THE DA1L1 EVENING TELEGRAPH. PHILADELPHIA, SATURDAY, MARCH 10, 18GG.
LJTE1UTU HE.
SKETCHES OF PUBLISHERS.
J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., PHILADELPHIA.
Tbc firm of Lippincott, Crambo & Co., tormed
in 18.r)0, bj purchase of the stock aad good-will
of Grigg, Elliott & Co.,.conmtcd of Joshua Bel
linger Llpplncott, Henry Crambo, Edmund
Claxton, George Hemsen, nd Benatnln B. Wil
lis. Ot these, Messrs. Gianibo., Claxton, md
Reuben had been partners with Grigg A Elliot
Mr. Lippincott had carried on the business for
several years, and he brought Mr. Willis, who
had been asFoc'atod Mlth him, Into the new
publishing linn. Mr. Crambo retired
Irom the firm In 1853, nid tho house
then assumed tlio title of J. B. Lippin
cott A Co., by which it has since been
known. Mr. C. C. Ilnileiauger and Mr. John A.
Krnisen, each ot whom had had over twenty
year-' experience In the house, became partners
in 1858. At the dose of 1800 Mr. Willis rotired,
the copartnership then having expired by limi
tation aud Mr. Geortre W. Child, of the late
publishing hon.se of Cbilda & Peterson, was ad
mitted a member ot tho firm, but retired in tho
following summer. Mr. J. B. Mitchell, who had
been associated with Mr. Lippincott lor many
years In tho book-binding business, became a
partner in 18(it, at which time tho biuding
wholly merged in the publishing and book
selling establishment. The firm now consists of
J. 1?. Lippincott, Edmund Claxlon, George
Runscn, J. B. Mitchell, C. C. Ilatlcl linger, and
John A. Iicmscn.
Ttie premises No. 22 and 21 N. Fourth street
b.-ing too limited lor tho extended and still ex
tending business of J. B. Lippincott & Co., and
It being impossible to find adequate accommo
dation in a business centre, It was resolved to
erect a new and pplendid building of sutlicient
extent in a leading thoroughfare. Tho Bite
sch ctcd, forming Nos. 715 and 717 Market street,
on the north side, between Seventh and Eighth
streets, running clear through to Filbert street,
occupies 3fiG feet on that line, is 41 feet wide on
the Market street facade, aud over 10Q feet wide
on tho Filbert street end. This building wa3
commenced in February, 18G2, and was taken
possession of lor business occupation and pur
poses fn March, 1803. The design was to have a
very extensive tore, at on.:o substantial aud
handsome, with express adaptation to the book
making and book-distributing business. It
differs from Messrs. Harpers' (treat store In
Franklin Square, New York, In being wholly
occupied by its owners, whereas in the Har
per building the stores on the first-floor aro
lented off.
Tiie building in Market street, which was
completed nearly three years ago, consists of
llvo lofty stones over a basemont which is at
once deep, extensive, well lighted, and tho
roughly ventilated. The editico is in the shape
of a rt versed L the broad end being on Fil
bert street, with a height of six stories over the
basement. The facades are fronted throughout
with dove-colored marble, and the building, not
loaded with excess of ornament, is by far the
most handsome private business edifice in
Philadelphia. The first flopr, entered from
Market street, without any ascent, is over six
teen feet high, with complete ' adaptation of
ventilation and light, forming a saloon two
hundred and fifteen feet long and forty feet
wide. The retail business Is conducted
at tho south or Market street extremity,
under the active supervision of Mr. Jesse
I'nrry, formerly of the house of Parry & Mucuiil.
Ian, corner of Fourth and Chesnut streets, sue
ccssors to Carey & Hart. A vast quantity of
books upon every veriety of subjects medical,
educational, military, legal, theological, belles'
letties, and miscellaneous, with an extensive
stock of photograph albums mostly in hand
sonic bindings occupy tho shelves down to the
viiious counting-houses and partners' private
offices. ,Thc . tccond floor Is chiefly appro
prlated to stationery, and the three floors above
are filled with f urplus stock of all kinds, so sys
temntically arranged that any article can be
supplied tit a moment's notice. lit the basement,
which underlies tho whole extent ot tho build'
ing, school books and heavy stationery are da-
posited in larse quantities. When the intention
of extending this already mammoth fire-proof
building is. curried out, so as to permit the
printing and book-binding (still exeouted in the
largo premises corner of N. Fifth and Cresson
streets into which these branches of production
overflowed when the publication and bookdistn
butiou was done in N. Fourth street), this will
be a book establishment inferior to none in this
country, and larger than any in London. There,
indeed, with very few except'.ons (chief among
which is tho new book store of Longman & Co.,
in Paternoster row), tho book stores of even the
princes of "the trade'' are dingy in appearance,
inconvenient, badly constructed, and chiefly to
bo regurded with iutcreot on account of their
antiquity. Even the business of John Murray,
the great aristocratic publisher, is transacted In
a plitiu dwelling house en Albemarle street,
with pallor windows. Inded, until recently,
when, having been burn', out, Longiuau & Co.
had to rebuild their premises, tho only book
vender's an 1 publisher's store ot any Importance
erected for the special purpose, in London, was
the immense "Temple ot the Muses," in Fins- j
bury Square, put up by James Lackington
chiefly for the second hand book trade the
same who wrote and published a very amusing
autobiography, in which he spoke more frankly
of himself aud hi own takes and mistakes than
self historians usually d . The whojle cost of the
premises of Messr. Lippincott & Co., in Market
street, including the purchaw of the site and the
completed construction, as at present, was
$3f0,000. The business of this house consists of
publibhlng, printing, and binding, foreign im
portation, and general distribution of books and
ttutlonery.
