m TWO DOLLARS TER ANNUM, ? ' AND FARMERS' AHD JIEGHarilGS1 REGISTER HAW-YIiAKLY" .. IN ADVANCE.? IF NOT PAID WITHIN TIIK YEAR. I $'i 30 WILL IJE UHAKtiKD. PRINTliD AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY S AM U E L J. ROW, SOMERSET, SOMERSET COUNTY, PA. IiTew Series. TUESDAY, JUNE 29, 1847, Vol, 5.-No. 33. TIic I-and of Ihc Free. BY WSI. II. m'cALLA. Ob ! Lan J of the brave an J the free, Thy jys from bright' Heaven were given; Thy bonds of pure friendship and love, fty the hand of the great God were riven. Tby Patriots ! men of high souls, And minds full of wisdom and truth, . Were sent from above, thy first hopes to control, And guiJe the weak hand of thy youth. Oh ! Land of the Tree ! if a mortal on earth Fure joy can hope to aecure, T is a home in the land, where Liberty dwells, Alike for the rich nn the poor. ' T i where the bright stars and the stripes Proudly float 'nealh the blue rummer's sky, While. the eagle ot liberty, unfettered and free, Forever shall circle on high. "Then, Land of the Free, may prosperity last; May no factions thy Union sever; Cut thy Glory and Fame, untarnished remain, Like Tailor's great name shall, forever! 'And at home or abroad, may thy warriors' names fchine brightest of any, on land or at sea; Till thy name strikes a terror to each foeinan's heart, And Liberty's watchword, be "Li5D of tuk ' Fiiee!" ' Declaration of Independence, In Congress, July 4, 177G. The Tnatiinious Declaration of the Thirteen Lulled Mates ot . America. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands winch have connected them with another, and to as sume, among the powers of the earth, the seperate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the sepa . ration. Wc hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they 'are endowed by their Creator with cer tain unalienable rights ; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuits of hap piness. That to secure these rights, gov ernments are instituted among men. de-rivin"- their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall "seem most likely to effect their safety nnd happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that governments long established should not be changed for - light and transient causes ; and accordingly all ex perience hath - shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are -sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invari ably the same object, evinces a desigirto reduce tl era under absolute despotism, it is their right, it i their duty to throw off such government, and to provide new guards fur their future security. Such h is been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity Which constrains them to alter their for mer systems of government. The history tf the present king of Great Britaiu is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa tions, all having in direct object the estab lishment of an absolute tyranny over these etatcs. To prove this, let facts be sub rnitted to a candid world. lie has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary lor the public good. lie has forbidden his governors to pass laws of Immediate and pressing impor tance, unless suspended in their opera lion, till his assent should be obtained ; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. lie has re fused to pass other laws for the accommo dation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature a right inestimable to ll em, and formidable to tyrants only. lie has called together legislative bodies rt places" unusual, uncomfortable,' and distant from the repository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. lie has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, -for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people.'" ' : -" ' S lie has refused for a long time after fuch dissolutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large, for their exercise, the str.te remaining, in the meantime, ex posed to all the dangers oT invasion from without, and convulsion within. He has endeavored to prevent the pop ulation of these states ; for that purpose obstructing the hwe'of naturalization of foreigners ; refusmgto pass others to en courage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands." I Id has obstructed the administration of juitice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new of fices, and sent hither swarms of officers, to harass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the con sent of cur legislatures. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power. He has combined with others to sub ject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our con stitution, and. unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation : For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : For protecting them, by a mock trialj from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these suites : . For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent : For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences : For abolishing the free system of Eng lish laws in a neighbouring province, establishing therein an arbitrary govern ment, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit in strument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies : For taking away our charters, abolish ing our most valuable laws, and altering, fundamentally, the forms of our govern ments : For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring: themselves invested with power to legislate for us in alljcases what soever. He has abdicted government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against lis. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercinaries to complete the works f death, desolation and tyran ny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely parallelled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized uation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merci less Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms : our repeated ' petitions have been answered only by repeated in jury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. , , ... Nor have wc been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. "We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrant able jurisdiction over us. We have re minded them of the circumstances of eur emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and mag nanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties "of our common kindred to disa vow these usurpations, which would in evitably interrupt our connexions and cor respondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the ne cessity which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the t rest of mankind-enemies in war, in peace friends. We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in general congress assembled, appealing to the Su preme Judge of the world, for the recti tude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority ef the good people p these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these united colonics are, and of right ought to be, .free and indc- penden .states ; that they are. absoiveu from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connexion between them and the state of. Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ;. and that, as" free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish com merce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do. And for the support of; this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence,' wc mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honour. JOHN HANCOCK, President. An Illustration by way of Definition. "Pray what is nonsense V asked a wight who talked little, else.'. . ."Non sense," replied his friend, "why sir its nonsense to bolt a door with a boiled car rot." THE STREAM OF, LIFE. Oh, silvery streamlet of the fields, That flow est full and free! For thee the rains of spring return, : The summer dews for thee; And when thy latest blossoms die , .... Iu autum's chilly showers, The winter fountains gush for thee, Till May brings back the flowers.- Oh, Stream of Life ! the violet springs But once beside thy bed; But one brief summer on thy path, The dews of Heaven are shed; Thy parent fountains shrink away, And close their crystal veins, A nd where thy glittering current flowed, The dust alone remains. . LETTER FROM THE SEAT OF WAR. We have reason, independently of its public importance, to suppose that the following Letter is from a source to be entitled to entire confidence ; CORRESPONDENCE OF THE ALEXANDRIA GA ZETTE. Jalapa, (Mexico,) May 19, 1847. To tell you of the siege and capture of Vera Cruz, or the battle of Cerro Gordo, would be repeating a thrice-told tale. You, no doubt, have felt proud, as an A merican, of the increased glory to . our arms by the brilliant results of that day, when less than 1,200 men carried a forti fied and almost inaccessible height of 1,000 feet, defended by 3,000 men and six or eight pieces of cannon. The im mediate actors on that memorable day who survived the bloody conflict were as much astonished to find themselves safely masters of the height as those of you in the United States were that we reached there at all. As you know the story, I will spare you the garrulousnese of an old soldier. You are aware that the army followed the dispersed and flying enemy until we reached this lovely spot,' and were right glad to halt at the base, as it w ere, of the Orizaba, view.hs snow-capped peak, and partake of all the luxuries that are com mon and abundant in tropical cities. Here, amidst hills and valleys teeming with every luxury in the form of fruits or vegetables produced either north or south, a portion of the army have reposed for the last month, and another portion, with out halting, passed on to Perote, where an officer in waiting politely handed over the keys of the well known castle and prison, with an invoice of munitions, bowed, and followed the footsteps of his twice-whipped Excellency, who had ta ken a less frequented road than the Grand National ; which, by the by, is one' of the most costly, endaring national highways that any country can boast of bridges sixty and seventy years old are as firm and as strong as if finished but yesterday a monument of Spanish grandeur that will be admired and talked of when Spain is blotted from the map of nations, and her name, as it were, forgot'.er. In the full tide of victory, and the coun try in dismay at the terrible overthrow of all their hopes at Cerro Gordo, the army came to a dead halt for the want of ' the mattf rial of war ! men and means oi transportation for our subsistence. Here 3,500 volunteers were sent back, as their term of service expired in little over a month. Jabipa was to be garrisoned Perote, Puebla, and Mexico taken with about eight or nine thousand men one of these cities numbering