5
9
mm
AND FARMERS' AMD;' KECIlAf JIGS' RESiSTER.
cir NOT PAID WITHIN THE TEAS.
I 52 50 WILL BE CHAKUED.
TWO DOLLARS PER AN?
IIALF-YEARLT IX ADVA.CL.3
FRINTED AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY JONATHAN BOW.,: SOMERSET, SOMERSET COUNTY, PA.
i r i r 'I i I 111
I
Hew Series.
XOit at a ?mcf).
A country girl cm morning went
To market with a Pig;
The little cur-tail not content.
Squeaked out a merry jig.
A gentleman, on passing by.
Laughed much ami jeering spoke:
'I wonder, Miss, your child will cry.
When wrapped up'in a cloak."
"Why. Sir," quite pert die girl replies,
bad a breeding has he,
. That ever and anon he cries
Whene'er he skes ins Daddt!" J
ousrc00fonal.
SPEECH OF THE
HON. A. STEWART,
Of Pennsylvania.
On Internal Improvements and
tlie Tariff. Delivered in the II.
of Representatives oftlie Cni
; ted States, Marca 11, IS4G.
Mn. Stewast. of Pennsylvania, said,
he had not intended to address the com
mittee on the subject now r. ne'er debate,
but some of the remarks of the gentleman
from Virginia, (Mr. Bayly.) who had just
resumed his scat, had induced him to de
part Iram that purpose, and to throw him
eeif cn the indu'.'fnce cl the committee.
, That gentleman opposed this bill on
two grounds: 1st, he denied the constitu
tional power of Congress to pass it; and
2diy, he denied the expediency of doing
soil the power existed.
He wished to say a few words, in the
first place, jn reply to the constitutional
objection, and then notice some of the
other ren:3rks ofthe gentleman, in the or
der thev mirht occur to him, for he had
taken no notes. As to the power, it seem
ed to him if Congress had not power to
pass this bill, ithad not power to pass any
of the three hundred bills now upon the
calendar. "What are those bills! What
is their end and purpose! They arc all
introduced in pursuance of that povision
of our admirable Constitution, which de
clares thai '-Congress shall have power to
psss a!! laws necessary and proper to car
ry into execution the foregoing power?.'"
The eranis of p.vwer were, In a rery few
words, thus "Congress shall h.v.e power
to regelate commerce with foreign nations,
and among the States," -declare war,
Tzi armies, provide and maintain a nary,
establish posi ofilcc-s and post roads; and
having thus bricdv indicated the ureal and
substansive powers of the Government, it
wisely declared, that Congress should
have power to select the means "necessa
ry and proper" for carrying into effect
these powers. This, perhaps, would have
followed as a matter of course; but, to
remove all doubt, it had been expressly
inscrted. Now. what was the character
of ail, or nearly all, the bills on your cal
endar, and all the laws in your statute
booke? They were but the means pro
vided for carrying into effect the sreat and
express powers of Government, and if
this bill to improve harlnrs or rivers, to
taeuitaie the commerce and defence of the
country, was unconstitutional, then all our
bilis are rqualiv unconstitutional, antiCoTi-
grc;? might r.s vvci. adjourn snu no home,
.11
and lor all the zool th
arc likely to do,
he thought ihe fx;ner th-? be tier. Th?
repeal of th2 tariiT, the su-ireasurv, and
var.wiih sii their hitter n.i
disastrous
fruits, he feared were the c:i!y mrasu
to be expected from the continued del
ib-
orations of the present Congress. The
Southern strict constructionists, however,
found ibeir constitutional doctrines cr-C3tiin-ly
convenient: whatever they wish
C
out
tue
ist shadow
of a doubt; but
wiu'nci
er a measure is proposed which ;
they dislike, and want to defeat, they have j Court, as delivered by Chief Justice Mar
rn eisy expedient always ready they Vet I shall. Some gentlemen think it constitu
brhirul the Constitution; it does not suit j tional to make a long road, or improve a
ihtrirtat?: tbf-y d nt relish its provis-i long river, but not a. short one. Length
- - i i t" v.i a i
ions: ana cl course it is contrary. to tne
Coristiu't'cri.. But wht?ver pleases
Southern notion, or Southern interests, is
all njrhi z perfectly constita tional.