Among the more important publications ot J.
B. Lippincott & Co. are Bibles and prayer-books
In every variety ot size, binding, and price;
library editions of the novels of Scott, Brockdea
Biown, J. P. Kennedy, and bir E. Bulwer Lyt
tou; of Hume, Smollot, Gibbon, andMacaulay;
Kirke's "Ilibtory of Charles the Bold;" the his
torical works of W. H. Prescott; the standard
poets and dramatists; and many other works of
pure literature, history, biography, law, medl
cine, science, art, criticism, aud education. "The
Pronouncing Gazetteer ol the World," a large
volume royal 8vo, edited by Dr. J. Thomas and
'P. Baldwin, assisted by other writers, has sup
plied a desideratum, and the new edition, now
near completion, will be all that can bo doslrad.
Dr. Thomas is author, also, of "A Comprehensive
Pronouncing Medical Dictionary," post 8vo, pp.
04, published last ycar,contalnlng the pronuncia
tion, etymology, and signification of the terms
re ado use of In medicine and the kindred scien
ces, with an appendix comprising a complete
list of all the mora important articles of tho
materia medics, etc. This is a smaller vo.ume
than Dr. Dungllson's, but has been loan I ex
tremely comprehensive and reliable'. Beck's
"Elements of Medical Jurisprudence," now in
the twelfth edition, 13 published by this house;
Parson's "Treatise on the Law of Promissory
Notes and Bills of Exchange," and Scribuer's
"Law of Dower." In medicine and surgery the
lif-t is very large, including, inter alia. Da Cobtas
Medical Diagnosis," Surecoa-General Ham
mond's various works, S-nllh's "Principles
and Practice of Surgery," Sir James
Syme's "Practico and Principles ot bur.
gery," and, pre-eminent among this class
of works, "The United States Dispen
satory," by Drs. Fraaklln Baohe and George B.
Wood, first published over thirty years ago,.and
now in tho twelfth edition. Of this work, which
did for medicine In this country what corres
ponding works by Dr. Duncan aud Dr. Thomp
son had previously done In Scotland and Rng
land, over 88,000 copies have already been sold.
Ir. Bathe, who died in the spring ot ISO t, actu
ally received proceeds upon the salo of 7'J,O0D
copitfl. Dr. Wood, his associate in the work,
who, indeed, executed much the greater portion
of it, is now President of the College of Physi
eiuns of Philadelphia.
Of course such extensive publishers were '
culled upon during the war to produce a number
of military works. In more peaceful depart
ments of science they also participated, as pub
lishers of more tlnely illustrated works Spencer
F. Haiid's "Mammals and Birds of North Ame
rica;" Professor Cbaavenefs "Manual of Spheri
cal and Practical Astronomy;" John Casein's
"Illuutrations of the Birds ot California, Texas,
Oregon, British and Russian America;" Girard's
"nerpetolojry ot the United States Exploring
Expedition UDder Commodore Wilkes;" Hum
phreys and Abbott's "Mississippi Delta Re
port;'" Nott and Gliddon's "Types of Man.
kind and Indlgeuous Races of the Earth;',
Sloan's architectural works, and the numis
matic works of Dr. Dickesou and Mr. Ross
Snowden, formerly dhector of tho United States
Mint at Philadelphia. As for educational works,
the list alono would fill several columns. In con
nection with Messrs. Merriam.'of Springfield,
Mass., the house of J. B. Lippincott & Co. has
long participated in tho publication of Dr. Noah
Webster's dictionaries. In like manner, too, this
house has issued, in this country, in conjunction
with Messrs. William & Robert Chambers, of
Edinburgh and London, the most important of
their numerous publications, such as the "In
formation for the People," "Cyclopedia of
English Literature," "Miscellany and Reposi
tory," "The Book of Days," and "Chambers'
Encyclopedia," largely Illustrated with wood
engravings and original maps, to be completed
in nine volumes, of which tne eighth is now
Hourly ready for tho binder.
The succoss of this arrangement with Messrs.
Chambers, by which fac-similo editions of valu
able works are simultaneously published in
Philadelphia and in "the old country," has
recently led to a great extension of that descrip
tion of business by J. B. Lippincott k Co., one
of the firm having been in Europe for some
months past, where he has concluded negotia
tions with the leading publishers in Great Bri
tain, France, Belgium, and Germany, which will
largely introduce theirpublicatious into this coun
try at lower rales than they can be sold for when
only small quantities arc imported. The princi
pal British publishers with whom J. B. Lippin
cott & Co. have thus become engaged are Long
mans, John M array, Churchill & Sons, Chapman
i Hall, Bell A Daldy, Bagster A Sons, Dy A
Son, Adam A Charles Blaek, W. Collins, Smith,
Elder A Co., W. A R. Chambers, etc.
