THE DAILY EVENING TELEGRAPH. rillLADELPHIA, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY G, 1866.
THE NEW YOHK PEES3.
Editorial Opinions of the Leading
Journals Upon the Most Import"
ant Topics of the Hour.
COM TILED KVKRY DAT FOR EVEHIKO TEtKOBATH.
Iknnnclation ol Congress.
From the Jtibune. . ..
Tbo XXXJXth Congress bas now been two
month! In secfiou. It has not acted with tht
energy and decision which the state of our cur-,
rency, .finances, and taaei Imperatively requires.
Whatever la to be done with regard to these
should have been promptly done, so that Indus
try and business miaitit hare adjusted themselves
to the policy ot the Government,' Instead pf
being exposed to ship wreck through non-conformity.
Men are buying, hirinir, renting lor
the year before us; and any groat change here
after made at this session wlH bear hardly on
thousands. Yet changes must be made. We
must get back to solvency forthwith; for an
unsound currency Is always a grave paril, and
may at any moment evoke a whirlwind of com
mercial disaster. Tbere is no safety but In get
ting back to a currency at par witn specie at the
earliest moment. How lonr it will take to
roach this end, is a question; it may take years,
as some say. or months only, as we think; but
tbere should be no delay in initiating vigorous,
determined dibits to net baK to hard-prfn so
soon as maybe. Unavoidable Insolvency na
misfortune only; calculatad, persistent, pur
posed Insolvency, is at once a blunder, a poi.l,
and a crime.
But Congress Is not assailed for its laches with
regard to the currency, but lor its earnest cnd a
vors to render the lreedom of four millions Just
released trom lile-ioug bondage substantial and
abiding not lor its oisregard of the public faith,
but for its devotion thereto. For years, the
champions ot slavery have been warniug us that
the liberation ot the slaves would result in their
extermination that they would be iar worse otf
in lreedom than in bondage that they would be
ground to powder under the hcelol "the superior
race," 11 they should ever be deprives of the pro
tection afforded them by the interest and atlec
tion of their masiers. And there are many tacts
occurring at the South which prove these admo
nitions not wholly idle. Leave the blacks of the
Fouth to such protection us the ruling caste Is
disposed to accord them, and as is evinced in
the burning of their school-houses, In the legis
lative denial ol their light to testify In court?,
and In conspiracies to refuse them theprivilege ot
buying of renting lands, and they may very pos
sibly be brought to regret that they wero evei
guided "out ol the house ot bondage."
Mr. liumbull's two bills to enlarge the pow
ers of the Frcedmen's Bureau, and to protect all
the American people in their natural civil
rights are notoriously demanded by and
adapted to our existing stats of facts. If tne
laws and usages ol the Southern States were
hist and equal, they would bo " superfluous.
They' are needed simply because at the South a
block man, solely because he is black, is denied
the common rights. of human beings is treated
as having no right that whites are bound t j
respect. The laws t the South, and still more
the dominant oolnion and spirit of the South,
treat the blacks as brutes rather than men. All
this will pass awav: but. meantime, a good many
of the humbler race will be starved or lasnsd to
death, unless Coiizresri shall protect them. Th'.i,
and nothine more, is what Mr. Trumbull's bills
aim to do what they seem admirably calculated
to do: and Conirre9 is not merely iustltlei in
passing them it could not fail to do so without
a gross ana cruel violation 01 pumic raitn.
Kow. look strain at the Constitutional Amend'
ment. which has passed the House, and which
we trust will soon pass the Senate, and see what
It provides:
"Artiole . Representative shall be apportioned
among the several btates which mar be included
wllhiu the Union accordion to their reMioettvenuui'
bert , counting tbe whole number of persons in each
btala, excluding Indians not taxed: provided, that
wbonever tbe Cieetive franchise shall be domed or
abridged in an v State, on account ot race orco or
all persons of suoh race or eo or shall be excluded
Irom tbe basis of representation."
What is uronq in this article? What Is
harsh. Droscriuttve. or opuressive? South Caro
hna sees tit to suv. "Negroes have no ricrht to
. form a portion ot our body politic; we will not
educate their children: nor seek to Qualify them
tor a beneficent exercise of the right of sufi'rar.e;
nor let them vote." "Very well, then," says
Congress, "your blacks shall count at your own
ebtrmate of their capacities in making up your
basis of representation in Congress; and so with
those of every State." It this is not fair ard
equal, what could be? Is it not monstrous to
insist that they shall have no voice in public
aflairs, yet that those who stifle that voice, and
insiht tout it is untit to be heard, shall enjoy
double power on their account lour millions ot
blacks atlording the basis whereon blaoks are to
be kept dumb and lettered eveimore r
It there ever was a propcntion truly con
servative, we claim that character for this
amendment. It leaves the rigut of suffrage to
be regulated by the States; but it supplies tnem
with the strongest motives for regulating it
wisoly, Justly, humanely. It purs the rights of
every race or caste under the guardianship ot
a force as potent and pervasive ai eruvnution.
It can be denounced and abused: but who has
seen an attempt ta prove it tin lair or unlust ?
And yet the daiiy press of this ciiy almo3t
unanimously assails Congress as though it ware
a gathering of lunatic or fiends, .and compares
the leading membcid with those demngoguej
whose names are blackened with the execration
of history. Our sham neutrals are all at the
head of the hunt, vielng with the Dally News
In tbe fiercer ess of their d'atriues. - Never before
was a Congress eo villiued; and hardly ever was
oue wnicn bad so little deseived it.
