VOL. LVI.
HARTER,
AUCTIONEER,
MILLHEIM, PA.
T~' C. SPRINGER.
Fashionable Barber,
Next Door to JOCRXAL Store,
MILLHKIH, PA.
J^ROC EERHOFF HOUSE,
AIXXGHXXT STREET,
UKLLEFONTE, - - - PA
C G. McMILLEN*
PROPRIETOR.
Good Sample Room on First Floor.
•#-Free Buss to and from all Trains. Special
mlet to witaeasea and Juror*. 4-1
IRVIN HOUSE,
(Moat Central Hotel in lie Cttyj
Corner MAIN and JAY Streets,
Lock Haves, Fa.
6. WOO OS CALWKLL, Proprietor.
G"od Sample Rooms for Commercial
Travelers on first floor.
D. U. MINGLE,
Physician and Surgeon,
MAIN Street, MIILHEIM, Pa.
JOHN F. HARTER,
PRACTICAL DENTIST,
Office iu 'id story ot Teoilinsott'i Gro
cery Store,
Ou MAIN Street, MILI.HXIM, Pa.
Br kinti k,
• FASHIONABLE BOOT A SHOE MaKER
Bh'>j> next d>>or to Foote'a Store, Main St.,
fk>ots, shoes and Oattera made to order, and sat
|<ifiK-tun workguaranteed. lit-jmirinydoueprompt
ly and cheaply, aud in a neat style.
C. T. Alexander. C. M. Bower.
Jt BOWER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
BEI.LEFONTE, PA.
Office in Garm&n's new building.
JOHN B. LINN,
ATTORNEY AT LA W.
BELLEFONTE, PA.
omce on Allegheny Street.
QLEMENT DALE,
ATTORNEY AT LAWi
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Northwest corner of Diamond.
HOY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Orphana Court bus! new a Specfalty.
C. HEINLE,
ATTORNEY AT LA W.
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Practices In all the courts of Centre County.
Spec al attention to Collections. Consultation*
In German or English.
J. A. Beaver. J W. Gephart.
JgEAVER A GEPHART,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Office on Alleghany Street, North of High.
Y° cum & HARSH BERGER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
BELLEFONTE, PA.
s. K&jILTIR,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Consultations In English or German. Offioe
in Lyon's Building, Allegheny Street.
D. B. HAfITDfdS W. T. EIIDoT
ASTIN GS & REEDER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
*0 BELLEFONTE, PA.
Office on Allegheny street, two doors east of the
office occupied by the late firm of * gasu
1114a
Milk when heated in closed vessels to a
temperature of 75 degrees Centigrade re
mains sweet for ninety-six hours. If the
vessel is opened sourness occurs after forty
eight hours. If the milk is heated in the
air it remains sweet only twenty-four hours.
A temperature of between 50 and 60 deg.
does not alter the taste of milk, and if it
be curdled at this temperature the curd is
flocculent.
iie mmrnrn §!twii
A CHILD'S WISDOM.
Between the half-ilrswn curtains faintly Rleameil
The early laa u'a (lrst pale and gllumieruiK ray ,
But through my heart rang ever, as 1 dreamed
The poet's plaiut: "Give me but Yesterday t"
Through swiftly-opening doors, with flying feet,
My litUe daughter with her curls of gold
fame eagerly the morulng sua to greet;
The little maid whom yesterday we told
To-morrow. If the skies were not unkind.
Out luto country meadows she should go,
With boating heart and shinlug eyes to tlnd
The sweet, shy haunts of wild flowers, hiding low.
Flushed In the morning Ight, she danced and sang.
White 1 forgot the poet s murmuring lay,
As through the room her sweeter w Isdoiu rang;
u Mamma ! mamma! To-morrow is To-day !"
THK WAG Ml.
Decidedly you arc mud, my dear de
Martian," said the Cuuut de Tcvilly to
a young officer of light cavalry who,
holding a glass of wine in his hand,
seemed to challenge a dozen of young
companions, whom a table splendidly
served excited at once to appetite and
gaiety.
"Mail as much as you please," ans
wered de Marsau, "but I still renew my
proposal. I defy you to take from me
this snuff-box, eitli-r by force or strata
gem.
"Do you t ike it ?"
"How many days do you allow me to
prove to you your folly !"
"Six."
"Done, then !" cried deTevilly, "and
the stake ?*'
"A supper as luxurious as this, in
eight days at my house."
"Agreed !" cried all the company.