It is claimed that J. B. Lippincott A Co. were
the, first manufacturers of photograph albums
in. this country. We havo heard that, in the
summer of 18G0, soon after cartes de visile
came into furhion, a
brought over from
Mr. LippincoU's hands.
photograph album,
Pans, came into
He determined to
enter .upon the manufacture to supply a want
which, it was easy to imagine, must soon be
lelt and met. The binding in the original spe
cimen appeared very slight, and, indeed, the
book exhibited a tendency to fall to pieces on
even slight handling. Mr. Lippincott intro
duced the making of albums upon linen guards,
by which strength and flexibility aro both
secured. The manufacture of these albums has
rver tince bsen a large and lucrative part of
the business. The prices vary, from the p icket
album, bound in cloth, with gilt edge and clasp,
toehold twelve views, and sold at 8) cents, to
the imperial quarto size, four views on a page,
to hold two hundrod views, richly bound In
Turkey morocco, at $31. One album made here,
for a California customer, was priced at $500.
The binding executed by Messrs. Lippincott
is especially gogd. Some time ago a chef dVuor
of this art was produced, which excited no small
admiration in Europe. Of "Schoolcraft's His
tory of the Indian Tribes," in six large quarto
volumes, with illustrations, one copy, beauti
fally bound, was presented to the United States
Government ten years ago. The book had been
published by J. B. Lippincott A Co., and its
binding was also Intrusted to them. The volumes
were richly bound m Turkey morocco, aud em
blazoned with the respective initials of each
royal and imperial recipient, over which the
emblems of the American republic were placed.
A fcimllarly bound copy was reserved for Mr.
Fillmore, who was President at the time. A
large number of volumes bound by Lippincott A
Co. invariably sresentation copies are in
Queen Victoria's private library, at Osborne.
Mr. Henry C. Carey, the well-known political
ecoaomist, himself son of a Philadelphia book
seller, and formerly in "the trade," once de
scribed J. B. Lipplncelt A Co.'a as being "the
largest book-distributing house that exists in
the world." It supplies books from the Atlantic
to tho Pacific, from New Orleans to Newfound
land. It has about eight thousand customers,
some ot whom pay at least $10,000 a year for
publications and stationery. Tho mere cost of
boxes and packages for the conveyance of
orders exceeds $20,000 a year. The sail of
ecboolboeks extends to millions por annum.
Tha number of perjons employed, at various
salaries, exceeds live hundred per week. In the
binding rooms the outliy for gold-leaf is over
20,000 a year.
Wo have been favored by . Mr. William S.
Washburac, who holds a confidential position
In this house, with a memorandum of the num
ber of boxes of books which have been des
patched to customers by this houso and Its Im
mediate predecessor, nlotwcon 1831 and 18 It),
both years inclusive, the ercatcrt number of
boxes thus sent out varied from 1257, in tho
year 1842, to 3806 in 1H47, 40:'0 la 1813, and
5030 In 1H49. This last number was more than
doubled in 1850, tho Crst year of Messrs. Lip
pincott A Co. tkfntf the bnsincs. and the
ilgures up to the present" timo are:
Yror. ioxi'i. Ytnr. Jlnr.ri.
1850 6.181 1858 12.881
1H51 7 019 lsr, 13,757
W2 8.BSJ 1H00..., 14 477
W.S 10,810 lsnl 10.554
18o4 11 48i 1W2 11.41U
1H65 11.4H 183 13.IWS
IHf 12 070 18'i4 13, WJ
1857 11,745 1555 15,5i'J
We notice that in the very bad year, 1812, tho
business sensibly declined. It grew dull towards
tho close ot 1857, which was also a panic year,
dropped down from 14,477 boxes in 18(10 to
10,554 in 1801, and rallied irom that time until
the end of the war, tho year 18G5 being by far
the most prosperous yet enjoyed by the house.
Hitherto, the opening business of the year 18GG
indicates still further extension. The newly
established "relations with foreign powers,'
which will come into operation In the present
year, must lead to a considerable increase in
business. Beyond all comparison, it is said, the
house of J. B. Lippincott A Co. Is unequalled iu
the extent of its transactions by any linu In the
same lino In this country or iu London.
Memoir of Jambs Louts Pkttwru. By W. J.
Grayson. Harper A Brothers, New York.
Agents, J. B.;Lippiucott A Co., Nos. 715 and 717
Market street.
