Con ;rc:, s promptly ree ponded
: d.e expectations of the country, and,
i,y the net of the thirteenth of .May la?U
;:.-og-iised ths fict that war oxisted, by
th? act of Menou. bei-venn the United
v- :; J .-: republic, '-ni granted th3
means necessary for its rigorous prosecu
tion. Beimr ia-olrr J in a war lutis eom-
br Mexico, red for the justice of
which on .ur part we" mar roi.udendy
appeal to the world, I nWvod I a .prose
rjtrtitwiih the utimt vigor. Accord-i-ijv.
the poru of Mexico on the Gu.f
',.)' n t'is lVcific have been p?2ced nn
Mock ado, and her territory invad.nl at
.-he l-ar't.'. -u'a of '' r "''l ! cor. "tiered provinces in Mexico, assimd?.
. :i'A iu.brm von j: or? devil cf j t'ni :J.vn as far 8 practtc db to the free
m rn ;;r'i'- -i! r-mcrgrr.cy irt .
T.J k
.r.l o;
t
r coutt'rv " ' ' rr 1 ' ;KI m u'c
., -tr.c results w hich h vc becti wTom
.cd.
".r varlou? columns cf the army have
;.i.ed ikeirduty under grat disr.d-
:.-.'!, wit!: tlie most distinguished
1 , :. course. The victories of I VJo
.-, and lirrrrii d." la IVma.cr.d of Mon-
nu:i '.'".tlv superior nitnt-
t r-.- c?d r2T.i'::J't r.to.-t decided rdvr.ntr'jie?
. r ;!:er ri-pects or. tie p.:rt rf the ev.e
i:.v. u o-e hr;'!;: u: in t'-cirTsecutitsn, nnd
r- ,".;dc fj: Itr .vc oln.vr nn.l s'!di?rs to
the cT3:.,r--d t!i riNS of their country.
The nati'.vi d?p-crcs t'l'r of the h.ravc
ufi-ccrs a:v.l ivien wr.o r:ifi::tiily fd!
en wh'lc vindieai'-'nnd deftnJing tlieir
country's ri-.'tts tiul l.onor.
It is a ?"!-iect cf pride snd sati?f;:ft;cn
ttist ojr voIr.r.UTr citizen soldiers, who fo
prontpiiy rcfp.uidcd to ih.cir country's c:d!
vi;h an experienre of the discipline of a
caiiTjP of only a few wee ks, Imvc home
their part in the hard forpia hsldc of Mon
t;rey v. i';i a constancy ; nd courr.c equ: 1
1 1 tf.ot of vrtToM tror-ps, r.nd worthy of
lt hhest siotr.i ration. Tr.e privcticn of
lt? ms-'rclics tnrougli the fnemy's coitn
l.ynr.d thrrr.nh a w'.hlcrr.i'ss, have hern
borne without a rvarmur. Bv rnpiJ
tnovcir.tnti tlie province d New Mexico,
v. h.h Santa V?, if? capital, has been cap
tur?d v-Sdjrut hh f ished. The navy has
cc-cpcn-ied with the army, and rendered
itnpertant services: if lift fo brilliant, it
is b;ean?e t!:e ctn'iny h?d no force to n:eet
tlici i n (heir own element, and l-ccav.se
of the defences whicli nature has in'erpos
cd in the dinicultles of ihe navigation ol
ti c .icxicr.n coast. Oitr rqundn?n in the
Pacific, wrh the ce-apcration of a gallant
ciliccr of the array, anJ a i mall force has
tily collected in that distant country, have
required blciu'n'rs poprefsion of the Cali
lornias, and t'ue Auscriean 2;. has been
rai-ed i t every impcria;d point in that
province.
I cM:ira;uh-tc you on the sr-rcees which
ha.s thus atiL'iulcd to our military and na
val operations. In less than seven months
after Mexico eoinuicnced hostilities, at a
lime selci ted by herself, we have taken
possesion of many of her priiu ipal ports
driven !;. k and pursued her invading ar
ray, i.nd acquired military pps;-e?Mon of
die .Mexican provinces of New Mexico,
New Leon, 0:Li'ii:-., T: in: uiipas. and
;!.e California?, a tt'rriiory. larger in ex
dr:n ih .t end-raced in the original
thirteen States of th Union, iiih.ahitcd by
a cmsiderab'c popu!:uii?u. i r.d much of it
more than a thousand miles from the
pom's at which we had to collect our for
ce? and commence cutr movements. Uy
the Mockade, ths import trdc of the ene
my has l-een cut off.
Well nay the Amcricrn people- Im?
proud f the energy and gadan'ry of our
regular and v-'u.ntcur cillctrs and soluiers.
