cr / Is iijtle doubt that hidhlJuah originally in tended, ,fcy thtfe private aid 9, to thuait aiid perplex government. It is thus tlic •will of the gvc.it body of freeman in Amer ica is fubjett to the control of influence of little parties and clubs. In the fame man ner, private ehibs are endeavoring to Slur ry Congrcls to declare war at once against 1 Great Britain, without taking any prt;li minarv ftt'ps, required by the laws and «f ---ages of nations; We are happy howevir to tin;) the people in the interior northern - states, with great unanimity, reprobate all clubs fin tired to influence public meafnres, and consider them as unoonftitutiunal and dangerous/ Front the General Advertiser. FROM A CORRESPONDENT. We have lately seen an attempt, in the Gazette of the United States, to (belter the appointmeut of Mr. Jay, chief justice of the United States, to the office of en » vgy to the court of Great Britain from tlie censure to which it was justly exposed, by an attack upon that of Mr. Monroe laleje.ijitffij; from Virginia, as minister to tie French Republic, which-jjaerits a fhprt v comment. ' V it is I'carcely neceflary to obferrc, that if the cases were parallel they must be ei ther both oonftitutional or otherwise ; if they were not, that neither can be juitified or crimrnateA by the other } that they flarfd respectively upon their own merits by whichalone tiiev must be tested. These portions are too clear to admit of any doubt, in the n.ind of a discerning public. Nor can there be any divcrfity of sen timent with rejpedt to the principles by which they mult be teited. That the three departments of government, the ex . ecutive, legislative aed judicial, Ihould be kept Teparate, dill:neb and independent of each other, is a political truth too well eftablilhed at the present day, to be deni ed by a'iy one. It is well known, that the national and ail the state governments are founded on this principle. Indeed in moil of them great ingenuity has been displayed in an effort to complete this separation and perfect the independence of each on the other ; and it is universally admitted that the government in which tnis efFort has been molt fnccefeful has at tained the nearelt to perfection. That Mr. Jay was of this opinion up on a former occasion, will appear by the following extract from the memorial orre monftrance of the circuit judges of the United States at New-York, to congress, and which was signed by himfelf. " That by the conflitution of the U fiited States the government thereof is divided into three diftinft and independ ent branches and that it is die duty of each toabftain from ami oppose incroach ments on either. That neither the legjjlature nor the ex ecutive branches can conltitutionally assign so the judicial any duties but such as are properly judicial and to be performed in a judicial manner." Thus we find, when it was fought, by the legifiature, to charge the judiciary | with the fetdement uE the claims of the invalid soldiers, the chief justice was a kiiTttcd for the independenee of that de partment ; but when invited to fill an ex ecutive office whicfi tended to his own ad vancement in honor and emolument, and especially one which furnifhed an opportu nity of visiting the associates of the fac tion in England, all apprehension of the kind, ast jealotify refpefting the union of the departments vani.'hed. Will it be contested, that the independ ence of the Judges may not be more fa tally undermined and destroyed by execu tive influence, provided it may be aflailed i in that line, than the imposition of new duties by the legislature ? And what influ -1 ence is more powerful in its effedt on the human heart, than the right of dispensing 011 those who are must accommodating and - obfeqtiious, additional offices of honor and profit? And is it not to be presumed, if the door to executive offices, (hould like wile be opened to the Judges, that inttead of forming a barrier or ltrong wall of pro tection in favor of the people, against ex cutivc encroachments, they would soon become the mere fycophantsof courtsand tools of power ? It will be perceived that the only ob jection to eithei appointment, confilts in the pofltffion and exercise of two offices, ' each in a separate department of the go vernment, by the fame person and at the fame time : And it is admitted that the obje&iftn applies with equal, force, whe ther they be legiffative arid executive, or judicial and executive, for in both cases, two departments of the government are blended together, ar*i the independence arid check contemplated by the conftituti or. destroyed. Had Mr. Jay religned the office of Judge, when he accepted that of Envoy Extraordinary, there would have been no objetSiorv in that refpeft, to his appointment; for it never was contended that a periou holding an office in any branch of the government, might not be appointed from that to one in any other department. By holding both offices, therefore, Mn jay has justly exposed himfelf to the censure which has been bes towed upon a conduct so improper. But so soon as the latter appointment was confer red on Mr. Monroe, it is well known that he immediately religned the other, and withdrew from the Senate ; the objecti ons then which have been urged with such peculiar force againftthe former, are whol ly inapplicable to the latter. If the appointment of Mr. Jay was con stitutional being understood at the time, and verified by the event, that he intended to hold both offices J it