When a moral epidemic, whether religious or
political in ltd nature, seizes upon s community,
and hurries it along in tho wild rush of mad
enthusiasm; when the whole social torrent
dashes with seemingly irresistible force in acer
tain direction, for one man to stem that
current, and bravely battle against the stream,
is a sign of heroism which tho world has never
failed to appreciate and applaud. It is out of
such that the demi-gods of history have been
made. It is out of such clay that the almost
deified leaders of the past have been crfr;
ated. Cicero, when ho stood alone ' among the
conspirators, and opposed their schemes, was
such a roan. Luther, when he dHred the power
of the Church of Rome, unaided and unsupport
ed, was such a man. And in our land and time,
the man whose actions approach nearest to this
exalted position was James L. Petligra, of South
Carolina. When the mud torrent of secession
engulfed tho reason of tho Southern people
beneath the waves of passion, Pettigru breasted
those waves, forfeited popularity, lost position,
risked life and blood, before the tide had turned,
in the cause of the Union in the cause which
his conscience told him was the right one.
The life of such a man Is of Interest to tho
nation. The people are too apt to forget, in
their universal hatred of the Southern leaders,
tttat there was a man wno never yielded, never
temporized, never wavered in the cause of the
nntional unity. Had the life of Mr. Pettigru
been spared until to-day, he would have been
the most popular man in the entire country
He would have been beloved by the North bo-
cause of his unadulterated Unionism, by the
South, because even in tho midst of the wildest
secession excitement he was ever esteemed and
honored. But dying before the day dawned, it
is necessary that some memoir keep his name
before posterity. The needed work has been
furnished by his old friend, Mr. W. J. Grayson,
who also to-day lies with his schoolfellow be
neath the sod. Let us trace the life of the
hero ot the sketch before vs.
James Louis Puttigru was born of an aria to
cratic though extremoly indigent family, on
the 10th of May, 1789. Ills parents were ex
tremely poor, living on a small farm, and
without resources or prospects, llis father
appears to have been an easy-going, unenergetic
sort of a man, who lived, and that was all he
cared for. His death left his eldest son James
with the care of a larte family, with little
funds, and great promise of ability. He imiae
mediately proceeded to work on the farm, and
labored with all his btrontiU to support his
relatives.
At the ago of thirteen, a family council was
called, and it was decided that the boy should
be sent to school. The matter was a grave one,
and to raise the necessary funds a mortgage was
resorted to. He accordingly went to the aca-
demy of Dr. Waddell, on leaving which he
went to Columbia College, supporting himself
by teaching school during his course of study.
Upon arraduating, tim ot ins class, lie taught a
country school, meanwhile studying law. At
the age of twenty-two he was elected a tutor of
Beaufort College. On the death of the President
he tried to secure that post. By his defeat the
cause ef education lost au able leader, but the
itate gained a most faithful public servant.
Admitted to the bar, he removed in 1819 to
Charleston. In 1822 he was electud Attorney
General of the State. When tho unllilication
schism of 1830 swept over tha State, Pettigru
came out boldly with Drayton aud other Union
lata, and fousibt the Nulliflers on their own
froond. His biographer well says of him
"There eould be no hesitation on his part, The
disruption of the Federal Union was to hltn an
evil without remedy, and without measure" In
1831 be ran lor the position of Stale Senator, in
opposition to Colonel Cunningham, the Null ill
cation candidate. By bribery, force, fraud,
and every political contagion -he was de
feated. From that time until the announcement
Of Secession, ho continually held legal positions
of honor under the tate. In 1837 he lost all of
his fortune in a ruinous speculation, besides in
icurring a dobt which it took years to liquidate.
Bui by devotion to the bar he finally same out
unharmed, free, and finally an cpulent man
From the first breath ot Secession he was open
in his bitter denunciation. We tlnd he measured
no woids in hie opposition. It was the bitter
and relentless war of the rijrht upon the ever-
increasing force of wrong. Yet, strange to say,
although he dared the popular fury, stemmed
the popular tide, called the people traitors, aud
never hesitated to avow hia contempt and oppo
tion to their conduct, they continued to have
fttithln him. In 18G2, after having tor three
years abused each member of the Legislature
aud their views, he was elected by them to
codifv the laws of the State. It was because of
his BTeut legal attainments, and not politioul
lavoiitism, that he was chowm, from that time
until the day of his death, on tho 9th ot March.
18G3, In the seventy-tilth year of his a f, having
)ust completed his work on the Stato laws.
Refusing to leave the State for which be had
labored for years, he dared the leaders of Seces
sion to tho utmost, yet although threatened ho
was never dUtnrbed. llis death caused the pro
foundest oi row through the State and over the
entire North. He was tho faithful among the
faithless, and he died confident In the success
Which has since crowned tho Union causo.
llis character, ax depicted by his biographer
can bo eummel uo in a few words conscien
tious, fearless, and eloquent", ho coull never bo
moved from the oounxi which ho esteemed just.
A man of mighty powers, a self-made man, and
one who, had he turned his attention more to
politics, would have tanked among tho Webitcrs,
Calhounp, and Clajs of the Senate. Had teu
such men been fouid in that modern Sodom,
she would aol have been half a pile oi ashes as
she is to-dav.
Of the work itself wo must Hpsak highly.