The impulse to these senseless invectives
largely supplied bv our imoorttne interest.
which sees no prespect of breaking down the
protective features of our Tariff, unless the
Uuionist party can be overwhelmed by an In
troduction ot tne ex-uebeis tnto contrr.'ss in tne
greatest possiDle loicu, joined with a Copperhead
revival at tbo N01J1 which shall brintrthe atlilii
atcd factions into power. Then the Tariff must
be recast to suit the interest-i of foreign rivalry
te our mines and lactories, and heap of money
coined by the importers prior to the grand
smash certain to follow. But the coalition has
not j et triumphed. . . ;
Aflalis In the South Tbe Adjustment of
Natters between Employers and the Em
ployed. From Vie Timet. ,
To justify their continued warlare upon the
South, tbe radicals find it necessary to allege tbe
existence of a hostile, unmanageable spirit
among the people lately in rebellion, and of
a disposition to bear unjustly and even cruelly
upon the colored population. Both allegations
are essential to the radical programme. Let it
be once admitted that throughout tbe South a
sincere acceptance of Federal authority prevails,
and that a genuine determination exL-ts to work
well under the altered circumstances of the war,
and the pains and penalties which the agitators
propose would not admit of defense from their
or any other standpoint. So also It must be
understood that tbe nesroea are Improperly
treated by those who were recently tbeirowners
that neither local law nor local teelinsr renders
It possible for the negroes to hope for fnlr-play
or various measures already betore Congress, or
soon to le mere, wouia on me instant Docome
od'ous,
There Is. then, a necessity lor watching sedu
lously and analyzing carefully the evidence
which Irom time to time bnds its wav into nriut.
lu the ludgment of ordinary peoplo, the policy
01 the lCxecutkve probably affords conclusive
te timony. With regard to th general preva
Irnreof loyalty, certainly this shonld be uffl
cient. At every stage of his courite the Pre!
dent bas evinced bis anilely to secure all reason-.
able guarantees. lie has taken nothing tor
granted. In every instance he has exacted
pledges of good faith and good intentions on the
part of tbe people. More familiar than roost
men with the dangorous spots in the orgnlia-
tton or southern pontics ana-Bouinrn souuy,
before and during the Rebellion, he has been
careful to advise the adoption ol measures calcu
lated to assure the country ihat henceforward
there need be little anxiety with regard to the
relations of Southern State governments to tne
Union.
And the nrnmnt tuda w th which tne?e mea-
surei were acceded to by the South tho desire
manlfPBted 1n -tLe majority or iniincnrnrno-
nuiMcft -in - mitroestioDS dealcnea to establish
cordial relations between the two sections the
enactment Ot legal provisions to -wnion tne
strongest renasnance mlcut have been anttol-
pated are oonsidera'ions by which the Presl-
dent nas. coniecuiy, uien trreati.v uuiueiim-u.
and which should propai ly sway tne opinions ol
the Union party. For the presumption is that
In each ease the President based his proceedings
upon information derived Irom ofliolale whose,
lot ally and fitness could not be impugned. No
better facilities lor obtaining iacts could be had
than those allowed D7 tne provisional liovern-
mcnts, whose administrators had no motive to
paint In inappropriate colors the position and
purposes of the cunmunitles by which they were
respectively surrounded. Of course a certain
class of radicals would have preferred the selec
tion ot Provisional Governors irom tbe lt-t ot
expectant mi'itary heroes who, during the war,
wonnnowu every wnere out on me uauie-neiu.
But the country, which hus little faith In the
shoulder-straps which judiciously keep beyond
the range ot bullets, was, we apprehend, entirely
satisfied with the choice of civilians to superin
tend the provisional administration or state
aflairs. And as every one of these not only pos
sessed an intimate knowledge of popular feeling
in bis own State, but pocsessed a reputation for
attachment to tbe Union wh ch, though oltea
availed, never was tarnished, we may assume
that ho formed the best possiblo medium tor con-
vevinit to the President correct impressions as
tLe foundation of subsequent Executive action.
AsaiUnir the policy ot tbo Prosuent, however,
the more ultra ot the radicals have called la
question the accuracy of the information upon
which he relied for guidance. To this end Oon
giess is favored almost every alternate day with
passages from the letters of unkbown. Irrespon
sible parties, whose a vermen o are in some man
ner made uniformly to tally with the views of
those who believe in the subjugation of the
Southern whites and the divine ncht of the
Southern blacks to power and pre-eminence. It'
is or no avail that tor every one ol these anony
mous writers counter-statements may be had
trom Southern citizens of known repute. The
latter are ot little avail as against the one great
hobby. Newspaper correspondents, too. are
paraded as witnesses before waom President
Johnson and his Provisional Governors cannot
stand.
It matters not that -for every aspersion cast
upon the South by emi'sarlcs sent there id the
tmorost ol the agitators, a vindication or the
South may be hail trom letters published in
other journals, from the pens of acknowledged
character and intelligence. The practice is to
ignore the vast mass ot puDiisneu correspond
ence, tending to sho w the gradual but apoarently
genuine adaptation of the Southern people to
the new orucr of thincr-i, and the growth of
proper industrial relations between the whites
and the blacks. Thus the evwience aunraed tn
our own columns bv writers whose every letter
indicates extensive observation, lamiliarity with
tacts, and a powerot discriminating brtween the
pretended and the true, goes for nothing in the
radical mind, as compared witn scrap) cuiied
trom nameless sheets, conducted by parlies in
tent upon nothing but the promotion of the dis
organizing policy.