more than one hundred thousand inhabitants! Trains had to go and return frequently ere the remnant of our noble little army could advance. This was a work of time ; a partial sup ply for this place and Perote, and to ac company the advancing forces, at last ar rived. Ere this was accomplished the advance took up the line of march for Pu ebla, not over ihree thousand men. Here the Mexican Napoleon, with his re-collected troops, and by forcing into service those who had been paroled under a pledge of their officers not again to bear arms until exchanged, made a feint at a stand; and when four men had been killed left the city, retreating on Mexico, and our handful of men took possession of one of the most splendid and beautiful towns in the country, containing seventy thousand inhabitants. , Thus things stand at present, and the future to my vision is gloomy in the ex treme. We are here cut off by the vomi to from our base ol operations; and alter a month the army in the field must de pend upon the country " lor subsistance, and that army destined to fight at another Cerro Gordo, with its numbers reduced nearly one half by the return of voiun- teers and me garrison leu in me rear. ; Santa Anna, on retreating from Pueb la, it is said, will take up a position at a place called Rio Frio, where another bat tle will undoubtedly be fought ; and if successful, there ia 'still another at a place within two leagues ot the city. This is asking a great deal of six or seven thou Band men. They can doit, but the blest blood of America must run . in torrents The cry now is, "Victory or Death !M . We are dreadfully and most unfortunately- crippled, Bt a moment when we want all our strength Thus it was. latt ( summer, and ever will be when a for eign war is carried on denending in any J degree upon short-term volunteers, whose term is sure to expire just when they are most needed. Gen. Scott appealed to them to re-enter the service, but in vain. A volunteer for a second term would be looked upon as a wonder, and by his com rades as a fool. , A year in camp rubs oil all the extra patriotism that first got them into' the scrape. The fruits of our vic tories are in a good degree lost by not be ing able to push on ; the people . have re covered from their panic, and will not give up their, capital without making ano ther effoit, and the least reverse to our arms will bring npon us the whole na tion, who, so long as victory declares in our favor, prefer to remain quiet at home. There is not the least prospect in : the world of peace Mt. Trist is here, and, as I . understand, with full powers to treat. I fear that there is not the best under standing in the world between him and Gen. Scott. . This is another "of those sort ol accidents that we, who have been here near two years, feel may possibly keep us here a year longer not that either gentleman feels disposed to pro long the war. I only mean to say that the co-operation cannot be as cordial or as confidential as it would he were their personal and official relations that of friends. Gen. Scott would have been a most fortunate choice for the President, and from his position could have taken advantage of points and circumstances I hat might occur, which being handed o ver to another person would lose their value. I; have had conversations with persons who have listened for hours to Gen. Scott's views in regard to the po litical relations between the two countries aitd no one can listen to him without be ing deeply sensible that he. has studied the subject as a statesman, and would have done honor to the President, the country, ; and himself, had he been en trusted with the negotiation. He has had an opportunity of conversing freely with in the last month with the most influen tial Mexican Generals a most favorable opportunity for a negotiator to have spo ken of what he desired to do, and what our country was willing to do. I doubt not that, so far as he was entrusted with the President's" views, he improved- the opportunity ; but the important and vital document was wanting he had no au thority or power to speak as an ambassa dor. May 23.-Gen. Scott, with the second division of the army, left this morning for Puebla, where Gen. Worth now is. On the arrival of Gen. S. the army will un doubtedly move on to Mexico, a distance of ninety-one miles. The Minister, Mr. Trist, like wise goes on as far as Puebla. We have not yet heard of the results of the election for President. I hope to, before this letter closes. The people appear desirous that Herrera should come into power, but the military have generally their own way. Col. Cimlds remains at this place as the commander of the troops and governor of the cfty and district, with about 1,500 men and 800 sick. As there tire no forti fications at this place, a strong garrison has to be left. I think he has force e nough to give a good account of himself and all the Mexicans that may come'against him. His duties thus: far have been very arduous in organizing the civil and mili tary government ot the city, and as he keeps both reins in his own hands he has enough to do. But I flatter myself, when he returns home, that he can run for a judgeship where they are elected by the people with a tolerable hope ol success. As to providing ways and means, and raising a revenue by taxation, he turns his back upon no man. He thought he could not be far out of the way when he imposed a heavy tax on liquor. He soon