Written in a style ol easy fluency, it is pleasant
rending from the first page to the last. It poe
tesses interest even if the man of w hom it spotiks
w as not so well known and appreciated, and 11
evidently tho effort of a man well versed in
letters. It is not sufficiently toned down in its
style, but t'.ie untimely death of tho author may
be the reason. It ts beautifully pot up by Mssr.
Harper, and deserves a large sale.
lMrnciTY ant) FisciNATi.ts. Bv Anne Ileal e,
Lcrinu', Boston. G. W. Pitcher, No. 80'i Ches
nut street, Agent.
A pleasantly written, though rather toa pro
lix govel. The characters are drawn with a Hne,
bold baud, which savors more of a man lhn a
lady. The scene Is laid in England, and is re
plete with pleasnnt interest. Some of tho per
sons are demi gods, and all ot them have a be
nevolent turn of mind. The villain of th; work
eventually becomes a saint. It is neatly got up,
and will repay perusal. The establishment of
Mr. Pitcher is also noticeable for the variety of
its albums, a number of new works, and rarast
collection of photography. His albums aro
among the richest and most varied In tho city.
Fai sb Pidb. T. B. Peterson A Bros.. No. 30iJ
Chesnut street.
Tho work L, we understand, a sensational
novel. It is one of the uniform edition of Messrs.
Peterson's works. Of its literary merits we cun
epeak favorably, from reputation. It will bi
read by many of the lovers of the Mrs. South.
worth class of fictions.
We hnvc before us a copy ol the "American
I'.xcoangc and uoview" lor toDruary. it la an
able magazine. The departments devoted to
finance, metallurgy, bunks, and other special
ties are especially well edltod, being replote with
information and carefully digested statistic?.
The "United States Survice Magazine" for
Macch contains a graphic sketch of "The 6th
Army Corps," by Major-General McMahon, which
Li of deep interest not only to every soldier of the
corps, but also to the general reador. An article
on lortirication3 deserves especial attention from
our military men. The present number Is all
that could be desired.
The "Philadelphia Photographer" for March
contains a beautifully executed photograph of a
cascade as a frontispiece. The rest ot the work
is devoted to professional and scientific subjects
connected with tho art.
THE NEW YORK PRESS.
Editorial Opinions of the Leadlnc
Journals upon the Most Import
ant Topics of the Hour.
COliriI.ED EVERT DAY POE EVENING TELEGRAPH
England and the United States. .
From the Tribune.
The inefficiency of the English Neutrality
laws was, on the night of February 23, the sub
lect of an earnest discussion in the Easlish.
House of Commons. Mr. Labouchere, the new
liberal member for Windsor, conclusively
showed that the English law had proved utterly
inadequate to enable England to fulfil her in
ternational obligations towards the United
States, and he therefore demanded tho revision
t such a law in the interest of humanity. As
to the main point, the metliciency of the law,
nearly au tne speakers, including tne Attorney
General, were agreed with Mr. Labouchere; bnt
opinions widely differed as to whether the Ameri'
can law was lnpoiatol suflicioncv sunenor to
the English. The discussion, especially the speech
ot ine Attorney-uenerai, turned ror a Bi-eat part
aijain upon tho Alabama case, iepeatlnc mostly
the argumentation with which both countries
nave long been laniular. The Hnglisu Govern
ment is anxious to avoid the discussion of these
Questions by Parliament, and seems to expect
more from diplomatic negotiations. The Attoi
nev-Ueuerai rearmed tne discussion or the neu
tralitv laws, because "no nubr.c advantage could
arue irom it." in tne same war. Mr. (.ladsiono
expressed rejrret at the introduction of a discus
sion concerning the Fenians, which ho regarded
as "most inopportune." Une member (Mr. ffat
k.D) wltibed to know way tke American Govern
iient had taken no steps to discouutenance the
Fenian movement; and another (Otwuv) thouzh
that representations ought at onco to be made at
wastnuRton; Dut air. uiaustone very eagerly uc
tended the course of the American Government.
an denied that thus far any public act had been
committed caitinz tor tne lntertercnce of Eng
land, t ne ungnsn uauinet is anxious, above all
to avoid any new excitement bttween ihe two
cr untries: and as to the settlement of the ol
difficulties it Is, for the present, patiently waiting
lor --tun.uiuiug iu iuiu up.
Mr. Covode tiets Heard at Last. '
Frm the Tribune.
When the President, in response to a resolu
tion, transmitted to the Senate the reports of
General Grant and General Bchurz, he stated
that no report had been received from the Hon.
John Covode. In view of the testimony of Mr.
Ccvode, we think that the President's statement
will be deemed, to say the least, disingenuous.
Mr. Covodo test i tie. that ho prepared a written
report expressly for tho President, entitled
"Louisiana Politically Considered:" that he took
it to the President, tocether with the doeuueius
belonging to it; that he read part or it to the
President; and that, at the suggestion of the
President, be tiled that report with its accom
panying papers in the War Office. Report and
papers have since disappeared nobody knows
where or how. But inasmuch as the Senate
resolution called by name for Mr. Covode's ro
port, the President would have answered with
more precision had he stated tho facts as no v
given by Mr. Covode. To say briefly that "no
report had been received," does Beetu a lutle in
consistent with the I act.
