:wu. ;:...v.ij(.j i v., "x. TWO DOLLARS PER HALF-YEARLY IN ADVANCE. 5 AUO FARMERS' AND R1EGHAMGS' REQISTER. cir not pud within tut: ycar, $2 30 WILL I)G CIL-lRUBD. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY JONATHAN ROW, SOMERSET, SOMERSET COUNTY, PA. New Series. TUESDAY, AUGUST 13, 2346, Vol. 4. No. 40. mmm,".wW,!jiiM Frm l!ic Ilarrisburgh Telegraph. Sf rOoYft of 2ojc at Ijomr. The Earth has treasures fair and bright, Deep buried in her caves, And Ocean hideth many a gem, With its blue curling; waves; Yet net within her bosom dark, Or'ncalh her dashing foam, Live's there a treasure equalling A world of love at home. True sterling happiness and joy Arc not with gold allied Nor tv.n it yield a pleasure like A . merry fireside. I envy not the man who dwells In stately home or dome, If, with his splendor, he hath not A world of Love at home. The friends whom time has proved sincere 'Tis thev alone can bring A sure relief to hearts that droop 'Neath sorrow's heaw win?. Though care and trouble may be mine, As down life's path I roam, I'll heed (hem not while still I have A world of Love at home. EXTRACTS FROM THE HON. L STEWART. Delivered in Hie House or Rep resentatives, 31 ay 27, 18-1 G. A CHAPTER FOR" WORKING MEN TO READ. Mr. Stewart's system was this: Select the articles you can manufacture to the full extent of our own wants, then, in the lan guage of Thomas Jefferson, "impose on them duties lighter at first, and afterwards heavier and heavier as the channels of supply were opened." This was Jeffer son's plan; the reverse of democraticufree trade." Next Mr. S. went for levying the highest rates of duty on the luxuries of the rich, and not on the necessaries of the poor. Encourage American manu factures, and while on the one hand the poor man found plenty of employment, on the other he got his goods cheap. lie could clothe himself decently for a mere trifle. He wanted no foreign commodi ties but his tea and his coffee, and they were free, and should remain free. The poor man could now buy cloth (or a full suit from head to foot for less than one pollar of substantial American manufac ture, lie had himself worn in this hall a garment of this same goods, at 10 cents a per yard, and it was so much admired that more than a dozen members had applied for similar garments, and they had been supplied to Sanators and others; yet we are told the tariff taxes and oppresses the poor. Put high revenue duties on wines, on brandies, on siks,on laces, on jewelry, on all that which the rich alone consum ed and which the poor man did not want. Take off the duties from the poor man's necessaries and, give him high wages for his work. That was the way to diffuse happiness and prosperity among the great body of the people: That was good found democratic policy. He was for lifting up the poor. lie was for "levelling upward;" for increasing the domestic comfort of our own laboring population the true dem oc racy of the country. The rich could pay, and ought to be made to pay, and they should pay: the poor man could not, and should not, with his consent. Mr. S. went for the system which elevated the poor man in the scale of society; that promoted equality, that es sential element in all free Governments, not by pulling down the higher, but by lifting up the lower classes to their level. The gentleman from Alabama and his friends advocated a policy which would have precisely the opposite effect. Their system would truly make the "rich richer and the poor poorer." The gentleman advocated a system whose direct and un deniable tendency was to destroy compe tition, and thereby ffivc a monopoly to the heavy capitalists. He would benefit those very "millionaires" of whose presence here he complained to loudly. Free trade would inevitably degrade the wages of la bor in every department of industry, whe ther employed in the fields or in the workshops, to the level of wages in Eu rope; this was as certain as the ebbing and flowing o.f the tides. What could be plainer! Take two coterminous States Kentucky and Ohio. Suppose in Ken tucky, as in Europe, wages was 2 cts. per day, and in Ohio, as in the U. S., 75 cents per day. Now was it not perfectly clear that, unless Ohio protected her pros perous labor, the productions of the low price labor of Kentucky, boots, shoes, hres, every thing would come in, and compel the mechanics and laborers of Ohio lo come down to 12i cents a day, or give up their markets quit work, buy ev ery thing, sell nothing and get rich! And he submitted, would not this be the effect of "free trade" with Europe? The only difference was the cost of transport ation across the Ohio and across the At- Untie; p.nd with the modern facilities of , The American market consumed annual etcarq, a top of iron could be brought from y nearly a thousand millions of American Europe to this country for less than $4; less than it would cost to cart it 20 miles on common roads. Such would be the manifest and ruinoes effects