Tliree days fforwards, de Marsau
met de Tevilly iu the Palace Royal.
"Well ! you feel no ill effects from
our joyous night !"
"My dear fellow, you arrange thiugs
to a marvel!'*
"You think so ? '
"Word of honor 1"
"In that case give me a pinch of your
admirable snuff."
"With pleasure,"
De Marsau did not observe the slight
smile that passed over his friend's coun
tenance.
They alluded iu no way to the foolish
wager made by the blaze of lights and
over the fumes of wine, which had sug
gested it ; perhaps it was forgotten ;
however, the two young men separated.
That night, toward eleven o'clock,
not far from his house, de Marsau was
accosted by two servants, who lagged
him respectfully to be good enough to
stop a moment.
At the same time, a mau, euveloped
in a long dressing gown, brown with red
stars, and preceded by two torch-bear
ers, appeared in the middle of the street,
an enormous beard flowed nearly to the
waist of the singular personage, who,
approaching de Marsau, bowed, aud iu
a strongly pronounced nasal tone, said—
"How do you do, sir ?"
"That is a very extraordiuary ques
tion," said de Marsau, after a moment's
silence, caused by his astonishment
"It is not the less a question," obser
ved the man with the long beard.
"But sir, this hour, that dress, these
servants "
"This hour pleases me, this dress
suits my position, and these servants
are mine.
"For the second time, sir, liow do
you do."
"What is that to you ?"
"A great deal."
"But then "
"My dear sir, listen : my question is
commonplace, I allow it, but here is
what 1 would come to.
"You have a watch, ah ! how happy
yon are !
"I have not, and I take medicine to
night at two o'clock, - not a minute
more, not a minute less ; you can under
stand that for the exactitude of the
tliiug I must have your watch "
"Ah ! ah !" cried de Marsan, who be
gan to believe he had encountered a mad
man, and hoped to get away by frighte
ning him.
"It is then an ambush !
"Just wait
He was about to draw his sword.
The man with the beard made a sign.
In an instant lour pistols were pointed
at the young man, who, seeing this un
answerable argument, trembling with
rage, drew out his watch.
'There, sir." said he abruptly.
"A thousand thanks, dear sir," said
the unknown ; "1 feel much indepted
to you for your generous haste," added
he, laughing,
"Now let me go."
"Willingly : but I have again a re
quest to make*"
"Be quick about it then."
"That sword——"
"My sword ?"
"Yes."
"You jest, sir !"
"I give you my word of honor, sir,
that I never ]est." •
"What do you mean, rascal?"
"This : to-morrow I have a duel. I re
quire a sword, and have taken a fancy
to yours ; therefore, be so polite as not
to refuse me if not " he pointed to
his armed domest.cs.
De Marsan flung his sword at the feet
of this mysterious personage.
"And now ?''
"Now, my dear sir, you are perfectly
free."
"It is very fortunate.'
"Your way is direct; first to the right,
second to the left, then third door to
j the right "
MILLIIEIM. PA., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 7,1882.
"Impertinent!"
, "Too well broil to contradict you.
"Accept, my dear sir, the assurance
of my profound esteem, and my most
sincere gratitude."
Do Marsau had scarcely gone ton
paces, before a voice called him—
-Sir 1"
"Again ?"
"Yes,"
"What do you wan ?"
"Will you be good enough to give
me a pinch of snuff?"
"The plague stifle you 1
"Hero, take it J"
"Oh 1 the beautiful snuff-box !
"How splendidly it glitters m the
moonlight !
"It belongs to you, sir?"
' 'Why do you ask ?"
"That you may do me the honor to
reply, sir."
"Well! yes—it belongs to mo.
"What then ?"
"What then ?
"Why, I think that it will be much
better in my hands thau in yours."
"Why so?"
"Because I shall not let it be stolen.
"Ah ! you will *'
"As you say."
"And if 1 cry ! mur "
"You shall be shot that moment."
"And if I give you this snuff-box?'
continued de Marsau.
"I will acoept it."
"Think that it is a gift from the
Duchess of Berry, aud that to-morrow
I w ill have all the police on your track."
"I authorize you, sir."
"There, tlieu I"
"Heaven be with you !
"I am happy to tiuve made your ac
quaintance in such an agreeable man
ner."
Freed at lengtti from his tormentor,
de Marsau made semblance to return
home, but, instead, concealed himself
in the angle of the street ; from thence
he saw his thief stop before a porte
cothere of sumptuous appearance, en
ter mysteriously into the house—then,
nothing more, silence complete.
