THE DAlLl EVENING TELEGRAM". PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, MARCH 15, 18GG.
THE NEW TOBK THESS.
Editorial Opinions of the Leading
l Journals Upon the Most Import
ant Topios of the Hour.
COMPILED IVtBT DAY FOR XTENIltO TBlKOaAFU
Intcinatlonol lelc;rapbf
From the 1 imet.
A mcnsure wblcb involve questions of frrave
national Importance is now under consideration
bj Iho United Statei Senate, in the bill reported
tj Senator Morpai, to fncourape tclograplito
communication between the United State and
tho Inland of Cufea, aod othor West India Islands
and the Bahamas. I'trmi lesion it asked of Con
Stress to allow certain citizens of the United
States the exclusive privilege for a limited num
ber of ytars to lay a tolcgriai hlo cable over or
upon a specified part of the coast of the UniUd
States, with a vie to connection with the Weat
Iadia Islands. From the debates In the Senate
n this question on the 20th ultimo, we find that
this privilege is atked to protect American in
terests Mlilch are now jeopardized by an exclu
sive grant given by the Government of Spain to
certain Spanish subject to open telegraphic
communication, between the United States and
Cuba.
tVe aho learn that a French company, with
exclusive privileges for one hundred years, has
been heavily subsidized by Napoleon III, and
that the privilege for this company to land on
our t hoies bus been the subject of diplomatic
correspondence. It is to lusuro tho protection
of American interests against foreign monopo
lies ot this nature that the Senate Committee
on Commerce has acUd in reporting; this bill.
If we concedo that the effect ot such an enter
prise would be desirable, Is it within toe power
oi Congress to make such a gram? Is it such
an element entering into, the commercial busi
ness of the people of the United States in their
relations with ttie rest of the world, that it is
legitimately a subieet ot regulation under the
eighth section of Ilia Constitution ?
YVc think that both thsse questions might be
answered in the aflirmatlve. Telegraphing is of
nucli comparatively recent discovery that any
reasoning upon its relations to the Oovernmcnt
must be by analogy . rather than from prece
dent. The law ceds territorial ownership of
the land on the coast between high and low
water marks to the 6everal Statei, and vesta the
dominion in the United States to a distance from
the shore ot a maritime league, or tho range of
a caunon-fchot. 'l'fce United States, then, have
clearly the right to say a ri?ht which has never
been disputed ttifit no foreign nation shall esta
blish abattury witaiu the water3 of suca mari
time league. This eeiug the case, has
not the General Government the right, to
forbid the laying of a telegraphic cable
upou the Juiuium within this limit?
In view of ' the fact, that a telegraphic
cable might be made as dangerous to the saiety
of the nulion as the erection of a battery, we
think the power is equally unquestionable.
L'piii the right and duty of sell-tielense the
whole principle ot the exclusiveness of tho ma
ritime league rests. Under the power incident
to this dominion the general Government can
also declare that the Wzr or Nnvy Departments
inrght exelueivclyllay and use these cable over
this particular territory f or the salcty or conve
nience ot its military posts or navy yards a
power which might bo delegated to certain of
its own citizens primaiily, ir Us own conve
nience, mid secondarily, lor that of the general
public, so tar as its capacity extended beyond
f their own needs, thus exclud ng foreign nations
lroiu occupying the coast liue by a an aeency so
potential lor good cr evil at a telegraphic cable.
This point does not touch tlie question of the
power ot Congrefs tinder the eipiith section of
the Constitution to regulate commerce with
toreign nations. There may be some difficulty
here, but less, perhaps, than apptars at tho first
view ol the subject.
It will be admitted that the telegraph la now
fully incorporated into and has become a part of
the modern commercial system of the world:
but it has use other than commercial, and
features unlike any other elomcnt entering into
the constitution ot that romiiretiensive word,
commerce ur elemeut making it quite neces
sary that th? Government thoHld exercise some
control over it. Swift as thought, voiceless
"while speaking, in an instant a cypher message
may "pass lrom one continent; to auothcr which
might gravely ufiect the interest, of a whole
people. The grantees having first procured the
riparian rights, as tvell as the State grants tho
consent ot the general Government to lay the
cable within the limits of tho mar.tiiae league
bevuiid is esbential. 11 would seem that the
jno t roii&tiiutioual government in tho world
should assume la sose way to regulate sucn an
ngeucy as th:s at leatt to' boa tntn it is iu the
liui.cib of its own citizen-.
Fetro!cuni a Uus'ncsy, and not a Specula
tion. From tlf Tribune.
The Report of the United States Kevcnuo Corn
mission on "Petroleum as a Source of National
Eevenuc," recently submittei to Congress by the
Secretary of t:ie Treasury, tojethcr with the
novel and long-matured project of tho Hon. C.
V. Culver, now representing the Oil District in
Congress, for buildiiig the metropolis of the pe
troleum region, has exei'cd a new and healthy
interest in the wonderful utis ness ot petroleum.
The titty closely printed pages of the Cotumia
Eioiitr's Report, heavy with computations, and
chi mistiy and science Lavu an interest of their
own. Wo n-e how the wilderness of an Almost
unknown d.btrict ol Pennsylvania has become
the centre of oneot the hrst staples of commerce
and rcauulacturr.