Tjie events of tho: e few months afford a
rraiifving yn.cl' that our rruntiy can,
:tnder auv eme'gt'ncv, corfn!ei:!!v relv for
the maintenance of her h nor anl the t'e
fonce of her rights, no an efi'eetive force,
ready at all times voluntarily to relinquish
the comfurts of home lor the pern's and
privations t-f the cam). And tJnujh
mvJi a lor-c may be for the time expen
sive, it is m i!.e end economical, r.s tb.e
ability to command it removes the neces
sity cf employing a large standing army
in time of peace, and proves that our peo
ple love dir' insli'.uti'iits,. ;md arc ever
ready to dofei.d : nd prelec t them.
Whilst li'e war w: s in r course of i--v-rt-iis
and T.cfr--'f::! prnseeution, being
stid ::::xj'"js to r.rrest i's evils, .ind con-sidt.-!'g
that, the hrilh., at victories of
our arms on she eighth and ninth of May
lai t, the national honor couU not he com
promised by it, mother overture was
made, to IMexieo, by my direction on the
"?t!i of July h-st, to terminate hostilities
by a pence just ;-.nd honorable to both
countries. On the thirlydirst cf Argust
following, die Mexican jrovemxent
clined to accept ihh: friendly overture, but
ref-rred it to the decision of Mexican
Congress, to he assembled m the early
part of tho p'-csent ir.omli. 1 rrnx.i'ni
r.to to yon, herewith, a copy cf the letter
of the Secretary of 't:.te p-reposin!: to re
pen negoilalions. of the ; urv.er of the
Mexican government, am! the reply i here
to by tl;e Secretary of Strte.
The war wi!! continue !o he profccu'ed
wim vigor, as tr.e rest means c steunn?
pearo. tt h r.t-ped m-.t t!:e Oecifnm e5
the Mox'cao. (i:r-prf. in vbich cur lest
overture hrs bee:: rafcrred, m:y re-ult in
n speedy and h.rporablr pcaee. With
.our experience, however, of the. unreason
able course of the Mexican authorities, it
is the patt of wisdom nci to relax in the
energy of our miliary operatic.! ? until
the result is made kr.o.vtn. In ihis view,
it is deemed impr-ttant to hold military
prssrs.p of all ;hc provinces which have
, . i ., .... .. 1
been ta,en until a i.ctimt.ve treaty of j
pe.aos rh-d! ha;e been ccr.e uded and rti-
tied by Ihe two countries. If .he'certifcatVs of naturalization thus
The wm-has no! been wrgod with n grmted be intended by Mexico to shield
view to conrueit ; but having been com- Spanish subjects from the guilt and pnn
rnenced ly Me xico, it hrs been carried ishment of pirates, under our treaty w ith
into lUt cnenty's country, and will be vi- Spain, thev will ceriainlv prove r.navail-pe-u:!y
rosecucd there, wi;h a view to ing. Such a subterfuge" would be but a
c.n n houor;d-ie peace, and (hereby rc- weak elevice to defeat the provisions of a
cure ample ir.elf mniiy for llse expense of t folemn treaty.' -hc
ww, t vrH ?.g tc c-ur much injured 1 rtcomctccd at Congress sLocId im
who "hol.I large pecuniary de-
nsands against Mexico. . -
13, the laws of nations a conquered ter
ritory is subject to be governed by the
conqueror during1 his military possession,
ami until there is either a treaty of peace,
or he dudl voluntarily withdraw from it
The old civil government being necessari
ly superseded, it is the right and duty of
the conqueror to secure Lis conquest, and
to provide for the maintenance of civil or-
! dcr nnd the rights of the inhabitants.
This right has been exercised, and v.is
duty performed, by our military and na
ve! 'commanders, by the establishment of
institutions of our own country. In the
provinces of rcw Mr: x;co, and of tr.e Lin-
iforr.ians little if ay furtl-cr rcaistance is
apprehended la m the inhabitants to the
temporary governments winch have thus,
from the m-ccisity f ilc case, and accord
in? to the laws cf war, been established.
It may he proper to provide for the secu
rity of these important conquests, by ma
king an adequate appropriation for the
purpose of erecting fortifications and de-
i fravim' the exmnsei. necessarily merle iu
to the tnaintoinUK-e'of our possession and
authority cv.:-r them.
Near t!ie close of your last session, f ir
reasons, communicated to Congress, I
deemed it important, as a measure for se
curing a speedy peace with Mexico, tint
asum of money should be appropriated
and ph'ced in the power of the Executive,
similar to tSiat which had been made upon
two former occasions during the adminis
tration of President Jen'erton. '
On tho twenty-sixth of iV.;ru.ary,'1803
an appropriation of two millions of dol
lars was made and placed at the disposal
of the President. I's object is well known.