Mr. S. did not derive the power to pass
2 bill lor internal improvements from anv
on-2 special grant in the Cen; .itution; it
d?per.ded cpon the' character of the im
provement proposed upon its end and
o'ljecL If it was intended to facilitate
commerce amor.g the Stues, the power to
pis it resulted from the power "to regu
l.? commerce amonj the Sttts.' If it
wjs intended rs a rcilitarv- road or canal,
it referred itself to the military powers. If
it" was designed for mail purpose?, then
the right to p?.ss it was derived from the
post ctti-c poorer. Thus each and every
constitutior.r.l grant of power carried with
1L as a necessary incident, its own appro
priatf. m"ans cf execution; and without
this the Constitution would have been a
dead 'ctter, and this Government could
never have hern p;:t in notion.
The CT.tit:;;i.r. did not, cf course,
tnrmenite alt the things that Congress
nr,y in; i cor.Id not indicate all the laws
thni Counress miht pr.?3 to carry on the
Ooifrrm'.nt in all time to come; that was
irr'pr.fsib!?., the attempt would have
K::u p;rpc5ter6i. The Constitution in
t.. e.-f-e, would Ma-- trrn, not
law, but a ccde of taw? for a
an organic
jreat aud
! growing nation throughout all time. The ; railroads, and with improved rivers, ren
i Cons litution conferred on the Government dered navigable as highways, you can
of the country great and leading substan- gather your strength at any requisite
1 rnanrtpr. lt$ail t noinU and that at the shortest notice.
that the Government should have power 1
to defend the countrv; power to regulate
; it.s commerce; power to transmit intelii
gencc. Then it declared that the Con
j grcss mightdo whatever was "necessary
j and proper' to carry out and make effee
i tire these general grant, and suit them to
. the want and exigencies of the country.
; as they should be developed in the pro
f 2Tess of time and the arts. "Congress,'
says the Constitution, "shall have power
to establish post odlces and posts roads,"
and there it stopped; and there, according
to the doctrines of the gentleman Irom
Virginia, the power of Congress to act j
stonned also. Yet how was" it that Con- 1
Tcss,bv virtue of this "rant, had passed j
volumes upon volumes of laws establish
ing a Post Oince Department, providing
for the transportation of the mails, the
punishment of offences, and so on; if the
doctrines of the geaUeman were correct,
all these laws were unconstitutional and
void: and so of all the laws passed for
linht-houses, buoys, beacons, seawalls,
forts, arsenals, and every thing of the kind,
from the foundation of the Government
up to the present hour. The gendeman's
constitutional metaphysics subverted the
whole of them, "and like the baseless fab
ric of a vision left not a wreck behind.'
When a gentleman proposes any mea
sure to Congress for ti action, and the in
quiry was raised as to the constitutional
power to enact it, his answer must depend
on the subject matter; his first task was
to show that k was "necessary and prop
er,"' as a means ot carrying into execu
tion some one of the granted powers.
When he had shown that, he had aright
to ask its adoption, .nd if a majority of
both Houses of Congress concurred with
him it would le adopted, if not it would
be rejected, and here was the scrutiny,
and the only scrutiny, against unconstitu
tional legislation. Suppose the subject
was a road, the military power in the
Constitution empowered Congress to make
military roads for the transportation of
armies and munitions of war. And so the
commercial power authorized Congress to
make commercial roads, whether over the
land, or by the channels and course of
rivers. The miiitarv power cave Con
gress a riht to build a fort, but a fort
inhiht bv so situated as to be useless with
out a road leading to it; therefore. Con
gress has the same power to make the
road that they have to erect the fort.
If gendemen would give themselves the
trouble to look into the decisions of the
Supreme Court, they would find that.that
enlightened tribunal had laid down the
doctrines he advocated, as the true 5c just
interpretation of the Constitution. In the
case of MtCuIi'ock vs. the State of Mary
land, reported in -1th Wheaton.Chicf Jus
tice Marshall declared this to be the clear
and undoubted meaning of that instrument.
The powers Congress ordinarily exercise,
are but in their nature meaus of executing
powers; and ihe only limit, or restriction,
imposed by the Constitution on the dis
cretion of Congress, is, that the means
shall be 4frcs?flry and proper' to the
end of earn ing out of the granted power.
Within that limitation Congress can do
whatever they judge expedient in carry
ing out the express powers.
