IT (" TWO COLLARS, PER ANNUM,? IIAI.F-YEAKLY IN ADVANCE MB C FARMERS5 AHD VSEGIIAFJIGS BEBISTBL cIF NOT PAID WITUIN THE YEAR, i J2 JO WILL Hi CliAKGED. ll ; , PRINTED AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY J O N A T H'AX R O W , SOMERSET, SOMERSET COUNTY, PA. ,-. f . . - w ' . - , , - - - . ' - ; J , -.. . gaa rr i i " iii ' , . . '" ' . . . " ' ' 1 cwSeries.l; r . '.", TUESDA1T, JSARCH 17, 1846, Vol- 4. No. 18. ' t : Soofi fortoarfc.' One year tlie rearer, wife, Are we to death; Time, love, that meete'h life, darners our breath. Let not thy dear face own Looks of distress; . If days of love are gone, Sorrows arc less. Look forward cheerily, Hope to the last! Wouldst thou live wearilv, Cling to the past. St. Louis Reville. COPPERREGION. Lake Superior Copper Minks The InTFREST OF PITTSBURGH IX THAT RE GION Canal at Sault St. Marie Copper Smelting and Manufacturing in Pittsburgh. Unless one is conver sant with what is passing outdoors, and the undercurrent of business, he is apt to be ignorant of many of the most import ant enterprises of the day. . No one who has witnessed and heard and felt the in tense excitement among our citizens, du ring the past month would have suspect ed that 3 movement was progressing un derneath it, calculated to have an import ant influence upon the city, unless he had kbeen made acquainted wtth it by tome of those interested. The encoura ging accounts which we have lately pub lished concerning the Copper region and more especially the unexampled and un expected success of the Pittsburgh com panies, have excited a very strong spirit of enterprise among our capitalists. We have taken pains to inquire into the extent of the intcerst of Pittsburg in Copper Mining Companies. The result is, we have ascertained that several hun dreds of our citizens are directly interest ed, and that they have leases from Gov ernment of at least Fifty square miles, on Lake Superior. The number of com panies we have not learned. Besides about fifty locations which cover the above extent of territory, a large number also own more or less stock in other eastern cumpanies. These facts will serve to show the extent of the interest of our citi zens in Lake Superior. At the head, not only of these, but all other companies in the Copper Region, the Pittsburgh company now unquestion ably stands first, The richness of the veins they have opened and up to this period successfully worked, is unparal leled by ony other than those of Mexi co and South America. We are well aware that doubts are expressed as to their extent and many are the predictions that they will fail. Perhaps it is well that it si so. But so far as science can for see no such result is to be expected. All the other locations by Pittsburghers so far as they have been worked promise well, and even should the silver fail, the richness of the copper ore must yield a very large return. Some of that taken out at Copper Harbor y ields no less than 80 yer cent of pure copper. From these brief remarks it will readi ly be seen that the interest of our own and Eastern Companies, on Lake Supe rior, has bee ame vrey large. It is also well known that owing to the obstruc tions in the river at Sault st. Marie, ves sels and steamboats cannot pass or repass that point. There is a portage separa ting Lake Huron and Lake Superior about one quarter of a mile across. The vessels now on the latter Lake were haul ed over this portage and launched on Lake Superior. 'Phis is the only obstruction between Buffalo, Eric or Cleveland, and the copper country. The ground has been examincdjby experienced engineers, end pronounced perfectly practicable for a ship canal, at an expense of about $300,000. It could be made this corn ins: summer and would unlock the im mensc country, bordering on that great inland sea. If this canal was completed, vessels could load with ore at the Mines, and convev it without breaking bulk to Cleveland or Erie. The great import ance of this canal, and the small out-lay necessary to make it, are so obvious, the utmost exertions should be made to in duce Congress to make an appropriation and cause it to 1e constructed forthwith. No time to is be lost. We call the atten tion of our indefatigable representative, Hon. C. Darrah, tothe matter and urge those interested, to get np petitions to Congress with the least possible delay. Every Pittsburgcr is interested in it as we will proceed, to show. We arc pleased to find that so many of our best men have already realized large sums from comparatively trifling in vestments. We are gratified because they are Pittsburgers, and feel deeply in terested in her welfare; and beeause they are so, we arc satisfied every dollar they gain will be brought directly or indirectly to swell the wealth of our city, and con tribute to the developcmcnt of her resour ce. While therefore we cannot demur to ihcir making themselves safe bv.hav ing disposed of stock at prices which cc- ! cure to them handsome .