It was at that time in contemplation to ac
quire Louisiaua from France, and it was
intended to be applied as a part of the con
sideration which might bo paid for that
territory. On the thirteenth of February,
JSCG, '.lie srm? sum was in like manner
appropriated, with, a view t3 ihe purchase
of ike F!orias from Spain. These cp
propriatlor.s were made to meditate nego
tiations, and as a means to enable the Pre
sident to accomplish the imporlar.i 'objects
in view. Though it did not become ne
cessary for the President to use thse ap
propriations, yet a state of things might
have amen in which it would have been
highly important for him to do so, and the
wisdom of making them cannot he doubt
ed. It is believed that the measure recom
mended at your h-st session met with tho
approbation of decided majorities in both
houses o! Congress. Indeed, in different
forms, a bill making an appropriation of
two millions of dollars passed each House
and it i much to be rogretied that ii did
not become a law. The reasons which
induced me to recommend the measure at
that time still exist; and I again submit
the subject to your consideration, and sug
gest the importance of early action upon
it S!riii'i! llio 'iTVMvmri ilmii Iip iit'i'.i
( and be net needed, it will remain in the
treasury ; rhouhl it be deemed proper to
apply it in whole or in part, it viil be ac
counted for as other public expe nditures.
Immediately after Congress had recog
nised die existence of the war widi Mex
ico, my attention was directed to ihe dan
ger that privateers might be fitted ont in
the ports of Cuba and Porto Rico to prey
upon the commerce of the United States;
and I invited die special attention of the.
Spunish government to the fourteenth arti
cle of our treaty with that power cf ti e
twentieth of October, 1725, under which
the citizens and subjects of either nation
w ho shall take the commissions or letters
of marau'j to act as piivateers against the
other 'sihail he punished a? pirates."
It affords me pleasure to Inform you
that I have received assurances front the
Spanish government, that "this article of
the treaty shall he faithfully observed on
its p:;ii. Orders for this purpoi-e were
immediately. transmitted from thai govern
ment to the authorities of Cuba and Porto
Rico to exert their utmost' vigilance in pro
venting any attempt;; to fit out privateers
in those islands against the United States.
From the good f.mh of Spain I am fully
fully satisfied that this treaty will ho ex
ecuted in its spirit r.s well as its letter;
wd'.ilst the United States will, on their
purl, faith fully perform all the obligations'
w hicli it impctf s r n t!:cm. '
Information has been recently received
at lh' Department cf State that the Mex
ican nou'imre'il has le-nlto Havana hlfnk
commissions to privateers, and ohmk cer
tificate s of naturalization, stgnd by Gen
oral Sr. las, the present head of the Mexi
can government. There is, -also, reason
to appre hend that similar documents have
Itoen transmitted to oilier parts of the
woild. Copie s of ihccc papers, in trans
h.'.ticu, are herewith transmitted;'"
As tb.e pre'imimuies required by the
practice cfcivihzed m.ticr.s ior commis
sioning j rivr.'ec i s ai.-d regulating their con
duct er -oar rot to have been observed.
am: a- h er e rc:r.m:sHi-r.s ::re in blank, to
; :c tyx, n wiiJ t;!(.
names of citizens
;nd M:ljr.'.s, oi'rll na liens who may be
willing to purchrte them, Un- whole pro
cecdug ean only be construed as an invi
tation to all the freebooters upon earth,
w ho are wiiiirg m pay for the privilege,
to orm.-o pgrtir.st American commerce.
It wdl he for cur courts cf justice to de
cide whether, under such circumstances,
these Meyioan letters of marque and re
prisal sh; 1! protect thote who accent them
and con-.mil robberies upen the high seas
i uii im- .i'.ii teas
i:pon their authoitv, from the pains end
r.,- 1 . '
mediately provide by law for the trial nnd :
punishment as pirates oi Spanish subjects
who, escaping the vigilance of their gov
ernment, shall be found gniity of priva
teering against tho United ; States. I do
not apprehend serious dangers from these '
privateer?. Our nary will be constantly!
on the alert ta protect cur commerce.
Besides, in case prizes should be made of
American vessels, th utmost vigilance
will be exerted by our blockading squad
ron to prevent ths captors from taking
ihcra into Mexican ports, and it is uotrp
prchei'.ded that any nation w ill violate its
neutrality by fufTuring such prizes to be
condemned and sold within its jurisdic
tion. . -
I recommend that Congress should im- i
mediately provide by law for granting let
ters of inarquo and reprisal against vessels
under the Mexican fl tg. It is true that
there are but few, if any, commercial yes- !
se'.s of Mexico upon the high seas ; and it i
is therefore not probable that many Amer- j
ican privateers would be filled out, m case
n law should pass authorizing this mode
of warfare. It is, notwithstanding, cer
tain that such privateers may render gootl
service to the commercial interests of the
country, by recapturing our merchant
ships, should any he taken by armed ves
sels under the Mexican flag, as we!! as by
capturing these vessels themselves. Idv-
cry means within our power should be!
rendered available, for the protection of our
commerce.
The annual report of the Secretary of
the Treasury will exhibit a detailed state
ment of the condition cf the finances.