had an anti-temperance memorial of sever al pages from venders and manufacturers of brandy. Having heard and read a great deal about temperance in. the Uni ted States he was able to combat their ar gument, and if he did not convince them he raised the money. I shall be able to give you now, from time to time, the earliest information from the army, as the expresses to Vera Cruz will be through this . place. FROM COUNCIL BLUFFS. From the St. Louis New Extra, June 1. The steamer Archer arrived last eve ning from Council Bluffs, to which point she had been to carry out 100 Mormons, and between 60 and 70 tons of their household furniture, farming utensils, &c, and a small amount of goods sent up by a merchant of this city. From the offi cers of the A. we learn that there are still at and in the vicinity of the Bluffs several thousand Mormons, the larger proportion in a .most wretched condition, living in huts covered with turf and brush, and in holes dug in the sides of the river bank, scarcely affording the protection and con venience of an Indian wigwam. They are represented to be in a most filthy and nearly half started condition, forAvhich their only relief is emigration. A large number started for Oregon this spring, and it is the intention of the majority, of those behind to follow- so coon as they can do wwhh a certainty of ever reaching their place of destination, but a large portion are so entirely desti tute that it is deemed unsafe for them to undertake the journey this summer, and it is more than probabie that succor will have to come from some other quarter than their own industry, before they will be able to remove from where they are at present. Many and in fact the greater portion, are making some preparations toward raising a crop, but the yield, it is thought, will seftrcely keep them alive until another spring. They have been much annoyed of late by Indians, and most of their valuable stock, such as cows, oxen, and horses, have been stolen. Their encampment is stretched along the banks of the Missouri for six or eight miles, entirely unprotected and unguarded; but notwithstanding, they are constantly receiving reinforcements from nearly every quarter of the United States and Great Britain. The persons carried up by' the Archer were new prose lytes on their way to the "New Jerusa lem," which is to be built up in Oregon. The A. left the Bluffs on the 21th ult.; the water was then falling, with three and a half feet of water in the channel to Weston. The steamer Martha was met at Council Point with the American Fur Company's men on board. No rains in the vicinity of the Bluffs, and a Mr. Richards, who came down from the mountains and got on board the Archer at St. Joseph, reports no rise in the streams and tributaries, and no rain in the country above. From Weston to Jefferson city the officers of the A. re port four and a half feet of water, thence to the mouth between six and seven feet iu the channel. DOUBLE DISTILLED TREA CHERY. Public attention has of late been con siderably directed to the Philadelphia Ledger, in consequence of the fact that the writer who holds an office in the De partment of State, is understood to enjoy, in an eminent degree, the confidence of Mr. Secretary Buchanan, and has often foreshadowed the intentions of the Ad ministration, or disclosed its views of po licy. In a late number of the Ledger the following forms part of this writer's re gular coirespondence : "Victory round on every side and not a drop of comfort. Peace is apparently as far off as ever. We shall, for want of power to treat with, be obliged to keep possession of a goodly portion of the conquered territory, and to fortify and hold all the strong places in our hands. With the defeat of Santa Anna, my hope of peace is considerably diminished, for however strongly the opposition press may have railed against what it was plea sed to call "the passport granted to that chief," certain it is that our best HOPES OF PEACE RESTED ON HIM, and that nothing but the impossibility of sustain ing himself in Mexico, has thus far baf fled his efforts to make the Congress a gree to the proposition of our govern ment to send commissioners. "The tone of his warlike despatches was from the commencement forced upon him by the circumstances in which he was placed, and perfectly undei stood here by the President and his cabinet. Santa Anna's only hope of success consisted in first satisfying the national vanity of his countrymen, or availing himself of some lucky accident, to turn for a moment, the fortunes of war, and to improve that mo ment for concluding a peace. He came . T VERY NEAR SUCH A CHANCE AT DUENA Vista, but the battle of Cerro Gordo has put an end to his prospects, and with them, to our calculation of peace from that quarter." This statement of a trusted and confi dential friend of the Administration, trans lated into plain English mcan3, that Pre sident Polk, on principles that would ren der a man infamous if practised in ordi nary life, and in violation of every rule of honorable warfare, admitted Santa An na into Mexico in order that by an enor mous treason he might betray that coun try, and thereby give this country a suc cess it could not win by open honorable war. To further aid Santa Anna in his treason, Mr. Polk asked and obtained the use of three millions of dollars for the purpose of purchasing the venal and cor rupt. Was there ever a plan conceived so reeking with baseness, so dishonoring to a great, just and powerful nation as we claim to be ? But infamous as it is, the worst is not yet told. To secure the suc cess of his conspiracy beyond hazard, the sacrifice of Gen. Taylor at Buena Vista was deliberately p lanned. The regulars and nearly and nearly all the artillery were detached from Gen. Taylor's com mand, and there only surrounded only by volunteers, the flower and best blood of the west, he was dooraed'to destruction, that Mr. Polk by this double treachery might bring to a close this war of his bc- ginning. 