in wism IF NOT rID WITHIN THE YEA. $i go wii.i. be CHAKCiED. TVTO DOLLARS PER ANNUM.? AtJD FARHERS' AMD MEGHAtilCS' REGISTER. HALF-YEAKLi in ADVArsut;. 3 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY JONATHAN ROW, SOMERSET, SOMERSET COUNTY, PA. New Series. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1347, Vol. S.No. 13- sr?,mn It THE SOMERSET HERALD. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1847. THE TEEMING WEST. We received a lew days since, a letter from a friend in Adams county, 111., in which the writer describes that part of the "West as being beautiful and fertile in the extreme. On an area of three and a half miles square, he says, there was raised General Taylor, because we could not the last season, about 30,000 bushels of conceiTe any motives, even of party poli wheat and a like quantity of corn, besides CV( for sucn hostility against a citizen who heavy crops of oats and grass. One far- nas unquestionably rendered distinguish racr alone had 2,000 bushels of wheat, ej service to his country, and entrenched and another had 1,600 bushels. All this himself thereby safely in the public es is the product of prairie land, just brought teem. But it cannot be doubted, consid under cultivation. ering the recency of the fact of the publi- Quincy, the seat of justice for Adams cation of the Letter of Gen. Taylor, that county, is on the east bank of the Missis- J tne "General Order" published in our aippi, on a bluff, 150 miles above St. Lou-! ! columns to-day has direct reference to is, and 40 below the Mississippi Rapids. tnat 0fflCer. The town is handsomely built, with a ijow many hundreds of unofficial Let large public square in the centre, inclosed, ters from officers of the Army, of every and planted with trees. An extensive bu- j j to lhat of Gen Tatlor have , . .i - i . r siness is camea on at mis piace, as may , be inferred from the fact, mentioned by our correspondent, that .at one flouring mill alone, there were manufactured in 4 months, commencing last Augus, 14,000 barrels of flour, and that not unfrequently from 4,000 to 6,000 bushels of wheat are sold at the several mills and trading hou ses in and near the town in a single day. Truly, the West is a great country. UNITED STATES STOCK IN" THE CUES. & OHIO CANAL. The following we copy from the Cum berland Civilian of the 26th ulL On Thursday last, in the House of Re presentatives, the Hon. Andrew Stewart of Pa., gave notice that at an early day he would ask leave to introduce a bill for the conditional transfer of the stock held by the United "States in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company on terms to se cure the early completion of that work to Cumberland. We trust that this important measure will receive the approbation of Congress, and speedily become a law. Mr. Stewart deserves, and will receive, the thanks of the friends of the Canal, for this evidence of interest in the success of that noble improvement. IOWA SENATORS. . The St. Louis Republican of the 16th ultimo says: The Legislature of Iowa failed to meet in joint session on the 5th instant, to elect Senators in Congress. The election stood adjourned to that day, but the Locofoco members of the Senate, fearing the result, refused to meet the House in joint ses sion, and it is now probable that no elec tion will take place at the present session. If this should be the result, then the State will be without Senators for two years to come, because the next session of the Le gislature will not be held until November, 184S, and the Governor cannot make tem porary appointments, as, the office never having been filled, no vacancies can be said to have taken place. ILLINOIS & MICHIGAN CANAL. The Sangamo Journal says, the Canal report has not yet been made, but that, since the re-commencement of the work, SG04,000 have been expended upon it, and that the estimate for its completion is a trifle more than $707,000. The bond holders will, therefore, be able to finish the work for about $1,300,000, which is less by about $300,000 than the original estimate. It is believed that the work will be completed by next September. THE CENTRAL RAILROAD. A few nights sincp, says the Philadel phia Inquirer, a committee of gentlemen volunteered to obtain subscriptions of 1500 shares of stock to the Central Railroad, that number being still necessary to se cure the charter. The committee report ed on Saturday night, and announced with no little satisfaction, that they had obtained subscriptions to 2,227 shares. The result is indeed most creditable, and while we thank the committee on behalf of our citizens, we also venture to con