The imports for the fiscal year ending on
the :i)th of June last were of the value of
$121,601,707; of which ihe amount ex
ported was 811,320.023, leaving the a
mount retained in ihe country for domes
tic consumption, SI 10,2 15,174. The
value of the experts for the same period
was one hundred and thirteen million our
hundred and, eighty" eight thousand five
hundred and sixteen . dollars; of which
CiCC,Ml,Si)3 counted of domestic pro
ductions, and Cll,3iG,C23 of foreign arti
cles. The receipts into the Treasury for the
same year were SCg.-IOLfM?" CC ; of
which there was derived fiom Customs
$20,712,CC7 87; from sales of , public
lands. 02,0U3.-I52 iS, and from inciden
tal and miscellaneous sources, ft,.2,125 71.
The expenditures lor the same period
were fr28,C31, IM, K:, am! the balance in
the Treasury on 'die 1st of July last was
0, 120, 129 (-8.
The amount v the public debt, includ
ing Treasury notes, on ihe first of the pre
sent month, wds $2!,33r,JU4 HO; of
which the sum of $17,788,700 G2 was
outstanding on the 2nd of March, ISlul
leaving the amount incurred since that
time $(MG7,G9i'C3.
In order to prosecute the. .war wilh
Mexico with vigor and energy, as the best
means of bringing il to a speedy and hon
orable termination, a fhrd-cr loan will he
necessary, to meet the expenditures for
the present and the next fiscal years. If
the war should be continued until the
thirtieth of June, 1848 being the end of
next fiscal ve ar it is estimated that an
additional loan of twenty-three millions of j
dollars will be required. Tills estimate
i -
be necessary to retain constantly in the
treasury four millions of dollars, -to guard
against contingencies. If such surplus
were not required to be retained, then .a
loan of niiie'.cen 'millions of dollars would
be sufilcient. If, however, Congress
is mauc unon ti:e assumntiem t ;:it u ue. '
should, at the present session, impose a I
revenue duly on the principal articles now
end-raced in the free list, it is estimated
that an additional annual revenue cf about
two miliic n and a half, amouitimg, it is
estimated c:i the lidr'h th June, 1843,
to four millions of dollars, would be de
rived from that source ; and die. loan re
ejuired would be reduced bv uiat amount.
Il is estimated, also, that should Congress i
graduate and reduce the price of, inch cf
the public lauds as have boon long in tb.e
market, the additional revenue derived
from the source would be annually, for
several years to come, between half a mil
lion ami a million of dollars; and the loan
required may be reduced by that amount i
also. Should those measures he 'adopted
the loan required would not probably cx
i , . ... . .
ceea canteen or nineteen minions el do!-!
lars leaving in the treat ury a constant I
surplus of four millions of dollars. The'
loan proposed; i? is estimated, will he suf
ficient to cover the necessary expenditures
both for the war and for all other purpo
ses, up to the ihiri'rcth of June. 1858; and ;
an amount of (his lour, not exceeding one-
half, may he roe; ui red during ihe present,
fiscal year, and the greater part of the rc- :
mainder during the first half of the fiscal j
year 'succeeding. " '
In order that timely notice may be giv-'
en, anel proper measures taken to effect'
the loan, or such portirm of il r.s may be
required, it is important that the authori
ty of Congress to make ii be given at an
early poiiod of your present session. It.
is suggested that the loan should be con-;
tracicd for a period of twenty years, w ith '
authority to purchase the tteck and pav
it off, at an earlier period,' at its maiket
value, out of any surplus which, may at
any time be in ihe treasury applicable to
that purpose After the' establishment of.
peace with Mexico, it is'supposcd that a
considerable surplus will exist, tnd that
the debt
may he extinguished in a much
shorter period than that for which it may
be contracted, in preference to a shorter
ncriod, is suggested, because all exvorK
cree, both at home and abroad, has shown
lhat loans are effected upon much better
terms upen long time, than wi en thcy
aie reimbursable at short elates. - -
Necessary r.s this miasm e is, fo sus
tain the honor rr.d the interests of the
country, engaged in a foreign war. it is rot
doubled but that Congress will promptly
authorize it. . .
The balance in the treasury on the first
of July last exceeded nine millions of dol
lars, notwithstanding coneidcrible expes-
i.. -
elitares naa nocn maue tor in "ror e'.urmg; ra.-j.t-i i.u;.-. wM.v... ...
the raond.s of May and June prreeedmg.1 ture?, to tho vah.ic of several rut!hort3 n.