But General Grant should he nqt be accepted
as a creditable witness? May we not rely upon
the conclusions arrived at by one whose career
has been distinguished by devotion to the Union,
and sgaiust whom none has yet ventured to pre
fer the charge of partisanship? May we not
trust to his determination to perfect the work of
extinguishing the Rebellion, and to take care
that the restoration of the Union shall be so
thorough as to be enduring? Surely, if any man
is entitled to be heard respectluiy, and as an
authority upon matters coming under his profes
sional observation, it is General Grant. And
what be savs upon the subject the country
knows. In his judgment, the work of the war is
virtually ended. The South, as ho seea it.accepts
the situation, and gives satisfactory indications
of renewed loyalty. He regards the authority
of the . Union as re-established there, and the
subsections he offers for utilizing the small
remainder ot the military force-in connection
with tbe business of the Freedmen's Bureau,
proves that in his judgment the onc-sidedness of
the Northern negro worshipper is the most for
midable obstacle to the adjustment of difficul
ties between the two races.
What do the radicals say in reolv to General
Grant It were too much to expect ot them
the adoption of his version of facts, or the aban
donment of their erusade ii conformity with
his opinions. A counter-witness is needed, and
they have him on hand. Mr. Caii Schurz i"Jthe
man: by courtesy, General Schurz. Take him as
an authority, and we must consider the ciihi
paignn of Graut, Bheiuian, Sheridan, and
Thomas failures, so iar as the restoration of
the Union is concerned.
Does anybody doubt the difference in the de
grees of authority which the country attaches to
the declarations of opinions of these two wit
nesses ? Is it pretended thqj Carl Suhurz isl a
closer observer, a clearer thinker, a more im
partifcl jud'je, a better patriot, than General
Grant ? Is it alleged that Carl Schurz Is a more
vigilant guardian of the proocss of restoration,'
on constitutional principles, than Gsneral
Grunt? On the contrary, is not the conviction
all but universal that whilo Grant is a patriot
Schurz is a mete partan? that while Grant,
kappilj independent ot parties, desires nothine:
more than the reassertum of Unlou authority
over the outh and the quickest possible ac
ceptance by the South ot tbe logical sequences
of the war, Schurz is the mouthpiece or thise
who would reduce tbe Southern States to the
ccudition of conqured provinces?
It is further noticeable that while several of
the partisan, non-righting, bomb-proof heroes of
the wor insls; upon the desperate state of atiVtirs
in the South, every real hero w ho has yet been
heard from subHtantlally agrees with the con
elusions or General Grant, nnd indirectly bin
decidedly exhibits the success ot the President's
policy. '
Geiieral Sherman is one of our latest wit
nesses. His report ot affairs in the department
ot Arkansas, commumchtcd to tbe Senate on
Frlduy, embodies representations which should
have the carciul attention of every Conserva
tive in and out of Congress. "So far as my
observation goes," wiites the gallant soldier.
"there is perfect satisfaction lelt by all
classes of ptople. escept on the part of a very
few, who are looking to future combinations
involving the locsl and unimportant State
offices." And what of the radical etoiieei con
eerning the treatment et necroesr General
Bhefman . shall nswer: "rue negroes in
Arkansas can all And profitable and lucrative
employment, and are protected. in all their
rights and property by the civil authorities. I
met no one citizen or soldier who questioned
or doubted that their freedom was as well as
sured ill Arkansas as in Ohio." Could more in
the meuntinie be desired ? Is it not enough that
the negro so 'recently a slave is no w protected
in his lreedom, offered opportunities to labor on
his own, account, and assured of propar privi
leges in, civil .courts? Oris equality to give
filaee to negro superiority, In accordance with
he idea that the nearo troops pot down the Re
bellion, and so put to shame the legions of white
soldiers to whom the fictions of history have
hitherto awarded praise?
The intorma) testimony of another witness
we printed jewterday. We refer to two order
addressed to the colored people of Mississippi
by Colonel Thomas, the officer charged with the
atlhlraof the Freedmen's Bureau in that Sute.
Both ol these documents refer to contract ) for
labor during the present vear, and are valuable
because showing that any suffering of the
negroes in Mississippi arises from their aver
sion to sjstcmaUo lubor. Colonel Thomas j
P' ints out tho duty of tbe white employers in '
the prcmijes, and urges upon them the expedi
ency ol educating the Ircedman up to the stand
ard of usefulness as a citizen. On the othor
hand, be remtnds the freedmen of the necessity
of laboring for themselves, instead of relying
upon tbe bounty ot the National Government.
"I often hear," he says, "that you are crowding
into towns, rclue to hire out, and are waiting
to see what the Government will do for you."
He tells them, morecver: "IJknow you can get
good wages, with considerate employers, who
will treat you well nd pay for all yoa do."
And be onunscls them to enter into contracts
to work for. their living, obey the laws, pay no
attention to mlschlot-makers, and rply (upon
the Frei Oman's Bureau lor protection only so
long as tbev are deserting ol it. .
The inierences suggested by these' orders aro
very plsln. Evidently, the obstacle to mi pi ove
meut in tho condition of tbe fieedman In Missis
sippi is bis own aversion to steady employment
And this aversion as evidently proceeds from
niifccoiiceptions conveyed by emissaries of North
ern agitators.