(sums, we hope j those who now. hold tftock in locations j Avhichliavc luriietfbWwell, wilPhold to j it. We arc among those who believe that the richness of ore in copper and sil ver will not fail, and we wish to sec the wealth realised from the mines secured to our own citizens. Some who have sold and received large sums for part their stock, certainly have no inducement to sell now when the prospects are far more flattering than they ever were. We have several times alluded to the project "of building Furnaces for smelting the ores, and mills for manufacturing the copper in this city. The great advanta ges which we possess in every respect ought certainly to induce our copper stock holders to do this. Look at our location. We are precisely at that point from whence wc can supply the entire South West, West, North West, and North at the lowest rates with the manufactured article. We not only have access to all th.'ce sections, but freights, as every busi ness man knows, are a mere trifle, because we can ship to any point at the most fa vorable time. The facility forgetting the ore is also great. It can be brought to this city from Erie or Cleveland at very low rales, much lower than it can be sent to Boston. Look at the price of coal any quantity at $1 per ton, and even less and that of the v ery best quality. Then there is the difference in the freight from Boston. The copper now sold here and in the West is brought from that city; but an article manufactured here, would at once take possession of the entire mark ets enumerated above just as our Cot ton nulls have excluded erstcrn yarns from the western market. It is impossi ble to specify the great advantage of smelting-our own ores and manufacturing our own copper, in so brief an article as this. We arc pleased to know, however, that one of our citizens, who, when he undertakes a work, never fails to carry it through, has the matter in hand, and se riously contemplates prosecuting it. lie is a genuine Pittsburgher; and will do his best to multiply her sources of wealth. We have thus rapidly sketched "this new and inviting field in which our city is now much interested. We have strong hopes that those of our citizens individu ally interested will endeavor to make our own city the great scat of- copper manu facturing in the West. It is so obviously their interest to do it, we think the sub ject needs only to be brought to their consideration to lead to a decision. But seme one must take the lead. The furna ces and mills must be built, whether by the gentleman we have taken the liberty to allude tc, or a company. If by the latter, and a charter is necessary, the pre sent sessien of the Lcgistature is as favor able a period as and to procure it. The cost will be but little to get it, and the work can be prosecuted at leisure. In a few months the veins worked by the Pittsburgh companies will have yielded some thousands of tons of ore, and if the furnaces were erected this summer a stock of ore sufficient to keep them in operation during the winter could easily be brought from the Lakes this summer. The small Pittsburgh companies will want to sell their ore or have it smelted; and it would be to their interest to bring it home if a smelting establisement were in operation here. These are the principal points which will attract attention. The action of Congress in relation to the Canal at the Sault, must be invoked immediately, if the' work is to be done this summer, and as as it would return hundreds per cent to the Treasury, we think no diffi culty will be experienced in inducing Government to Gazette. undertake it. Pittsburg Tragic Romance i:i Ileal Ufe. The Winchester Virginian says. A young woman, named Hoover arrived in our town, by the cars on Saturday week last, and from her needy circumstances, claimed, and received the aid of some be nevolent citizens. With her was an el derly lady, her friend who accompanied her from Lafayette, Ohio. On ther way fromWheeling and Cumberland, the stage in which they were, was upset in cross ing a creek, and a small basket contain ing some clothing and all the money they had, was swept down with the stream. The morning after her arrival, the young lady hurried on to Cedar Creek, in this county, anxious to see her parents, who had left her seven vears ago in the fami of a friend, being compelled themselves by sickness to leave Ohio and return to Virginia in pursuit of health. Her dis appointment may be conceived, when she found, on reaching her home, that her father, anxious about her return, having collected his little dues and sold some of his property, had just started for the West! - But deeper grief awaits her still. A letter received by our Postmaster, com municated the sad tidings that her affec tionate