ULe cubtcms tables tell us thet American sea
men now carry petroleum to a hundred ports
to absorbing Antwerp, which took 4,149,K!21 gal
lons in IMi-l; to China and the Indies, that were
content with 34, 3118; or the new world in the
Pacific Bens, wbiuh received in lbG5 nearly
I,(joit,u(!U gallous. Where ten years ago were
scriigiry lands, bordering narrow streams, re
luctant to yield a harvest, has gushed fortn a
Btrei.m of wealth more abundaut than anv
that ever came lrom tho golden Rocky Mountain;-,
aDd giving every proi-pect of as great per
muiH'uce. Tle petroleum business has been a subject to
the fluctuations of every business that is based
upon sudden and unaccountable developments
ot wealth, lien became crazy with the fever of
sudden eain, and for five years, yearuin r, hun
gry madmen have been leading a tarantula
dunce among, the mountains and ravines 'of
Venango. Shrewd monev-changers traded on
this panic, and to largely piotitod by it in or-
fauizing "companies" upon tne system which
lr. Pickens made memorable in his history of
Mr. Sloutagu Tieir, that a feeling of repugnance
arofe in the mind of toe people agaiust petro
leum, and men ruefully recalled the history of
the bouth Sea Hubble, or Law's Mississippi
. ncbcuie?, or England's recent railway freuzy, as
they thought ot their real 'money sunk in
Imaginary wells. Every Venango adventurer
vi.o tailed to sink his thousand-barrel welt re
turned borne In despair. Those w ho remained
vere burdened by a Government tax which
injured the free development of the Petroleum
trade. The etlect of this tax upon a new and
croing iudufctry is shown by tho Government
Commission.
khould the change In the tax suggested hy the
. ' Revenue Communion be made, the reaction now
taking place iu the petroleum devolopmeut ot
Venango w ill make it a business aid not a specu
lation. Whether Mr. Culver will succeed with
bl Krno 'experiment or uot, he certainly de
serves the credit of having i&hdo agrand attempt,
lie has .attracted around Urn in his present en
terprise men of reputation as financiers aud
meichants. Under proper aud systematic
management there is no reason why petroleum
should not be umdo as successful a business as
the minin? ol'bilver, coal, irou, or gold. It has
HUllcrcd. heretofore, troin irrobuoiiHihla com.
names., which had only the etluet of destrovlna
confidence in one oi tlio mot iuiportaut AniurG
Can interest. . .
The I'cnlnn Ap'totlon and th Policy of
the Uritifch GoTcinmcnt.
Frcm the IhralA.
' While the Fenian agitation tiyes the Itritish
Government some trouble and puis it t some
expense, tLe astute and far-wjelog men who uro
at the helm of oft airs will manage to turn the
evert to their own purposes. Tbfy have no fear
of the Fenians dismembering the llrUisu empire
or even of revolutionizing Canada, if that should
be the purpose. They know their own stiength
too well. A prcat deal of the tuns and Boise
about the Fenians is made, undoubtedly, by tho
Government itself an by the aristocracy, to
divert attention lrom other questions and to
enable them io Beceinp'ish other objects. This
is a crmmon paine which tie statesmen and
politicians of Europe plav, and none nioro
adroitly and Buccessluliv than thofo of England.
The "questien of electoral or rarlimnentary
relorm has been asitated some time in KaJanJ.
Tie mass of the paeplo wet ncer satisfied wilh
the Itetorm bill of lb.'!2, as ihey had reason not
to bo, lor thev were excluded lrom it benefits.
After a Rreatd'al of agitation and preat promises
at that period the reiorn movement ended iu a
limited exeusion of tne Mifi'ragc. Tho aristo
cracy were compelled to make koine concession
to popular demands, bat they yioldcd as littlo
as possible, and were smart enough to control
the movement. The Prime Niidster ot England
to-uav, tarl Russell, was ono of the prominent
leaders of reform, but when the measure was
paused lie declared that it was final that the
elective franchise eoulJ bo extended no further.
1 or diis he was dubbed by the disappointed re
lormeis "Piaality UuRselU"
lur.ng the thirty-lour years s-nce the Reform
bill passed, the question of further relorm that
is, to eive household snflrage or something
approach! that to the pootiie has been 'kopt
before the public mind. The new reiormers
have been gaining strength every year, until
Dually the matter was pressod upon tho Govern
ment' to tar as to obtain a recognition oi tha
necessity el reiorm. Of c urse a Government of
which Ksrl Kussell Is the head would only give
the smallest modicum ot thai popular article to
the country. Still, the prospec'. was that some
thing must be conceded, and when the present
Parliament assembled expectation of reform to
hish. Kothmg but great outside pressure could
induce the Eubsells, tho Derby, tho aristocracy
and privileged classes to grant this, and they
were quite ready to seize bold of any pretext to
ignore or postpone it.
They will consequently nse the Fenian agita
tion to divert publ.c attention iro n retorm.
Not being atraid of anytliinir very serious com
ii'sr out of it, they caii atioid a little expense
and trouble if they can realize the obleett'iey
always have at heart. To hold in check t lie tea
dency to democracy, to limit the suifrago as
much as possible, and to allay lite popuinr
clamor for retorui without grunting it, is of iar
more importance iu the view of tho F.nelisli
aristocracy than the uuno,auce or U-ouble ot'
1'enianisni. This ag'tatiou', tuerelore, will eie
them a capital pretext lor postponing reiorm.
and they will nurse it as lon as it serves that
purpose.
Another object it w'll serve is iliat of afford
ing an opportunity of settliiir tie rtiiiieulty of
the Alabama claims and oth"T inattt-r.) ,'iiu tu'ta
country. L'eder the scare of feninni.-in the
miuisify will be able to lowi-r its toiio, and
make an actjtistmert which it could not do so
well otherwise. If there wcie no dom-stic or
other serious troubles to cna;;c tlu public iniu.l
the people would not uo so lemly to t-uorilico
their national pride un 1 U do justice to the
United States. .But when the Covernmeot can
make them believe it h:u its hauda lull of di:ti-
culties they will be more humble and con
siderate In this point of view we think the
Fenian excitement awards 'a gooii opportui.it.y
to settle p all outstanding matters wit.i the
United Siates: and if we may bidet from the
tone of the Priliih pre's and i'arliumont. the
fame impression is gaiuing ground ja Kuttland.