Who is 'to juuee whether a measure
j proposed is "necessary and proper"to the
execution o: an express power? Con
gress must judge for itself: the degree of
necessity is not indicated. The Constitu
tion docs not say the means employed
mustbe absolute' tf or indispensably ne
cessary not at all; all that it requires is,
that the means employed shall be fit and
useful for the purpose indicated, Such is
the unanimous opinion cf the Supreme
or orcauui, or locality, nave notninirto (Jo
with the question. Whether the road he
live miles long or five hundred, is a matter
perfectly immaterial, the true question is,
what is its purpose! Suppose a road to
a fort be but a mile long, if it is needed to
reach the fort it is constitutional to make
if. as much so as if it were a thousand
miles long. ' " - -
Mr. S. contended, that, as a means of
national defence, a general system of rail
road connecting our cities on the sea
board, and penetrating the interior, was
better and more effectual (in an extended
country like ours) than any system of for
tifications that could be devised. Should
an enemy make a demonstration on any
point on the seaboard, before he could ap
proach and e3?ct a landing, troops could
be collected sufficient to prevent the suc
cess of bis enterprize. Had we posses
sed such roads in the last war, this city
would never have fallen into the hands of
the enemy; in two hours troops micht
have been brought from Baltimore, who
would hare effectually checked the march
of the invaders, and thev never would
have wrapped this Capitol in flames. , But
forts, except in verv particular cases, may
j be avoided; the invading force can get
j round them; and thev car. choose their
j own piace.of landing, and they wiU choose
sccordirgly. But with a good net-work of
TUESDAY, APIRIi 21, 1846,
The gentleman would bring us back
unaer uic system oi me um vviueutri
tion; but that has been tried, and found
insufficient for the well being of a country
so extensive as ours. In a time of peace,
(and in our past history, as I trust in our
future,we shall have comparatively but lit
tle war.) lorts are useless. Cosung mil
lions and millions to erect them, they are
utterly without value; while, at the same
time, they continue tr cost large sums to
keep them in a state of repair and suita
bly manned. But rail roads are as useful
in peace as in war. They are well worth
ad they cost lor purposes of commerce
and intercourse. What are forts worth in
time of peace! They are not only use
less, but a source of continual expenditure.
And if railroads are a better means ot
defence than forts, then thev are more
constitutional, being more "necessary and
proper' for earning out the defensive
power conferred upon Congress.
Ilaviug thus given my views of the
constitutionality of this bili, I will say a
word or two as to tha expediency of the
measures it proposes.
The gentleman from Virginia (with
many other gentlemen from the South,)
arc terribly alarmed at this system: they
apprehend it is going to bankrupt the
Treasury to waste the hard earned n;o
nev of the people; that it is a licentious
ond abominable proceeding, wholly with
out legal warrant or useful end. What!
Wasteful, profligate, unconstitutional to
improve the country? hy, has it not
been done from the very foundation of the
Government? Has it not been done by
every Congress from that day to this.
Why, then, has not the Treasury been
bankrupted by this horrid system long be
fore now? WThy should gentlemen con
fine themselves to the future? It is easy
to prophecy but, on their own princi
ples, why has the thing not occurred long
ao? I believe we have a Treasury still
not. indeed, a verv fall Treasurv, but
with a present surplus of seven or eight j
millions lying idle and useless useless to
the Government, but not useless to the
banks in which it i deposited But the
gentleman thinks that this svstem will in-
1 vclve appropriations to the tune of ahun-
dred millions of dollars per annum, and
read the veto
message
containing
this
frightful phantom
In IS24, with the powerful aid of Mr.
McDuffie, and many other tlistingushed
Southern gentlemen, a general system of
internal improvement was adopted, and a
board of internal improvement, organized
by Mr. Calhoun, the Secretary of War,
ordered toexamine the whole country ,and
lay down a plan, accompanied with esti
mates, for improving the entire I'nion, so
as to enable Congress to seleet ihe rrccl
national and important. The board, sfter
a general recognizance, made a repnri ac
cordingly, proposing the appropriail.v. cf
perhaps a hundred millions of d!lars;and
ibis was wjjat was put into the message to
frighten the people; it answered its pur
pose well it did alarm the couutry. But
then tlie gentleman and the message for
got to state, that u was to be spread over
perhaps a hundreI years: and even now.
the gendeman talks of a hundred millions
bcin voted immedialelr, and tlie Treasu
rr liankrupt. These attempts to frighten
the people, bv talking about hundreds of
millions, is all sherc humbug. Nothing of
the sort was ever dreamed of, and gentle
men know it. Every power confided to
cur hands, maybe abused; but docs that
prove that the power does not exist!