'BurrAio Com. . From the Pennsylvania Intelligencer. Ccn. James Irvln and Ms Oppo nents. The candidate of the Whig parly pos sesses a private and public character so pure and unobjectionable in every partic ular, that the Locofoco presses are at a loss what to say against him. Occasion ally, however in their anxiety to mako some show of opposition, the pensioned scribblers of the most unscrupulous Lo cofoco Journals, indulge in a strain of bitter denunciation. We find an article of that kind in the last "Union," and as the most effectual way to meet and offjet that kind of opposition is to flght them with their own weapons, we have para dized the article, altering it in word very little but materially in poiutand direction. We do this for the purpose of exhibiting 10 the friends of Mr. Shunk the force of their own language, applied to him with quite as muchjpropriety, as applied in tho original to Gen. Irvin. PARODY OF AN ARTICLE IN THE LAST 'UNION. The Federalists. The Federalists in Pennsylvania seem to be pretty much at a stand and scarce ly know which way to turn. There aro some serious differences in 'heir own ranks, and their treasonable opposition to the Mexican war meets with very littlo favor from the people. The fact is tha Federalists did make a mistake in nomi nating so weak a candidate as Shunk. They have not been able to write a single paragraph jout of any incident in his life, or identify him with any 'great political reform, or to describe anything rtmark able that he said or did. Althengh a pub lic man, his life is a blank, and we do not think the people will interrupt the void by placing so incompetent a man in. the executive chair It would be better to e lect the original John Haney, or the astrologer Hague, or beau Hickman, be cause each of these eminent individuals has made a figure in the world. The friends of one term are very much annoyed at such a dead weight being fastened on the party as a candidate for their suffrages, and many of them are al ready beginning to kick out of the traces. 11 is mortifying to have such a man thrust npon them, and, discouraging because de feat is inevitable. Eldred Voold have rallied the strength of the party and been a more formidable opponcat. There would have been some honor ia beating him, but in discomfiting the present can didate we will only have to walk over the course. The great body of the party who should probably have supported Shunk, begin to feel sensibly the hopalessness of their situation, and will not labor actively in behalt of an unworthy candidate, to wards whom tbe cold shoulders of the leaders of the Federal parly are turned. Now is there anything that Shunk has done calculated to awaken the sympathies of the people. He is a RICH OFFICE HOLDER of thirty-five years standing, and wholly imbued with anti-Democratic feelings and sentiments. The disaffection in his own party will not be supplied by an addition of the popular vote. Thus weak in his own party, among his friends, what chance does he itand in running against OLD IRONSJDES, leading on the invincible Demoeraey of the Keystone State! His party is warm ly attached to him, and the peple of the State know that he is their friend, and he has shown himself to be the advocate of the true interests of the Commonwealth. He has carried out the principles of our faith and complied with the wishes of his constituents, and in tne contest wnicn w now going on between this republic and Mexico, Gen. JAMES 1RV1N has al ways been found on the right side, lend ing his energies in aid of the country. He has with him his own party and the people of the State without respect to par ty. TSusincss of the Canal. One of our numerous transporters in formed us to-day that they had regularly shipped from 640 to 650 tons eastward per week since the canal opened, i hat their shipments last week were CO I tons, and that they had more in the depot at the end than at the beginning of the week. Freight for Flour $2 00 per bbl. Bacen $1 per 100 lbs., but higher freights are offered for lots out of lum. The gorge of Flour at Buffalo, we learn 13 even greater, and that the whole season with a "fifty mile line ef bests,' would be insufficient to pass it through. Pittsburgh American. BEAVER AND SANDY CANAL. We learn from a gentleman on the route of this improvement, that there are now six boats running regularly from the mouth of Little Beaver to New Lisbon" 26 miles. That each boat makes three trips per week, the principal freight down being Flour, each boat carrying 300 bbls. making the landing on the Ohio a place of no inconsiderable business, where it is all re-shipped for this city. This gives upwards of 5000 bbls. per week, and serves to give us intelligence of one of the sources from whence flows that rush of flour into the depots of this city. Piltx burgh American. - -'
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers