I
t ,
t1
- '1
OFPiiUTlOXS OF APT- FH!
M:iM IX tii'PKit CALironMA-
'r fn-mKnib &t4i io the rrts'dcvt.
SiL- in -'he altwvj of official informa
tion on the .KoclWLiiteaat CoWl
(then C:.ptela5 FeesioaVs operations in
rppcrfM&rria. I den It my duty to
ly before ywt the rr'vate Ie,,ew wI"cl 1
Jnrvr? received from that offi-cer, fcr the
of showing you Ms actual posit
rioa st the latest dates; the unwilling
manner in wldeh lie became involved in
liosii!iti with Ihe Mexican authorities of
that proving, before he had heard of the
vnr with Mexico; and especially to dis
rrove the accusation, made officially a-
-ains! hLia by Governor Castro, of having j
rorue Into California -with a tody of L ni
?d States troops, under the pretext of a
fe.entUic expedition, nut m reaim 10
I,rev"
Icxi-
cite the .Americans settled in that
i ice to an insurrection arainst the
Government, and ofiicially made by Gov-
I'pnr.r CriPtro- in a desrauh to the Minis-,
..r vr .1 s; ,w r!r,v of the
jst oi April iaM, rim n,. . x..
- . . 1 ....: ! T. I. ...1 AV
.1 i,:,nr i4nuiincauu. in n:e ti.y ui
is herewith presented.
ea Government. This accusation is cf thoritics. 1 he same corrcspoince km
. . t i . -m ! shows the e.'inre falsehood of ail tnc su-
3hn graves! ;haracrtC7, most serious! v im- . . . r,n..nrn, ' "ol
e prrbtive nconrid.' wn;cn Uo;nrnor v, ab-
jiliratiiig lite good faith and honor of cur. ,.. :n. jjis (fJC;hi report about the .,t
iMexlco, by the order of the Mexican , wjjilc Fremont, with sixty-two men and j 'x'c'c . .v j'pu' f;f Mav, Gap
Government, on tlie Uth of. May la.-t. A two hundred horses, were slowly retiring:! y'rCnoiL in oiirsuance of his design
r . . nf T?-r- ' i!! a hodv. almost in his view. ::nd utterly ; . 1 1 ... 1... .k f'.
cenv 01 tms paper was sc-ui iu iVii.-v. nr.-. - . . - to rcacil VJre-ron, anu n-iurn o ;;a;
1 i 1 .. it,-. at ahstaininjr irom anv act ol oh.uiee to the : , .. , t, ,ilt, fCnriTi-
vnvr. mv dauliter. bv toe Hon. M. : -, .. , lum'oia and .Missouri turouti toe iNOiui-
1 c province or its au.noritics. 11 was no t-, rr ,u m, . ..,.-:- hclir.
Jiinrrj -;d an En d'sh translation of it , . , f, trn Pass m the Itockv .,lou.i..i..s, nan ar-
C'i.iPELi., .!u an en i.mi uuusuuuu uj "M Ol,!, l !ls h iprf iwrl o (hh Governmenti . , mm - . ,.(. t ..1... :
Yhe:i Captain Fremont left the United . forni i that led to his subsequent operations
Stales to complete his scientific labors hey-! in May to i xtermiu itc Fremont's party
ond the Rocky Mountains, it was with a j and all the. American settlers en the ta
iv.li hnowlcd'-e of the politicsl well a? ( er ur.euto.
ptr-it ditljcuUies of the enterprise, On return from the evacuated camp on
lie knew that the relations of the United ; the Sierka, the Governor also put forth a
Stitcs were critical t.o'U with .Mexico ana , proclamation, in tne vein 01 nis report, 1 a! 0fwin!er. These
Great Britain : that he was going through j rnd even worse, sty iing Fremont and his j .vcVthe tiijliculties and dattjr-rs in front,
the territories of the one and among the; nea a band of hi iiway robbers, phi rcder- j j,jn! "anjj on nor., Nnri; of the San
aeu!eranl3 of the other; that jealously j ir.g th people, tc, which accusation of j "'""b--v n Mhe military post of So-
would attach to his movements, and all
his acts be referred to his Government ; ;' invevtiijai..-, jnd found lobe a very trival
and he was perfectly determined to uve ' oilVnce cf:;ANEKS, (not of law cr morals,)
the inmost circumspection in all his con-,' which the injured parly vahu-d at iivedol
rdueu confining himself wholly to his -ci-( hirs, and for which Cap!. Fremont gave
cntiiie pursuits, and carefully nvoidinc a ; tc-n. For the rest, the Consul, after all
vreli the appearance as the reality of eith- thi..-, declares the inhab't.-.uts of the coun
cr a political or military mission. With try to be well pleased with ("'apt. Frnnna:
thii vi!w, and afier having traversed the j and hii hemiht v. . Ik the streets of Mon
desei't, and crossed the Great liasin which tercy the next d.;y alone, if he chose.