Just low the Un ted States la a very great
country, its Government very magnanimous,
and we are a very amiable people, in the esti
mation I Knrlaud.
Bat there is still another important, purpose
which the Fniau agitation is expecuid to serve.
The liritish Government hits been coaxing and
pushing the colonies of NoitU America to form
a confederation. The colonies have been averse
to this, believing their existence as separate
governments more conducive to thfir independ
ence and welfare. There appeared to be little
prospect ol this royal consolidation scheme
being carried out a ihort time azo. It is sup
pced the ulteilor object u to plaes all iheso
colonies .under a vice royal government to
create, in fact, a quasi monarchy, or, may be, a
monarchy on our border. This, it i3 believed,
would strengthen Knglaud's hold on America,
make a government strong enough tosutaiu
itself without much cost to the mother country,
and be a check to tho gronlh of republican in
stitutions. The scheme originated at the same time with
trie French invasion oi Mexico ami the Spaa s'i
assault on the other republics o( thn continent,
and looks very much like a secret Europeiu.
combination against this great republ.c. Tho
conlederation protect did not seem to take, a-
we observed, and there were signs of abandon
ing it; but the Fenian fright, or pretended fright,
has given new life to it. The Government eagerly
seizes bold of this to push the project, aiguimr
that sell-defense against tho Fenians demand
sucn unity among; the colonies. Tims, we see,
thut while the Priish Goverumeut hits no tear
ot an Irish republic or succcsstul revolution in
Canada, it in using the I"nian ai'itat'on tor
oiher ends. But it is a dangerous experiment
it is playing with fire. The Fenian movement,
if tumjeicd with tor political puipos?s. may go
luriher than expected, and it may ignite revolu
tionary tires in Knglaud itsMt aud throughout
tho continent of Europe. We may ba thankful,
however, it it be the means of stimulating a
prompt tctticnient of England's dilllculiy with
ourselves.
Satan and Sauch l'nnza Combined Iu
Congress.
From ttit Herald, ,
The absurd speech of Mr. Toad. Stevens ia
Congress last Saturday reads like a chapter
from the famous novel or Cervunte's. Mr.
Stevens is the Sancho Panza of tho rndieal fac
tion, as Senator Sumnr is its Don Quirjte.
Although these two representatives travel tho
ksme road in company, their characters aud
their peculiarities are essontlally di.fereut.
Sumner is the kuirht; Stuveiu i3 the esquire.
Sumner looks upoa the negro raoe as a colored
Dulcinea to be relieved, while Stevens trudges
along with an eyo to lun aud frolic,- and a
mouth ever open for the loaves aud fishes. Sura-
ner ii rather . moody and melancholy; muoh
study ol old books bus made him mad: he
renders himselt ridiculous by aaemininar to
carry out impracticable theories in tuisprac.icsl,
workaday age. .
Stevens has studied notbiug but men, and
only lallb iu with his master's chivalrio notions
when tbey promise to lead to uood tare and tac
oliices. Sumner Is ambitious ot becoming tho
champion of the most ultra interpretations of
the great principles of liberty, fraternity, and
eciuality. Steveus sighs ouly tor crrature com
forts and remunerative pa ronane, and caran
more tor tho next election thau tor any abitract
principle ever enunciated. ' The ouo is a luuatio
philosopher, and we pity him while we lau ;h at
him. , The other ts a shrewd, unserutmlotis poli
tiLmiij lull ol bioad humor and loud of rough
jokes, and we are equally reiJ.v to lour at iiiru
whether he is drubbing somebody or buing
soundly thrashed.
The Congressional Don Quixote and Snncln
Punza might log alona toiilier in appropriate
rompaniouehip, causins mirth in all observer
and happening upon all sorts ot ludicrous ad
veutures, without the slightest objection from
any quaiter, it it were not for the latit that
Stevens, unliko his great original, hai a spioe
ol Sutim in bisjcouipnBition, Don Quixote Stun
ner is safe enough In the Sruato, Dixon, Doo
little, Cowan, and a score of other sensible men
are tneie wan h'ng him, and they will prevent
im lrom doing any harm to the country by Uls
fantastic performarees. Tlien, lftlie worst comes
to Xhe worst, l'rrsideut Johnson can interfere
nd unhorso thin theoretical knight, this incar
nated snacbronism, with a veto message that
sends him sprawling In the mud even while he
is lioiitir (he battle-cry ot negro equality.
Put Ssncho Panza Stevens, witn a majority of
tie House of Representatives obedient to all
his whims, is not altogether laughable. There
is a streak of deviltry In some of his prenei tlines
w hirli n rrils a decided rebuke. His speech last
fntnrday, tor example, Is capital as a mcro piece
ol lnimir; but wh-n we consider that through
the subservient eood nature ot Congress ho was
allowed to put upon otlicial record the vilest
Copperhead blander against tho President, and
when we also remember that all his arrant t'alse
ht ode, humorous as they were wheu delivered
in tl.e House, are calculated and designed to de
ceive the Pennsylvania Dutch voters when transJ
latcd into Gcimun aud circulated as a campaign
document, we at once pee the forked tail of
Sutnn emerging from the rear of Sancho Pauza's
ooublct. or are the murks of the Satanic pre
fpce less evident n the new scheme for suoj'i
train C the Southern States recently adopted by
Stevens and his friends.