Wliat power do we hold, according to the
gentleman's own admission, which we
may not abuse! We have the power to
levy taxes, and we may carry this so far
as to bankrupt, not the Treasury, but the
People. We have tlie power to raise ar
mies and build fleets and will the gen
tleman deny the existence of these pow
ers because they may be abused? ,
But how is it that gentlemen from the
South now talk so loud and long about
tlie inequality of the system -it is now
all at once a system of Western robbery
and plunder. At the last session, these
gentlemen were exceedingly kind and ac
commodatmg to the est. But
why:
'fhnf wanted Western votes for Texas
they wanted iheW 7ags rolled." These
western rivers were then inland seas'
all right, constitutional, and expedient
plenty of money for the V'est no objec
tion. But their los are now at the mill
they have got Texas and don't, want
Orejron, and now all at once their tune is
changed. Now the crv is, ch! vcu west
ern robbers, you cormorants, yon raven
ous wolves, nothing will satisfy you short
Gf "all of Oregon," and the last doUar in
the Treasury. But Mr. S. contended that
j the people of the West had been the mere
; step-children of this Government... When
its good thirds were being distributed a-
racng its favorites, the West has received
comparatively nothing. Ana whvl ihe
scat of power was on the seaboard. They
cae the West a few crumbs, and they had
S to be "thankful for fnial! favors. He
would venture te say, that if a line should
! be drawn one mile above the flow of the
t tides, and fror
the lake sr
orn our Whesternborndary and
round this whole Union, it
! would be found Lhat the whole of the
pronation made far all .the rivers and
" ' ... .
,to n u:a,, r ;nrnrp.
ment, in the whole of the 'interior embra-1 naorc than twenty tunes as much as the
ced in this vast boundary, from the foun-. le of our wasted foreign commerce,
dation of this Government up to the pres-'j Yet gendemen still go for foreign com
cnt bnnr. would nnt smnnnt tn as much mcrce; notlung but foreign commerce
ent bnnr. would nnt smmmt tn as much
GU1 Un rrnomUtnn Trt r.r
to the Delaware breakwater and the" Rip
orcaKwater on tne seaooaru lie reierreu
Raps." . Scarcely "as much as it had cost
tn Prpn tbp npn,!;,1 txWZro in wliih wp
are now deliberating. And vet it was -
said the West had got more than their
share, and ihat nothing could satisfy their
ravenous appetites. Last session,thc har- j
bor and river bill, which for the first time j
made some liberal appropriations to wes- ;
tern objects, was vetoed by the accident at j
President, wh o had never received a sin- j
gle vote for that office an act of usurpa
tion which would have produced anuni
W,t r,f -inHiminn. hnt fnr lh-
r .u , . - who reaches ew l ork or Boston first,
insignmcance of the man. i Resolved. Tliat this Convention is - , , . - c r .
o nuuuu, iwi mis v-uuiui i ' is not hkelv to reserve h:s funds for a
Mr. Cobb here desired to ask Mr. assembled under an impulse of self Pre- i vjsjt elsewhere. Baltimore, except as to
Stewart, whether he had not voted for servation, at a crisis of overwhelming Groccrieg shc joes not resr3ni as a for
that man as President? Mr. Stewart re- interest. Alreatly, at cne session of thj j jjjV.j,. ccrnnetitor. It is" her great in
plied, neverfor President, never, sir; Legislature, bae our claims to justice j tcWthenV'to render the Southern routs
but he would not stop to bandy words been billled and repulsed; and there is j s 2ltractjT(, as possible. All who cm
about Tyler the subject was too low and ( reason to fear that every hour may bear j pVv U'raust pass .through Philadelphia
disgusting. (A laugh.) v?on its wings the shout of final triumph re reschi yew Yo"rk, and thus ba
Though the people of the West had over our -hasted hopes and rumed for brought, with luU purses, in reach of her
contributed millions on millions to the tunes. slocg of Gootls aJ of her hospitable at-
Treasury, what had they ever received? j Resolved, That it would nl comport , temioaSi Let ternv;nu5 be at a point
like her rreat rivers, had flowed m per-
petual streams to the Atlantic, never, nev-
pr in rptnrn YKpi-r n'prp hrr arT!rnnri-
" - " r
auons tor buoys, light-houses, iacons,
forts, breakwaters, and all the tlK-usasd
objects which carried the contents of the
Treasury to the East? The interior ami
the West had none cf these objects: and
objects:
if appropriations for works of internal jra-
piUYEUltil.s IQUll Ui; ucuiru, rr i wlo
she ever to receive? The doctrine of these
ultra constructionists would take from the
Government all power to appropriate a
dollar to the West. Where was our ar
my? on the seaboard. Our navy? on the
seaboard. Our ship yards? on the sea
board. Our forts! on the seaboard.