gratulate the community at large. This great work may now be regarded as fairly commenced. The Legislature will, no doubt, now afford every facility to this company to enable them to prosecute this great Penn iylvania work, and insure its completion i the eiriiev practicable day, by the prompt passage of such additional laws, or amendments to the original act, as may be required. Har. Int. THE EXECUTIVE AND THE ARMY. We are among those who hare been slow to believe, though it has been fre quently charged, that animosity was cher- ished b lhe Administration towards . nublished all over the country with- in the last year, without calling forth any rebuke from the Executive! So far from it, have not many of such letters been published, without a lisp, of disapproba tion, in the newspaper in this city which is the recognised organ of the Govern ment; published not only without any expression of dissatisfaction, but, on the contrary, with high commendations? As late as in that paper of yesterday morn ing we find precisely such a Letter from "an officer of Gen. Wool's command." We do not say that the Regulation which has been thus waked up from a sleep of more than twenty years which had been in fact disused so long as to become obso lete may not be in itself, as a general rule, a proper one. But we do say that it has not been heretofore considered as an order to be strictly observed; in proof of which many instances can be remem bered, in which it has not been regarded, nor has the departure from it been visited with any reproof, much less with such a public rebuke as that convejred in the re vival and republication, obviously with that intent, of the Regulation of 1825. The effect, besides, of the promul gation of the order at the present particu lar moment, is that of ex post facto le gislation; a proceeding directly against the spirit of liberty, and so recognised by the organic law of the Republic. Nat. Int. ARMY GENERAL ORDER. Gexeral Ordebs T War DtriirrxEST, ' C Aij. Gf.xeral's Office, J Washington, Jan. 28,1347 No. 3. The following Regulation has been re ceived from the War Department: War Department, Washing . ton, January 28, 1847. The President of the United States di rects that paragraph 630 of the General Regulations for the Army, established on the 1st of March, 1825, and not included among those published January 25, 1841, be now republished, and that its obser vance as a part of the General Regula tions be strictly enjoined upon the Army. By order of the President, W. L. MARCY, Secretary of War. . The following is the paragraph of the General Regulations for the Army estab lished on the 1st of March, 1825, refer red to above: "650. Private letters or reports rela tive to military marches and operations are frequently mischievous in design, and always disgraceful to the army. They are therefore strictly forbidden; and any officer found guilty of making such re port for publication, without special per mission, oi of placing the writing beyond his control, so that it finds its way to the press within one month after the termina tion of the campaign to which it relates, shall be dismissed from the service." By order: W. G. FREEMAN, Assistant Adjutant General. FIRES IN OHIO. On the night of the 23d ulL, twelve or fitteen houses were destroyed by fire at Chilicothe. They were mostly small frames, occupied as stores and mechanic shops, and composed the block known as Hollow's Row, which had been standing for many years. At Ripley, Ohio, on the 21st ulL, a fire broke out in the iron foundry of Beatty & iiurt, wmeh was destroyed, together with the mercantile house of McMiller & Rey nolds and other buildings VESSELS FOR EUROPE. Vessels for Europe were never in greater demand in Philadelphia than at this time. Freights have advanced enormously since the arrival of the stea- ncr. NO MORE! Flow on, sad stream, unto the se3. Thou flowest on as ever; But the heart most dear, no more is here. Forever and forever. . - ; No more ! I hear it in the pines, Through which the night winds roar. These stars will shine in eyes of thine No more, O, never more. Sigh on! sad autumn wind sigh on! . She lies m the grass beneath,- 1 r I make my moan by her grave alone, For the violets have here breath,. O, lonely night! O, wandering moon! Hast thou no word for me? O, love and sorrow! O, day and morrow! Must ye forever be? FROM MEXICO. LETTER FROM GEN. TAYLOR. We lay before our readers the follow ing letter, which tells its own story too well to need any commment. It is but just, however, to its heroic writer, whose courage and judgment are equalled only by his honesty and modesty, to state