An instant after, de Marsau thunders
at this door in a manner to wuke the
dead.
'They open it; a servant shows his
face only half awake. ■
•'What do you want ?"
"Your master?"'
"Is in bed."
"Tell him I must see him."
"imi>osßible."
"I must, his life is menaced," said de
Marsau, in a whisper.
"Oh ! in that case follow me."
They mount, de Marsau enters a hand
some apartment, aud sees a niau already
of a certain age, preparing to enter his
bed.
"Hush !" said de Marsan.
"Hush, sir ! dress yourself, and give
me arms." •
"What does that signify ?"
"It siguities that there are assassins
hidden in the house ; the wretches have
just roblied me of everything."
"Oh, Heaven !" cried the old man ;
"and when ?"
"This instant, even ; the thief and as
sassin, for I suppose that his intention
is to murder you to-night, hail on a dres
sing-gown, brown with red stars."
"A dressing-gown," stammered the
old man, horror-struck.
"Yes, sir."
"Brown ?"
"Yes, sir, with red stars.'
"Merciful heaven 1" groaned the old
man, striking his forehead in despair.
"My son. a robber !
"Oh, my friend ! come up with me,
and confound this miserable Etienne !"
"Etienne !" thought de Marsan.
"Oh ! the infamous .
"This is then where his passion for
play has led him.
"Come."
They reach his room : they enter.
De Marsan nearly falls oyer a long
black beard lying on the carpet, while
from behind an alcove they heard loud
peals of laughter.
"Do you dare." cried the old man, in
a voice of thunder.
"Ah ! my father, let me laugh," said
a voice from the aicove ; at the same
time the owner of the voice made him
self visible, a young man advanced.
"It was de Tevillo.
"Here, take back your snuff-box,"
said he to de Marsan, who stood stupe
fied, and a little ashamed.
The supper gained by the Count do
Tevillo took place ; and the adventure
was long talked of in the gay circles of
Paris.
The riou f'renldeat.
"I think it's a mistake to have any
lights in 5 the cars while they are going
through the tunnel," remarked the super
mtendant of a Mew Jersey railroad to the
good old President.
"Why, my dear sir," said the pious old
man, "I can't understand what the ob
jection to them is—in fact, I think they
are absolutely necessary. Will you tell
me why you think the road would be
benefitted by u>t lighting the lamps when
the train passes through the tunnel ?''
'•Well, sir," replied the observing Su
perintendent, "you know tl at our road
carries a great many young folks ?"
"Yes, yes, 1 know that."
"Weil, you never have &een them hug
and kiss each other in the daylight ou the
ears, have you?"
"No, I can't say that I have."
"Then, don't you see, it we don't light
up they would be more apt to patronize
our road, and the profits would be more
than commensurate to the growls of the
uou-ki3Bing traveler!"
"fl'rn, yes. Very true. In future, if
any conductor allows a lamp to be lighted
in his train while going through tunnels
let him be discharged at once, *' said the
pious president.
11 ow to Ma*tnM*.
A reoeut writer on the mysteries of
mesmerism, says: I lay it down as a fact
which can he verified by all who are
curious enough to try it, that the mes
meric conditions oau be produced with
out the supposition of a subtle fluid,
without the use of the cabalistic passes
of the mesmerist, without the bouquet,
the magnetic rial, or any of the myste
rious means employed by the profession
als to heighten the effect of what would
be too simple and ten) unattractive if
performed straightforwardly. The direc
tions are these: Place the JHTSOU to be
ojierated ou, naturally iu a chair. With
your left hand suspended by a string,
about a foot from the eyes, some smalt
object, a dark marble or a bright steel
ball or a diamond—it matters not what,
though Bowothiug bright is, perhaps,
preferable. Direct the subject to fasten
his eyes and encounter his attention on
the object Slowly raise|pour left hand
until tne object is as far above the eyes
of the patient as is compatible with his
gazing steadily at it Watch his eyes.
At tirst you will see the pupils contract,
but after a few seconds they will expand
rapidly. When they are -at the point of
greatest expansion, move the first two
fingers of yhur right hand from the ob
ject directly toward the eyes, the fingers
being separated forklike, to embrace both
eyes. As the fingers approach, the eyes
will close, and the subject will be una
ble to open them. After a quarter of a
minute the subject will be thoroughly
under control, so that the operator may
make him believe whatever he tells him.