Our buoys and beacons? on the seaboard.
Our piers, harbors, breakwaters, and oth
er defences? on the seaboard. Take away
from us our. internal improvements, and
what have we left? Nothing, sir, abso
lutely nothing. What Western man
could vote for such doctrines? it would
be treason to his country and constituents
to do so. But he would turn the atten
tion of gentleman to one fact that seemed
to be ib.-gottea in some quarters. In times
past, the West was as nothing in the esti
mation of certain transcendental construc
tionists, while the Atlantic States were the
whole Union. To the backwoodsmen,
they gave out cf mere condescension; but
with a sparing hand. The seaboard took
4 i - v, . ...
cut of the. head cf the heap, while the
West got the sweepings cf the gra'n floor.
The prime dishes cn the Government ta
ble were for the princes of the Coast,
while the West must be content with the
crumbs. But a period was fast approeh
ing when the West could no longer be
found beggingfor crumbs, and having even
the crumbs refused, cr jriven with a nig
gardly hand. No, sir! If the people of the
West were at this moment fully represen
ted, according to their present population,
in that Hall, thev would Cummund what
they now hid to ask in vain. If they
had their rights on this floor to-day, they
would control the legislation cf this coun
try. But a few years would set this mat
ter right. Four or five years would bring
the next census, and then the people on
the west of the Alleghanies would demand
with k voice that would not be disregard
ed it would then be their turn to 'ire
and take; and let gentlemen beware in
time,
Gendemen said the States ought tomake
these improvements. But what was the
character of these works? Were they
not national in every respect? The
great rivers cf the West belonged to
no State or States they were the prop
erty of the whole counirr. They consti
tcd the States boundaries, as did the Atlantic-
they were as national as the ocean.
These rivers wereamon? the intemalcon
cerns of no State. What 'ight had any
StalR In rarrv 0:1 imnrnvf-monts in rivrs
which were not theirs? "The- centleman
J
from Virginia said that the States had ru- ! at Pliladelphia utterly incongruous to the j of those whose vital interests are at stake,
ined themselvt 5 by theirinternal improve- functions cf a Court oi" Error. An unlcr- ; The day will be an appropriate one. Wo
ments. That made against his argument. ! lunate wretch has lingered in the Pitts- mav have to decide whether the Anniver
They had mined themselves in doing.out j burg Jail, for upwards of seventeen ' sary shall hereafter be 1 joked upon by us
of their own State funds, what ought to j months, under Scnteuce of Death, because without a deep ser.ee cf humiliation.
have been dona cut of the National Trf a- the Jubees will not decide on the Writ of . The spirit of our fathers then severed.
sury. The. execution of works strictly
national, had been improperly cast upon
the States; and if they had been ruined,
it was because the General Government
had refused to exercise it3 cwn legitimate
powers and perform its legitimate duties.
A sense .of common justice would lead
Congress to appropriate something to en
able the West to clear out her rivers, and
build her roads, and develop her boundless
resources. The improvements provided
for in this bill, m:ght save, an call v, hun
dreds ol lives and millions of nronertv
When gendemen formerly talked about
ihe commerce of the United States, no-
body thought of anv thln-r bnt fnrehrn
commerce, ihat was the commerce of i wish the attention 01 lacorDmcnweaitn ; o.e ie, wii.i-. .uz:igrzs Tly ex
ilic countrv. Internal commerce was I steadily fixed upon the policy which is 1 tended tn us ih$ rirh; hand cf iehow'hh?