will be dif ficult to (hew any impropriety in Mr. Monroe's eonduft in oppofrng it. He was at the time a Senator, and charged by his oath, to preserve the conltitution inviolate. If he deemed this a violation, it was his duty to oppose it, and he would have been unworthy the trust repo sed in him by his country, if he had shrunk from it. Whether it was proper for Mr. Mon roe to accept the appointment which was conferred on him by the President and Senate, the public will determine. If it suited his convenience to serve his coun try in that line, was desired by many at home, and there was reason to believe it would be acceptable to the French repub lic, why Ihould he not accept it ? Can any good reason be affigncd, why he should flight the favorable disposition of his coun try, thus honorably expressed, and at a very interesting crilis of public affairs ?— Can it be urged that he solicited the ap pointment or courted it, by any unmanly or degrading accommodation, in his pub lic conduit ? Will a firm and decided op polition to such nominations as he thought unconstitutional and otherwise improper, be deemed such, for these are the only! objedtions which have been alledged a gainst him \ It is generally understood, that the trust was offered to Mr. Monroe, by the Pi efident, and that the firft and only a gency he had in the business was, in de tei mining that he would not decline it; a circumstance which reflects honor on the person who conferred, as well as on him who accepted the appointment. Every candid reader will now decide how far the two cases which have been brought into view are parallel. In one cafe Mr. Jay, Chief Juttice of the United States, being appointed to an executive office, has accepted the fame without re lifiquifhing his judicial office, in violation of the principles of the constitution which he has taken an oath to support, in neglcft ot his duties as a judge which he has sworn faithfully to discharge, and in fubverlion of that independence on the executive department which, on another occasion, he himfelf had so ftrenuouflv a Her ted. In the other cafe, Mr. Monroe, a Se nator of the United States having accept ed an executive appointment, immediately rehnquiihed his feat in the Senate, from a refpeft to the principles of the constitu tion which he had taken an oath to sup port ; in conformity to the doctrines he had before maintained with refpeft to the incompatibility of offices in different de partments, and without an attempt, or wish, to retain a place, the duties of which he w as rendered unable to discharge by his undertaking those of another. CONGRESS. House of Reprcfentatives. ~A r n< 7 for granting the sum of two thousand dollars, to the widow of Robert Fortyth, late Marshal of the diftria of Geor gia, was brought in the j 4 th ult. and yester day was pafi-ed, and sent up to the Senate. .. received some days before from the President of the United States, commu nicating the request of the Minister of France tor an advance of money, on account of the debt due to France, was taken into consider ation and referred to a committee of the whole.—A bill has since been passed purfu- Mt J° request, ancl sent to the Senate. Mr. M'Dowell laid on the table a motion t. directing the Secretary of the Treafurv tc report at tlte next fefficn a state of the ba lances due to the United State?, from indivi duals, prior and subsequent to the phrfent government; tt'ith Jtn account Of the mea sures taken to recover the fame, &c. this mo tion was taken up on Monday, and after some discussion was negatived, 39 to 38. A bill received from the Senate entitled an acl in addition to the ail for the puni(hment of certain crimes against the United States, was also taken into consideration on Mon day ; the firft feflion of the bill is in the following word : " If any person (hall, with in the territory or jurifdiclion of the United States, accept or take a jcommiffion to Jerve a foreign prince or state, in was, by land or sea, the person so offending (hall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanour, and (hall be fined not less than dollars nor snore than dollars; and (hall be imprisoned not exceeding nor less than This section on motion of Mr. Nicholas, was after some debate, struck out in com mittee of the whole, 39 to 38 —but was restored by the House after an amendment' which provides that nofuch cornrhiffon (hall be cxercized Mr. Nicholas thfen moved to strike out a part of the second fe&ion, which punishes a man for cJniifting in foreign service, or for going out of the limits of the United States, to enlist in foreign service ; and he proposed an amendment instead of it. This amendment was negatived—as was a motion to expunge the foiirth™fedlion. It was next moved to ftrik'e out the seventh feiflion which stood as follows: " And be it further enacfted, that it (hall not be lawful to fell, within the United States, any vessel or goods captured from a prince or state, or from the fubjecls or citizens of a prince or state, with whom the United States are at peace, which vessel or goods (hall have bten captured by any other foreign prince or state, or by the fubjetfls or citizens of such prince Or state ; unless such vessel and goods shall have been firft carried into a port or place within the territory of the prince Or state to which the captors belong, but such vessel and goods (hall be carried (tat ps, the United States,by those whofhall brortght them in. And the sale of any veflel or goods