lhat it was written to a near friend and relative, now resident in this citv, endeared to him by very many years of personal intimacy, to whom he unbosoms all his purposes, opinions and feelings, without the least reserve. This friend would not have taken the liberty of making public a communication of this nature did not the recent manifestations of the envious ma lignity of the Administration and its ser vants and friends towards the man who alone has saved them and their country from the consequences of their rashness, ignorance and incapacity, make it neces sary and just that the object of their base detraction should, at this critical moment be heard in his own defence, by the whole people, in his own simple and hon est language. , We have more of this sort to commu nicate, and shall soon be able to show that, in his defence against his own secret personal enemies and selfish detractors, as well as against the armed enemies, of his country, the old hero of the Rio Grande is ever "Roccm and Ready." -New York Express. Hd. Qrs. Army or Occcfatios, or IsO tasiox, Monterej, Mexico, Nov. 9. '46.$ My dear Your very kind and acceptable letter of the 31st of August, 3 reach ed me only a short time since, for which I beg leave to tender to you my sincere thanks. A few confidential remarks on certain public transactions are here omit ted. After considerable apparent delay on the part of the Qr. Master's Department, in getting steamboats into the Rio Grande adapted to its navigation, I succeeded to wards the latter part of August, in throw ing forward to Camargo, (a town situated on the San Juan river, three miles from its junction with the Rio Grande, on the west side, nearly 500 miles from Brazos from this place,) a considerable depot of -.i ' . ,,i r..- piuvisiuus, uiuiiaiitc, dinuiiiiiwu auu iui- age, and then, having brought together an important portion of my command. I de termined on moving on this place. Ac cordingly, after collecting 1700 pack mules, with their attendants and conduc tors, in the enemy's country, (the princi pal means of transportation for our pro visions, baggage, &c.,) I left on the 5th of September, to join my advance, which had preceded mo a few days to Serralvo, ! a small village 75 miles on the route, 1 which I did on the 9th, and, after waiting j there a few days for some of the corps to j get up, moved on and reached here on J the 19ih, with 6250 men, 2700 regulars, j the balance volunteers. For what look ; place afterwards, I must refer you to my several reporU particularly to my detailed one of the 9ih ult. I do not believe, the authorities at Washington are at all satis fied with my conduct in regard to the terms of the capitulation entered into with the Msxican commander, which you no doubt have seen, as they have been made public through the official or gan, and copied into various other news papers. I have this moment received an answer to my despatch announcing the surrender of Monterey, (and the ciicu in stances attending the same,) from the Secretary ol War, stating that "it was re- grelted by the President that it was not deemed advisable to insist on the terms I had proposed in my first communication to the Mexican commander, in regard tc ' giving up the city," adding that "the cir cumstances which dictated, no doubl jus- tified the change. . Although the terms of capitulation may be considered too lib- eral on our part by the President and his advisers, as well as by many others at a distance, particularly by those who do not understand the position which we oc cupied, (otherwise they might come to a different conclusion in reirard to the mat ter,) yet, on due reflection, I see nothing ; to induce me to regret the course 1 pur- I gygj - The proposition on part of Gen. Am- ! pudia, which had much to do in deter- mining mv nrwo in thp matter, was ba- ,1,. . i mv,mmont ' vf-rnment ; h, nnncA tn hie t cpkIp thfi existing ; difficulties by negotiation, (which I knew was ti.a oc .