lies between the liocky Mountains and : T.he only truth in Governor C'astro's des
lhe S'icra Xevnla of the Jiiia California ! patch is, that Cap!: in Fremont took a mil
iic left his men upon the frontier, an hun-' i:r-ry pcrhion, ruticnchcd it, and raised
)red miles from Monterey, and weutalons j t'no Aiucric .n ikg; but three event? were
o th.it city to explain his object and wisli-. the coNsnQi'EXCt. and not the cAtss cf
cs in person to Governor Castro. He ; Gov. Castro's movement against him ;
did this io the most formal and ofUcial I und this is fully shown in that brief, hero
rnacner in company with the United Stales ; ic note, written in pencil, in answer to the
Ccrisul, Mr. Larkin, (at whose house he ; Consul's warning, in which Capt. Frc
fftGpped;) and, conforming to the who'e ! mo::t, after refusing th aid of the Ameri
leiail oi Spanish ceremonial, he not only j can settlers, declared for himself and his
called on the governor, but also on the J sixty-two men that they had done nothing
prefect and the alcalde. The interview j wrong to the authorities or the people of
was entirely satisfactory. To the Gov- J the country that if attacked lln-y would
crnor's remark that he was bringing a defend themselves, an 1 die to the last man
considerable body of United States troops i
with him, Capt. F. answered that it was j
not so that he had no troops at ail, only j
51 few hired racn for security against Indi
ans and killing game ; lhat he was not c-
ven an ollicer o! the line, but o! J opo-j
gTsphwd Engineers; and that he was i cansymbol of honor and patriotism, which
eekirg rw route (among other objects j was entitled to respect from others to de
of science) to the mouth of the Columbia, i fence from them and which thev had
upon a line furhier south tnan the present i
travelling route, and which had brought j
itiia through the unsettled parts of the j
Lpper Cahlornia ; anu iiial he now wish
ed to winter in the valley of the San Joa
quin, where there was game for his men
and grass for his horses. To this the
Governor agreed, and Cap!. Fremont left
Monterey to bring his men to the beautiful
valley which he had explored in hi? pre
vious expedition, and to which both him-
eclf and his men looked forward as to a 1
paradise of repose and refreshment, after
their toilsome and perilous march of three
thousand miles among savage tribes, and
through wilderness and desert countries.
Scarcely had he arrived in this vallev
vhcrt, information began to reach him
from 1 ail 'quarters lhat the Governor was
raising the province against him, and
coming open him with troops of all arms
cavalry, artillery, and infantry and
that his situation was most critical and
dangerous. The Consul sent a special
messenger to warn him of his danger; the
American settlers below offered to join
him ; but he utterly refused their assis
tance because he would not compromise
them. But he did what honor and self
preservation required, and what the cour
rege and fidelity of his men enthusiastically
seconded. He took a position, and wait
ed tlie approach of the assailants ; and
that position was nearer to them, on the.
summit of the Sierra, overlooking Mon
terey, at thirty miles distance, and w hence
with their glasses, they could plainly sec
the troops, with their artillery, which had
crossed the hay (ot Monterey) to San
va, ua b..i:ir via u ;uu;e.w iiuii. 1 i.e
Gov
his
avoid collision, if possible, finding himself
not attacked, determined to retire, and to
proceed to Oregon, on his intended route
of the valley of thc Sacramento, the Tla
maih lake, und thc valley of the Wahlah
math river. Accordingly, about the 10th
of March, he left his position on the Sier
ra, descended into the valley of the San
Jequin, and commeived Jiis march bv
!ow and easy s!ages of four and six miles
-hy towards Oregon. -
It is of this encampment on the Sierra
that Governor Cjstro in-;kcs particular
ronplain; in his !c? pitcdi to the Minister
f War ind Marine as nn evidence of hos-
li'.e intetirs. js'vl where ice American
r fly was T;sod, 4 fonificitic-n b
."u n
'
crnor, with these troops, and v.ith all rionc-d "lhc rherifhed . ) ,f hi ;,1,Lt ! The north side ol the bav of San Francis-
threats, after CCming towards tlie camp ! sck-nlillC researches Ar nvna ' I co was now drnred of llm rnwnv. :m on
on tnc zKrrc.n uiu uo c no 10 11; anu; pose ot aoidmg ai! otfence lo the .Mcxi-! ,,,c lonrtfi day of July Capt. 1 romonteal-
Capiaiu Fremont, faithful to his design to I can authnvilic.s. Of ,tw. ,..c. ;.. .f.. ! led the A:ierinn tn.-t'inr ?it Sonnmn.