parent on his return home, on foot, was shot by a man named Martin, who threw himself into his company nnder the guise of friendship, and mur dered him for his little money. The letter enclosed a part of the old man's shroud. The murderer was arrested. Imagination can hardly weave a more tragic tale. i FOOT TREVTS OX ROCKS. The St. Louis Rupublican calls to our remembrance a singular phenomenon which attracted much attention about thirty years since, and we glean the fol lowing description from its columns. At the early settlement of St. Louis on the river bank then properly speaking now, the wharf near what was at that time extreme low water mark, was to be seen, in hard limestone rock, the impres sion of two" feet, so perfect that art could add nothing to their faultless pro portions. The road lay along and under an abrupt ledge of rocks, and the foot prints were so far to the east as to be un touched for years. For a considerable portion of every year they were, of course, covered by the water, but the at trition the constant working of the cur rent and the sand; seemed to make no im pression upon the smooth and beautiful slab of rock. A gentleman caused this stone to be quarried and removed to his place of business, in 1816 or 1817. It was taken out in one piece, about eight feet long, three feet six inches wide and one foot thick. The feet indicated the position of a man with his face up the river. On the face of this stone was a mark, which, the "gentleman thinks, es caped the observation of many persons. "The individual who made these foot prints stood facing, or looking up the shore, and while in that position, it ap pears as if he had reached forward, and, with a small stick, or with his finger had made n irregular or oval mark near his toes. The impression of the oval mark was about the same depth all round as that of the foot prints: and in laying off the stone for cutting out, I brought the- in ner side of the oval mark to about the centre of the stone, thereby preserving the whole entire. It is added, that those who were quarrying had seen" other foot prints, and the prints of hands .of chil dren near them. This gentleman had the stone in his possession for some years. What was then regarded as extravagant sums of money, were offered for it, although Gov. Clarke, he says, had proffered a Frenchman two dollars to quarry out the rock, and it was declined. It was sold to Frederick Rapp, of , Harmony, Indi ana, for $150. The stone was after wards used, it is said, as a platform to a church in Harmony, it is now understood to be preserved in Dr. Owen's museum of objects of Natural history, at that place. i; Tlie existence of these remarkable im pressions in the rock, is known to nichy. But, how were they formed? . Were they the work, of art? And if so, with what implement were they made? The race of red men, once the denizens of this vast territory, had not, so far as known, the implements necessary to the execution of so faultless apiece of work, nor are they known to have exercised themselves in this way. If not done by them, how were such impressions made? If a petrifaction, would not the constant washing of the water and sand have ob literated the prints, even while undergo ing the process of formation? These are questions upon which casuists may hang theories, as they have done upon the mounds, and the prairies, and the extra ordinary geological formations, confound ing the wisdom of the wise, the specula tions of the learned, and the traditions of the people. Pitts. American." 15 ow England obtained Ireland The venerable John Quincy Adams, in his able speech in the House of Repre sentatives, on Monday of last, weck,while urging the validity of our title to Oregon said: "The Pope was in the custom of. giv ing away not only all barbarousjeountrics, with all their inhabitants, .but at timcs,civ llized countries too. He dethroned sov creignsdaid their kingdoms under an in terdict, and excommunicated them; and all this was submitted to. And the Gov ernment of Great Britain at this day holds Ireland by no other title. Three huiv4 dred years before the grant to Ferninnd and Isabella, Pope Adrian gave Ireland to Ilentry II. of England; and England holds the Island under that title now, unless, indeed she sets up another title by con quest; but Ireland, if in form conquered, has been in . almost perpetual rebellion ever since. England has been obliged to reconquer her some half dozen times, and if she means to do it again now she must begin soon. The question has been raised whether Ireland shall be independ ent, and if we get into war with England it will be a pretty serious matter for her to maintain her title." " CRANBERRIES. The quantity of cranberries sold at Fancuil Hall market during the past sea son, we are informed, amounted to about eight thousand bushels! which, at three dollars a