But what w ill now be said of Colonel Thomas?
Gentlemen ol the Fred. Douglass stripe will
forthwith denounce him as the enemy of the
colored race. We know how malignantly and
pcisisteiitly Pnsident Johnson has been abused
lor having snnpested to discharged negro troops
the necefelty ol working steadily, and so proving
themselves worthy ot recognition as citizens.
That advice has been held to be an outrage upon
the negro's right to do nothing, and we suppose
is cne ot the counts ot the indictment under
which Andrew Johnson is to bo tried as a
"traitor " "tyrant," and "usurper." Is it proba
ble that Colonel Tboaias will fare bettor? We
expect to bear him denounced inContrress within
a week, and a call made lor his head by outride
dniRsocnes.
hatcver fate befall the author of these orders,
tbe leson they convey will tot bo lost upon the
country. They chow bow difficulties on the
labor question oi imnatc, and where the rojpDn-
sibilitv lor sunering belongs. And thev furnish
a rebuke to those in Congress who, under the
pretence ot protecting the ireedmen. sre encour
nging them in Idleness, and laying tho founda
tion of difficulties from which they will be the
greatest suncrers
Tbe Troubles ot England, France, and
Spniu ltcttibution Comes at La.sL
From the Ilirald.
Fiance, Lngland, and Spain conspired against
the United Slates when this country waj in the
tbrofs of civil war. Our national existsnce as
one -power was seriously imperilled, republican
institutions were undergoing the severest trial,
and that gvand destiny which we believed Pro
vidcnce had promised to us Fcemed ai if it were
about to be cut short. In this, the darkest hour
of our history, the three powers named com
Lined to uive us an unfriendly kick in the dark,
with a view of coaiplttinfr our ruin and cutting
shoit our glorious career. The successful ex
ample of republican institutions on this couti
pent was a standing reproach to monarchy, aris.
tocraey, oligarchy, and class government in the
tnu world. 1 he oppresned people there began
to can their eves across tho Atlantic and coui'
pare this irep government and great and happy
laud with their own countiics. , The comparison
could have no other effect than to make them
dissatisfied and to long lor a change in toeir
own institutions ana condition. Tneir raters
had the t ague it. y to see this, and feared the con
sequences to themselves.
These mouarchs and privileced classes, doubt
less, would nave, taken steps before to hae
clipped the wings of the soa'iug eale of repub
Pcau Amenca baa they darea Ij do so, or
would have lound a pretext, but tbey were not
able. W hen, however, wo were plunged in oivtl
wartnev relieved tueir opportunity hud come
and they were not slow to take advantage of it,
We do not know yet, and may never know, what
were the terms of this secret alliance or under
standing among the Furopcan powors, o how
many ot them entered into it. Some, it n pro
bable, as Itussia, and sorof of the smaller Suit -3.
who baa nothing to fear Irom the growth of the
republic, ana who bad always beun friendly to
us, were not parties to the hostile combination,
But we know, from the act ot England. France,
acd Spain, that they proceeded in accord with
each other in the general pjlicy laid down or
understood.
En land hastily recognized the Rebels as belli
gerents. giving an example tor other powers to
lollow, and cheerfully consented to tbe spolia
tion and destruction of our sister American re
publics, thus aiming a blow at republican gov
ernment over the entire continent. France, or
rathtr tho Emperor Napoleou for we make a
distinction between him and the French people
undertook to blot out the republic of Mexico
and to erect a monarchy on its ruins. Spain
combined with him at first in this great national
outrage, and tiuaby took upon herself a separate
ro.t in attacking tbe other republics of America.
These were the prti which each of the three
powers to this most unholy alliance, conspiracy,
or combination took, and in which two at least
have not et ceased ucting. True, they disa
greed about the spoils soon after they commenced
to carr y out the programme, one trving to over
reach the other, but each continued to be moved
by the same spirit ' of hostility to the United
States and to republican institutions on the Ame
rican continent.
Now they are suffering the fate of nil who
follow Mind ambition and ijaore the principles
of light aid justice. Influenced by their own
passions and selfish policy, regardless of the
well-being of the mastes of mankind, these
monarchical and aristocratic rulers listened to
false prophets and believed a lie. They were
told that the great republic was broken up,
never to be restored, and they believed it. But
it was not written so in the book of fat, which
was closed to their eyes. The republic is pre
rerved, and is stronpor and mightier than ever.
The ripple which a few agitating fanatics make
in our domestic political affair.) will be calmed
down soon, and wo shall bscome more firmly
united than heretofore. Our destiny, so far
from being circumscr.bcd or arrested by the
events ot the last few yearti, is enlarged. We
have leomed up to bo tbe first power of the
world. On tbe other hand, thoe who combined
against us are full of trouble. The thoru is in
their side. Ketribation has followed them.
England is sorely disturbed both in the United
Kingdom and in her colonies by Fenianlsm. A
rebel apparition haunt her slumbers now. A
widespread organization which was sneered at
a lew months ago turns out not to bo so con
temptible, and no one can toll ho v serious it
may become. There are, too, other latent
causes of trouble both in Canada and Australia.
Tbe financial conditiou of tbe kingdom also is
evidently in a verv deranged condition. Then
there is the difficulty with thisconntry about tbe
ATgio-uobel claims hanging over tier.
Whh leuard to Franco, the very measures the
Emperor Napoleon took to chock tho United
'Mates and to increavs his power in America
have proved his greatest trouble The lruit
bus turned to asbes in his mouth. He bas be
come aware that hecaunot remain la Mexico,
and that his experiment of erecting an empire
and making au emperor is a failure. He Joes
not know how to pet out of the dilemma with
out dtse race. The loss of his prestige for saga'
city and statesmanship might materially weaken
his hold upon the French people and his power
In Europe, to say nothing of tbe cost ot his
effort to manufacture imperialism. All this
may stiengthen greatly the opposition, which
begins to show vitality, and, amid the revolu
tibnsry elements tbut are fermonting in Europe,
might cnduuuev his dynasty.' 'The retributive
baud ef Justice is raised over bis head, and
makes htm lecl very uneasy about this Mexican
business. Undoubtedly he wishes he had not
touched it.
As to poor Snnln. her quixotic part of the
European intervention w ith America is proving
equally aio.strous. cue curuc out oi the tst
Domingo affair, as well as out of ho Mexican.
in a huuiiliaiiiig maimer. Her uttack upon tne
republics ol South Aineiica is involvinsr her In
the ereatest difficulty. The prospect is that she
will be compelled to succumb in the struggle,
Under anv circumstances she cannot couio out
with credit. At home tho whole kin:iloiu is In
ferment of revolution.. Tile dynasty of Isa
bella Itself bangs upon fkslender thread. Thus,
we see. the avenging Nornesis pursues also this
other monarchical ctfnspitator against republi
can liberty. The United States is not only a
great republic in Itself, but is the represent atlve
ot republican ideas and of ireodom for the peo
ple ot ail. nations, ana anv assault upon our
Government.' onenlv or ln-idiouslv. must reooil
upon the assailants; for th' people everywhere
are our menus, ii ine crowned neaas ana privi
leged classes are not.
Tbe Pacific Rallrond Political nnd Ma
terial Development ol the Went.
From the World. ,
The marvellous mihcral wealth pf the Rocky
Mountains, especially tn the twopreoious metals
which have always been the darling objoots of
human cupidity, renders the speedy completion
of the Pacific IUilroad an enterprise of the first
magnitude.
Tbe through traffic on so long a line as that
between the Faciflc and the Mississippi could
never pay the exponscs of the road. But the
mining industry of the mountain regions will
immediately furnish a vast amount ot way busi
nets; and the rapid development of tho mines
consequent on the completion ot"che road will
stimulate agiicnltuie all. along the rouio by
furnishing a market tor its products. Colorado
is richer in the precious metals than Callioruia;
and tbe only reason why it has not filled up as
rapidly with inhabitants as California did in
lH'iH, is because it is not so ea"iiy aoccs
Bible. The cl"se of the war, and the re
lease of so many young men who have on
lurged their horizon of thought by traversing
immense distances, ana whose military me.
bas filled them with tbe spirit ot adventure, will
cause the tide ot emigration to set powcriully
towards those tempting regions. Jt is tor tun ate
for tbe country that, at tee close ot so great a
war, tbls magnificent field of enterprise Is newlv
opened, to drain off the restless spirits who
miebt otherwise disturb the p me of society,
Inured to hardship, adventure, and locomotion,
to inhale the open air. and gaze at wide pros
pects, they will find their old occupations in-
suueiabiy tame and irksome, and will naturally
swarm to tne mineral regions of the West. They
will there find scope for the courage, as well as
tbe hardiness of soldiors. Tbe remnants ol tbe
Indian tribes are scattered through these
regions, and with advancing civilization press
ing against them, both hast and West, they will
be likely to make a desperate effort to save their
race trom extinction.
So great are the attractions of that part of
the country, that, in spite of long and lonely
wagon roads, tho traffic tuither is already
amazing. The lollowinz interesting statements
are taken from the recent mess.ge ot Governor
Cummings, ot Colorado :
Probably no data could be col coted whiah would
show accurately the immense amount ot tralllo o
twen the E8t and the We-t, but 1 present bore a
lew iacts wuion wi.i suggest tne extent and import'
ance of it.
1 am informed that tbe keeper of a toll-bridpe on
the hauta 'e road, which traverses Southern Co o-
rado for a distauco of about 203 ml e, kept a rearlstor
ot tbe riumter ot men, warom, aud animsls engaged
in the transportation of freight on the road, lor the
six months ending November 20, 1865, aud roporia as
ionows:
Xv uuber of men employed 6197
Numbor of animals employed 45,850
l ounds of freight carriod 2(3,123,033
Irom thesinirie hou8 or the Overland De. patch
Couipanv alono wes shipped, from Atchison to
Denver Ctv, during tho Bevon montns ending De
cember 1, 1865, 8 070,0 .0 pounds, aud tbroura Coio
lino to t-tt Like too adaitiontl amount of 2 871 030
pounds, ltosidos this a vary lai ga nount of lrourht
lias bien itiipocd by other forwarding nouses, trom
Atchnon, ., I, Joseph, Loniaha Nebraska City, 1'latig
numb, i.! uvenwoith. Kansas Citv. and Inieuou-
deuce, so tbr.t it is efil.ramcd with taliroad trarnoor
tatiou it would icqire forty cau par day to move tbe
amount ol i role hi tnac would te rcqa red tj suppiy
the i ret; nt demend.