... . I . s . i- v. ' ; v; -J.? I Tl I 1 w ' "
r.n settlers called in for its d
the Ar2?r;c
Consul, (written in pencil' while expect
iiiT the attack of Governor Castro, and
riiict, hSc hmn heretofore published in
ferrce Unhappily, we have no letter i promise tne tTiitea states, against wnica creu tjiu tixiy mounted Tiucmin in ie .tiiuiiufu w,v - i - . " ,tu"n,
r WrnnJni.tHnihAPrpnta'j.nMaranres would have been slronff ; bst i pursuit, when hs received instrnclions aid says ! Aorta nver, 3o years ago. He enterM
0f 'ti -y? b- wan' rVesch a let- thourh it was in mv nowcr to increase my from Commodore Sloat to march upon J The chief subject of excitement at this me army as a private, according to a I ..
terk!rfSfsinpieVbv the olueial commu-j part,- bv Americans, I refrained from 1 Monterey. He did so, and found Cum-; no:r.c:i: in this great metropolis is the . ler be! ore u?. at the opi: uf t!v5 w,f
ircHtic from -the American Consul at: ccRamiitiH a solitary act of hostility oriai- modore Stock toa mcoraicand, approving elevation oi the jrrcat eoikstva mo: a ot IbiV, distingisned mm-, it at Liiiidv'
Mon'ere-v o our Secretary of State, and j propriety." " j the pursuit of Castro, and aiding it by alt umphal arch at the entrance of th Park, j Lane, where he ws woanud. and kt ,
, hrf,.f note to the! t rtc nYt Urt datrd tti 14th of Mav the means in his power. The sU,op-of j This eoihsv.s is a statue of WrUma suncti of Gen. fn-ott, promo;-J. U.
our pancrs. Mr. Buchanm Itirnished us, ! apUie most warlike of tliut quarter i embarked on that vessel, and sailed down been sis years in castii, and cost 3.),
as soon as thev were received, with cop- j jin( 0?l vc me;1 hi kilted :md wiur.ded the coa.st on the 2aih of July, to Sun 000 sterling; wciiht about 03 tons. Tl;e
Io r,f ihn-.' desnitehe. which are here- ! V tU! nmrrt-J to be hi the United I eio, four hundred miles south of Monte- ; horse's ears are 5 feet Ion? and head and
w'i:h laid before voti, and from which it!
will be seen that Governor Castro's ac -
1 ,;eI,.r.n;ncj wos j,e t() .(VOiJ, C3 We!l in
: so !etermined was he io avoid, as well in
: anpearanee as in facr, the smallest act of-
fensive or injurious lo tfie Mexic.m aw-
epoi!s of the camp die dispersion of Fre-
mcnt and Jii. men their iiiyhl into the Iru-
I and through the desert h:
.S.Ui.)-
caii ju in cntu.K ;
iiun:Teroi:s con- J
. af wi,h
ali
H'";7
:itui the ridicule he incurred bv it in Cali-
Tjli;r.dcrmf ih Consul took l.ie tro;:h;e to
uuder the flag of their country, and leave
h to their country to eveno their deaths.
All mcy did was in sclf-dc
ieicnce.
The
ilag was raise!, not as a standard of insur-
ection, cr as a shru of eontemnt ta the
.Mexican Government, but as tiie Amen
displayed in that hour ofdai
er as a warn-
ing to the approaching assaiUri
bond of union and devotion amo;
nts as a
il them
selves ar-d as an appeal and invocation
(if they should bo destroyed) to the a
yenjing spirit of their far distant country.
To my mind, this entrenching on the
mountain, and raising the national flag was
entirely justifiable imdor the circumstan
ces of the case; and the noble resolution '
which they took (refusing the aid of their
countrymen) to die if attacked under th
ilag of their country, lour thousand miles
distant from their homes, was an act oi
the highest heroism, worthy to be record
ed by Xenophon, and rclleclini: cqtnd
honor upon the brave younjr officer who
commanded and the heroic "sixty-two bv
whom he was supported.
The first letter that we received from
Capt. Fremont after his withdrawal from
ihcSir.Eiiv, and from the vallev of the
San Jcan, is dated the first day of April,
in latitude 40, on the Sacramento river;
ml, though written merely to inform .Mrs.