Tl e theory of Pen Quixote Sumner in regard
to dead (States and territorial Governments
feems to bo abandoned by Sancho Panza as flat,
dale, and unprofitable; and it is now proposed
to bold negro conventions at the South, elect
rrt'io delegates to Conrress, and admit them in
defiance el the President and ot public seat!
ntriit. Tho Idea ot negro representatives, first
i atirically broached in the-e column, is quite
stricusly adopted by the Radicals. They are
determined to a ;t as the French Convention did
in relation to St. Domingo, and their course
can produce only similar results. Oi c jurse tho
whiles of the South will not subnet to be thus
ousted fruin their rights: a negro insurrection
will ensue, aud the President will have to inter
fere to prevent a general maspocre.
Th.s latest scheme ot our Saucho Tanza is,
thertioie, by i.n means tunny, and is not iu
keeping with the character which be otherwise
assumes very well. ! Fortunately, however, tho
South is still t nder n initial law, and any move
merits towards negro conven'ions may be
promptly suppressed. The President proved by
Lis speech on tho 21!d of February which was
no joke, ull assertions to the contrary not
withstandingthat he understands Saucho
panza Stevens thoroughly, aud is ready to cast
t lie Salun out of him at the proper opportunity.
W hen this is done when all the dcvil.sh np:rit
is gone, and only the wit, the humor, and the
fliif wd conniion sciifc remain, we do not know
a Coiisrcsfiuan whoso retirement from public
life will Le n.ore ' Mucerely resnetted by all
lovers of luiif.hicr than that of tho notorious
member fi cm' Pennsylvania.
The Guprantcc Section ol the Constitution.
Fiom tha !'nrld.
Ltnry Winter Dav'is, a few days before his
death, wrote to a gciillcmnn in New Jersey the
following letter, just pub islied:
Jiy Derr Sir: Ihe ense re erred to is Luther vs.
Koroeii, 7 Dowurii, S. (J. Iu-p , 1.
1 did i,oi s.iv tl'ut ilio htoies were out of the Union
in luw bv rcti llieu, or in luct b Hie result ot arms.
Un the contrary, i said t lit; ii uie ovcriiiiieiu ceusea
to exifi in ion by rtnoencing tlio CoitetUuticii, and
injur.) l-y lit-iuu 0.pelit'U by unns.
Iote iLe c.vo.'tity Tae Slates aro in the Union,
or eltowc aic l et bound to (.varantre them rcptwlf
.' g'tfim ittj. lliey have not republican rov
ernmeutri) and that alone fives Conpriess the rigiit
to tfci.tiol liiu teitoration under tlie power to feuur
aiiieo. iMiuiner is tctting rlcht on this point.
otjiitts looks jtrm ; but u niu i bo wiso as well as
lain, li we to Leiore tjic pe jilo next l.m on a nega-i.vt-
ittue. leavi: h Joliiison's goverumeut iu poson
sion oi tlio Mates, und simply ioiiho to admit tliem
to C'oiipress, ww will inevitably bo beaten. Ciongrosi
imift a'tt.ul Jchnutu's uovorumviit'), formally pre
sent c uuivuisai iiiilnifie as lliu couiiitiou nine qwx
itint el n ccijiintion, uiid i rni oc to aniead the Con
stitution, makim? it tlio siujh mo law of thu lund lor
li '1 f tutus, and iro to lie euumrv on tMese nioiumres.
or, n e iiej o w.li itccojit Jubnscu's governmeuts as
asi.lutiun mill Btmt representatives to admit their
rriircsoLtutives. fciuctiuiy jours.
it wistub Davis
Baltimore, Md , Drcembor 21, 18t55.
This letter evinces a lucid perception of the
points on wuicn tue reconstruction controversy
binges, Its ai'gtimcni that the Southern States
most be regarded as in tho Union to make ihe
Uonstituyonai guarant e ot repubiicm govern
mint applicable to them, is conclusive-. Mr,
Davis' cellmate ot the contlict bet weeu Congress
snd thi President does credit to his perspicacity
lie clefaiy edw thai a nieie refusal to admit the
Southern representatives would, in the end,
amount to no bins, unless Congruss should
"aLiml Johueon'6 governments," and set up new
State governments in their place. But this nulli
tcatiou policy having been checkmated by tho
veto power oi tue president (not supposed poa-
fible iu December, when thhi letter was writ'.en),
Jir. Davis' sagacious prediction will bo uiltilled,
ti at "the people will accept Johnson's govern
ments as a solution, aud representatives to admit
f.-nr lepx'ftentutivee."
The only way which remains open, even iu
V eery, to ' annul Johnson's coverniuents," is
t i.e t eip"iot3 coctpirncy to which tho Radicals
l.i.vo ltfcortcd of netting up new governments
by ti e spontaneouE uetiou of the Southern
i Vf.ioes and pureba-ied whites, and almittiug
lUu v reprtsenintives by tho separate action of
i b Hume; which may be doun by a more nia
ionty. but a cou.-'jiivacy to overthraw tho
t 't ie p.overnments of the SutitU would entitle
th. tc governti.onts to Fedeial protection, which
tie P'esidebt Iihs aniplo authority to reuder,
ivii.g the in my, or the militia, to any extent he
l: ay deem necessary. The law, in clothing him
u it'll this l ower, w tikes liim Ihe sole .jtide of
the cxijitney, and his discretion the sole limit
us to tho an, cunt ot the military lorce he will
employ.