-'.tii.it, i-r.rt-;nT ihp rp- suit.) which was then under considera- j tion bv the nroner authorities, and which ! he TCen Ampudia"! had no doubt would j result favorably, as the whole of his peo ple were in favor of peace. If so, I con sidered the further effusion of blood not only unnecessary, but improper. Their force was also considerably larger than ours: and from the size and position of the place, we could not completely invest it; so that the greater portion of their troops, if not the whole, had they been disposed to do so, could, any night, have abandoned the city, at once entered the mountain .passes, and effected their re treat, do what we could! Had we been put to the alternative of taking the place by storm, (which there is no doubt we should have succeeded in doing,) we should in all probability, have lost fifty or one hundred men in killed, besides the wounded, which I wished to avoid, as there appeared to be a prospect of peace, even if a distant one. 1 also wished to avoid the destruction of women and chil dren, which must have been very great, had the storming process been resorted to. Besides, they had a very large and strong fortification, a short distance from the city, which, if carried with the bayonet, must have been taken at a great sacrifice of life; and, with our limited train of hea vy or battering artillery, it would have re quired twenty or twenty-five days to take it by regular approaches. That they should have surrendered a place nearly as strong as Quebec, well fortified under the direction of skilful en gineers, their works garnished with forty-two pieces of artillery, abundantly supplied with ammunition garrisoned by 7000 regular and 2000 irregular troops, in addition to some thousand citizens ca pable of, (and no doubt actually) bearing arms, and aiding in its defence, to an opposing force of half their number, scan tily supplied with provisions, and with a light train of artillery is among the un accountable occurrences of the times. I am decidedly opposed to carrying the war beyond Saltillo in this direction, which place has been entirely abandoned by the Mexican forces, all of whom have been concentrated at San Luis Potosi; and I shall lose no time in taking possession of the former, as soon as the cessation of hostilities referred to expires, which I have notified the Mexican authorites will be the case on the 13th insU, by di rection of the President of the United States. If we are (in the language of Mr. Polk and General Scott) under the necessity of 'conquering a peace," and that by taking the capital of the country, we must go to Vera Cruz, take that place, and then march on the city ol Mexico. To do so in any other direction. I consider out of the question. But, admitting that we conquer a peace by doing so, say, at the end of the next twelve months will the amount of blood and treasure, which must be expended in doing so, be com- I pensated by the same? I think not, es- j Peci?uy 11 be given up. it the country we subdue is to 1W .1 I A given up, ana l imanne mere are oui few individuals in our country who think of annexing Mexico to the United Slates. I do not intend to carry on my opera tions (as previously stated) beyond Saltil lo, deeming it next to impracticable to do so. It then becomes a question as to what is best to be done. It seems to me that the most judicious course to be pur sued on our part would be to take posses sion at once of the line we would accept by negotiation, extending from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific, and occupy the same, or keep what we already have pos session of; and that, with Tampico, (which I hope to take in the course of the next month, or as soon as I can get the means of transportation,) will give us all on this side of the Siena Madre, and, as soon as I occupy Saltillo, will include six or seven States or Provinces, thus holding Tampico, Victoria, Monterey, Saltillo, Monclova, Chihuahua, (which I presume General Wool has possession of by this time,) Santa Fe anil the California, and say to Mexico, "Drive us from the coun try" throwing on her the responsibility and expense of carrying on offensive war; at the same time closely blockading all her ports on the Pacific and the Gulf. A course of this kind, if persevered in for & short time, would soon bring her to her proper senses, and compel her to sue for peace, provided there is a Government in the country sufficiently stable for us to treat with, which I fear will hardly be the case for many years to come. W ith out larjre reinforcements of volunteers I from the United States say ten or fifteen I thousand, (those previously sent out ha ving already been greatly reduced by sickness and other casualties) I do not believe it would be advisable o march be yond Saltillo. which is more than two hundred miles beyond our. depot? on the. Rio Grande a very long line on which to keep up supplies (over a land route, in a country like this) lor a large force, and certain to be attended with an expense which will be frightful to contemplate when closely looked into, From Saltillo to San Luis PoUm, the nexi pia.ee ui nuyurui next Dlace of importance on the road to the citv of Mexico is three iree hundred miles; . t i . i I one hundred ana 'oriyj,amy aceu where no suppi procured for men or