But what is much more remarkable than ell this
is tho statomnnt to ho found in the ropjrt otJ. T
lierrick, the engiucor appointed io survey tbe route
foraiadroad from Go oca City, at iheeotuuca to
the mountains, to Blaok Hank, ti e cuutio ot one ot
the nnuinir dintr.etr, a dislcncs ot leas than twenty
tivo mi cs. He slates that upon Inquiry or the mer
chants ot Centi-l, Nevada, and Blaok Hawk cities.
be atccrioned that the amount paid by them for
ireight dui.uT the last year, piinnipaliy in tno aum
mor and autumn, lor supphcj tr.ken over this short
il'itftnce. v as over six hundred and fifty thousand
dolirrg. and this sum don not molude anything pud
tor nitchinerv or aauD ies forwarded dirjctlv to the
mining companies which would probably be not
IC.-8 ttan two muurea tnousaua uouais in aaa.cion
to the former sura. It theie tacts woro not verified,
they would appear incredible.
Bv comparing the number of men with the
number of animals, it will be seen that eir;h
man must drive either two teams of from tour
to six mules each, or single teams ot eight or
ten. li v romnannff the men with the rrefnr.
we find that the average is 5000 pounds, or two
ana a halt tons, to each driver, ot theie teams
thus loaded, makinz allowance tor night stop
pages and detentions by stormy weatner. there
must have been something like threa (or, if
each driver had two. six) teams an hour pas
ms tbe toil-bridge ; which would keep tbe
whole route dotted v itU teams at distances of
less than a mile apart. And this on one only of
tbe two great routes,
it is obvious, trom these statements, that the
Pacific Kailroad will do a large business irom
tbe moment of its completion, and that the
rapid development of the country caused by it
will, in a lew years, overwhelm it with an
unmanageable traffic.
The speedy settlement of that vast region, em
bracing ten Territories. Boon to become Btates,
will have a great influence on the distribution ot
political power In . this country. Owing to the
peculinritv ot our Federal institutions, the
transter of political influence will verv much
outrun the Western flow of population. Most ol
those Terntories will be admitted tnto tho union
as tStaUs before they have as many inhabitnnta
as entitle one ot tbe older Btates to an additional
representative. But from the moment any one
oi them becomes a State, its weight in tie
higher branch of Congress is equal to that of
the nio(,t populous member of the Union. Thoso
ten new States will add twenty members to the
Senate before they have population enough to
make any perceptible difference in the House ot
Representatives. They will probably bold the
balance of power in the Senate before the pas
sions which now at itate the country have spent
their force. In what direction their influence
will be exerted is a miction ol great interest,
To estimate the Dolltical tendencies of that
great rep ion, we must take into account both
the probable character ot its eettlrs and the
local influences by which they will be sur
rounded. The best part ol Us early settlers will
be furnished by the disbanded armies of the two
hostile sections. Thoso who enlisted, on cither
side, embraced all tne young men ef enterprise;
all that clans to whom the ordinary rout ino ot
tranquil pursuits seemed tame; all who were
full of energetic impulse, restless ambition, and
the love of excitement, hazard, nnd adventure.
Their military experience has increased their
natural restlessness, and they can never settle
down with content in the dull round ot their old
pursuits, especially when such a tempting field
is opened beiore them as is presented in those
magniflceut mountain States, abounding lu sub
lime scenery and mineral wealth. More settlers,
in proportion, will go thither from the South
than from the isorth, both becau-e their homes
have been blasted by the de&olation of war, and
becauso the elevation of the negroes to the rights
of freemen w ill incite the poorer classes of the
Bomb, to escape a fancied degradation.
But when the soldiors of the two d'sbanded
aimles meet and intermingle in the virgin
tPiritories of the West, they will be better
lriends than if thev bad never confronted
each other in deadly conflict Neither side
bas any reason to be ashamed of Its soldiership;
aud men ot tested bravery seldom fail in mutual
respect. This Is ono Teanon why the political
Influence of those new States will be lavorabla
to conciliation. ,
Another reason will prow out of their closo
proximity to the doomed Iudinn tribe. As re
spects the diversit of bumtin races, the pre
dominant feeling in thoe new Slates will not be
that all men of aD colors are equal, but that bai
haiism and suvngerv mi.st givo wav ti the higher
claim of civilization; aurt that tho inn-nil
human races nuiot jield to the superior. Tb's
feeling, which will bo Inspired by their local
clrcumstnnees, is doubtless in 'pursuance of the
design of the Author of nature. During the
lone geological cvcles while the earth was being
prepared lor the bibbs' ion of the superior ani
mals, it was tenanted by fauna wbicL gradually
became extinct at the opening of a newepoen.
Just in the same way, while navigation, dis
covery, and tho arts necessary to rapid coloniza
tion wee being perfected, the greater part of
the earth's surface has been given up to interior
tribes, w hich must recede and disappear before
the advance of civilization. In ono or two cen
turies, the lost relics ot the aboriginal tribes will
have vanished Irom this continent, which will
be peopled w ith inhabitants from various Euro
pean stocks. . , , ,
ine uunan race is so proiino, tne prorxeauve
Instinct has so much energy, that the best stocks,
should they multiply without check, would over
run tne woriu ouu omsuip its capacity to sup
port its inhabitants.- It is belter, now that the
world Is tipemng tor it, that tho earth should be
tenanted by toe superior and progressive races.