Fremont of his personal concerns, be- J
comes important in a mibli.- onint nf vto-
on account of subsequent events in June
and July, by showing lhat on the first of
April he was on his way to Oregon that
he had abandoned ail intention of return
ing through any part of C:d, fcrnia would
iii2iuc iiocuv -.tioiir::!ii5 troi:ff!i the1
ioni!ernt rass on the l:r;e between the
Upper, or Kettle Falls of ihe Columbia,
and die Great Falls of tiie Missouri and
be itrthc United States in September.
This shows lhat he had, at that time, no !
idea cf the events in whVh l c wa uih.-'
rharactcristic of his prudence in not
promising his country, and worthy to be'
repeated in his own language. He says : j
rOlTl-
MVS
The Spaniards were somewhat ru'V
rusaimns against Uaptam I remcn; are en-; c F remial.in:iliheoncofJuU-2Gth SWV r . i . , i Corn,
tircly unfounded; ' tliut, so far from having ! ,v 'rV-rey of t'-e V ;!. own, all.1 ! tve hundred men. 1 no descent of tne ; and stouter than a tall siout man; a tall . 0j
exciied Ute Americans to revolt, he abso-: . ' ' rom'Rs.n!ore MoaL The j C0JSt s far as 'Va'1 w-3 wi;h lhc ' grenadier armed ccn-a-pic in h?gh iiehnel ; ri,l:,:ef
luudv refused to receive those who offered j '?!". V, bro-i.n' hi'n back von lute ! view loel ahe"!l of t-'as"-v p-n;S ll) 1,8 111 a ! aR4j mounted on a iar-e horse, can ride j ,cp
to join bun. And more, thut. after Icav-! tint Commodore : but the j position either to intercept Idiii if he flea ! unJ-r the bIly of the brazen horse j V.
iiii; this position, and ffrnntiiiT discharcrcs j ' . ch ,.,. t0 evcnt3 are ne-1 soutli t0 Mexico or to Lower aluornia, j without touching it. It is to be put up on ; V:V?)M ,:riej .
io fne or six of liis men, he refused to fill ! 1 :o"lC known for the justification or 10 back upon J;in if he remained j the top oi the archway only for an e.j Bm ,
tl rir rl-.oa. frm tl-P pm.i In tllP Mnr.irv. : ''. r...i,u ' i. ; at Piifbui Jf los Jusrefes or anv oi the ! nenment, and it the puiic are not satis
I 1 " 1 1
riUennvinvovr.fi. ,n ..1 aon if in? r'k?!i. t i.n- wr-rn ins :in v s :n .
ley ol thc San Joaqcjv and tlie camp on ' ;u'dressod them upon the dangers of their
the SiEKRA.he speaks a few words, with-1 sll,tion, and recommended a declaration
out detail, but descriptive of his rnndii'on of independence and war upon Castro and
a'nd inhospitable below, and ordered me j orc Sloat -brought intelligence that the
out of thc country after having jriven mo I American flag was hoisted at Monterey
permission to winter there. My sense ! nn example which was immediately fol
of duty did not permit me to fi-jht them, j owd wherever thc news flew,
but wc r.iired slowly and growling- ho The nursuit and def,-,t of Ctm W9
lore a force, cf three or four hundred men, !
and three pieces of artillery. Wilhout
tne ytiiuow ofa cause the Governor sud-
..' - ri - country against
" anu seau.iaio procla-
: ma tion. Of course; I did not dare to com -
find informs me
ne t!ir.t, in his progress to
nrrl h'inoif -md niriv rnex-
Oregon, he lou
n-pWk- nMnrVfcd by the 'iY-vjfATii Indi -
tit bi the .momiIi of September.
; it..,, ,.t iP.r rc-;ved from
: : ..j n. ,jlf rxistruee of the war with
; J,j'ov ,0 v-clhetncw nothinn- of the waT
j ' cvcnt 1nok iacc3; and thouffh
n hU
r,,, .