But for the war, tho whole public elebt d.dlar, w!:;ch' c-.r.nj: find i.n:l.:t at
could and would have been extinguished home, are annually exported tj for s?
within a short period ; an 1 il was a part of counlries. Will; such rut; j oi u.ily ..i
my settled policy to do so, and thus re-i those established !y th. cxi-ting law,
lie've the peopls from its burden, and place j system will probably b purm-vwi: , and
the government in a position which would j capitalist, who have made or shall hero
enable it to reduce the public expenditures' after make, their investments in mannf'e
to that economical standard which 13 most : lures, will know rpt,n wh-.t : rely. The
,.-inti;t.ni tvob thi irraf.nl wnTt.ira. and country will be saiistitxl with tl'CJe rates.
tha naro and wholesome nro-r:s cf our
ntitntinnii " . : ' i
institutions.
gainst .Mexico, arising out of her refusal
to treat for peace as well before a9 since
the war so unjustly commenced on her
part, arc the extraordinary expenditures ! to extensive dissatislacttea end complaint, . ttia: taw, i rcco:nmcn,t t.iat t;:e p -y Cs
i which wo have b-een involved. J. s- and to constant efforts ta change or repeal ! d h?hed by it be rruintrmeJ. I; h: bat
lice
per lb.
ble fo
Fcnnrwiv in l!i n:ih!5. pvnpndit
at all times'a hijrh duty which all public
to our own people will make it pro- i them, rendering ad inves!:n:ul-s m maiiu- ; juit commenced to operate ; and to ub-a-
:,t Mexico should be held respond- pctitrers uncertain ana precarious. j,ow- . uo.i or mou.,v u wuu;'u; gi.m g n n r. ,f
r these expenditures. .- er and more permanent rates of duty, at j tfu-I, xvculd bo inexpedient and e.nwi.
functionaries of the government owe to. fits, wm stvure nwn agun. ;.:e uiao. . o.c iu.v naucr correc.eti ; r.u; uri
the people. This dutv becomes the more . frequent changes in the system,, which ; t:i such delects bceorno Kiar.ifcil, the act
imperative in a period'of war, when large; cannot fail to ruinously affect his inter-1 should be f itly tested,
and extraordinary expenditures become ests. j It submitted fjr your consideration
unavoidable. During the existence of the 1 Simultaneously widi the relaxation of j whc.her it may not be proper, as a war
.war with Mexico all our resources should-; the restrictive policy by the United Slates, '. measure, to impose revenue duties i
'be husbanded, and no appropirations made !. Great Britain, from whose, example we ; smno of theartielos now embraced in
except such as are absolutely, necessary ' d .Tired the system, has relaxed liars. I. free li.-t. i?hould i: he d::-mcd p.t-pc-r lo
for its vigorous proiccuiion ;uul the due fc;!.e has modified her corn laws, and re- j impose such duties, widi a i:v to raise
administration of the govern me M. Oh-; tlnced many odier dalles to modeiate rev- revenue to meet ihe expenses of tho war
iccts of appropriation," which in peace emu? rates. After ages of experience, ; widi Mexico, or to avoid to that cxieut
winch in peace
or proper, but
sable for the pub-
he country is cn-
nv.t' be deemed useful
which are not indispeiisr.
lie service, may, when 2ie country
gaged in a foreign war, be well . postpou-
cd to a future period. Bv the observance
of this policy at your present session, : which was to build up immense (oriur.es . Tiu act of the G;h of Argrtot las, ''lo
large amounts may' be saved to the treasu- in tb.e hands of the few, and to reduce the 1 provide fur the l etter orgamz;:icn cf tiic
ry, and be applied to objects of pressing ..laboring, millions to pauperism and mis- Treasury, nr.d for the cuilciUl.T.. saf
and urgent necessity, and thus tho crca-1 cry. : 1' early in t!ic same ratio tii.it L.bor keeping, transfer, and e'iihuroC ::.:;;! if
lion of a corresponding amount of public; was depressed, capital was increased and j the public revenue," haa been carried
debt may be avoided. ! concentrated by the British protective pol-; into execution as rapidly ns tht; del ,v
It is not meant to recommend the ordi-, icy. r,eccscarily arlsiig out of the oppaiut-
nary aiiel necessary appropriutions for the ; The evils cf the system in Great tfri-j meat .f new elfu cr--, takii g an-d appro
support of government should .be w id;- , tain were at length rendered intolerable, ' ving'the bom!.;, t-r.d prepj.-ng and to'ii.'
held, but it is well known that at every and it has bean abandoned, hut not with- j ring proper places for ihe safekeeping r f
session of Congress appropriations are. out a severe struggle on the part of the j the public money, would permit. It :j
proposed for numerous objects which may protect; d and favored classes to retain the ivt proposed to depart in any res -.eel
or. may not Ik imcde, wttimat materially
. . . ...
affecting ihe publie interest ; and these it
is roce:n mended snoulv! not be grantee!.