Whether tills be true or lalse philosophy, the
people ol the Rocky Mountain States are pretty
certain to act upon It; and they will accordingly,
as a community, have no sympathy with the
maw kb h philanthropy which exalts the interests
of the Southern negroes Into equal competition
with those of the white race.
The peonle of the Mountain Btates, from the
Immense distance thev must traverse to eel
there, from the enlargement of ideas and imagi
nation Incident to the habit oi looking out upon
the two great oceans in following the channels
through which their oroductiots will And a
mnilitt. and trom tho wide areas trom which
tbeir original population is gathered, will be
exempt Irom the illiberal narrowness which
rave birth to the late terrible contest. Thut
contest was the culmination ot a tongconiiici
between Massachusetts and South Carolina ido is,
Each of those States Is inhabited by a white
population which is almost homogeneous. In
Massachusetts tho sameness of race and
general equality ot conditions losteiod
the. doctrine of perfect human equality; while
in South Carolina the presence of an in
ferior race led the peoplo to regard this doc
trine as absurd; and in both States a
population living lor nearly two centu
ries on the same couuuca paten oi
-. - . . . ..
territory, a majority of whom had never been a
minareu roues trom home, naturauy measured
the world by their own petty standard. The
people or tne mountain btates will naturally
hold all such nnrrowncss in contempt. They
will have the enlargement ot view and liberal' ty
Of Eentlment w hich be tit the people of a vast and
magnificent country, whose divrtdtv of soil.
climate, productions, and local circumstances
create a corresponding diversity of interesu,
which no one Government is competent to care
for in detail: and yet have great general interests
requiring cential regulation. Their mining in
terests, lor example, require a set oi regulations to
whii h it would be absurd to apply the general
principles relating to real estate in older comma
nlties; and those people will be quick to appre
ciate the advantages of local control over local
affairs, while Sitting a uue value on tne common
protection afforded by the common Government.
We therelore conclude that the growing western
influence in our politics will be salutary and
beneficent.
WATCHES AND JEWELRY
fWIAJIOXD DEALEI? & JEWEXEK
WATC1ISS, JEWELRY A ULTEtt WAltR,
, "WATCHE3 and JEWLLEY RZPAIELD.
Chestnut St.,PMH-
WATCHIS AND CORAL GOODS.
A large Invoice of Ladles' and Gents' Watches of the
beat milkers; and
FINE CORAL SETS,
To w filch tbe attention of thoae about purchasing la In
vited. Juat received by
LEWIS LADOMUS,
Diamom Dealer aud Jeweller,
12 10 Ko. 802 CntSNTTT STREET.
ilIOICE HOLIDAY GOODS.
Large and handsome assortment of
COLD AND SILVER WATCHES
DIAMONDS, JEWELRY.
feIL,VER ANDPLATED WARE
CLOCKb, BROXZE3, ErC.
v CLAEK & BIDDLE,
Successors to 1 homes C. Garrett,
6 22 lvrp No. 712 CHESKUT STREET.
WATCHES, JEWELRY, &c.
MUSICAL BOXES.
A full assortment ot above kooos constantly on
band at modei ate prices the Musical itoxes playing
irom x to to ocauuiui Airs.
FAItR & BROTHER, Importers.
No. 824CHEt,NUr fsTUEET,
Hlltmttjlyrp Below Fourth.
II I C II JEWELRY,
JOHN BRENNAN,
DEALER IM
DIAMONDS, FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY,
Etc. Etc. Etc
9 20 It No. 13 8. EIGHTH 81 BEET. Philada.
-fcS HENRY HARPER,
No. 520 ARCH STREHT
U an taotnrbr and Dealer in
Wateries,
fine Jewelry,
Silver-Plated Ware,
8 801y Solid Silver-ware.
J? A I R B . A N K S '
STANDARD SCALES,
Adapted to Every Branch of 13usi
nesa Where a Correct and
Durable Scale la IteQ-uired.
A uniform standard of weights, and a correct; its
if in of welgiiinK, are subjoets claiming the attenboa
of every Individual in the community.
FAIRBANKS & EWING,
MASONIC HALL,
No. 715 CHESNUT STREET,
8lnrtb6niip
rFIXADEIJPHIA.
Q A R P E T I N U ,
A LaUGE stock ok
PHILADELPHIA MANUFACTURE,
Jn stoie and constantly receiving,
AT VEKY LOW ritlCBS.'
GEORGE W. till.T,,
2 1 tbBlti3i'u No. 129 NortU THIRD otroot.
FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF CAFEt
IIE TIRE IN CIIESNUT STREET
letter from "wTella, Taro & Co.
81000 SAVED IN IIKKRING'S PATENT - BAF8,
rnn.iRi.rniA Jannary 1, lB6t.
Wkssrs. fAanuL, Hrbmkg A Co. Gentle men i W
fcsTe Jnst opened our Ham, one el your manufacture
which passed through the destructive fire In Chesnat
trt. last night. The Bans was In our office, No. MI,
which building was entirely destroyed. The Ra'e was la
a warm place, as yoa mevwell suppose, and was rct
hoi it ben taken ot t of the ember. We are well satisfied
w lib the result of tbls tnal, and And our books, papers.
and some ten thoaaand dollar! In muoey almoat as per
fret aswtitn put In the Pare. Nothing la Injnred, It we
except t) e leather bindings of the bock, which art
teamed; tbe money and papers are as good as ever.
Truly yours,
WELLS, FARGO & CO.,
r-erJ. II. COOK. Ageat
The chore 8afe can be seen at our store.