, '
! to whi;
11 thev
I. v.,
rapidly sketched by
him in this his last letter; and, while ine
i whole letter is herewith suhmitled to you,
cdc of t!;e Oregon territory, where he
found his further progress completely l)ar
rcd bv the double obstacle of hostile Indi
ans, "witich Castro had excited against
! him, and the lofty mountains, covered
w ith deep and fa'dinu miows, which made
the rnildle of May in that elevated region
noma, was general uasr.ro, asscjumniij
troops with the avowed intention of at
tacking both Fremont's party and all the
American settlers, against whom the In
dians had been already excited. Thus,
his passage bnrrr-d in front by impassable
snows an. I ructinlains hrrnmed in by
savage Indians, who were thinning live
ranks of iris little party mcnanccd by a
general al the h.'ad of tcu-fo'd forces of all
arms the American seniors in California
marked out for destruction on a fdse ac
cusation of meditating a revolt under his
instisration his men and horses suffering
from fatigue, cold, and, famine and after
the most anxious deliberation upon all the
dangers of his position, and upon all the
responsibilities of his conduct, Capt. Fre
mont determined to turn upon his pursu
ers and fight them instantly, without re
gard to numbers, and seek safety for his
party and the American settlers by over
turning the Mexican jrovernmcnt in Cali
foruia. It was on the 7th day of June that he
came to this determination; and, the reso
lution he in:: once taken, all half-way meas
1 . . I V
ures were discarded, and a rapid execu
tion of the plan was commenced. On the
11th of June a supply of two huudrcd
horses for Castro's troops, on the way to
his camp, conducted bv an oiucer anu
fourteen men, were surprised at uayiigm,
and the whole captured ; the men and of
ficers being released, and the horses re
tained for American use. On the 15th,
at daybreak, the mil'tary post cf Sonoma
(the point of rendezvous and intended
headquarters) was surprized and taken,
with nine piece of brass cannon, two
hundred and fifty str.nd of muskets, other
arms and ammunition, with several supe
rior officers. General V;dlcio. ( Val-ya-lio,)
his brother. Captain Valicjo, Colonel Gre
uxdou, and others; all of whom were de
tained and confined prisoners. Captain
Fremont then repaired to the American
settlements on the Uio delis jimrricano
to obtain assistance; and receiving an ex
press from his litde garrison of fourteen
in Sonoma, that General Castro was pre
paring to cross the hay of San Francisco
and attack them with a 1 arirc force, lie set
out in the afternoon of the 23d of June
with ninety mounted riflemen, and, trav
elling day and night, arrived at 2 o'clock
in the morning of the 2r:h at Sonoma,
eighty miles distance. The vanguard of
Castro's lorec had crossed the bay a
squaorrm ol seventy dras-oons, comrnnna
cd by ile la Torre which was attacked
and defeated by twenty Americans, with
tlie loss of two killed and some wounded
on thc part of thc Mexicans, and no inju
ry to themselves ; de la Torre barely es- j
caping with llieloss of h.is transport boats, !
and spiking six pieces oi artillery. Jn the j
I 1 . - ... " .
mean time two of Cant. Fremont's men,
0,r,.T as n express, were captured by de.
Torre's men, and, being bound to trees,
XvCre cul to pieces alive with knives !
n return for which, three of ir . Torre'
''e independence was immediately
carcd and the war proclaimed. A
111c uuij mtou. ui aaici.
de
r ihivvj mill iic Hill lltll Idliilt U. jV iew
('n3's afterwards an officer from Comino-
then the only remaining enterprise
had fled south towards the numerous'
ican towns and settlements bevondV
He
Mcx-
and settlements beyondMonte-!
rev, with his four or five hundred men
and Cart, i remont. kavmr soms - ilfu-
owinjr of it when h wrote, yet he would j auu omciai uciaa ma :io uu iu-iivcu ivu jUMiuu u,.1nuuuci yi u m
I nypii himself of his subsequent know!- ( y arnyaisiroi uiv ui A i-
i t fir nofin lit thf nmin tmm I nnnf tltH ! nmmntKin to 'l'AC. s.tt!.' -.t ir? fr.in ;r.nr.--i. I
re to jiisttlv previous acts;cn;ltr.erciorc i :y ' , , r, - " V 77
io rtV. -r- ibinrinnn the state of ! "drraation I am ante to give, though all tion, and neany oil Lonuon came out to.
be"saw them, when lie raohed ofa Privalc 1'aracter, written solely for j witness Hs passage aiong the streets. It
. A-C vi fthe information of friends, and never fx- i was moved with surpii.sin ease and
1 - -1
! men in garrisons; et oat wiih one hun-
war Cyane was put at his service. Csnt
Fremont, with one hundred and sixty
i American nilemen, and seventy marines,
Tey,and one hundred south of I'ikLIu de
'lelts, where Castro was under
.
( UI
' numerous towns in iis neif'hboriiood. In
numerous uiwns in us mnguo-j
cither event, the enterprise wi
have ha;! lis conciusum early
a pronauiy
in August,
pecteu to no nelorc the public, may oe sut
ucient to relieve present anxieties, to d:s
J lrove ine accusations 01 governor
iro, anu lojutuiv inc opcriiiu: ii .tn.