horses. Uavei. formed the War Department that 20,000 efficient men would be necessary to en- sure success if we move on that place, (a city containing a population of G0,000, where the enemy could bring together and sustain, besides the citizens, an army of 50,000,) a force which, I apprehend, will hardly be collected by us with the train necessary to feed it, as well as to trans port various other supplies, particularly ordnance and munitions of war. In regard to the armistice, which would have expired by limitation in a few days, we lost nothing by it, as we could not move even now, had the enemy continued to occupy Saltillo; for, strange to say, the first wagon which has reached me since the declaration of war was on the 2d in stant, the same day on which I received from Washington an acknowledgment of my despatch announcing the taking of Monterey; and then I received only one hundred and thirty-five; so that 1 have been, since May last, completely crip pled, and am still so, for want of trans portation. After raking and scraping the country for miles around Camargo, col lecting every pack-mule and other means of transportation, I could bring here only 80,000 rations, (fifteen days supply,; j with a moderate supply of ordnance, am munition, &c, to do which all the corps had to leave behind a portion of their camp equippage necessary for their com fort; and, in some instances among the volunteers, their personal baggage. I moved in such a way, and with such lim ited means that, had I not succeeded, I should no doubt have been severely repri manded, if nothing worse. I did so to sustain the Administration. Of the two regiments of mounted men from Tennessee and Kentucky, who left their respective Stales to join me in June, the latter has just reached Camargo; the former had not got to Matamoras at the latest dates from there. Admitting that they will be as long in returning as in getting here, (to say nothing of the time necessary to recruit their horses,) and were to be discharged in lime to reach their homes, they could serve in Mexico but a very short lime. The foreiroinsr remarks are not made with the view of finding fault with any one, but to point out the difficulties with which I have had to contend. Monterey, the capital of New Leon, is situated on the San Juan river, where it comes out of the mountains the city (which contains a population of about twelve thousand) being in part surround ed by them at the head of a large and beautiful valley, The houses are of stone in the Moorish style, with flat roofs, I which, with their strongly enclosed yards gardens in high stone walls, all looped for j musketry, make them each a fortress within itself. It is the most important piace in Northern Mexico, (or on the cast side of Sierra Madre,) commanding the only pass or road for carnages from this s-ide, between it and the Uull ol Mexico, to the table-lands of the Sierra, by or through which the city of Mexico can be reached. I much fear I shall have exhausted your patience before you get half through this lon and uninteresting letter, ll so. you can only commit it to the flames, and think no more about it, as 1 write in great haste, besides being interrupted every five minutes; so that you must make great al lowances for blots, interlineations, and blunders, as well as want of connexion in many parts of the same. Be so good as to present me most kind ly to your excellent lady, and accept my sincere wishes for your continued health, prosperity, and fame. I remain, truly and sincerely, - your friend, Z.TAYLOR. NEXT PRESIDENCY. On the 8th of January, the Democrats in the Missouri Legislature held a mee ting in the capitol at Jefforaon city, and adopted resolutions recommending a na tional convention, to be held in Baltimore on the first Mondav in May 1818, to no minate President and Vice President of the United States. Hon, Thomas Hart Benton was recommended bv the meeting to the democracy of the nation, as a pro per candidate for the next Presidency. A Whig meeting in Missouri has nom inated the Hon. John J. Crittenden for President. Pa. Int. The Monmouth Intelligencer announ ces the death, at the resdence of his daughter, at Point Pleasant, in that coun ty, on Friday the 15th ultimo, of John Chamberlain, in his 105th year. He was a revolutionary pensioner, and raised ele ven children, whose offspring amount to 175 -children, grand, Great, and graat grand. " FROM THE SEAT OF WAK. CorraponJcntt of lhe A?w Orleans Delia. Mat amor s, January 9, 1847. General Scott returned here on tho 6th instant from Camargo. He told mo that every thinj was quiet above, and no probability of any