The act passed tur last session redu-
cing tho duties on imports" not having ever an attempt was mao to modiiy or
gone into operation until tlu; first of the ; abolish the same unjust system here.
present mouth, there has not been time' The pro-ccltiva policy had been in oper
for its practical effect; upon tho revenue ' afion in the United .Slates for a much
and the business of tb.e country, to bo dc-'l shorter period, and its pernicious effecb
ve'ijped.- It is not doubted, however,; were na, therefore, so dearly perceived
that the just -policy whicli it adopts will' and felt. Enough, however, was known
add largely to our foreign trade, and pro-i of these effects lo induce its repeal,
mote the general prosperity. Although L It would be strango if, in t lie face of the
it cannot be certainly ibrsecn what amount ! example of Great Britain, our principal ; cffecteJ, and the uhibursem.'nts are to be
of revenue it will yield, it. is estimated that I foreign enstomerc, and cf the evils of a j made at points rrn.ny hundred miles tls
it will exceed that produced by the-act of system rendered manifest in that country ur.:, In so tr.e cases, from any depository,
ISiU, which it superseded. The leading; by long and prdnt'nl experience, .and in j and a large portion ol thorn in a fore:gn
principles cstablisdied by it are, to levy j the face of the- immense advantages which . cotmtry. The modliicatirms suesteti in
the taxes 'with a view to raise revenue, ! under a. more liberal commercial policy, i die roper: of the; Secretary of the treasury
and to impose them upon ihe a iicies im
ported aceorumg to their' actual value,
The act of ISi-J, bv the excessive rales
of duty which it imposed on many articles ! should restore a policy which she has ; your attention to the importance of es
cither totally excluded them from impor-; been coinpelicel to abandon, and thus di-! tehliehiug a brancli of ihe mint of the U
taiion, or greatly reducetl the amouisl in:- 1 loinish her abiiity to . purchase from us 1 niled folates at Mt'.v Y.-rk. Two-thirds
ported, and thus diminished instead of the. food and oth.-r articles which she she j of ihe icvenue de.-ived from customs being
producing revenue. By it the taxes were so much' needs, and we so much ties-ire to j collected r.t that poia, the demand for
impoed not ior the iegaimatc purpeiao of sell. j specie to pay the duties will l e large;
raising revenue, but m afford advaniaes I By the simultaneous abandonment of, end a branch n.iiit, v.he;e foreign coin
to favored classes, at ihe expense of a huge J the protective policy by Great Britain and ; ami bullion could be immediately convert
majority of their fcllow-citizeas. Those i tb.e United Stales, new ami important ed into. American cole, would greatly
employed it: agrieuhure, mechanical pur-1 markets have already been opened lor our : facilitate the transaction of the public bu
suils, "comjaeree, and navigation, were agricultural and other products ; commerce ; sir. ess, enlarge the cirrulat'on cf grvl and
compelled to contribute faun their sub-! and nav igation have rcecived anew in;-j silver, am! be, at the same lime, a safe de
stance to -swell the profits and overgrown 1 pi use ; lalior and trade have been released : posltr ry of tho public money.
wealth of the comparatively few w ho had
invested their, capital in manufacturers.
The taxes were not levied in proportion
to the value ol the articles upon which
they were imposed; but, widely depart
ing from this just rule, the lighter taxes
were, in many cases, levied upon articles
of luxury, and high prices and heavier
taxes on those of necessity and low price,
consumed by thegreat mass of ihe people.
Il was a system, the inevitable effect of
which was lo relieve favored classes and
tb.e wealthy few from contribuilng their
just proportion Tor the support of govern
ment, and to lay the burden on tb.e labor
of the many, engagctl in other jnirsuits
than mamdactures.
A system so unequal and unjust has
been superseded by theexisting iaw which
imposes duties not for llie benefit of inju
ry of classes or pursuits, but distributes,
"and, as far r.s practicable, equalizes the
public burdens among all classes, who un
der the unequal and unjust system which
has been repealed, have heretofore realiz
ed lar-re profits, and many of ibom amas
sed large fortunes, at the expense of the
i; liriiKlllc, i.i m - i - -j
, I .,...... iA
mrnv wno nave men mauc irioiiouv m i mij. ..i. . wn. i.im , .m. ,-i t.u mii-h- w
thein, will have no reasons to complain if j to the bounties which have enriched oth-1 the Stales owning lauds within their limits
thev shall be required 10 hear their ju-t cr. ;' .' j in whicli it hrs been adopted. They have
proportion of the taxe?s necessary fir the Wh.en a foreign as w ell as a home mar-j been demensfrated also by tl:c United
support of government. So fir from it, it j kef is opened to them, they must receive, j States acting as the trustee of the Ciilcka
wi'l be perceived, bv.an cx-mluai'ion of; as they are now receiving, increased pri-1 saw tube of Indians in the sale cf their
it.n f.vUrr-T law. that 'dir-orlr.iuaticr.s in
:the rates ofdutv imrbsetl, widdn 'th rev-;
r..-f rrincirle have been retained in ihe ir
hivor. The iucidenla! aid 52a:nst lorcgn
competition which thev still i nioy civrs
them an advantage wldch no o-rier pur-
The incidental aid rioust lorcgn
. . ...
suits possess ; but of ibis none othe rs wm
Complain, because, tb.e duties levied are
necessary fm- revenue. These revenue
duties including freights., and .charges,
which the importer must pay before he
can come in compelition with the home
manufacturer in our markets, amount, on
nearly all cur deeding branches cf menu- mimo.but the (.ehcienetcs oi Icoarcquirca ; many persons ethmttfd moans were en::
facirre? te more than onc-tbin! of the v;d- by t!;c whede world. . j Med to p.irehaso small tracts, 'upon which
ue of the iinpbrted article. "and in scn:oca-: That tho reduced production of some ; they hae e rei'Jed with their families,
ses to almost rnedu.lf its valre. With; of the chief articles of food in Great Bri- That f iiuli ar result:? we aid be produced
sreh rdvantrges; it is not doubted that! tain, and other parts of Europe, may Liive by tie rdopijon of the graduation policy
cur domestic manufacturers w ill continue i contributed jn lhcrcire t'io; demand for ; bv the United Stairs in which tliev are
lo prosper, realizing in well conducted
establishments even greater pro'fi! lhan
can U: derived frr-m any other reguh-r bu
siness. ' Indeed, so f.ir frprn requiring the
protection of even ttv.-idehtaf.'rrveruc'du-ties.
rur ir,anufac;im--rs in several leading
branches are extending their 'business, riv
ing evidences of great ingenuity ' end skill,
and of their ability to compete, with in
creased prospect of success, for the open
T U- w-t.1 Tirt.-eii f--i"Fc
because the advantages whicli the mama-
Tactures stdl cniov residt necessarily from
t!i3 collection of revenue for thj support
r of government. High protective duties,
' from their unjust operation upon the mas-
sesofthe pcepL-, cannot fail to give rise
: . raanufactarer bdr and . remunerating pro -
emu? rates. Attar ages oi experience,;
' ihe statesmen of that country have been ;
.constrained by a stern necessity, and pub-1
..lie opiniou having iis deep foundation in t
-the su iuirings and wants of impoverished
' millions, to hbandvti a synnni the cilectofj
i i t i
: uup.ist :;u vantages wfirett tuey nave so
! long enjoyed. It was to he expected lhat
a similar struggle would be made bv die
same clashes in tho Unite d States, when-
ni.f.e is'. die same time that ihev wul yieii t: ice : cm;ouu uut'cs in any ci U3 tic fails be r.?-
we arc a! recti y uenvmg. ano nur-t corf.ni- j are re-commendi-d in your favoratle ccn
tte to derive by suprlvin-r- her starviuL' ! sideratiou.
i population wan food, the tinted, olatas
j from the artificial trammcis wntea iiavc
I so long fettered them ; and lo a great ex -
tent reciprocity, m ine exemmge ci com -
modi tics, has boon introduced at the same
time bv boih countries, and crca.tlv for
the benefit of both. Great Britain Las
been forced by the pressure of circumstan- favored de e-oneideradon. Many millions
cejs at home, to abandon a policy which j of acres ed' these iar.d.-. have been ottered
has been upheld for ages, end to open her in the market for more than thirty years,
markets; lor our immense Mifp'us of breed-: and large r qcriiiie for more than ten or
stuffs ; ii is confidcutlv brieve i! that' twenty years; tC being of rn inferior qual-ot-her
Bowers id' Iduvop.a will ultimately iiy, they mnt remain uneaieaife for an
sec ihe v. isilom, if they U not c ampelied : ind-. f. i:to period, un!cj the pric at
by, tlie pauperism and sufferings oi their 1 winch dtey may be purchased si., .11 l e
crowtlcd population, to pursue a similar , reduced. To place a price up vi them a
policy. ! hove their reel v. due is not only to pre-
Onr farmers are more deeply interested vent their sal?, and thereby deprive the
in maintaining tb.e just and liberal policy , Treasury ef any income from that source
of ihe existing law than any other class . but is unjust to the Stales in which thev
of our citizens. Thev constitute s large ; lie, because it retards their rrcvlh i.nd
majority of our population ; and it is well
known that when ihey prosper, all other; have no power to lew n tax upon tliem
purstnts prosper also. They have here-' as upon other Iamhj within their limits,
tofore notonly receiwd none of the bauin-! held by other p. oprietord th.an the Uniicd
ties or favors of governme nt, but, by the . Stales, for the support cf their local gov
unetjual operati"ns of th'i protective poll- I c rumen's.
cy, have leen n.ae'e, bv the burde'i-s of; The l.'cncficial e fleets of il c rrrdui;ion
. .