bushel, the average price at which they were sold amounted to twen ty four thousand dollars. How much sugar will be consumed in cooking this exceedingly acid fruit, we have no means ofjudgiug. Boston Journal. THE YEAR 1S4S. Since the pending Oregon debate be gun a very open suspicion has been re peatedly expressed on the floor of Con gress, as our readers have seen, and is quite widely entertained by the observant part of the Public, that no little of the movements and a great part of the vio lence of the speeches is to be referred to certain aspirations that belong the year of Grace which we had placed at the head of this article. Our neighbor of the Democratic gov ernment paper evidently likes not these signs of competition, and thinks that there are somewhere Republican, say Democratic, spirits more aspiring than prudent or modest; and he therefore aJ monisheth them of late as follows: "Wc are free to say, too, that it will operate against rather than in favor of any man, whose friends should prematurely and unnecessarily precipitate him upon the country as their favorite candidate. It cannot be too. earnestly, too distinctly, impressed upon every man that it is of no advantage to any one tolje brought forward at this time to scheme for his election to shape measures for his suc cess; It is rather a serious disadvantage to any aspirant. It will disgust the peo ple. It will raise rival interests up a gainsthira. As in the sports of the turf, let any man run ahead at first, all the oth er horses will run agaiust him, and try to run him down. Let no man, then, pre tend to suspect us of adhesion, of prefer- ence to any one of even dreaming of any man's election. We would gravel v spurn such a supposition, if it were not almost too ridiculous for serious rebuke or a moment's consideration." Let no man be advised enough, th n, to imagine that the people have, or can be by war-speeches made to have, any spe cial favor for him. Should he try it, there shall be a "run" at him, and the country's love shall be turned to hate. And, above all thinga, let nobody - delude himself with the idea that the "c7Ho," means this time to "sink or swim with Mr. Van Buren," or with any body else, until after he shall be elected. Attend, then, all ye that are in a hurry to be great without leave! Wait till all is ready! Ye shall all have a chance, if ye do as ye are bid;" and ye shall all, in due time, be dealt with as fairly as at the Balti more Convention. It is usual and useful, however, after having ehecked the faithful with the law, to refresh and encourage their hearts with prophecy ;accordingly, the "Union," a lit tle after, permits a dim view of the fu ture, as follows: "They(thc peoplc)are not now thinking of who shall be the successor of Mr. Polk. The Government belongs to the people of the several sovereign States. is theirs to give and theirs to take a- way tne mgnest onice m their gut; ana if the President does his duty, as we be lieve he will, and puts his stamp, by the success of his measures, on tbe mode of his selection, it,is for the people to tell a- gain their most distinguished men to bide their time, and wait till the people shall call them into the public service." Now, this is by no means as clear as it might be; it strikes us that "the Party," the "Cohesives," will comprehend it. If it means any thing, it means but thus: "It is the people s to give& the people s 4 to take away or not take Qwa;f the highest office in their gift; and, Tf the President does his duty, and puts his stamp, by the success of his. measures, 4 on the mode of his selection, then the 4 most distinguished men all other can 4 didatcs must abide their time, and salt 4 up their hopes for another season, some 4 four years later than 1848 " We trust that all other candidates, and their respective friends, will take heed ac cordingly. Nat. Intel. From California. The Arkansas Gazette says that Mr. Leavitt has received a large number of letters with reference to his contempla ted expedition to California. It is sup posed that from five hundred to one thou sand American emigrants will start from Fort Smith on the first of April, for the purpose of establishing a colony at San Diego Bay. That Bay is south of San Francisco, and situated due west of the head of Gulf 5f California. It is said to possess the greatest advantages for com merce, and to be the most favorable place in California for a new colony. The shocks that were felt last Octo ber in Long Island, Connecticut, and va rious other places, are explained by late advices from the East. It appears that repeated shocks of Earthquakes were felt at Smyrna, Calcutta, etc. about that time, occasioning much damage and alarm. Eight houses fell at Ploumari and forty more were damaged, as well as some twenty-five shops and warehouses. On ly two of the eighty houses at Liskoli were standing. At