our national debt by voluntary sub
scriptiona ot the people. Tha project was sub
eequently taken up and advocated with great
intensity by one of our city contemporaries
Quite a nuniber t people put down their
names for sums varying from one dollar to a
nunc red thousand dollars "put down their
names," we sav lor we never heard of anv of
them pavinj their subjcriplioas into the Na
tional Treasury. Indeed, it we remember arihi,
me paMUPiu oi anyone et tne sums was do
pendent upon the subscription of the whole;
ana una inaae it a pretty saie rning lor any
bodv to subscribe unv situ whatever. After
mnch noUc, and a melancholy failure, tbe whole
thing was dripped; and it is now only re mom
beted as a ridiculous nine days' wonder.
e only recall it now for the purpose of men'
tionicg thut a movement of analogous character
has t,ten started m tne new Kingdom ef Italv
It oes under the title of Conscrsio Kazionale,
ana tbe preposition is to begin by raising lonr
hundred millions ot dollars hv national and
voluntary subscriptions for tbe purpose ot uitt
matelv eettins rid oi the national debt. The
preposition was originally made by the editsr of
a 'lunn newapaner, tne uatetta ael fopolo, who
hud doubtless heard of tbe great American
scheme; and the l'riuce of Cavia;uano has been
induced to accept the Presidency of the Central
Committee. One of the writers tells us that as
a "demonstration it will be magnificent, aud
will astonish Europe aud the aeeeties of 7;t(ta
una." But we observe that already the Tnrinese
accuse tho Tuscans and Florentines with being
backward in the matter; and tbis initial quarrel
is a sutticlent indication oi now tne whole thins
will end. It will assuredly end in Italy as it did
In the united biatcs, in smote.
But the Italians can now learn another and
a more edifying financial lesion from America.
Tne treat difficulty ot the new kingdom is ot a
financial character, as ouva threatened being a
conple ot yeara ago. we nave already got
over the worst ot it. Unr finances are work
tne themselves mie excellent soape, and our
piospects for the lutare are not cause of con
cern. Our debt ia certainly heavy enough: but
yet, within a thori year after the close ot the
creat war whioh produced the debt, we bavo
actually begun the process et diminishing its
volume, and huve proven ttiat we can even
continue this and at the earns time diminish tho
public burdens l'reni taxation. Our financial
ktrcngtb is constantly increasing, and oar credit
abroad is steadily Improving. There is no
thought of a breach of the public honor, and
no fear that any obligation ef the Government
will fail of fulfilment. Every month the Trea
sury exhibits are aaoie chesrfol, and every reve
nue return shows them to be on a broader hash).
In f-bort, while Italian finances have been in the
Brest desperate condition ever since the e-ta-
blishmentot tbekingdoin under Victor Emannel.
American finances have been strengthening ever
ince the cl jse of our war, and bid lair pre
sently to stand on an an equality with those ef
tbe a est lavored nations.!
In attempting, however, to make an applica
tion tj the case of Italy of tbe means by
w hich, and the circumstances ander which, all
this has been eCected, there is considerable ditfi
rnlty encountered at the very outset. The Italian
financier are not destitute of charity, and the
natural rionrces of Italy are unsurpassed by
any country on the earth. The Italian Govern
ment is at once alroiie aud liberal, and the
Italian people ave aeqniring a broad sentiment
of patriotism. But there are a number of very
serious drawbacks to the immedlute prosperity
of italv. such aa we do not sutler from in this
couutry. First, but perhaps not the most im
portant, is the great stand ma- army of three hun
dred tnonaana wen, uicubcji u oh oir
nentlv fastened on the Italian nation.