PARREL, HERRING & CO.,
1 1 So. 62S CHESMJT STREET.
gEVERE TEST OF MARVIX'S SAFE
At Charleston Fire, October 18, 1885-
"After rrmovhiB mv ta tone of Marvin Ce.'s
Patent) from the riilna, where il bad lain ir rirrr
Ti.KiiB h' ur$ rrpvtrd to mimti htat. ounrt my booka
In a pcrfto. alHtr of pronerTation I expreaa myde.tpht
and entire fa iHinctlon with the renal t nd heartily al
vise all to purchase Marvin A Co.'a naiea.
(Signed) "W. H. CHATKE."
A fu'l aseortmcnt of the above SAFES, the only per
fectly dry, as well as thoroughly flre-proot ones to the
market, for sale by
MARVIN & CO.,
No. 721 CUKSNUT STREET,
(MasonloUaU), rhila.
No. 2R5 r.KOMHVAY, N. Y.
Dwelling ITonae rimes, ornamental style.
Fafes oi other makes taken In exchange. Send for
descriptive circular. 1 20 In
A N O T
H
E Ii TEST
or
HEBBTNG'8 FIBK-PRCOT 8 AFES.
THE FIEBT ORDEAL PASSED TRICMPnAJfTLTl
The Herrlne Pale aaed In the office of oar warehounw.
deairoved bv the dlsnstiout fire ol the night of the 6th
lnainnt, waa aubjectedto as Intense heat aa probably
any aaie win ever ue auciectea in any nre eo inienae
tin t the lirasa knoba and mounting of the exterior ot
aame were melted oft. and the whole surface aoaled and
bliHtered aa If It bad been in a furnace, and vet whew
onencd the contenta- booka and DaDara weie found te
be entire and uninjured
1 Me aie la now on exnioiuon m our warenouaeow
He venth aireet. with the booka and paoer etl'i ronaia
lug In It Just aa it waa when taken from tbe nun. Mer
clumut. panKeis, ano oinera intcreaiea in ins proieauaw
ol their boots ana papers are mviieo to eau enaia,-
amine it. J P. BA' THOLOW,
A (rent lor Hemng'a a ee,
1 1 No fi!W SEVENTH St.. WaahlnKton. D. O.
TEAS, Ao.
f EA8 REDUCED TO $1, AT INGRAM'S
JL Tea Warehouse. No. 43 S. SKCOSD Street.
TJOASTKl) COr FEB REDUCED TO 80 CT3.
I at IGBAM'S lea Warehouse, No. 43 8. bSOOMD
Street.
A(C. BEST MILD COFFEE, AT INGRAM'S
HJ Tea Warehouse, Xo. 43 a 8KCON D Street.
TEAS AND COFFEES
AT WHOLESALE
a prices, ai iv.kajh o r
8ECOHD Street Try them.
CAREEN COFFEES FROM 22 TO 28 CT3. A
T pound, at INGRAM'S Tea Warehouse, No. it.
SECOND Street try them.
Ill
JA. PANE SB TEA.
EXTRA FIN DTJ JAPON,
TUE FINE&T EVER IMPOBTED.
Pnt up orlglnallv for the French Market
For sale by
JAM12S It. WEI1B,
1 13 lm WALNUT AND EIGHTH STREETS.
it:
MAN UFACTURER,
AND DEALER IN
jpltotosrajjh Albums,
BOOKS. BIBLES. PRAYERS.
Macailues, Novels, and all the
I'cw Publication!.
CARD, MEDIUM, AND IMPERIAL
PHOTOGRAPHS. ;
Stereoscopes and Stereoscopic Views.
Pictures of all lindj Framed to order.
808 CHESTHUT ST. 808
B 11 0 w N & A GEE,
MAN U FACTURERS OP
TllUNKS.
VAI.ISKS
BAGS
RETICULES.
And all styles ot (roods suitable for
Travellers and Excursionists.
A large stock of
MOitOCCO TRAVELLING BAGS
ANO BKT1CULK3,
FOR GENTS AND LADIES,
Of our own Manufacture, suitable for
HOLIDAY PRESENTS.
1125 No. 708 CHESKUT BTRHET.
MONUMENTS, TOMBS,
GRAVE-STONES, Eto.
Jnst completed, a boaudtul variety of
ITALIAN AULRBLB MONUMENTS,
TOMBS, AND Q B A VErSTON ES
vV 111 be sold cheap for oash, '
Work sent to any part of the United State.
HENRY S. TAWt,
MARBLE WORK8,
124wros Ro.TlOGKEENBtwetel'hJUdelpalft.
B
RIDE8B DRO
MACHINB WORKS,
, Bo.
65 K. VHOST STREET,
mi Art ft mHU.
We sre prepared to till order to any ex teat for our
well known .
MACH1JSEKT rOltrOTTOS AND WOOLLEN MILLH,
including all recent Improvement In Carulug, Spuming,
and W eavlnft.
We Invite tbe attention of manufacture io our exten
sive worka, ALFBED JKSK8 A BO.
NEW MUSIC STORE. WILLIAM U
AO. 1IU t nr.ni.ii I riirri.
Dealer In A merit nn and foreign Murici P
dcoiiH, uiul HuhH'kI liiKlruim iithoJ a I WiihUj
Planoa, Mio
it. a uu
II 'i tut
nor UUUUlj Ul numin vuuim!7 vu uauw
r I!