Judpiua from the evidonre of Mr. Covode
betoro the Reconstruction) Committee, we shouU
say that his report, had it been duly given to
the public whou called tor, would nave tnati
rially atl'ec'.od public opinion of the Pres id. nc's
restoration policy. Mr. Covode is well known;
ho went South c:iamred with an oillolal investi
gation into the state of public eelr.ii; ne ox
a mined deliberately, and hU concisions are
entitled to consideration. They aro entirely op
posed to immediate readuiuiiou of the Rebel
States into the Lniou, and they coulrin previous
testimony in a quite romrkable manner.
Jt is well known ihat .Mr, Koi-t a. Pi vor ("
Robel General) h:is stud that tor sum:; tiuit
afkr tho surrender of Lee tho temper of the
South was so submissive that thoy would have
accentod, without a mnrmur, negro suffrage as a
condition of readmission. In tact, the Uobels
did about that time realize that they bad been
whipped, and exofcted to trike such terms as
their conquerors chose to grant. That Is what
I'rvor save, and no must no neemed a competent
and credible witness to the point. Mr. Covode,
so late as June and July, was in Louisiana, and
saw much of tho army which Kirbv Smith hud
sorrendered, conversing Ireely with both officers
and men of that force. "1 was surprurd," says
Mr. Covode, "to find how docile and submissive
1hey were:"
In no single Instance, either thnro or on the
Mcaintioat whore 1 travelled with tliom did I Lear
any bitter or unkind foo Ibj exprood towards tbe
Government, the roneral expression imoni them
was that thoy wore whipped and well whipped,
teat tney were mail tho w ar was ovir. anil wore
readv to come back under the old tiatr, and submit to
what was renuired of them. Many of tho mjro in-
telliKCht moa of the army said their leaders had
made a great mislxko In goinc into tho Itebellloa
agaitift the Government; that thov should have
ren amed in toe Union and endeavored to accom
plixli their purports by political means, in winch,
ttiev raid, they couid have leen nuroot the aid of
the Northern lemocrts; that by prcclpitat'a ths
Kete'lion they baii tied the h:indi ot their Northern
friends. To all api enianecs, tlie nion of tho annr
had not the remotest expectation ol being i,un
mtruved with political power and uiivituvei, at
least lor some titue."
We believe there Is no doubt thit Mich was
then the General s-eiitiinunt ot ' tbu South ; tiiey
"had not the remotest expectation of bein? aain
enirtL-tetl with political power nnd privilege, at
ljast lor pome time." (Vrtaiulv. tbev had no
"expectation," nor tho remotest dream, of die
tntiiic tiims of loaUtaiSjion. Thev kuuv how
they would bare treated the North in similar
circumstances; thev looked tor like troutin -nt
lioni the North. What changed llieni f We
all reweniher that the temper ot the oath
did undergo about tbut time n crcat chause.
So far as I.ouiftiana is concerned, Mr. Covodo'a
tes-timony supplies an explanation. He went
down to Now Orleans, mauy of Kirby Smith's
men gointj also. Governor Wells, 'of Loui
siana, had just returned from Washington,
aad a public meetinp was called fo hear his
report. He went to the rnicctin.tr aud madi a
speech, in which he stated tlmt he had seen
tho 1'rrsldcnt, who was a Southern man and a
Demon at, and that Mr. Johnson would be a
bulwark between the South and Northern Aboli
tionists and fiinaticisni. He maCe open Iss 10
against the former administration ot Mr. Lin
coln, churrintc it with the contraction ol an
enormous debt, etc., and claiming that the ad
ministration ot Mr. Johnson would be of u very
diflerei.t character." Mr. Covode belie-cd tiien
that Governor Wells misieprosentod the
purposes of President Johnson. Governor
Well?, however, lresh from his con
sultations with Mr. Johnson, abandoned
the loyal party that elected htm, removed
from office the loyal appointees ot Governor
Hahn, filled their places with tho worst clas of
Rebels, and from that day to this baa done his
unnost to throw the political power of the State
again into tb hands ot the men who in lsGO
took it out of the Union, in dctianco of a ma
jority of tho people. Mr. Covode stayed in
Louisiana long enough lo observe the develop
ment of this policy, cumo hack to Wahinjzton,
and reported that Governor Wells ourIU to be
removed. The result was that tho President
suppressed his report, kept Governor Wells in
office, and to-day disloyalty rules supreme in
Loutsiana. If there is' any more instructive
lesson in reconstruction, wc know not whera it
is to be found.
The Fenian movement and English In
consistency. From th Jlcrald.
The latest news from England and from
Canada shows that a terrible state of alarm
exists both in the mother country and ber
American provinces on the Fenian question.