Lett quiet, the subject will sink into a
profound torpor, during whioh his ears
uose, and even a finger out oil* without
pair. To arouse liim—-and this is au
important step—wind, either from a
hand bellows or a fan, Should be di
rected against his eyee, in- else his eyes
should be tickled with aafeather. The
rationale of the method is simple. The
fixed stare of the subjeot fatigues his
retinal nerves, aud when the operator's
fingers upproaoli, the eyelids close, as
eyelids always do when the eyes are
threatened. But the fatigue of the
nerves bus produced muscular fatigue
as well, transient paralysis of the eye
lids has resulted, and they can not be
opened. The eyelids being then closed,
the delicate frontal nerves exhausted,
and the irnud made vacant by monoto
nous attention to one slbject, the pa
tieut is in a condition td fall asleep—
and he does fall asleep. He is now
ready to dream. The only thing re
maiuiug to do is to make him dream.
But how is this to be effected?
Dreaming, as has long been determined,
is the result of extenal suggestion. Dr.
Gregory, to illustrate, |iaviug been
tUinkiug of Vesuvius, weAt to bed witu
a jug of not water at his femand dreamed
that he was climbing thi^sides of the
burning mountain. Dr. Reid read a
book on the Indians, put a blister to his
head on retiring, and tiiought in his
sleep that he was being sculped. Both
the dreams, as all others are, were
caused by suggestions offered exter
nally. Tiiese suggestions, being re
ceived while the directing power, the
common sense of the mind was in abey
ance, owing to sleep, were interpreted
very errouioualy, yet according to plain
laws of association. The hot water in
the one case called up the previous
subject of thought, Vesuvius; tne sting
ing blister iu the other, the equally
stinging scalping-knife. It is now easy
to see how the sleeping subject may be
made to accept as truth whatever he is
told.
Joba
The career ot JoUn Goideuberg, who
lately died at Wiesbaden worth many
millions of dollars, was a strauye one.
He never spoke of his origiu, but he
Wiis probably born in Galicia. Cireuin
stanees led him while still a youug mau
to the Levant, and finding no foothold
there he turned his steps toward the
East, and eventually found himself iu
Burniah. He had no sooner crossed
the border than he was stopped by a
party of natives, who proceeded to ran
sack the pack which he carried over his
shoulder. Among other articles they
found a box of pomade, which, to his
amazement, they began to eat with
great apparent relish. This incident
led liim to reflect that among such a
barbarous people a clever European
might make his fortune. He began his
operations by trading in teak wood, and
having at length secured the favor of
the kiug by making the first coined money
ever seen in Burniah, he obtained a mo
nopoly of the teak forests, and advanced
rapidly to great prosperity. In 1#76 he
returned to Europe by the way of Pesth,
where he married a youug girl, from
whom he was soon afterward separated.
Last spring ne made the acquaintance
of Ina Moller, an Austrian pianist
(whose more famous sister is the act
ress Frauleiu Leuau), and last August
he married her iu London. He died
suddenly in Wiesbaden on Sept. 27,
while they were making a wedding
tour of Germany. His wife is tlie sole
liuir of his vast property.
The Quoen of Oreeve.
Queen Oiga looks very Polish, althojgh
she resembles her aunt, the men of Han
over. The Grand Duke (Jonstantme was
Vice-Emperor of Poland wncn
she was a child, whicu accounts for so
much in her air and manner that re
iniuda one of the Warsaw ladie . The
lace is very regularly proportioned, and
yet not iu the least classical. Her hair
is still very flue, and curls naturally.
It Is drawn back from the forehead wuh
a comb such as we see in the pictures
of "Alice in Wonderland." The face is
round In its front couiour. It is lighted
up by a pair of dark beaming eyes,
whicb have a soft kindly expresdou.
The Q teen is simple and natural. She
looks at once gentle aud a woman ol
spirit. In giving informal audiences, she
plays a good deal with her pa dog.
Like the Kiug, she is more aud more
struck each time she revisits France,
with the vitality ol the French peopie,
their happy activity (for, busy they
are, Tney have time to look around
them, and seem to enjoy beeping their
eyes open), and their extraordinary
prosperity.
The New (told Certificate*.