'J iis Lew phase Lis controversy has assumed
it ni'U is it even more important than before that
ti.o couhLry should have a clear understanding
cf tl at pint ot the Constitution sometimes
culled the- guarantee section. Congress have
pro! seed to act under it, in their attempts to
set up hew Stute tovcrnments in the iaouth; and
tioni it is also du'ved the authority by which
tii Pit-siueut will protect the existing- govern
mer.ii irom distruct oa, it ttio Dadical conupir
liicy lor their overthrow is persisted in. The
gt urantee section is in tbo following words :
"'i he L nited States bhall guaiaBtes to every
State in iliis Union a republican lorin of govern
meiit, and shall protect each of them against
invasion, and, ou application ot the Legislature,
or ot iho executive n hen the Legislature cannot
le couveued, hgaintt ticmostio violence." ?
Kefhing occurred iu our political history' to
cull tor a very attentive silting ot this important
section until thn Dorr rebel. ioui Khodo Islaud,
in Is ''.2. In connection with that disturbance it
wits discussed with as much ability as ha ever
been brought to the consiceration of any cinsti
ti.tienitf question. A lout; and exhaustive letter
c,u the subject by Mr. Calhoun, in lbi, Mr. Web
rt.v'a aigument before the Supreme Court, in
jfcJti, aua the opiuio of tho Court itself, pro
nounced by Chief Justice Taney (the caso re
fened ro in the beginning ol the above letter),
aie the expositions which best deserve to be
fiudu d, both because we have never had three
nsiuds better qualified to ba'idle sucn a subject,
niid because their substantial uereemeut ou the
maiu point Is in i'.seli no allstht presumption of
the soundness ot tbtir coinmou view. Where
men of pre-eminent anility who looked at the
Constitution lrom such diSTeient standpoints
agree in opiniou, tneir loint conclusion is not
ltuolv to be shaken by subsequent examination.'
We will not follow the ampin raugo of those
vur ous discussions, but merely inuieatea few
cideut conclusion which, follow, without any
legu ni ictiuements, from the language ot the
section. . -
The combining of three distinct cuaiauteea In
that S'uclo section shows that, m the eytlma
tionol the trainer, they are related, and are
caicuinica to mrow ngnt ou eacn otnor. n,cn
in ilea L nt d for the protection of the Sta'es, and
taken; together, thev euarantes protection
asaniid. every kind of danger to which the
States can bo exposed. Tim oulv dangers which
a Stute is not ci-muetent to meet unaided aro in
vasion from without, rebellion ag'aiust its Gov
euiuirnt from witliin, and 'usurpation by iu
luleH, wlio may wield us Government a'lust
tlie libelties of tbe people. Against each of these
car-Ker tne sett. on -provides, a guurauiee. -
It will conduce to clearness lo consider theee
guarantees in an order the reverse of that In
which they stand in the Constitution; that order
being merely rhetorical, for the purpose of
kriLsing- the long and qualified clause last. The
qualifications by which this is limited grow out
of the nature ot the evil agaiust which it tuards.
The "domestic violence" which it contemplates
is violenco egainut the State eovernment; and
that government is made the sole ludge of the
exleency. in order to take away all pretext for
Federal intermeddling in '.he internal atliiim of
a 6tate under color ol supporting itsgovemment.
Ihe State Government is to be, in every case,
the cole Judge ol its ability to protect itself
against internal distmbance. II a StaP govern
ment needs assistance aeainst domestic violence,
it is capable of knowint it, and has the appro
Pi iale oflicial organs through w hich to ask for
it. Keither Congress nor the President can In
tel fere lor this purpose unasked.
Ihe guarantee against invasion is not quali
fied; the obligation it imposes is absolute. Inva
sion necessarily comes lrom outbide. aud all the
external relations of the States belong to the
sole Jurisdiction ot the Federal Government.
Under this clause, it is bound to expel and drive
flf iitruders without waiting to be called on,
but it can do nothing mofc. When the invasion
Is repelled, the Federal Government has nothing
mere to do: and even durlDg its continuance all
the internal at! airs of tho State remain under
the exclusive jurisdiction ot the State Govern
ment. Ihe guarantee of republican government also
requires io application ou tho part of the
State, (or reasons founded on the nature of
this guarantee, which is intended to protect
the State agamst the uxiltpation of its rulers,
lo this case it would be absutd to await the
applitation of the Sialo Government, for the
Sti.te Government is the very tbing against
which tho State is to bo protected. The
Usui ping rulers would, of course, never apply to
the Federal Government to aid the pi'oplo.
If the usurping State Government should esta
blish, a monarchy or an oligarchy, the Federal
authority would wait for no invitation to in
terfere. The important question under this
fruaiantee i what u the stnndavd ot republican
government? It is by departure from, or con
formity to, this standard (whatever ft may be)
that the Federal authority must estimate its
duty ot interference or forbearance.
It may safely be nssumed, as au incontro
vertible position, that no State Government vio
lates tho republican standard by any practice for
which there is a precedent in tho Governments
ol the original thirteen States. It is absurd to
suppose that the Constitution intended, or that
the States accepted, a standard which would
have permitted the Federal authority to set
aside unv of the State Governments then exist
ing, with which the States cn'ered into the
Lcicrn, us, it wtis first formed. Whatever was
consistent w ith republican in any State on
its first entrance into the Umon, can be no bar
to its continued exii-tence. in the Union as a re
publican Stale. To In Id tho contrary would be
to suppose that the men who framed, and the
States which rigiiia!ly adopted, the Constitu
tion did not understand their own meaning.
Advancing i'row the general discussion to
present application?, we may lay the guarantee
atramst invasion out of view, as havin no re
levancy to the present state of ntfairs. Both of
the other guarantees are closely connected with
pending questions. The imp'ortaut point to
determine is, rrJuci of tlie two gniiranteesjs now
applicable ? In otbtr words, is it the existing
State Governments that are to be protected, or
is it tbo people of the Southern States that aro
to be protected against those Governments? If
the existing State Governments are republican
in form, the guarantee against domestic violence
insures theiii protection against overthrow,
whenever they find ic ncesshry to ask for such
protection.