of "free trade," on the wages of labor in every department of the national industry; and any reduction of protection would be a reduction of the same extent to the wages of labor. . It would degrade the free labor of this country to the miserable condition of the i sen tabor oi lorein lands, wnere men were slaves without the means of edu cating their childrenworking from the cradle to the grave, and never aspiring to any tiling beyond a scanty and miserable subsistence; and such was the condition to which' "free trade" must inevitably bring the now protected and prosperous labor of this great country. Pull down the walls built up by the tariff of '42 to protect and defend American labor let the cheap productions of the low priced labor of Europe flow freely into your markets, and you must sooner or later come down to their degraded condition morul and political. He, therefore, earnestly ap pealed to the laboring people of this coun try the sovereigns of the land who "made all and paid all," to come quickly to the rescue, to save themselves from the degrading and disastrous effects of "free trade." The power was in their own hands they could protect them selves at the ballot-box and, if they did not, they would deserve the degradation to which they would be doomed. To ev ery candidate for office propound this question: "are you in favor of protect in g American against foreign labor by a Protective Tariff! And let his answer be conclusive. This is the remedy the only remedy. Let it be adopted, and all will be well. He stood there the firm friend and humble ad vocate of the labor ing man. He had been a laboring man himself; he knew their privations and had participated in their toils; and to de serve and receive the approbation of the laboring poor, of the mechanics and log cabin men of this country, would be more grateful to his heart than all the praises ot all the presses of the land. It would be the crowning and cherished reward of all his efforts the only reward to which he aspired. Labor, productive labor, was the great source of national wealth. Its import ance was incalculable. Compared with this all other interests dwindled into per fect insignificance. What is all other capital combined compared to the capital of labor hard-handed, honest labor the toiling millions the great fountain of our national prosperity look at it. Suppose we have but two millions of working men in the United States, whose wages aver age $180 per year this is equal to the interest of $3,000 at six per cent. Each laborer's capital, then, is equal to $3,000 at interest. Multiply this by two mil lions, the number of laborers, and it gives you a capital amounting to the enormous sum of six thousand millions of dollars, producing, at six per cent., three hundred and sixty millions of dollars a year. This was the "labor copiluC he wished to sustain and . uphold. This was the great national industry he wished to pro tect and defend against the ruinous and de grading effects of a free and unrestricted competition with the pauper labor of for eign lands. He went to secure the Amer ican market for American labor. In the rreat stru;Me for the American market he took the American side. On the other hand, the gentleman from Alabama and his friends went for the British, for for eigners; for "free trade;" for opening our ports to the manufacturers of all the world; for bringing in freely the pauper produc tions of Great Britain, to overwhelm the rising prosperity of our own poor but in dustrious citizens. They went for crush ing American enterprse; grinding down American labor, and putting their coun trymen on a footing with the very sweep ings of the poor houses of Europe: and would, in the end, bring them down to their political, as well as their pecuniary moral condition. Mr. S. M as for cher ishing American labor; for giving it high wages; for surrounding it with all the substantial comforts of life. Which was the true friend of the People? And yet these "free trade" advocates, from the Secretary down, professed to be the ex clusive friends of the "poor man," and we are denounced as the friends of "millionai res and monopolists." We now import ed "fifty millions worth of British goods annually, and therein we imported twenty-five millions worth of British agricul tural products of English wool, English grain, English beef and mutton, English flax, English agricultural productions of every kind. And yet gentlemen would rise here and talk of a British market for our breadstuffs. Why, how much of this did England take? Not a quarter of a million, in all its forms! Here was a beautiful reciprocity. Here were the beauties of free trade. Here was our equality of benefits. Wc took fifty millions in British goods, one-half of it agricultural produce, while she took one-quarter of a million of our breadstuffs. I his was our boasted British maiket What was this British market to us? grain; the British market one quarter of facts. I