Fremont. I make this communication to
you, sir, upon the responsibilities of an
American Senator, addressing the Presi
dent of the United States, and with the
sole view of vindicating tlie American
Government, and its o Hi cor, from the foul
imputation of exciting insurrection in the
whom we were then at peace. I could
add much more to prove that Ccpt. Fre
mont's private views and feelings were in
unison with his ostensible mission ; that
the passion of his soul was the pursuit of
science, and that he looked with dread
r.nd aversion upon every possible collision j his lodge which were across two large
either witii Indians, Mexicans, or British, j limbs of the tree. Another package,
that could turn him aside from that cher- ! which I could not make out, I w as told by
ishfcd pursuit. A, more formal occasion j some of the men who climbed up to it, held
for the exhibition of these further and oth- j his bows, arrows, war club, medicine
cr proofs may soon occur; but the exigen- j gourd, &. The birds had picked sever
er of the circumstances seemed to me to al holes through his winding sheet to get
require that no time should bedost in com-1 at his flesh. Over the whole deposite the
rnunicattng the truth to the public mind, j skin, which had probably been used for
both at home and aoroad, m a case so se-
riously afTec'.iirj the national character,
anu :n which uncorrected error, lor even
short time, would do trreat mischief.
Verv resnectfidlv. sir.
your friend and fellow citizen,
THOMAS II. BENTON.
Washington, Nov, 9, IS 16.
IT.iR 3 MEXICO.
We find in our exchanges the follow
ing extract ofa letter, written bv an ofii
ccr in Gen. Taylor's army to the New
Orleans Picayune, Irom which it would
appear that the Mexicans are much bet-
icr 'prepared for war then has beengener-; portance, the effect ol which, on the mar
ally supposed they were : k,ib' u ouIlJ vcr' considerable. Before
J ' the arrival of the boat, the wires ol the
"There never was a nation so much Telegraph between New York and Bos
mistaken as ours in regard to that oi Mcx- j ,on were broken, in order to stop the corn
ice. 1 mean in respect to its imhiary j nuuiication. This however, excited the
resources. The people are warlike, and j indignation and the wires were
have an abundant supply of munitions oi j qu;cjv tended. On Saturday morning
war. Our battles with them improve j at nve"o'elock, the steamer arrived, and as
them as soldiers. Our invasion is held j scc.n as jt wa& k,,own ,ie wjres were bro.
by them in abhorrence, and has united all kcn Til8 asrcnts of tjiC ;ew ym.j. preSjJ
eiasse;.-1.1 uec.im...tu ru-ii
us. The battles cf Palo Alto, Resaea oe
la Palma, and ot Monterey were batt.es
with tiicir frontier army. From this
piace enwa'd, 11 v. 0 nave to ir.arc
j iurther m this utrection, we snail meet
with their nome army, mane up 01 naiuv
mountaineers and a better class of soluier-
V. So far I consider we have not injured
..... I 1 1
their nation, but done it a service, by
1 . 1.
defcat'm'' their old officers, thus causing
their army to be placed under the (iircc-
tion of younger, more amuilious, braver, pres3 ow, we are not a little curious
and more accomplished Generals la , to ascertain how the teleranhic operations
fict.so far from thc war bemg ended, managej nS.ruh.Chr0nicte.
has just commenced. Our position is
critical. Our supplies at Camargo, 180 COTT vs. FOWDEH.
miles distant, must be wagoned to this The prepared coi-'on is now declared to
place. This long line has no protection, j be far more powerful in its explosive pro
Thc ranchero troops, numbering near pcrties than gunpowder. It has been as
2.500, behind us us gue.illas, and, ii tliev j certained by actual experiment, that "the
choose to act, cur trains must be cut oil'
Although this is a rich valley, its sup
plies are inadequate to our wants, except
in beef, for any length of time. Our ar
my, or the effective part of it, is too
limmniive lo meet a strong force. It is
weak, physically, for it has now been in
campaign over inirtccn mumn, n
scanty clothing and much hardship and
.1 . L It
I exposure. Thc volunteers
are inimcr-
ou3j but, with thc exception of those rcg
i.,,,!, :!noi:nded bv late ollicer? of thc
w --- J
ar
rmv, without discipline. I suppose our
ivlmlp nrmv will muster, when ail arrive
from below, 9,000 men for duty, and we
hear the Mexicans have one cn the ad
vance to meet us of 30,000 men. I am
convinced, and so is every ollicer of the
armv, that we have done wrong and com-
mined an irreparable error in leaving the
K10 Grande to march 111 this direcuou.