Any attempt to "annul Johnson's Govern
ments" is clearly unconstitutional, urless it can
be shown that tbey are not republican. But, to
prove them anti-republican, it must be shown
that they differ, in seme essential particular,
from all the Governments ot the on inal thir
teen States. It is claimed by the liadicals that
universal soflrage is tbo test ot republicanism.
But none ef the original thirteen could Pave
stood this test. Had it been innisted on, the
Omon could net have been formed. Surely,
States cannot be turned out of the Union for
reasons which did not prevent their original ad
mission. It ia clear, therefore, that the guar
antee which protects existing (State uovern
ments tcainst overthrow is tho only one which
applies to the pieent condition of the country,
WATCHES AND JEWELRY.
OUR FATROKS AKD THE TUELIC.
We are oficring our stock of
WATCHES,
JEWELRY,
AND SILVERWARE,
AT A DISCOUNT,
Fully equivalent te tlio heavy decline in Gold.
CI.A11K & BIDDL.E.
USQlrp No. 712 CHESKPr Street
(J.LJ v.lU,i V
Jail lccelvcd n larc a d ep:ondId OFPortuict ot
LAEIIS' GCLD WATCEES,
Ecni In plain cr.erfi, utters brsutH'ury coameilid and
(bciuTee, und others taiald wltlidliiuiODdg.
furch tiers wltliinu
I1ASBSOME LADIES' WATCH
Will do well to call at once and motto a selection. Prices
moderate. Al. watches warranted.
Also, a large aasortment ot
GENTLEMEN'S AND r-OlV WATCH E3,
IN GOLD AKD SILVEt CAStS. 2 24
WATCHES, 'JEWELRY, i
MUSICAL DOXES.
A full eskortinent ol above pooos constantly od
band at mode ate jiricos the llusical Boxes playing
trom 2 to 10 Lcaoutul Aits.
FAEE & EEOTEEE, Importers.
No. 84CUEfcNUt bTKEJET,
11 llnntl Jrp Below Fourth.
11 I C II JEWELRY
JOITN BRENNAN,
PEALEB IN
DIAMONDS, FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY
Etc. Etc. Etc
gf fro. 18 B EIGHTH S I KBET. Fifad.
HENRY HARPER,
; No. 620 AIIOII BTIlKlilTe
; Mauutaoturbr end Dealer m ,
Vatrhn,
fine Jewelry,
; Kilver-l'latetl W'arft,
AJ
88r fiolid Kilver-ware.
M Illf BTAJll'" AGKNCvl NO. M4 Clli'iRNTT
J H'IBKI-1, A10Vt)lllH Vt lLUUvf OMlNUl-Ji
AR IlKllKTCFOHK.
OTA it I' ot Vr tYPFhCH I VTtON CONSTANT I.T
ON 1JAM1. 1N .ANV AaHV?)T .11 .
P II O B P E C T XT S
OF IHE
I
CARSON
GOLD MIMACi C031FMY.
CAPITAL
STOClv.-.Ji5OO,000
NUMBER OF SHARES, 60,000.
Tar Value and Subscription Price, $10.
WORKING CAPITAL, $00,000.
OFFICEll S :
TBESIDENT,
, COLONEL WILLIAM B. TIIOMA.
SECRETARY AND TREASURER, pro tCIH,
J. I10TKINS TARR.
KOLIC1TOR,
WILLIAM L. IimSf, ESQ.
DIKEC10K3,
COLONEL WILLIAM B. THOMAS.
CHARLES 9. OGDEN.
EDWIN MIDDLETON,
ALEXANDER J. HARPER,
WILLIAM LERGER.
J be Lund of thl Cmntiuir rnnlctii nt ohr.nl 110
Acrcn, in k otklcnLum couniv Sortli CaioUim. ubuut
07 uiuvb iruu iuo ion a oi luurtoiie.
On this proportv firccu shafts or nits have been enened
Ki d dunk tevrlou deinlie, lrom 10 to bi loot, deinon-
htralliiK tbe txliitrnce ol lire iaraue. vemiot oreof
aliout I itet in kiiu ana about in icct apart, vonvrrtslux
iu a vumirvii ceune at iuo uepto oi aDOUl i,io K-!C. lorui-
iiig aue iljiuiense mac or vein ol ore, eitpndin in
leuKiu iirou(in m proprriv u ore inaa nuir a mile,
1 lit-it are tlso on tills ptwperty otner veins oi are unex
plored li tlier-a or aia known as tae Brown oros
and are v rv ru b, yielding an avera.e ol about S'2W) pitr
iiu in it-Hi. nt kbbta hiiiii ii a vini aceo ui-uiuii-
atratcu by tbe tuna nerk:ng or tke mlnrs lorgevurdl
yeari- pant, tne ilea oi luvtMBit-nt In nnileeioncd nro
in rt r la aot incnrrrd. anil i vilie nunilranon ot modnm
uiuiitK anu refuting mm tiiiory ike t ouipunv aiiuclpa.e
au iu,uiuiai nuii inj,c it-iuiu he lurir mouev.
Favlnir nn oro that readily yields '200 per ton, iomn
estimate chu be made el il-evwue at-Ins property. With
ttOnriMUl luipeitcct Bvvtrm oi rnlnliiK. tn lonn of tlila
ere cun bw tuk h out and reduced iluiiy irom everv sli.Tt
opened, at an expense not exceeding fii per tori, leav
ing a ni t uniiy prout ot eiltw lor eacn aball worked by
liiu t.ouipunv.