, t'linliiti irliif1!: it !t.-!r--;w! !f, r.-an'.i-fn
hr their -ut.,;Ucs. i i.ev-wiii fine! a
reade rsele, and at better prices, for their
. '-vhe.c. heur, rye, inc.an corn, beet, pone,
. larti. nuuer, o.ruc, cn-.i omer article,
. noeu ovue;, c.ec,
! which diey produce
ah ne is m: dc-uate 1
The hem fl-market
to fnahlejhcni to ells -
pose of the 'immiuse surplus of J;od and
other ariichs which they are capable of; qttently off. red H;r r-rde af graduated and
producing, even rt !ue most reduced pri- j reduced rates for limited p eriods. The
ces ,'for tb.e manifest reason that they can- ' re: ;:l; we, that !arg." (ptantiues of thsse
not be consumed in ihe country. The; bads, were purelutsed, v.'iich would oih-Uniti-d
States can, from their . immense I wise: have remained uno!d. The lauds
surplus, supply not only tho home de -
bread:- 'tills and prov;s ions. Is r.nt doubted; ihe rnvrmra of large lodlca cflandwh-cli
but that the great and t ffcle at ' reuse of have. Ie:a !-ig in the market, cannot bo
this increased demand, and of Jnercc.-ed ' donated. It cannot he a sound policy to
prices, cousictnln the. removal cf r.rtifieirl , withhold largo cuanttiics of piduic. lands
restrictions k?rciof..ro in;pesed, is deem- i from the r.? and occupation of our cia
td to be cquHv ccio.in. . That' cur ex-; zcn, bv fi.ln - upon the.it prices which
ports of foeel, already increased and in- , cxperienr-e has thown they will not corn
creasing beyond former rxamp'o, under ; mand. On the contrary, it is a wise pol
the rnoio liberal policy which lias been a-; icy to slTord fat ilities to our citizens to
depied, will bo vastly enlarged, unl?s3 become the owners, at low and malmt?
th, cr he clicked or pr:"TC:;,c 1 7 w
rati ;t of th? prT.pc".ive p -!;.",-, ci x .-: .
d .. ?. Tirit o",r e"-a-n -cld ! :. !T .
inter?-.' will b cd.r! i i c
rtpom!l:ig ra'lo wh thi re.!-" r f o if
Iradc. I ept diy cer!..ri; wh'.'.i n;r ma j
ufacluring inVrcsti w ill slid ! o th? fivc
ctl iii?er?sis of t!io count r.-, and rfr-.M,-
the irtciJcdt d protection alTorded ihcra by
revenue d.r.ir ; an 1 inore thua this vly
ca-trct justly demand.
! in my annual mcfrgo cf D.vcTiVr
i last, :i tariit of rev-nuj i.aties b.a--ed ui.j
: th.u principles of th j cxistm r hnr w?s ro
commenced ; ere. I m ve seen no rea-.cn to
charge the o,v.n;en thin cxprjs-e !. Ia
I rhnv of the prcbul-Ie renctlcia! cTv:., of
. - cartained by actual exocrier.e-e to exist.
wr.n .v,exico, or to avoul to lhat cxieut
the ere;. lion of a public tkh they may Le
repealed v, hen, the e.aar; ;ucy w hieh ga;
rise U them shall cease to cit!. a..; i cn.i-
siituto no part cf die permanent policy of
the country.
' . ...
i from
oio pnnvipi c:
p-'-.u y ca wn.ca
louuehfd. There
j this
r;'eat measure is
arc, however, defect? in the details of tho
measure, devoh-pcu by its practical oper
ation, whicli are fully set fj;ih in 'the
report of tho Secretary of the Treasury,
to v.huh, the alleniicn cf Congress is
invited. These tlefce. would impair to
some extent the successful operation of
tho law at all times, but are (peeiaiiv
cmbarrissing w hen tb.e country is engaged
in a war, when the expenditures are
greatly increased, when leans arc to laj
! In connection with this subject, I invito
j i i:e unpertanc? ci graduating arvd rcdu
! cing the pti -o cf such of the piddle lar.da
; as nave i c-n f.-rg ctere! in tne market,
1 at the ininimma r
; i:ijr l.iv.s, and rem
aut.;nricd by exist-
,n u;i;;i!
muuees me
; again to recon' mend
i. .a su-'-ecl
to your
increase cf population, and because they
. - - 0
I iinrin'.. !.-ir fi l.x n r.:"'.-,,,! I... .... C
i !.'.nd& Ivhig within tho States of Miis;
iis?'p-u-
lands,
j pi and Alabama. The Chic. e.:-.iv.-
i wnlcii vrnld net cenonansl in the maiket
it:o mmnur.r.i price es'i-a uetifi: by the
:- laws cf :h
Vmbxl Slate- rr t!;2 sale
of
; iheir h.nd
, were in pureuano cf the
j treat of i&Clwith the t tnhe, subse-
j were di-posed of at their real value, and