To end this war a more vital blow must be
struck nearer the Mexican capital; and
that is, VerxCruz should be taken by the
way of Alvarado. He are now over
700 miles fioni the city of Mexico, with
a vast desert to traverse. In a worn, to
1 r : 'l.. .:,k xt
ico, some things must be undone, and
mai.C peace ccoiiouiieuii v n mi .ne-
our Government must commence again,
V. I . t 1 a. 1 . !
Discharge the volunteers, and raise your
regular force to thirty or fifty thousand
men. We have the fullest expectation
of the most active guerilla war against us.
Move where we will, thc mountains and
passes afford every ficility to carry it on
successfully and most disastrously for us.
Our armv, as now situated, can be com-
pared to the French in Spain, when Jo
s.nh wa
as driven out."
Statiic f TTcilinrfton. Gkn. Worth,, the hero of Mnn:erv
j oa horseback, and is said to be next to the
'- eoUossus of Rhodes, the most jriirantie
i slatue that ever has been cast, it
his;
all its ether parts in proportion.
.a -. . . .
- ; arm ot tin? brazen l,ue, irom tne a..nJ
VIJUW t. ill tulivil ulii UUlt. lOlvl
j fied with the iitness of its position it is to
come uown a un. ignite a war nas oeen
j waging atnoiij artists and with the corn
- quietness, was men tiunj suspedeu in
- j nud-air, to the ueltgnt of admiring crowds.
: itil it iMCf C-al.5 t :rnnnr.i! n:Ckti smo t.-ir
tlie arch, wliere no doubt it will rtmain
till some iuUitp Omar knocks it down,
like its gigantic fellow cf Rhodes.
A NOVEL GRAVE
One "John Brown," writing from
Ocn. Kearney's camp, "on the Plains,
July 23d" thus describes an Indian grave,
Jcoiered on their route :
" The other evening al our camp, near
the "crossing, 1 lound, in the top oi a
large cotton wood tree, the grave of an
Indian proably a chief the bodv wrap-
! ped 111 stuns, and laid on mats resting on
j Ins iouge, was tigr.'.ly stretched, and the
; whole establishment wt:s well secured to
a me iree uy strings cui trom t)ii:uio r.tue.
j We left him alone in his glory, with his
i alT rcstjn2 PiUce uadislurbcd.
Magnetic TelegrapJa.
This mighty engine, as at present erect
ed, is very little better than a tool for the
speculators and stock-jobbers of the
large cities of the atlantic sna-board. Nu
merous instances have occurred which a
bundantly prove tlie truth of this. The
last, however, is a moat flagrant one. It
occurred on the arrival at Boston, on Sat
urday, c f the steamship Britannia, from
Liverpool, with foreign news of gre;t im
j received, her news in advance ol all oih-
jers. thc,v iI12:llclJiat,v went t0 thc ttIc.
j officc lo have "the intelligence for-
UyardedtoN. York; but, to thefrastonish-
wires
bevond Springfield cr
j .ir.fonf wcrc culi
Tflf!.-??
' ... -
v.. 1. a . iCil
j l2tj t!i(l iewg despatched, as they thought
j t0 Albany, but, to their astonishment, the
; speculators obtained it. and endeavored to
1 7
operate with it in New York, and else-
wnere, on Srturday noon. After thev
y u 1 hnvr.Vt, ;, .PR( ,n ,1"
jorrtj-eignm pari ai an ounce oi t:ia pre
pared cotton v ill propel a bullet from an
Americrn rifle as far as the lu-tifth par
of an ounce of gunpowder. The six
lecnth part of an ounce will drive a
a three-quarter ounce bait a disLance of
j sixteen hundred paces."
111 hiaSting rocks, tne experiments
have been eminendy succeasful. Alarms
block granite at Bus!-, measuring 210
cubic feet, was blown up by four ounces
of cotton; a process which could not have
been effected by Jess than two pounds of
the best gunpowder.
1 I T a
SHIPWRECK.
Two of the seamen, the onlv survivors
of the crew of the Meteor, arrived in Br.l-
; timoro some days
s since. The vessel.
! sailed from that port for St. '1
nomas, on ;
1 the 3d of September, and was wrecked in
; the disastrous gale of the 0th and 8;h. '
j These men were on the wreck for 8 daysi
with nothing but a little molasses to sub -
! sist on, when they were rescued by the
j barque Chancellor, and conveved to
1 Antigua.
! 0
I Monks for Penxsvlvaxia. The Ro-1
man Catholic Advocate says that a colo-
jr
ny ol iMissionanes, oi the order oi St.