It ia the sustenance et this heavy army which
is the main burden of the Government, and one
of the ptincipal obstacles in the way ot financial
prosperity, Ve disbanded our army of a million
ot men a aoon as eur war was ended: but Italy
does net ceusiderit possible to diminish her
army, tneiaoea as sne constantly ia y aum,
and in dsne-er of trouble with other of the Catho
lic nowers on accoant of the Pope. Then aaain,
the ecclesiastical system ot Italy seriously and
1 aueiiilly affects ihe interests of thn people and
the Slate. From it there ia no feasible way.of
escape vmlbit', wuilu under it t lie dovei ipuieut
ot the ltul an people ia impossible. From
such au incubns, we in Auieiica are happily
free. Then, ftfraln, the character of the Italian
people as a whole viewed in referenco to the
states oi the South as well as of the North,
to the people of all social classes and grada
tionsla not es energetic, industrious, and
self-dependent as thai ot the American peo
ple. Besides the army and the ecclesias
tical orders, there are great classes of non-producers
end idlers; and these, put all toeether,
make np a large proportion of the population
that do not contribute to the national wealth,
but art u ally enfeeble its power. Irnorance, su
perstition, and Indolence are their fundamental
cbaract eristics, and these are not the growth of
a day, but the f redact of centuries, which seem
now almost to nave become permanently fixed.
We know no way by which this can be quickly
changed. Difficult as it would be to net rid of
the army, or be relieved from ecclesiastical
clojs, it would be easy to achieve suocesa In
botb compared with Ihe achievement of suc
cess In tbe enlargement of the national cner-
firs, and the elevation of national habitudes,
he gr at, bread basis of the financial strength
ana the material prosperity ot the United
States lies not alone or roainiv in the national
resources of the country, hut in tho character
istics of the American people their universal
industry, energy, intelligence, and freedom.
The Report on Domestic Industry.
From tht lYibunt.
The Special Commlrslon for examining the
sources of national revenue ani the means of
collecting the same, has just issued another of
its valuable Supplementary Retorts, showing
the relations of foreign trade to our industrial
interesta.
Ik points out foroibly that the harden of our
internal taxation is oppressive to the producing
interests of the country; and that we are suffer
ing from excessive importations of foreign goods,
the prodnot of cheap capital and ill-paid labor.
If we would encourage national progress and In
dependence without debasing oar laborers, we
must protect themacalast unscinpulous foreign
competition. VTe must check this exchange of
promises te pay lor gooes we do not need, or
ought to make for ourselves. The necessary
burdens entailed by tho wp.r are heavy enougn
withont adding to them by the slf-sp.nie means
that ciipplcs onr industry. In a word, it is time
we should stop enriching foreigners who make
as tneir creditors, nut rattier develop our oa
resources, and give competent support to our
toiltnc millions.
It er havintr rone over the whole field of tax
ation, both bone and foreigu, the Committee,
recommends that the load should be largely'
taken from our own staple products and laid
upon demoruli.ing.ruinous foreign Importations.
'inat is tne most Dcneucent. as it is also the
meat trustwoitby source ot revenue.
It is more easily and cheaply collected. Oo-
viously, any system of taxation, whether of
customs or excise, ought to be fairly and rigidly
eniorced. A vital objection to our present
system i3 the difiloulty of collecting all that is
Imposed. It operates as a premium upon fraud.
pel jury, and dishonesty, debauches tbe public
conscience, and doubles the taxes- ot honest
men. Taxation, like punishment, shonn de
pend as much upon IU certainty as its severity
tor euiciency. itceent developments in tne
Internal Revenue Burean lead us to believe that
not a third ot the tuxes impoaed are collected.
The outcry against the tarilf also would be more
excusable it the duties were paid. The rates,
nave to be put up in order to collect tne thirty
per cent, which it is estimated evades duty.
'ihe committee recommends a change from
ad valorem to fipecifio duties, and we think lavs
too much stress upon its value. Notoriously,
great frauds are pructlsed in our Custom
Houses by means of false invoices. The ap
praisement system is found to work badly.
This reports cites instances of wine, which were
invoiced at nicy per cent, less than tno market
price of the same goods at; the- port ot ship
ment. But the bulk of our importations con
sists of fine' f abrics and articles which cannot be
well appral.-ed even by experti. The ditiiculty
seems to be rather the enforcement of any pystom
than a choiee of methods. Chancre tho duties
irom ad valorem te specitlc, that is to say from
cost to quantity, and the dishonest importer
simply fixes the other margin of his invoice.
instead ot diminished prices be puts diminished
quantities. Tbe same difficulty experienced - in
the Apptaifcer's Department woul 1 be felt in the
Examiners .Department, fiesnieg, tne law as
now interpreted works In favor ot the creat
monopolists who buy their fabrics at the manu
factories in interior Kttrope, while the smaller
dealers pay duty on the added freights, costs,
etc., to the prtat markets.
In tbe interest of iustice and truth, as well as
the national economy, a committee might be
appointed, similar to ta.it now stirring up the
vicoroue enforcement ot the lnterua' Kevenue
law, to examine into the workina and usa-o of
tbo custom houses, that of Mew York in par
ticular. Cousress and tha Excluded States What
'Iheir Kepresentalives Ought to Do.
JVoin ths Herat. i
There is no telling when the Representatives
and Senators elected to Congress from the late
ttebel Btates will lie admitted, lucre is but a
shadowy prospect during the present session,
even lor the nnquestionably loyal members from
Tennessee, a hUate which was reconstructed
under the appointments and supervision of Pre
sident Lincoln. As for the other States of tbe
late Rebel Confederacy, their chances of restora
tion this side of the next Presidential contest are
exceedingly doubtful from present appearances,
Meantime the Reconstruction Committee of Mr.
Thaddeus (Stevens and Benator Fcssenden havo
it all their own way. They produce their wit
nesses to prove tne daneerous disloyalty ptevaif
In? in all the excluded States, aud the testimony
thus collected is pubiinbed and sown broadcast
over all the couutry; and all this time tho
Southern Senators and Representatives elect
(most interested) are denied a hearing on the
noor ei eiinernouse.
is there no way whereby these sen may present
their claims and the claims of their respective
States before Congress and the country 1 Yea;
mere is tne sianpie ana popniur meuitm ot a
convention, through, which tbev may be heard.
Let all the Senators and Representatives eleoted
to Congress from the lately rebellious Sutes,
then, meet together in Washington, or some
other convenient place, in tbe lorm of a conven
tion, terthe consideration of their preaent posi
tion, and tbe course best adapted to secure tho
rt counition ol the claims of their several States
to an early readuussion lute Congress. Insnch
a convention the discussion of what the States
interested have done, what they are doing, aud
what tbev expeet to oo, as loyal Members ot tbe
Union, uiidrr the new order of things, would
contribute, no doubt, avast amount of useful
infermation to Congress aad tbe people of the
Northern States. Finally, in the shaping of a
niknaorial to Congress, submitting their claims
and asking what additional safeguard and
ecorities ler the Union and the freedmen will
be deemed sufficient lo reopen the doors of Con
rrps to tbe South, the convention may brtn:
the Reconstruction Committee at least te a clear
understand mi'
Such n understanding woald bo a rreat point
gained'; lor we arc all In doubt as to what condi
tions precedent will satisfy tha present Congress
of the ntneas ot the excluded States U a restora
tion to both houses. Nor can the people of those
States act Intelligently or with any assurance of
success, in reference to Conn ess, without know
ing the conditions they will be required to meet.
In this view, therefore, if in no other, the con
vention indicated would be a good movement.
Indeed, we think that some such proceeding nas
become necessary to secure the defendants in
the premises a fair and full opportunity to lay
their clalwa before Congreas and the country,
and. to tecQre, if possible, a ytatement of tbe con
dit ons essential to a rea-lmtsniou ot the late
Rebel States into the national councils. We
hope that the Representatives aud Senators elect
from those States will act upon this suggestion.
We know ol nothing better that they can now
undertake in behalf of themselves or their con
stituents. We know of ne Other movement bet
ter calculated than this to eflect a speedy under
standing between Congress and the outn.
How Would the Negroes Vote f
Trtm. tht Wtrld.
The radicals, who were enraptured two or
throe days ao at the sudden conversion of
Senator Stewart, of Nevada, to negro suffragei
begin to fear they have "caught a Tartar" since
they learn that the resolution offered by M
Stewart was drawn by his father-in-law, Hecry
r. rooie, os -member ot the delunct conteaerate
Congress. Bet they need tool no alarm, ai the
sudden admiwlon of all-the Southern negroes tl
the elective franchise is opposed by a mass ot
arsunarnts and a mass of prejudice sulfide nt to
prevrfit it apart, and insurmountable toother.
Still, Mr. St o wan's proposition is tbe fairest yet
pref cnted from the negro suffrage side. It offers
to the South tbat if it will accept universal suf
frage, it shall have, in exchange, universal am
nesty and complete exen ption from atl penal
consequences and political disabilities growing
out of the Rebellion. .
If the radicals believe this proposition hai
no chance of success, they will advocate it as a
means ot covering tbe odium of naked negro
suCraee. tat if tbe South were to shew any
symptems Ct accepting it, the radicals would
oppose it. The question would then be, "How
will the negroes vote?" So long as they re
trained the lpnorant set of creatures they now
are, they would vote under control of some
kind; and it would be strange if tbe whites
among wliom they live, by whom they are em
ployed, to whom they owe debt1, whose judg
ment tbey are accustomed to respect, did not
exert a greater ascendancy ever them than the
whites of distant States, who, even if they
understood the negro mind, have no easy means
ot communication with it. The Southern noll-
ticiaua have great skill ia the tactics of popular
elections. What could a few stump speakers
from the Koith accomplish airainst the millions
of Southerners who are on the ground irom
year's end to year's end, constantly moulding the
uearo nunc- to tneir pui Doses i
as tne ncsroei oet omo emitrbtenca tney wilt
see that their interests are identified with thoso
ef their Bcction; that they cannot thrive by
measures that oppress and impoverish tho
South. If the agricultural interest of the South
is depressed by exorbitant tar'ls, such of the
n sprees as are mere laborers will suffer in their
waees; such of them as rise to bo proprietors, in
tho prices ot thqtr products; aud all alike In the
hjptfeost of manufactured coods. There is no
Ukclinoood tbat sueh a people would vo:e with
mew t-neianu against their own mterentg. as
thev exnect to Iitp slcsm in t hn South, tber
wui naturally have tbe pride, the prejudice, the
sympathies, tne antipathies ot their section: and
when some of them be in to rise in the social
scale, they will be saore likely to court the class
above than tbe class below them.
hy not, then, accept necro suffrage as the
speediest solution of the reconstruction problem I
Because, ia the lirst place, as President Johnson
nas so oiten asserted, tne subiect belongs exclu
sively to t ne Stages, and until the Constitution is
altered, the Federal Government has no Juris
diction over it. ben proposed as a Constitu
tional amendment, the eiev n state in cuestion
have complete power to defeat it; and the ab
surdity ot inakin? voters of isnorant million
who have not acquired the independent spirit of
freemen, will prevent tner ratitymz sncn aa
amendment. Another reason for not acceding
to this proposition is, tnat toe radicals will never
offer it in cood faith. So far as they adopt the
proposition to couple universal amnesty with
universal eunrage, it is a lure to occoy unsus
pecting peopla into Incautious committals in
favor of negro votlHg. They will then turn
around and say, it it is sale with amnesty it can
not be obiecttonablo without it.
If the i reedmcn's Bureau bill had been pasted
over the veto, tho radicals, hy carrying the next
presidential election, would have had an exten
sive agency for controlling the nKro veto. By
keeptne; oat the South ti ' I alter tbe election,
and manipulating the negroes afterwards, they
hoped to protract tneir ascendancy in the poli
tics of the country. But. since the veto, negro
suOraee in the boutn would not benefit them;
and ii they offer to compromise en it and ain-
ncktv. it wi 1 be only because thev are oonfidatit
it will not be accepted before the Presidential
election: to carry which bv excluding The South
is their last hope for extending a short lease of
power.
The Jfew Orleans Mayoralty.
From tha ITorld.
Another electioneering trick of the Republi
cans has exploded to damage its inventors.
The cuo of the Republicans, during the Con
necticut canvass, Is to pretend that there is no
substantial difference between the President
and Congress. Whenever they can lay hold of
any act of the President's not in direct contra
vention of their policy, they parade it; and as
there is little ot this soit to find, they de not
scruple te invent. Last week teietrrauts were
sent to all tbe newspapers statins that the Presi
dent had forbidden Mr. Monroe, tbe Mayor elect
of New Orleans, to enter on the duties of his
cilice. But the actual communications sent by
the Picsideut to New Orleans addle this olec-
tioneei ins e;s before It has bad time to natch.
Mr. Johnson was ant addressed by Mr. Kennedy.
the Mitgolng Mayor, to ask it Le should deliver
over the ktiice and its records to the Mayor
elect.
The President replied that he had no informa
tion either showing tbat the election was un
fairly conducted or that tbe new Mayor could
not ouaiify, and that, in the absence of cuch in
formation, the fair presumption was that all la
regular. Subsequently, Mr. Monroe, loumiug
that an effort was makine to prevent bis Inau
guration, addressed the President to ask whether
he thould enter on the duties ot bis office,
affirming, at the same time, his loyalty and
ability to take the oath. The President fapliod
bv irausruittinsr a copy of his message to Ur.
Kennedy; which is equivalent to raying thut he
did not propose to intfriere.
'ihe trick of sending false telegrams all over
tho country misrepresenting tne position of tho
President will recoil upon its anthers. It
brinss into clenrer prominence the tact that
it is only bv fiction and misrepresentation that
the Itadicais can make out even any seeming
agreement between the President and tneia-
selves.
Rick Men ot the Day.
The new residence of Jay Cooke, the banker,
Is situated on Chelton Hill, eight miles lroai
U..ilfJ.,lr.hlu DM,1 la l.mlt I. tlin l..pli ol.lu
with steep slate, roofs aud aaasiive plastered
chimneys. It i now quite inibhed, exteriorly.
and w ill contain fifty bed chambers, a chapel, a
gymnaium, a library, and all the accessories to
the l altitial home of a Christian banker. Iti
dimensions probably exceed those of aay private
residence on tbe continent. It is pierced with
about eighty creat windows, and ha within it -a
spacious court- ard. There is a porch in front
oi feunsyivania rramie, capped witn a aaieia
and monogram, and tbe rear, which luces the
celebrated rural drive called the "Serpentine,"
is two-laced, terminating in a rrand balcony.
and in a bav-window, the latter of itself lare
as a dwelling hease. The grounds, which
make the crit and slopes of a tall hill, are
already ret out witn evergreens and silvery ioli-
agea, and an elderly and manorial wood stretches
to the frcnt, up the sides or a steep preripioe,
at the foot of which runs a pastoral stream.
debouchine into hsh ponds, and dropping into
waterfalls. The house is a marvel to the
Otiaker Tisorln around it. and as aa architec
tural enteioiise. tor America, rivala Coloaue
Calhedial. It' is said that half a million
dollars will be expended in it. Mr. Cooke,
whose orhrlu was e,nite humble, has always
been noted for hia humane and republican
virtue-. He owns a church near his heune, on
the Old Yerk ltoad, and his present ambition
is to have a national day of faitlnfr and gttt
otlorines set apart, whereon all the rich people
of the couutry shall subscribe to a tronaouduus
chai liable fund. An Kplscopal Theological
Seminary, it is said, will soon be established on
Chelton Hilh, arid to it be will five 'twenty
acres of cionud, aud tilty thousand dollars.
New Torh C;timn.
FINANCIAL.
JAY OOOKB & 0 0.,
Bo. 114 S. THIRD STREET,
BANKERS,
AND
DEALERS IN GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
IT. S. 6e or 1881,
6 20s, OLD AND NEW,
HMOsi CERTIFICATES OF tNpKBTEDNKS8,
7 0 Ii OTE8, 1st, 2d, ana 3d Series.
COMPOUND IKTEHES1 NOTES WANTED.
LNIEBKST ALLOWED OS DEPOSITS.
Collections
made Blocks Bought and Bold oa
Commission.
Special business
accommodations reserved fer
LADllkS.
pHiLatirniA, February, 1866.
17 8m
XJ, S. SECUMTFES'
A SPECIALTY.
SMITH, RANDOLPH & CO.,
BANKEHS & BROKERS,
16 S. THIRD ST.
3 NASSAU ST.
l'HILADBLTHIA.
MEW TOUK.
STOCKS AND GOLD
DOUG TIT AND SOLD ON COMMISSION.
IKXtEEST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS. 3 1
J)A.V11CH IlltOTHERS,
No. 225 DOCK STREET,
BANKERS AND BROKERS,
BOX AKD SELL
tMITEB STATES BONDS, 1881s, S-s, 10 40a.
miTED STATES T S-10s. ALL 188CK3.