4 nothing ;t was forgotten and overlook -
ap-'ed. Every tiling mustbe done for our '
Jortign commerce, nothing tor u,if ruat
. i t. :. . i
coir. ir.crcc, mourn It
UU'.T aillUuJiXU
mcrce; nouung out loreign
was constitutional. Foreign labor for
-foreiirn evcrv thine." AH was
& bv"
foreign, foreign, foreign. All was British
nothing American, .vir. naa no idea
that this Government had no duty, no ob-
ligation to any body but foreigners.
He
thengnt cur erst uu
was to ourselres, .
our country, and our own people.
fjtEXUNDER NEXT WEEK.
31 ASS CO.WCXTIOV IX AL.L.E-
t;iit:v.
The following are the resolutions a -
dopted bv ;he Mass Convention held in
AlWh-nv Citv. on the Sth instant:
; occa sion to indulge m t!i
'menace. But we cannot
tn tho truth, tht nn rO.1
. -
; c?.n long endure, w nica is leu iy a larbe
, portion only thrcugh its power to op -
! press. Ourhumhie request has been for
j permission to open a road over our own
property, guarded bv the necessary legis-
lative sanctions
Every inch of tlie soil
eges ena appurtenances, in consiueriuu
i - : .1 .:
uuulI6a " llxJ "-sv the terminus oi the Kailroad, wiii at once
j wish. They hold it under a direct grant j lhrown out of any schca3 of iRtarnal
i from lh Cnmmftriwpsltn. with ail Tmvil- 1 . . - f i r .i
ui uiuiicja jmiu iu;u u.c v ind h be abandonej forever, bv corn-
Most ot the owners along the route havemon conaentf t0 thcse sarc3sra3-at it,
heretofore known the government only as j vexaliocs obstructions in which men cf
a Collector ot 1 exas, and as having ren
dered useless or unproductive, the roads
constructad by private enterprise. Yet
now in the attempt to make one of the
most obvious and familiar uses of their
property, they are arrested by a malign
usurping the, name of the Common
wealth! The united owners may run a
plough through the whole distance, but
shall not be smlered to open a road ! No
instance of tyrtny so highhanded; so ex
asperating; so faul to ail the motive's that
impel men to Lbor, and the acquisition of
property, C3n be found even in the histo
ry of Ireland's oppression by the power
st Iondon. That power seeks rather-to
soothe the pang of political subjection by
munificence and bv lavish aid to everv
project of improvement. An attempt to
deprive Irishmen of the free use of the
soil beneath their feet would over-rule all
political and religious dissensions, and
j enable thcai to cast off the oppressor for
ever. Aud we, I reemen of Pennsylva
nia, will not tamely submit to be stripped
by a power at Philadelphia, of tha advan
tages which God and Nature have pla
ced within our reach. Who can under
take to fix a limit to these crurroachmcnis
if not now resitted. The same influence
which has been brougnt to bear against
the South-western counties, will equally
interdict the owners of property along tlie
Allegheny River, from constructing -a
Railroad or a Canal through their lands.
And whil3 we are thus made to feel, at i
every turn, the galling- evils uf our polit
ical association with Philadelphia, the
minutest scrutiny cannot enable us to dis
cover a single countervailing benefit. It
has been said, with truth, that tlie great
purpose of social organization is to secure
a prompt and faithful adml-.:trction of
justice. How is it with us! Before the
Supreme C curt, sitting at Pittsburgh, may
be brought irom the est, tne Norih, and
the Soudi, all theliihraticn, springing ou
thn vast and multifarious transactions of
those regions, even though it ordinate
before a Justice of the Peace. Yet for a
long series of years, we have seen here
only a broken Bench, because all the
Judges reside east of the Mountains, and
i because, forsooth, business to be done
Error in his case, without a full Court,
and no one can predict when that con
summation shall be witnessed. These
crying evils' mav drive us to a remedy
which will leave'us life, liberty, rroncrtv
ana in:
a tne pursuit 01 happiness, no longer ol every peopic a:: a..i yijsuuiu is m
pendent upon the arbitrary caprice of j the blood that riss at injustice and op
ose whose interests and whose passions . press ion. We owe a duly to the past
dei
. 1
moss wnose interests ana whose p
array them in an attitude of hostility to-
wards us. "
Resolved, That the coarse of PhHa-
delphia, however it may be reconciled
with a narrow selfishness, w one
f i ; r -
jlv in con Act with the interests cf every
other part cf the State. It begins ar.d
I ends within her own curb-sire.?. We
' avowed by her most shrewd sad able
Vol, 4. No. 23.