There may be some reason for this alarm in
tiw of the fact that tho British Government
have been compelled to declare Ireland in a
state of revolution, and that the provincial
Government in Canada has suddenly ordered
out ten thousand militia to protect that colony
from an anticipated attack ot the Fenlins. To
w hatever danger the British catpirc at home
and abroad may bo exposed is a matter which
concerns its rulers, and no one ehse. If tuey
have permitted a condition ot affairs in Ireland
to reach a point which, makes Insurrection a
ixedfact, that is their own affair. Wnen we
were at war with our rebellious States, Eujiland
was on the side of the enemy; but we fouehi our
own battle successfully, not only atralnst the
South but against its ally England. It would
bp ear. from certain indications in the British
press, that our Government is likely to be asked
to interior in suppressing Feniauisra In Amen :a.
We might suppose that accuse of consistency
would prevent tho Government of England from
making any such requisition, and we opine tht
it any proposition ot this kind should be made,
it will tie regarded, and very Justly, as the most
impudent and shameless one that ever emanated
from any government, considering tho position
that Eneiaud assumed towards tnu country
during the Rebellion.
Twelve months have not elapsed since some
of the most prominent men iu England, even
members of the Government, were contributors
to. the Confederate loan, the sinews of war to be
employed against our nationality, nr. .Laird,
occupying a position in the uoubo ol Commons,
was then daily addressing the representative
body of the Enirlish people aud at the same
time building privateers to prey upon American
commerce. Karl Russell grasped at the first
opportunity lo recoarnie belligerent rights in
rebellious section of this country, and thus
threw the whole weight of his Government
acainst us. Nothing: which the most un
trieudly nation could degir wan left undone
by Great Britain to support rebellion in
the United States, and destroy our Govern
ment, and yet we are told that an lnipu
dent demand is about to be made upon our
Government now to obstruct a movement of
the Irish people to accomplish an object in a
portion of the British Empire which the Gov
ernment of Great Britain lent all its power.
covertly aud openly, to assist when similar plans
were . on loot in this couatry. And while the
anaiocy between the two cases is very strong
in some points, how widely ditiereat it Is, in
others! Do we see any prominent Ameri
cans takintr part in this Fenian movement?
Are any of our lending men purchasers of the
bonds of the contemplated Irish republic? Are
our nuembers of Congress unions the fore-
mobt to lend their aid to the movement? Is
any member of our Government implicated In
it, as the members of the British Government
and Parliament, and the men representing the
larcest commercial interests in Groat liritain,
were found on the side of tho Southern Con
federacy? Not at all. So far the Fenian move
ment ia con sued to the Irish portion of our
population, who have adopted this country as
tneir nome, wtta a view to tne amelioration ot
Ireland. Whetbor their aims are crowned with
surce, or overwhelmed with failure, they are
undertaken at their own risk. Whether they
strike in Ireland or make a diversion in Canada,
the dancer and the ruk are with themselves.
If England is alarmod, aad Canada is excited
with tear, is that any reason why we should
interfere to soothe their distressed fenllngs?
Most of the men en r aired in the r eman move
ment fought under the flair of this country
aaaiasi the rebellious South and its English ally.
If they are disposd to confront tho power of
England now upon another field, that is their
own business, not ours. When thev commit an
overt act iDvolviny the neutrulity of this Gov
ernment; when they send privateeis to sea, as
England sent the t-Iu nan'loa'i, to destroy our
helpless whaler, it will be time enough for our
Government to intcrtere, and we are certain
that it will not leave iteli open to any objection
as to tho strict observance of neutrality. But to
ask iih to become a detective policu in this mat
ter of Irish discontent and English mlsrulo, is a
piece oi impudence which, considering all the
circuiUf-tances connected wl.u th policy that
Eneland purvned towanls this country oi lte,
ouiilit to be denounced.
Congress and Its PlscnsMons A Rose
Water View.
From the Timet.
The fact that Congress lins, ever since this
session commenced, been almost exclusively
occupied In the discussion of the varied
phases of the various questions appertaining
to political reconstruction, has unquestionably
saved its from much other foolish, irritating,
nnd perilous talk upon other subjects that it is
very important should not be foolishly agitated
especially at the proent time. We know
quite well Irom circumstances of the past, and
indications of the present, the same' bad tem
per. Illiberal spirit, and heated passions which
have been brought to the tretm?nt of our
Southern relations, would have been displayed
by the same part-cs in dealing with other uio-
lentous andvit:il quesilo-ns of national con
cern. Ana we enn seo that more immedl ito If
not greater public calamities mluht have resulted
from tne ugitation of these questions in this
fashion limn b;iv ih vet arisen from the nolitJ.
cal turmoil. Furthermore, while Concrrcss bus
laid aside all ct'.icr fundamental questions tor
tho discussion ol tbis one, it has given oppor
tunity to more tli.m one of the executive denart-
nients of the Governwieiit, not only to cairy on
important moor wituoui aaningtng embarrass
ment, but to advance them to stag's whore they
are les liable to miller from passion and folly.
iooKintr at. ntiairs tn thin wav. wo discern the
operation of tho exeat philosophical "law ol
conipenpRt'on' w nich plays so profound s rote in
tne regulation ol human history.
t!nly scoriKl t, our Soutuern relations in
nationul importance and public interest is tho
question ol our toreien relations. With France.
at all event?, they have required skillul ond
delicate, as well ns firm and diem tied treHtmeat.