challenge gentlemen to the scru one million. Great Britain took of our tiny. Take down all the articles in a j flour not a twentieth part as much as 'store, one after another estimate the! Massachusetts, not a tenth part of the a- j value of the raw material, the bread and j mount taken by the East and West In- , meat, and other agricultural products, ; dies; not a third part as much as Brazil; j not as much as the little Island of Cuba; ! and not much more than half as much as Hayti. Poor, miserable, negro Hayti, took last year 53,144 barrels of our flour, while England, Scotland, and Ireland to gether, took but 35,355 barrels of flour and one barrel of corn meal. Yet we are told, in the face of these official facts, by the Secretary of the Treasury, that we must take more British goods, otherwise she will have to pay us "cash for our bread stuffs, and, not having it to spare she will not buy as much of our cotton." What an insult to American farmers is this. As an honorable man, must he not blush for his reputation when he looks upon these facts? But what better could we expect from this American Secretary, who, over and over, in his report, denoun ces the substitution of American manu factures for foreign goods, and declares that direct taxation is more equitable and just than duties on foreign goods, especial ly m its operations on the poor! Better levy taxes on our productions than on those of foreigners! Such are the doc trines openly avowedby this Secretary to favor his miserable system of 'free trade.' Away with such British doctrines as these! They could never find favor with the American people while a spark of pa triotism animates their hearts, or a drop of Revolutionary blood runs in their veins. The gentleman from Alabama will no doubt discover another terrible absurdity when Mr. S. stated that Great Britain ex ported and sold more agricultural produce than any other country in the world Yet it is strictly and undeniably true. Export ed, not in its original form, but worked up and converted into goods, iron, cloths, &c, consisting of raw materials and breadstuffs. Great Britain exported, on an average, more than two hundred and fifty millions of dollars worth of manu factures, one-half of the whole value of which consisted of the produce of the soil. The United States took about one-fifth part of alHhe exports of Great Britain being more than all Europe put together. In a report of a committee in the British Parliament, and some years ago, it ap peared that the British goods consumed by the people of the different countries of Europe, France, Russia, Prussia, Austria, Spain Belgium, &c., amounted to four teen cents' worth per head, while the people of the United States at the same time consumed three hundred and Jiffy four cents1 worth per head! This show ed the immense importance of the Ameri can market to Great Britain, and account ed for her great solicitude to retain it. It also showed the superior wisdom of the European Governments in excluding British goods by high and prohibitory tar iffs; thus developing and relying upon their own resources, encouraging and sus taining their own national industry, pro moting their own prosperity, and thus es tablishing (as we should do) their own national independence on the most solid and lasting foundations. Mr. S. invited scrutiny into the facts he had stated; he challenged contradiction. He put them before gentlemen, and beg ged them to examine and disprove them if they could. He invited them to reflect upon them in a spirit of candor. To dis miss from their minds all party bias; to rise for once superior to the low grovel ling prejudices of party to wake up to the great interest, and feel for the real strength and true glory and independence of their native land. BENEFITS OF THE TARIFF TO FARMERS. Gentlemen dwelt entirely on the bene fits ot foreign trade. They went atogeth er in favor of importing foreign goods,and creating a market for the benefit of for eigners. Would our own agriculture be benefitted by a process like this? Noth ing could more effectually divert the ben efit from our own nennlp and nour it in a constant stream upon foreign labor. No j vegetables of every kind for the other. American interest was so much benefited j. These agricultural produces were pur by a protective system as that of agricnl- chased and consumed, and this made up lure. The foreign market was nothing, ' nearly the whole price of the iron which the home market was every thingto them; is was as one hundred to one. The Tar iff gave us the great home market, while the gentleman's scheme was to secure us, at best, but the chance of a market abroad, while it effectually destroyed our secure and invaluable market at home. Gentle men were very anxious to compete with J the pauper labor of Europe. I will tell them one fact: Writh all the protection we now enjoy, Great Britain ?ends into this country eight dollars' worth of her agri cultural productions to one dollar's