prohibited as aforefaid, (hall be utterly void." Some debate took place on this motion, the clause was at length expunged, 46 to 37 —the bill was passed as amended. The following remarks on the last mo tion were offered by Mr. Goodhut. Mr. Goodhue observed, that the fubjea lay within a very narrow compass. If by our treaty with France they had a right to fell their prizes in our ports, there was no thing more to be said. If they had no such right by trealy, then it was to be considered how far giving them this right would be a violation of our present neutrality. As to the treaty, Mr. Jefferfon our late Secretary of State, in his correspondence communicated to us the present session, had explicitly said that no such claitn could be made by France, by virtue of our treaty with them, to such a measure; and indeed if we look into the treaty which France made with Great Bri tain in 1786,lfev»ral years after th.e one they had formed with us, we (hall have all doubts removed on the true conftruflioi} which ought to be had upon the article mutually existing between us, by virtue of which such a right is pretended ; for in the treaty they made with Great Britain, they expressly fli pulated that in cafe either party (hould be at war with any other nation, no prizes ox' the one being so at war (hall be fold in (he ports of the other; consequently had it happened we had been at war with Great Britain and France had remained in peace, we could not by the article in our treaty with them, have had such an indulgence. Indeed, the gen tleman from Virginia, Mr. Madison, seems to give up the right, and takes it up on the ground of expediency, and not having 3 tendency to violate our neutrality. Mr. Jef ferfon has also in his correspondence laid down this principle, that if a neutral nation granted a favor to one belligerent power which (he withheld from the other, it was so far a violation of neutrality—this princi ple was incontrovertible. Mr. Madison had said we had not heard that the Briti(h government had complained on this score to our minister at London, but tho' that was true, it was nevertheless true that their minister here had made complaint of it to us, and Mr. Goodhue was of opinion that in fettling our accounts with Great Bri tain for the spoliations they have committed on our commerce, they would as a charge against us the prizes made of their vessels, which we had permitted the sale of in our ports, he therefore hoped the clause would not be struck out agreeably to the motion for that purpose. Mr. Goodhue fur ther observed, that it had given him much pain to have seen so many amendments pro posed in the progress of this bill, to deprive the executive and judicial powers of this go vernment from being vested with that autho rity, so essentially necessary to reilrain the licentious from committing such af the U nited States, the bill, entitled, " An ast j prohibiting for a limited time the expor- I tation of arms and ammunition, and en couraging the importation of the fame." I On motion, j Ordered, That Mr. Ellfworth, Mr. | Livermore and Mr. Monroe, be a commit tee to report a bill to authorize a fettle- I ment of the accounts of Loan-Officers I for Clerk hire and ftatiqnary. I On motion, I Ordered, That the fame committee be I inftrufted to -bring in a bill to provide for j mitigating or remitting fines, penalties j and _ forfeitures incurred urn'er revenue j laws in cases not now provided for. I That the fame committee be inftrufted I to bring in a bill, further to extend the j time for receiving on loan, the domestic J debt of the United States ; and I That the fame committee be alio in- 1 I flrufted to bring in a bill, to continue in I force " The ast for the relief of per- I sons impriforied for debt." J On motion, I Ordered, That the committee 011 the J petition of George Taylor and others, be I enjoined to report. j On motion, I Ordered, That the committee on the I mefiage of the President of the United j States of the 19th of February iaft, res- I pefting the Judiciary be enjoined to re- I port. I The bill, sent from the House of Re- I pi'efentatives for concurrence, entitled, I "An ast to compensate Arthur St. Clair," I was read the second time. Ordered, Thrt this bill be referred to Mr. Brown, Mr. Glinn and Mr. Vining to consider and report thereon to the Se- j I nate. The bill, sent from the House of Re- I prefentatives for concurrence, entitled, j I " An ast to authorize the settlement of I the account of Lewis Dubois for his fcr vicesin the late army of the United States," I was read the second time. Ordered, That this bill be referred to the committee last appointed to consider and report thereon to the Senate. j The Senate prooecded to consider the amendments reported by the committee, to the bill, entitled, " An ast laying ad ditional duties on goods, wares and mer- I chandize imported into the United States, \ and on the tonnage of (hips or vefiels," ; which were adopted, and the bill amend i cd accordingly. f Ordered, That this bill pass to the i' I third reading. I I y A mefiage from the President of the ? United by Mr. Dandrige his Secretary : p " Mr. Piefident—The President of the United States hath this day approved and A| I signed, " An ast prohibiting for a limit -1 ed time the exportation of arms and am- I munition, and encouraging the importa- I tiornof the fame." x j, I Ordered, That the Secretary acquaint I the House of Representatives therewith. I The Vice-Preudent laid before the Se- . * I