hostile collision at pre sent. He said for the next ten or fifteen anvs he shorn Id be at the Brazos Santiago, . ace. He was asked in my hearing to what point he would go when he should leave here; he replied to the point circumstances should make it ne cessary at the time. No one is author ized to say on what point he will move, or when he will go. The various regiments in depot along the river for months past are under orders to march as soon as the new troops com ing out shall arrive to relieve them. Generals Taylor and Patterson are marching on Victoria, and must soon be there, if not already arrived. The engi neers, with the picneers and their escort, had at the last accounts nearlv reached Victoria, on the route General Taylor is marching, not having met the least oppo sition. There is no positive information from the column of General Patterson since he left San Fernando. There is no doubt of his advancing in safety. It will be gratifying to the friends of General Scott to learn that he is very well received by the iroops. His com manding and military appearance, com bined with the suavity of his manners, has dispelled the prejudices and opinions of many who had never seen him. Gen. Taylor that sturdy old soldier is much gratified to learn of the arrival of the General-in-chicf of our armies. He has fame enough to prevent any fears of a ri val, and is gallant and generous enough to be willing to share opportunities for dis tinction with a brother officer as brave and as generous as himself. There will be no rivalry between Generals Scott and Taylor but upon one point, and that will be, who can best serve the country. My information from Saltillo is to iht? 29th ultimo, and from Monterey two days later. A correspondent, speaking of the message of the President of Mexico, says "it breathes war, but with becoming diffidence." The best-informed inhabi tants at Saltillo and Monterey are of opin ion the Congress will accept the proposi tion of our President to appoint ministers to negotiate, and say they are for a peace. Here the message excites no sensation, so far as can be yet seen. General Butler commands at Saltillo, and Was the brigades of Wool, Worth, and Lane, besides the artillery and dra goon corps in that neighborhood. There i3 no apprehension of any attack. The main body of the Mexican army was still at San Luis. General Marshall has the chief military command about Monterey, whilst Colonel Garland continues to go vern the city. General Taylor, it is said, arrived at Linares on the 30th ultimo. If so, he has reached Victoria before this time. HIGHLY IMPORTANT. PLAN OF OPERATIONS AGAINST MEXICO. The editor of the Spanish paper in New Orleans, who was recently appoint ed one of Gen. Scott's aids, but whose commission was subsequently revoked, gives the subjoined as the new plan of operations against Mexico, under Gen. Scott, and we notice that letters from Washington state that it may be relied on as correct: Gen. Taylor, instead of moving upon San Luis Potosi, will repair to Saltillo, where hs will remain for a short period. , Gen. Scott, after having made some ar rangements on the Rio Grande, will has ten to Tampico, where he will assume the command of 7,000 volunteers recently called out and ordered to assemble at that point. From Tampico Gen. Scott will march towards Vera Cruz, and Gen. Taylor will make a simultaneous move ment towards Tampico with all the troops I e can muster, after leaving suffi-i vnt force to garrison Saltillo, Monterey, Victoria, kc. and in union with Gen. Wnr h's di vision, will join Gen. Scott, who will have at his command the new military arm of rocketeers and howirzeers. At the proper moment, fifteen or six teen vessels of the American Squadron, with a force of from 230 to 300 guns of all size? and calibres," will appear off San Juan d'Ulloa, and begin the attack upon the castle. According lo the new pbn of operations, the land forces will rendevous at the mouth of the river Antigua which empties into th? Gulf a short distance to the North of Vera Cruz and ascend the same to where the main road to Jalap-i crosses it. If this pbm be speedily put into execution, there can ba no doubt but that Vera Cruz and the cas le will a speedily fall into the power of the Aruri c.m forces; but if any faith be put in S.-n-la Anna's declarations, it is plain, he vrill be able to cut off the advjncc of General Taylor from Snltillo. The suit of Mrs. Gen. G .inesin which she obtained a verdict of 317,000 000 in the district of Louisiana, i hori!y to come before- the Sprcnu Court Units .1 Siat-, vn va ;
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