worth of all our agricultural productions (save cotton and tobacco) that she takes from us. . .. . This I will prove by the returns fur nished by Mr. Walker himself in support of the bill which he has laid before the Committee of .Ways and Means. Now, I assert, and can prove, that more than half the value of all the British merchan dise imported into this country consist of agricultural products, changed . in - form, converted and manufactured in goods. And I invite a thorough analysis of the which have entered into their fabrication, an and it will be found that one-halt and , more of their value consists of the pro- ' ductions of the soil agricultural produce ' in its strictest sense. j Now, by referrence to Mr. Walker's report, it will be seen that, for twelve 1 years back, we have imported from Great Britain and her dependencies annually ' 521 millions of dollars worth of goods, but call it 50 millions, while she took of all our agricultural products save cotton 1 and tobacco, Jess than two and a half mil- ' lions of dollars worth. Thus, then, as-; suming one-half the value of her goods to be agricultural, it gives us 25 millions of her agricultural produce to 2 millions of ours taken by her, which is just ten to one; to avoid cavil, I put it eight to one. To test the truth of his position, he was prepared, if lime jrcnnitkd, ' to refer to ( numerous facts. But for information of ' gentlemen who are such great friends to the poor and opppressed farmers, I will tell them that we have imported yearly, for twenty-six years, (so says Mr. Walk-1 er's report,) more than ten millions of , dollars worth of woollen goods. Last year we imported $10,666,170 worth. 1 Now, one-half and more of he value off this cloth was made up of wool, the sub sistence of labor and other agricultural productions. The general estimate is, that the wool alone is half. The univer sal custom among farmers, when they had their wool manufactured on the shares was to give the manufacturer half the cloth. Thus we import, and our farmers have to pay, for five millions of dollars worth of foreign wool every year in the form of cloth, mostly the production of sheep feeding cn the grass and grain of Great Britain, while our own wool is worthless for want of a maiket; and this is the policy gentlemen recommend to A mcrican farmers. - Yes, sir; and not satis fied with live millions, they wish to in crease it to ten millions-a year for foreign wool. Will gentlemen deny this? They dare not. They supported Mr. Walker's bill, reducing the duties on woollens near ly one-half, with a view to increase the revenue; of course, the imports must be doubled, making the import of cloth twenty millions instead of ten, and of wool ten instead of five millions of dollars per annum. This was the plan to favor the farmers British farmers, by giving Uiem Ameri can market. Their plan was to buy everything, sell nothing, and get rich. (A laugh.) What was true as to cloth, was equally true as to everything else. Take a hat, a , pair of shoes, a yard of silk or lace, analyze it, resolve it into its constituent elements, and you will find that the raw' material, and the substance of labor, and other agricultural products, constituted more than one-half its entire value. The pauper labor of Europe em ployed in manufacturing silk and lace got what it eat, no more; and this is what you pay for when you purchase their goods. Break up your home "manufacturers and home markets, import everything you eat and drink and wear, for the benejil of the farmers. Oh, what friends these gentlemen are to the farmers and mechan ics and laborers of this country no, sir, I am wrong, of Great Britain. As a still stronger illustration of his argument, Mr. S. referred to the article of iron. Last year, according to Mr. Walker's Report, we imported $9,043, 398 worth of foreign iron, and its manu factures, mostly from Great Britain, four fifths of the value of which, as every parc tical man knew, consisted of agricultural produce nothing else. Iron is made of ore and coal; and what arc the ore and coal buried in your mountains worth? Noth ing nothing at all, unused. What gives its value? The labor ot horses, oxen, mules and men. And what sustained this labor but corn and oats, hay and straw for the one, and bread and meat and ! the manufacturer received and paid over to the farmers again and again, as often as the process was repeated. V ell, is not iron made in England of the same mate rials that it is made here? Certainly; then is not four-fifths of the value of Bri tish iron made up of British agricultural produce? And if we purchase nine mil lions of dollars worth of British iron a year, do we not pay six or seven millions of this sum for the produce of British farmers grain, hay, grass, bread, meat, and other provisions for man and beast sent here for sale in the form of iron? He put it to the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Bayly) to say if this was not true to the letter. He challenged him to de ny it, or disprove it if he could. The gentleman's plan was to break down these great and growing markets for our own farmers, and give our markets to the Bri tish; and yet he professed to be a friend to American farmers ! ! "From such friends good Lord deliver them !" . One I It mm txivil vui lino . tJVVIKIdlJ Walker informs us that the present duty on iron is 75 per cent., which he propo ses to reduce to 30 per cent., to increase the revenue. To do this, must he not then double the imports of iron? Clear ly he must. Then wc must add ten or twelve millions per year to our present import? of iron,and of course destroy that amount of our domestic supply to make room for it. 