Tbe liriro VfOTklBg eapltnl reserved vcl'l enable the
Comrutiv lit once lo vikcui ai.o erei t tlie beat modd.u
niacl.li.riy lor u-unliiuiiit'iiB the ores, by weans or wlilcb
jirm wui u'3 mull uicri-iutu,
Hiceo nJnts. wbiltit tbey prodace ores richer than
tticBu ol oleiad or 9eradn, Lava mnur advantage
oer tfcfui. particularly in an abundance i,f lu'l and
clieup labor, and Ibe lacility with which, they una lie
worsen curing iuc enitieyt-Blt v Ulist ti line ot Colura lo
and Nevada can only bo worked during the wurui
weather.
A lest assuy of an avuape Ispcchnrn of the ero from
tho Ciirnco Mtties waa made an laie an the 27th ot
January ot tbe preacm year, an w 111 appear lrom tbe tol
lt.wlni certllJiKie oi Fio iaor" booth and Uaxrott, tho
Aesuyemot tho Philadelphia Mint:
Philadelphia, January 27, 186-i
DearSIri We hvo carelully assayed tha anmplo of
rc irom "Camon Ailuo." orih i arolina, and nuii It to
yield ten ouncta nine pennynelibta ol pure pold to tlio
ti n of ore. 'J lie com value In therefore 8J1G'U2 per tun
ei ore. Yours, respectfully.
BOOTH t. GA BRETT.
Ir. M. B. Tatlo,Ko.4M Walnut atrcet, 1'hiiHd.
Subscription! to the Capital Stock will be received at
tbe CUice of tbe tempauy.o. 7 WALMJT htreet,
wbere euuiplca el the ore may be soon, uua ma lnionnu
tlou itlveu. a 3
LIQUORS.
CEmiT OliOVE WiilSM.
No. 225 North TtllliD Street.
If anythlim was wanted to prove the absolute pnilty
of this Whisky, the following certificates should dolt.
There Is no alcoholic silinulunt known commanding such
recommendation honi such hlth soirees:
riiiLADELi niA, Septen.ber9. law.
We have carefui:y touted the sainp.e o: ( IlfcSNUT
GltOV't. WHISKY which jou send us, aud fiuu that it
ccntalns hoMs ov ma roiAUKOia si ustam'K known as
Vt ml oil. lui h Is tbe cliaracierlxtio and Injurious lu
Sicdiiui of tl.e wblfkii-s Ini-encral use.
BOO'iU, UAliRhl T A CAMAC,
Ana'ytlcal ihemUts.
New Vosk, fiepteinlier 3, 18'8.
I hnvo analyzed a sample oi i uknut GitoVK
ViflltKY received irom Air. tliarles Wl art m, Jr., of
1 l.liai.c.phior rnd bavlnp carvlully tesicd It, I am
pie, sid lo stt.U that It in i-ullie r nil Fuoh l'OisoNOi'S
tut luLt'iEi im a biil'.-iuiiei-M. it Is au unusually puro
r.uu out-tuvorcd ijuu liy ui whlaky.
JAiitH H HtLTOV.M.D.,
Analytical themi:t
Boptok, Vnrch 7 lS-!.
1 have nisdc a ( liemlifcl onfti.mls oi cuminerc'aHam
pesul Cl.ll-M I l.l.OVl-. WiU.-K V, vhifli proves til
rc tree lirui li e heavy 1 ukil Oils, und per. rely pure and
tinr.iiulternied. I he line l avor of ihm whisky is derived
utiu ll,e i ii in uhjii In biituuiaclurlur It
licspeclilllir. ..-. A. 11 YK.. M. !..
fclute Assnycr, 16 Boyliston etieet.
For rnlo by hi.rrel.demlinhn, cr hotllo, at No. C26 North
ai.llil) Street r hllado.iihiu., 3 3
J W.. H A M I.I A R,
Iniiiorter i.r.d TVl.olcsulo I'cnler In Foreign
BRAN ID I E S, WINKS,
' '- ' AND
IIlvE OLD WRIESIES,
No.
1 SOm
C20 MAHKET BailliET
yillLADRLI'UIA.
NATHANS A SOJjS,
JMFOIlTKltS OF
OP
BKANDIEB.-.WIKJES, GINS, Exc.
Eo. 10 H. IRONT STREET,
rillLADELPESA.
IHiKAl K A. NA1H AlkS,
OKtAMJU Xi.KATJIAKS.
llra
TEAS, Ao.
JAPANESE POWC1IONO TEAS,
The finest ever Imported.
OOI.OXO TEA, Pragon Chop.
OLD COVIBNUEST JAVA COFFEE, ETC.
for sale by ' '
jam ics n. wunn,'
' 1 18 lm WA1.VV7 AM EIGHTH BTRKET3
rl EA8 KKDCCED TO ?1, AT JNGRAM'S
J. 1 ea Warehouse. No. 43 fl. OKt OSD Otrect.
EOASTFI) COFFER IEEDUCEU TO
fitJMilUM'W lea Warehouse, ilo. 43 8.
30 CT3.
bJSOOND
btrei t.
UFfcT J1ILU COFFER, AT INGRAM'S
lvl l ea Warehouse, ho
43 e. siruM) htreet.
M'EA
I nrli-
AND COFFEES AT WITOLESAL
es, at im;hai- lea WaiehouM, Ho. 1 a.
fcSKf.'uMJ street. . Try them.
2S CTS. A
e, Wo. 4a .
i . .. .Hi .
J pound, at INGliAJI'K Tea Wui
SICOM.' Etrect. itrtlicm.
I FINANCIAL.
yE OFEEll FOR S ALU
Central Pacific ITU. 7 per Cent. Bonds,
Interest payable in Gold,
, Jn the cllu of Nm York;
TJ. O'S, 1805,
Issued to the Pacific Railroad Co.,
Interest payable lo currency. The cheapest Oovcrn-
ment Eands on tke market, received by United statea
Treaaarer at 80 per cent es security for National bank
Circulation.
Morris and Essex Railroad First
Mortgage 7'sf Due- 1914,
Htrictly Flnt-clnaa Bond; for tale lower than ether
Bonds of the aameeiam.
Government seourlttos of all kinds bought and sold.
Stocks aadOeld bought and sold en commission la
this end ether markets.
Interest allowed on deposlte,
E. W. CLARK & CO., Hankers,
1188m No. 33 S. Third St.,Phllad.
JAY COOKE & CO.,
No. 114 S. THIRD STREET,
B ANKEltB,
AND
DEALERS IN GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
V. S. Cs OF1S81,
6 20s, OLD AM) KEW,
10-408! CEKTIFICATKS OF INDiBTEDNKSS,
7 S0 SOTF.9, 1st, 2d, and 3d berios.
COMPOUND INTERES1 NOTES WANTED.
IN1EBKST ALLOWED OX DEr03ITS.
CollcctieBS made; lock 8 Itougbt and Bold on
Commission.
ppeclul toBinose acccmmodatlons rcservod for
LAU1LS.
rmiAFl.pmA, Kehinarr, 1PG8. 273m
U. S. S E C U IlITIES
A SPECIALTY.
SKITH, RAHD01PH & CO.,
EAKKERS & BROKERS,
IC S. THIRD ST.
3 NASSAU ST.
rillLADELrBJA.
KEW YOKE.
STOCKS AND GOLD
EO UG LIT AND SOLD ON COMMISSION.
IKTKREPT AM OWHD ON DEFOSIT8. 21
5-20S C1TY WARRANTS. J'O
G. A. liAIIM & CO.
HANKERS,
No. C2 SOUTH THIRD STREET
rrjT OITT WARTtANlS at lowest market rates, and
allOW BACK INTKHBST.
Hut and sell UMTtC STATES LOAN'S at beat market
prices.
tlOMrOTJSI INTK1.EST NOTES wantea at a MtE-
I11IU.
COLLKCTIONS made on all aocesaihln rvnlnts In n,
Union.
fiTdC'KS, etc., hontht and sold at the Board of
Brokers; 2 2djmibsl uirp
AVIES UllOTIIERS.
Ro. 225 ECCR STREET.
15ANKERK AND BROKERS,
r.CT AND SELL
TKITED STATES HONDS. 1881s, 5-2fls, 10 40s.
UNITED STATEB 7 3-104. ALL ISSUES.
tJKKTIFICATES OF INDEBTEDNESS
llercantl'.e Paper aud Loons on Co lnterals negotiated.
Ktucks nought nuii Fold tin Comrnlflslon. 1 31 S
JjARPER, DURNEY & CoT,
BANKERS,
STOCK AND i X GRANGE BROKERS,
Kb. 55 S. Tlir.H 81UEET, 1'HirAbELPHIA.
stocks and Loans Icufht and sold on Commission
Uncnncnt Hank Kotcs, Coia, fctc, tounlit and sold.
Svccial etti-iitlon i Md to tbo purchase and sale of
Cil S'ccks. DcpoFi'a received, and interest allewed
es f t-r BHiccmctt. 85 8m
T11E
FIRST NATIONAL DANK
HAS REMOVED
l Kl . 'iik
the
ciecf ti) of tlio new .San!: b.vil Jinar,
to H7 4p
7o. OOp CM ISNUT STREET.
t QS.-FI E-T WENTIES. '
730s -S2VEM-THIRTIES,
' W A N T K D.
DE HAVEN BROTHER,
l-T So. 40 6. TBIKD STJH.ET.
SHIRTS, FUf.MSHING GOODS, &o
J.
SCOTT & ,0 O.,
flANTJFACTTJRERS,
SHIRT
A'- C D2ALER3 IN -
"M EN'S FURNISHING GOODS,
No. 81 Chcsnut Street,
roCB uoowr bklow the "CONTINENTAL,"
8 20 rp PHILADELPHIA.
PATEN T SIIOULDEK-SEAM
SHIRT MANUFACTORY
AND iGENTLEXKK'S FUKNISUING STOF.E.
vnarzcT fitting hhibts and sbawkkb
nade from tneasortuient t very short notice.
All other article oi UHJi'lhJtUJLSi'lt IKi,Kg GOODS
In hull variety,
winciiertkr & CO.,
8 24S TU6 CHKBMIJT bTKEUT
t.EVKNUK KlAiMFS, KKVIJNUK STAMPS,
Ot tl fleserlptloiis, 1 '
Ot nil descriptions, ' ...
Always on band,
' Alw ays on huud.
AT FLOKFXCR BFWINO MCHTK CVS OFKl.'E.
AT I LOKJCM'1 KKWI NO ! A 0111 E CO.'S O FIC'Jfi,
, - No. 10 CHKSNIJr htreet,
1 . No fcO t'UI SNUT (Street
I One door Im ow Seventh street,
, , One deor helow Seveuth street.
' - ? he most liberal diicount allowed.
- The most liberal dist-ouui allowed. !
ri JI li "pTAMP A (3 ENCY.NO. 304 CIIFSNUTf
J HTKKKT. AHOVK T111UU, WILL li It COMT1NOEI
A lit II M OKI l HE.
KTAJll'S of -VK T Pf SClUPnOXCONSTANTLI
C'hflAM.AM . ASK AMOU , , 1UD
V