Assam there were, three shocks, two of which were very violent, accompanied by great noises and undulations of the earth. At the latest dates continued shocks were felt at Cal cutta. " ; From the American Agriculturist. Tlie prospects of tne Farmers or tlie L'nited States. We think wc can discern in the causes of the present price of products, reasona bly prosperous condition for the agricul turists of the United States for some years j to come. The crops throughout a con- j siderable portion of Europe have been seriously diminished during the past sea-' son, and to . such an extent as to have j created a large demand for various arti cles of produce from our own country. Owing to a bad season, the wheat and oth- ; er gram crops, not only ol rngtana, oeot land, and Ireland, but also on the conti nent, have been somewhat deficient; while the potatoe rot has cut short this main article of food from large masses of the population. The North of Europe, from which large supplies of grain are annually draws.Jias partaken to no incon siderable extent in a deficiency of crop, while the region of the Black Sea, which annually exports largely, has at least not augmented its production. The millions are to be led abroad, and to no other country can they look for a full supply of food but to our own. Added to theunu sual deficiency of the Eastern hemisphere a rapidly growing demand has sprung up in Europe of late years for different items of American production, such as salted beef and pork, lard, oil, tallow, hides, butter, cheese, wool, &c, which has re lieved our home market of all the surplus produce at remunerating prices. This demand is constantly augmenting, and active, prosperous condition of foreign manufactures has rendered their continu al importation a matter of absolute cer tainty. The operation of our tariff has, on the other hand.diverted no inconsiderable por tion of our former agricultural classes into manufacturers, who have thus shifted sides & become consumers instead of pro ducers. So long as this policy shall be persisted in, a healthy division of the in dustrial classes of our country will bo maintained, and the ordinary products of our farmers will continue to command fair prices; while the increasing demand for various articles for their use, hitherto but little cultivated among us, will gradu ally induce their production to a large ex tent, and at profitable prices. Among these are silk, hemp, flax, indigo, etc. There is in addition, every probability of some relaxation in the very stringent policy of Great Britain, in regard to the admission of some of our agricultural staples, such as wheat, flour, and pota toes, and especially in the most free ad mission of maize, or Indian corn. Should this anticipation be realized, we may confidently rely on a large and perma nent demand for these staples at such pri ces as will afford a most satisfactory re turn to the producer. The exhaustion of the ordinary supply in Europe, from the present deficiency, cannot be wholly ob viated by another season's full crop. The magazines of grain abroad, which are providentially filled through successive years of excess of production, will have been nearly or quite exhausted before the next harvest, and the minimum of price then will not have been rcached,till several good crops have been secured. Add to this, population in Europe is rap idly multiplying under the favoring in fluences of universal peace, and it has in many sections already reached that point when agriculture, in the present state of its science and practice, is barely suffi cient to enable production to meet the demands of the citizens now extensively engaged in manufactures, commerce, and the various arts. To the inhabitants of the Wesf and Southwestern States of the Union, an ad ditional cause of renumeration, will be found in the increasing facilities and di minished rates for conveying their pro ducts to market. New and spacious ave nues arc opening in various directions; by which their produce will find a direct and economical transmission to the large eastern markets. Among these are the Wabash canal, already navigable some 200 miles, but soon to be completed from the permanetly navigable waters of that river to Lake Eric, some 300 miles; the Miami canal, connecting Cincinnati and Lake Erie, which, with the former, are direct highways for western Ohio, and nearly all of Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee, aud a part of Arkansas and Alabama; the Illinois canal, to be finished within the prsent year, and capable of using similar facilities to Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri. Railroads, too, are starting into life m different directions in the west, and open ing their iron thoroughfares for the accom odation of our western farmers, who thus have facilities for the trasmission of va rious perishable