'Thus, at a blow, in the sin gle article of iron, this bill is intended to destroy the American markets for at least eight millions of dollars worth of domes tic agricnltural produce to be supplied from abroad; and this is the American no! thp British system of policy which is now attempted to be imposed upon this country by this British-hating Admin istration ! Let them do it, and in less than two years there will not be a specie paying bank in the country. The peo ple &the Treasury will be again bankrupt, and the scenes and suffering of 1810 will return; and with it, as a necessary conse quence, the political revolutions of that period. The Consequence of Annexation. Pennsylvania gave her vote m favor of the Annexation of Texas, which added two Free Trade Senators to the U. States Senate, by whose votes the Tariff of 1S42 has been repealed, and this Free Trade system been introduced, prostrating her energy, destroying her manufactures, and her iron and coal interests. She built the gallows to hang herself, and her neck is now in the noosa. The consequence of her own folly and her own wilful course. The annexation of Texas has not only involved the Nation in a war that may cost hundred of Millions and require a direct tax upon the people to sustain, but has taken from us the means of paying it. and placed us unshorn into the hands of the Philistines. We are hereafter to be come the servant-? and subjects of Queen Victoria. Not only our manufactures but our banking institutions will all be des troyed or rendered useless, so far as it re gards their aid in developing the resour ces and spurring the enterpnze of the country is concerned. James K. Polk, the Grand Son of a British Tory, in the Revolution, George M. Dallas. -and their coadjutors have sold and delivered 113 over to Great Britain. But whether the peo ple will ratify the sale, or tamely submit to be bartered Tike oxen in the shambles, remains to be seen. We opine not. We think tint hereafter in Pennsylvania and in the north, there will be but two parties the knaves and traitors will form one; the honest and patriotic the other; and we shall expect to see every honest man and every friend of Pennsylvania, u nitcd firmly and cordially with the deter mination of rectifying the wrong that has been committed, and of placing our State and her interests where she ought to be, in the lead of all others. Pa. Tel. The Sab-Treasury Bill. This measure, an innovation and nov elty in our administration system once already tried and deliberately and signal ly condemned and renounced by the peo ple this offering of abstractionism has passed the Senate, and is again to vex and annoy the country. If ever a measure was demonstrated to be unnecessary and unwise, this sub-treasury scheme was shown to be so by the debate which has taken place on it. In the Senate, as well as previously in the House, the argu ments against it were so unanswerable that in the former body, the able gentle men who favored the bill did not attempt to answer them. But the "Baltimore Convention"had willed it, and reason and experience and the public convenience must yield. So the Government must set about building vaults and iron safes in which to keep secure, and free from bank contamination and rirk, the treasure of the Government, its Treasury Notes. It is about as wise a step as if a man hav ing a peck of corn to grind, should set a bout buiding a mill for his own use. Pitts. Gazette. .Western Produce. The St. Louis New Era of the lith ult., says; 4 Several boats have left here recently for the Ohio river with heavy cargoes of produce. The steamers Schuylkill, Tonnalouka nrd J.