men, who smile at the array - cf public
cq iu , uu
irKn ,rmt th rrrnpc r I a Lpr.lrsl Kail
rwtiV auiio. w.v. j-. vj w . .
road to be a mere imposture of the hour
to distract the friends of the Biil. They
hold it to be for the interest of Philadel
phia, as a Mart, that the Baltimore ami
Ohio Rai'roed should strike as low
powx the Ohio as possible, and for rea
sons not very difficult to comprehend.
The great rival of Philadelphia is New
York. The vast natural advantages of
the latter, with her spirit and entcrpriso
ia improving them, gnc to her aa ascend-
ency which threatens to be irresistable.
The current is towards her from every
1 quarter, however remote. t.vcn tne
1 Cross-cut. nnitin'T the Pennsylvania and
: Ohio Canals, which it was supposed
T - v
?!
i would divert all the trade on its progress
! towards the Lakes, proves, in fact, a
'
tn!?i3r to the II
! rl 'I. -tL 1 L
1 "e'P
ttnnr irtr
1 ter tc Such are her rejections, and
) si,;h her Ucv; a3j lhese slje is reajr
to not only the in:crcsts cf
; wstern pe,nsviTin;a. bnt of the rest of
, -., mUtto tV1( Tr-
The river between Pittsburg and
, w fofCC Congress;
all political parties have successively in
dulged. Resolved, That in the enormous
Philadelphia speculation in Lands in
Western Virginia we recognize another
mntive lor ii.imorons outrrv aTiinst m
proposed right of way hiding itself behind
the mask of zeal for the general welfare.
Resolvep, That the policy which
would regard our sister Stales as enemies
to be plotted against, is not only at war
with the best interests of Pennsylvania,
but is derogatory to the ac in which we
live, and to the Constitution, whose sa
cred iwnd hold us together. The cher
ished object of the framers of that instru-t
ment was to break up any such misera
ble jealous- to make us all feel that,
'We, the people of the United Slates,'
had entered into a perpetual league of
brotherhood aud good office to prove
how wonderfully our interests entwine
and run into each other and to view
every new channel of intercommunication
as tending to strengthen the Union, and
to advance the cause of free government.
But a new doctrine is started which would,
erect a wall of brass around our borders,
with only a single gate at Philadelphia.
It reproaches tlie Almighty for having;
made rivers out of our own State, la
its stupid blindness it would offer up
daily prayers that the sources cf the Del
aware and the Allegheny, of the Susque
hanna and Monongahela minht be dried
up, because they water soil of New York,
Maryland and . Virginia. The curse of.
God and man must rest upon such a
creed !
Resolved, That the ofiicers of this
meeting be authorized to open a corres
pondence with the Mansgers of the Balti
more and Ohio Railroad, to ascertain
whether legislative action may net ba
j j dispensed with on the unanimous cession
t ; of the owners of the soil, and to convey
i a" assurance tnat, m such event, ihe
:ch
vork shall be guarded against molestation
i a H hazards.
j Resolved, That this Convention will
! adjourn to re-assemble on the -4 th day of
' Jul v next. Time will thus be afforded
j for reflection and for a full representation
forever, the sonnection with Britain on
her attempt to draw too tltrht die cords of
colonial subjection. Shall their descend
ants tamelv'submit to be tr-.d'Ien under
' fool ? There are moments in the hi'torr
to ourselves to the latere. When
j our children shall wander ever this re-
! gion cl d?sertrJ fields and cmmblir
j miss, they may well tcm with scorn cp-:
on tne memrr. 01 v eir oasiaru sirrs- rv'-.t
saw wrested I'-om them, wiihout
gic, the choicest b!es.-irgj o."
ocjntrouj
nature. And h-storv wj.i ,.
tn ir.c ir.eTt -
' ad support, an afssssia ragr, tun
as far below Pittsburgh as possible, ana
e lanrruase of j , u 4 r, nnA ,,t
shut our eyesjp . f hr.
?3tion oi men I. , i . i .
, r-- i imnrnvement. wmrn me nower oi me