Benedict, started from Munich on the
29th ol July, for the United States of A
merica, to form at St. Joseph, in Penn
sylvania, the first monastery of Benedic
tines. It is composed of the Rev. Fath
er Boniface Wimmer (prior,) F. Maximil
ian Goetner, two theologians, two schol
astics, and several' lay brothers. Pitts-
i i . 1 c- : r. i , :... r :. :
I burgh G02.
won honor in the Florida war. and l.
. crowned h.imself with glory at Monterev.
Pitts. Gaz.
Cumberland .Mavket.
, per barrel,
it, per bushel,
Si a 5 Of)
b0 u 0 Dj
5( a G to
a (; G)
a 0 3j
00 a 0 37
0 C ') a o om
50 75
0 75 a 1 CO
00 a 0 Cr)
4 a 0 5
5 a 0 y
1 3 a 1 5d
15 a 0 lg
7 0 y
to p
i V III .
! d
Veal.
Chickens, per dozen.
; Stone Ccal. per bushel.
Pittsburgh Market.
Ffrur, :j Z0 a 3 f,-j
Whsal 0 GO a 0 i Q
P'e S2 a 31
Lum 23 a 35
Oats 0 a .13
Barley. 3 3
li..con, hams, per lb 5 a a
Pork ' to a Cu
Lard, C a 7
Tallow, rendered 6 a fn
" rough 4 a y )
Butter, in kigs, r fi
" roll. 9 a 1(,
Cheese Western Heserva C a 7
Goshen, 00 a It)
Apples green, per barrel, 75 a 1 50
" dried per bushel, -15 a S )
Peaches, I 20 a 1 25
Potatoes, Mercpr 10 a Ctf
Neshaunotks . 4l) a 4 4
Seeds, Clover 5 25 a 5 50
,, Timothy i 23 q I 57
Flaxseed 75 a 0 00
Wool ic a 26
I
BANK NOTE LIST.
Pimur-:i, Pa.
STAXDAKI; GOLIl AM) SILVER
'omfiatiia.
Pittsburgh, Bank.-,
Philadelphia Bunks,
Girard Bank
United States Banx,
Bank of Gerniar,tvvn
Monongalielu Bank Brownsville
Bank uf Gcitysburj
Bant; of Chester County
Bank of Ch imbcrtburg
Bank of Delaware,
BarA of Susquehanna County
Bank of Moiitsromery County
Bank of Northumberland
Bank of Lcwistown
par
jv.r
par
25
par
I
1
par
li
par
2
Bank of Middlcton,
Carlisle Bank
Columbia Bank and Bridge Co.
Doj !e?town Bank
Erie B ;nk
Franklin Bank, Washington
Farmers' Bank Reading
Farmers Bunk Bucks County
par
Farmer'si'vDrovcr's Bank Waynesb'g U
Farmers Bank Lancaster par
par
Lancaster Co. Bank
fj3eca?ler Punk
flarrisbunj Bank
li
.
k
li
u
.
it
1
par
2
Ii
ti
i
t
t
4
i
tl
t
I
It
tt
M
tt
t
t
1J
13
45
U
Z9
43
I
M
s
Ilonrsdale Bank
Lebanon Bank
Miners' Bank PottsviJIe
Wyoming Bank
i'torthaniplon bank
oik Bank
State Serin, Exchange bank Pitts.,
Mer. and .Maul's B
Is.-ucd by solvent Banks
On h.
Mount Pleasant
Striibeuville, (F. & M.
St. Ciairvilie
Marietta
New Lisbon
Cincinnati banks,
Cohinsbus
('ircleville
Zanevil!e
Putnam
Wooster
Masiilon
Sandusky
(ieaua ,
Nor walk
Xema
Cleveland D-sk
Dayton
Franklin Bank of Columbus,
Chillicothe
'ciota
Lancaster
L'ainilion
Granville
Commercial Bank of Like Erie
Farmers Batik Canton
Urbma
nrgii,
Eastern solvent banks
Wheeling and Br mehe.
Indiana.
State Bank and branches,
State Scrip, $5's
Illinois
i State Bank
50 J Shawnelown
Jilts so uri.
3
Tennessee,
3 I Other solrent banks 3
Xorlh Carolina.
j
! State bank
Memphis
All solvent banks t
South Carolina,
All solvent banks -
Ac tv England,
New England 1
JS'tw York.
New York riiv par Other banks I
Maryland,
Baltimore par Oilier banks t
Asolrral Baa 1.-
i
1 1
t
I
1 j
1
i 1
i i
u
i
par
par
par
u
u
par
par
I .
I
pnr
H
I