CTllTiriCATXS OF INDEBTEDNESS
Uercsntlle Paper and Loans ou Co laterals negotiated.
Stocks BunpM and 3eU on Commission. 131'
HARPER, DURNEY & CO.,
BANKERS,
STOCK AND EXCHANGE BBOKEHS,
Ko. 5 J 8. THIRD STREET, PIlIIAMLrniA.
Stocks and Loans lion flit and sold on Commission.
Cncuncnt Bank Notes, Coin, btc., bongbt and sold.
opcoial attention paid to tho pnrcbaoe and sale of
Oil Stocks. Deposits received, and interest allowed
as per agreement. 85 8m
rjllE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
HAS REMOVED
Earing the erection of tho new Bank biilldinjr,
to 1 17 4p
No. aoft CHESNUT STREET.
5 2()S. ---FIVE-TWENTIES.
7'SOS SEVEN-THIRTIES,
WANTED.
DE HAVEN & BROTHER,
S-T No. 0 8. TH1KD STK&ET.
TEAS, &o.
f 1 'EAS B INDUCED TO 81, AT INGRAM'S
a Tra warehouse. No. 3 8. SECOND Street.
TOASTED COKFliR REDUCED TO -3(1 CT3.
it at Ji,GBAll'S lea Warthoase. No. 43S. bECOND
btrcct.
A((X BEST MILD COFFEE, AT IX(iRAM'3
Hyj let Warchoane, e 43 8. ShCOJi D Street.
T EAS Afc'D COFFEES AT WHOLESALE
A prices. Ht lr,KAM'd Tea Warehouse. No. 41 a.
SlX'uMi Street Try them.
"IRE EN
COFFEES FROM
22 TO 29 CT3. A
rounil. at In'CKA Ai
rounil. at IMJKAM'S lea Warehouse, o. 43 H.
rf.COJ.Jj Street. Irythem.
SHIRTS, FURNISHING GOODS, &o
J.
V. SCOTT & C 0.
SHIRT HANTTFACTUREHS,
1KB DBALEUS IN
MEN'S FUKNlKUINa GOODS,
H. 811 Chesnut Street,
retJB eos bblow ?hh "CONTINENTAL,"
82rp PHILADELPHIA.
pATENT SHOULDER-SEAM
Klilirr MAJNUFAUTOllY
AND GENTLEJIN'S FURNISHING STORE.
PKKKCT F1TT1XU 80IBTS AND DRAWEES
muds from measurement t Very short notice.
,-. II ether artielee of UiilnlLJtJiJtA 'B UKi.HU Q00D9
ia tail variety,
W1NCHERTER ft CO.,
tUi TUB CHKBjNUX bTKlUCT
STOVES RANGES, &o.
QULTER'S NEW PATENT
DEEP SAND-JOINT
II 0 T A I R FURNACE."
RANGES OF ALL. SIZES.
ALSO, PHIEGAB'S MSW LOW PRESSURE
8TLAAI DEAlLStl APPARATUS.
VOU BALE BY
CIIARLE3 WILLIAMS'.
Ko. 112 MAliKEl STIUKT.
645
RANDALL
PEE I'D METIS
& C O.,
AND IMPORTERS,
No. 1302 CHESNUT Street.
Fine English Toilet Soaps,
IS CHEAT VARIETY, JU8T RECEIVED.
'
Also, Triple Ft snch Extracts an Fertumea.
ty a have conaj intly oa band every variety of
1 rEBFCMEKT AND TOTLET KEQUISIfES.
Fxtraota, Powders. Cologne, Pomades, Toilet
Waters, Bhaving Cieains, Cosmetiques, Tooth Tastes,
Uraslies, oto. 1 1 3m
rpilM HTAMP AflENCY, NO. R04 CHF.SWUT
J BTKKET, A HOVfc.TUIKD, WILL UK CONTINUED
AH Ht-KI 10KOHB . . ..
STAVrBof VKBT DKKCKIPTION CONSTANTLY
OM IlAhD AMD lti ASY AalOUftT. Uli