Hie position of tbc French Emperor In Mexico
is an eaibarrassii's olc for him. ".lust let him
get out of it at once P cries the I'o.-f. Not so
simple we reply. You cannot always gt O'lt of
u i'1'nuiuu luuijuu uuve iiiscuvercci to oe a iaise
one In that way. Once in tho Serborman bog
escape Is not so easy. He had many considera
tions to take mm account, mauv points to es
tablish, end many thinsrs to pnt atralnst others,
belore ho could set about a change ol policy
upon a public matter o nearly afiectiiur
his fortunes a this. In the last three
months wo have had the turninz-point
of the whole matter. His Majesty has
been immensely exercised. The thought of
evacuation wan tm extremely disaicrcouble ono
to him, and Mr. Seward had taturlit him that .
the tda ot remaining was a, palpubiv perilous
one. He had perused and repcrused the vo
luminous despatches of the Secretary, had
conned their periods, cogitated over their rea
sonings, and felt himself giving way before their
force.' The replies he made throurh Dronyn de
Lhuys grew weaker and weaker, and finally a
lew weeks ago lie publicly acknowledged bis
willingness and his purpose to evacuate Mexico.
Uur Government had diplomatically and peace
fully effected a great result, or had got it put iu
me way oi oeitg eoecieu; ana tne to leading
powers of the world were saved from the threat
ened danger of a war, which had it come, would
assuredly nave ncen one ot tne Dioodiest that
ever Incarnadined) the earth and its waters.
During the few mouths thai ail this was in the
critical process of consummation. Congress was
engaod in hotly debating whether to admit the
Southern delerut.es.
We believe it to have been singularly for
tunate that it was ,"o. Had the Franco-Mcxlcuu
question been imroduced on the first day of the
session in December last; had resolutions been
passed demanding tho iuetant evacuation ot
Mexico, or threatening war in caso of refusal;
had the halbs rebounded with denunciations of
the Emperor and his policy and his army; had
the popular feeling been inflamed, and had tne
hllibusters on the Rio Grande (whom some of
our journals defended) been permitted to con
tinue their Bagad revelries; does any one supposo
that our relations with Franco would at thisdny
have been as they are, or that Napoleon would
have proclaimed his purpose of leaving Mexico
in deferenee to our wishes? Nay, have we not
learned by the manifestations of feeling iu
France (not in Government circles or the Corps
Legislatil'merely, but among the people atlarge),
when, on the publication of the official corre
spondence with our Government, it was dis
eovered how Napoleon and his schemes of French
aggrandisement had been thwarted, that the
French nation at largo would have energetically
Eupaortcd him in a peremptory refusal to evacu
ate at all under such circumstances? It is not
tl.ut we have the least fear of the ultimate result
of a war with France or any other power or
combination of powers that we reoice at what
our Government hns so quietly effected in this
line, but that we ore advocates of peace wherever
it is practicable, and believe statesmanship to be
a nobler political force than arms.
Equally important to the nation, in another
direction, i9 tne question ot the public tinauces. -They
have been marvelouly strengthened dur
ing the last three months. Tho enhancement
of the public credit, tbo fall in tha price of gold,
the rise in our tocurities in Europe, tho en
larged purchasing power of currency, give but
imperfect indications of the value of tho im
provements which have been brought about by
the ability ot Seeietary McCullougli. Each of
his monthly bulletins has come to us like
Grant's bulletins of victory. He has hardly
had more than time to draw his lines of
cireumvallation around our financial Rich
mond, and already, he has placed the nation
in a position where it has nothing to fear for
the future. His most hopeful exhibits have
been siuce the meeting of Congress, aud the
most hopeful of them all la the latest. He
sent lr, in December lost, his request tor the
passage of certain measures that would still
further aid him iu his work. But Congress
hns had all it could attend to in debating the
question of the admission of Southern mem
bers, and neither action nor discussion has
yet taken placo upon them. We earnestly de
sire their prompt passage; but yet we can
hardly regret that the tiuaucinl question was
not made the 1 ut sobject ot debate in the
setrlon. We l.ave uot ftrgottei some of the
bills of last session, and wc can never lorget
some of tho speeches; while their effocta, too,
we shall not cease to remember. We fear that
it the mad-caps had taken the lead this year as
we cannot avoid tearing they would have done
and had the people been steadily eneaged in
perusing their bills and resolutions and speeches
every day for the lat three months, not a few
of them would have lound reason for the
thought that we are on the vergre of bankruptcy,
and that only ihe passaire of a hudred concilia
tory measures would save us trom immediate
ruiu. Gold would not have got to the point
where it is, nor would bonds have been where
they are, nor would it have been possible for Ihe
Secretary to propccute as successfully as he has
the measures which are working such beneficent
result!.
Bnt if, after what we have written, any one
fancies wo are les anxious to seeure the politi
cal reconstruction of the Union, or that we
would in any way undervalue the grand fnnc
tion of Congress in our governmental economy,
he wrongs oar argument as well is, himself.
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