-!;n J. Crittenden were the three last, all of which carried around fine freights and a goodly number of pas sengers. The steamer Roscoe left yes terday. She had on board 2000 pigs lead and about 800 dry hides for Pittsburg to be shipped from there to the Eastern cities; 5,000 bushels of corn for New Richmond, a short distance above Cin cinnati; 360 bales of b?:np, nnl 27 hhds. of tobacco for Covington, besides various and sendrv smaller lots for different points along the 'river. This seems like 'con firming the prediction long since made that Missouri would furnish tobacco enough for all the chewers and snuffers, and hemp sufficient for the uc of ail the rogues in the warld." The Tariff Our Duty Home Leagues. To the Editor of the Daily Chrom cfc. The glorious Tariff of 1812 is no more! The bill of abominations, the black TarifTof 1846, is now the. law of the land and poor Pennsylvania will soon mourn in dust and ashes the practi cal working of a bill concocted by one of her own sons ! No less humiliating will be the recollection, that others 'men of mark' betrayed her into the hands of the Philistines in 1844 and that in the) hour of trial, another, upon whom she' had lavished her highest honors, struck the parricidal blow ! Myriads of those who shouted "Polk, Dallas and the Tar iff of '42," will soon be deprived of bread under the suicidal misrule of these "bet ter friends of the Tariff," while the Pla queminc President will lavish untold millions upon his war with Mexico, sub jugate the freemen of the North to the dictation of the South, and reduce them at her nod, to that level which Mr. Sevier assigns to all who labor. Thus, by the treason of Pennsylvania politicians, and at the behest of the Baltimore Convention a power unknown to the Constitution or laws of our outraged country our forge and furnace fires are to extinguished our coal mines deserted our . looms stand idle and our commerce, flourish ing under the beningn provisions of the tariff of 1842, ruthlessly sacrificed in ex change for a barren and worthless moiety of Oregon. Nor is this all our artisans are coolly told that an additional fifty millions of foreign merchandise must be annually imported to supplant these in the home marke. As we now find it needful to export all the staples we can raise, to pay for our present import?, (to say nothing of a foreign debt of nearly two hundred millions,) the stock of specie accumulated under Wrhig legislation, must soon be ex hausted, and scenes of destitution in aland of plenty, and private ruin and State re pudiation be again enacted ! With such consequences of Democrat ic policy staring us in the face, what is the course of duty ? Happily, the pa triots of the Revolution have left us the legacy of their bright example. Wrhen Britain passed her stamp act in 1765, up wards of 400 of the first citizens of Phila delphia signed a solemn pledge not to im port or consnme British goods until . the obnoxious bill was repealed. In 1773 they threw her tea into the ocean, and du ring the fearful struggle, our noble mat rons clothed themselves and their families in the fabrics manufactured by their own native skill and industry. Let their ex ample be hallowed Ln the eyes of every good friend of the Tariff of '42; and while we cheer our ingenious artizans by the assurance that we will exclusively patronise home industry, we shall at least check the drain of precious metals, and aid in preventing the derangement of our currency. Let us lose no time in forming Home Leagues, pledged to abstain, as fnr as possible, from all foreign articles, and to clothe ourselves entirely la Ameri can fabrics, until our corrupt rulers cease to make war upon the dearest right of the poor man the right to labor and to live. He permitted himself to be deluded and betrayed in 1844 by the most stupendous frauds, and by the most unblushing false hoods. Let him now be able to recog nise his true friends by their American uniform, and he will be less likely to bo cheated again. This policy I strongly recommended a few years since. Had it then been generally adopted, our beloved country would probahly have escaped the ruin and disgrace brought upon us by the spoils party. In such a holy struggle for our altars and firesides, we shall find a warm re sponse in the most influential quarter. In such a patriotic effort to save the Union from a recurrence cf the sad spectacles yet fresh in the remembrance of us all, we may fearlessly appeal to the women oj America. They will not dishonor the noble matrons of the Revolution. Thou sands will cheerfully forego the cse of foreign fabries; and by rendering those of our own native industry dear in the eyes of their sons and brothers, foil the base compact by which the honor and happi ness of a now prosperous country are to bartered away for the spoils of office, and the Unian deluged with the pauper labor of Europe sent hitherto enrich the mil lionaire Peels, Cobdcns and Crawshays of Britain beggar America and to bring into disgrace that republicanism which the crowned heas of Europe have so lonj sought to destroy or dishonor. E. C LAMB vs SHEEP. A lady, whose maiden name was Laobt but who recently got married, met r,n ac quaintance the other day, and thus addres sed her: "Ah, Sarah, so you have got Tnam'ed and changed your name I nd.' "Yes, indeed." repl;ed she, "and in getting married, instead ci'being a I.amb. I find that I . have made a Sheep of my self." "Tommy, my son, what is longituueT "A clothe? line, dnddv." "Trove ir, mv ?fji. i "JJ -cause, ji i,t 'i. uc- iOM pO.' lo uole. t !