articles to distant mark ets, where they can arrive uninjured, and find a profitable sale, which the hitherto tardy means of conveyance rendered im possible. Under all the circumstances of the prospect before us, we may confidently say to our fanners, without some material and adverse policy, in the administration of our own national affairs, your pros pects are bright for the immediate future. Our monetary and industrial system is in a most healthy condition; reason and common sense have resumed their reign throughout the country; the legitimate avenue of agriculture, foreign aud domes tic commerce, manufactures, and the various arts, are all appropriately filled, and in successful prosecution. It is in the power of the agriculturists of the coun try to keep hem where they are. Tho balance of power is with you. If true to your own interests, and you right ly adhere to our present wise system, along and bright career of prosperity i before you. Your destiny is in your hands; and it is for you to watch careful ly the administration of public affairs, and sec to it that no false theoretical princi ples of government, no rampan or unhal lowed ambition whether national or indi vidual, be permittedjto thrust disorder into our present beneficent system, and snatch from you the legitimate fruits of yonr own skill and industry lay your plans atoncor for an increased production in every de partment of your farming operations, not by attempting tbe cultivation of moro acres than you can profitably attend to, but by enriching, and rendering more'pro ductivc by careful tillage, what you hava now under management. Introduce tho best systems of husbandry into your practice, the best seeds and the best im plements; carefully harvest and lay up be yond the risk of injury or waste, your surplus crops, and hold them for the best probable market; avoid running in debt, and pay such as are already contracted. With the adoption of such a system rig idly adhered to, the expiration of the en suing five years may see you the most prosperous class within the Union, if you are not decidedly so at this present moment. MELANCHOLY STEAMBOAT AC CIDENT. fifteen lives lost. The Steamboat Saladin, from Nash ville, came in contact, on the night of tho 13th Feb., when near Pilcher's Point, with the steamboat Congress, going up the river. Fifteen persons on board the Congress were killed by tho collision or subsequently drowned; but their names are not given. The New Orleans Pica yune says The cabin of the Congress separated from the hull and was towed down to Lake Providence by the Saladin. Tho hull of the Congrhss immediately sunk. We learn further that in consequence of the collisioa the connecting pipes of the engine of the Congress burst, severe ly scalding several of her passengers. The Brunette brought down some of in jured passengers of the Congress, and ianded them at Vicksbufg. lOThe New Orlans papers receiv ed last night state that 15 or 20 persons were drowned and 10 scalded. lVliat Xcxt. A Yankee at Cambridge, (Mass.,) hae invented a sewing machine. It is very compact, not occupying a space of moro than about six inches each way. It runa with so much' ease that we should sup pose one person might easily operato twenty or thirty of them, and the work is done in a most thorough and perfect manner. Both sides of a seam look a like, appearing to be beautifully stitched, and the seam is closer and more uniform than when sewed by the hand. It will sew straight or curved seams with equal facility, and so rapidly that it takes but two minutes to sew the whole leugth of the outside seam of a pair of pantaloons. It sets 400 stitches a minute with perfect ease, and the proprietor thinks there is no difficulty in setting 700 in a minute. Tho thread is less worn by this process than by hand sewing, and consequendy retains more of its strength. The World's Convention. A conventon of Lutheran Ministers was held at Frederick, on Wednesday; and the following gentlemen were appoin ted delegates to the 44 World's Conven tion,' which is to meet in London in June: Rev. Dr. Schmucker, of Gettysburg, Rev. Dr. Kurtz, of Baltimore; Rev. Dr. Morris, of do Rev. Dr. Stork, of Philadelphia; Rev. Dr. Pohlman. of Albany; Rev. T. Stork, of Philadelphia; Rev. J. M'Cron, of Chester ca.. Pa. Frederick Smith, Esq. of Chambers bnrg. Some of these gentlemen, we under stand, have already made arrangements for their passage to Europe, and expect to sail in two or three weeks. They will nsit Germany, and other parts of Eu rope, before they return. Chambersburg Whig. In a single century, for thousand mil lions of human beings appear on the uri face of the earth act their busy yrts, and sink back into its peaceful bsom. An English paper conta:s aa 3rCoun of the flogging of sailor boy in fc British merchant servire, upon whrsrf Jai cerated back vitriol was poured!