Assistant United Htates Treasurer
Thomas C. Actou sat iu his private
room in the Bub-Treasury Building,
New York, making money at the rate of
$30,000 a minute. That is, he was sign
ing new gold certificates of the denomi
nation of SIO,OOO at the rate of at least
three every minute. These new gold
certificates are sent to Mr. Actou from
Washington bearing the engraved fac
simile signature of United Btutes Treas
urer Gilfillau and B. K. Bruce, Register
of the Treasury. The autograph signa
ture of Mr. Aeton completes them and
makes them negotiable. The certifi
cates are printed on the yery finest
quality of bank-note paper and are about
the size of an ordinary United Htates
Treasury note. On tho face of each
certificate is the following language:—
"Ten thousand (or whatever the denomi
nation may be) dollars of gold coin have
been deposited in the Treasury of the
United Htates. That sum is repayable
in gold coin on demand ou the presenta
tion hereof at the ollice of the United
Htates Assistant Treasurer at New York
city." The certificates are issued in
denom nations of S2O, SSO, SIOO, SSOO,
SI,OOO, $5,000, and SIO,OOO. The backs
of the notes are printed in a dull vermil
ion color and have a heavy border of
fine scroll and tlower work, which sur
rounds the large figures iudicatiug the
denomination of the note, and a picture
of an American flag partially unfurled.
Each certificate has upon its face a finely
executed stcll-engraved portrait. The
S2O notes have a picture of General Gar
field ; the SSO notes, a picture of Hilas
Wright; the sloos, Thomas Benton ;
the ssoos, Abratiam Lincoln ; the sl, -
000s, Alexauder Huniilton ; the SS,OUOs,
James Madii on ; and the slo,ooos,
Andrew Jackson. Up to 4 o'clock yes
terday afternoon Mr. Acton had signed
15,000 certificates, representing $44,-
050,000, and since the certificates were
issued about $0,000,000 have been paid
out, mostly for Clearing House business.
The ollioers at the Hub-Treasury say
that they cannot possibly exchange
more than a million of dollars per day,
as they are obliged to test, by weight,
every bag of gold that is presented. More
than SOOO,OOO in gold was exchanged
lor gold certificates yesterduy. Thus tar
the demand has been chiefiy for notes
of large denominations. Mr. Actou
signed $10,000,000 of SIO,OOO certifi
cates yesterday. There lias been no
call whatever lor the S2O certificates.
The testing of the gold coin which is
offered daily ut the Hub-Treasury shows
that there is a constant loss in weight.
One lot ot gold coin of the value of
$500,000 was weighed a day or two ago
and found to be S3OO short in weight,
which amount had to be made good be
fore the desired gold certificates would
be issued. Mr. Floyd, oi tfie Hub-Treas
ury, stated to a reporter that the gold
certificates were already regarded as a
very great convenience. "They are not
only a good thing tor us," he said "but
tUey are uu immense convenience to tne
business community." Instead ol cart
ing around several pounds of coin rep
resenting SIOJ,OJO, a man may now
simply put ten of these little $1U,003
notes in his vest pocket and walk about
with them without the slightest per
sonal nconvenieuce." These certifi
cates, itiis said, w ill very much facilitate
the Clearing House business.
I'epyeinmn Drops.
Take a convenient quantity of dry
granulated sugar ; place it in; a pan
liaviug u lip from w Inch the contents
may be poured or dropped ; add a very
little water, just enough to make the
sugar a stiff paste, two ounces of water
to a pound of sugar being about the
right p-.oportion ; set it oyer the tire and
allow it to nearly boil, keeping it con
tinually stirred; it must not actually
come to a full boil, but must be removed
from the tire just as the bubbles deno
ting the boiling point is reached begin
to rise. Allow tlie sirup to cool a little,
stirriug all the time ; add strong essenoe
of peppermint to suit the taste, and
drop on tins, or sheets of smooth white
paper. The dropping is performed by
tilting the vessel slightly, so that the
contents will slowly run out, and with a
small piece of still wire the drops may
be stroked off on to the tins or paper.
They should then be kept in a warm
place for a lew hours to dry. If desired,
a little red coloring may be added just
previous to dropping, or a portion may
be dropped in a plain white form, an
the remainder colored. There is no
reason why peppermint should alone be
used with this form of candy, but con
fectioners usually confine themselves to
this flavor. Any flavor may be added,
and a great variety of palatable sweets
made in the same manner. If de.-ired,
these drops may be acidulated by the
use of a little tartaric acid and flavored
with lemon, pineapple, or banana. In
the season of fruits, delicious drops
may be made by substituting the jiuce
of iresli fruits, as strawberry, rasberry,
etc., for the water, and otherwise pro
oecding as directed.
A lest.iuienlary Curioaity.
Iu 1877 a. man who died in Berlin,
leaving behind him a fortune ol 31,000
marks, surprised ail who knew him by
devising that 32,000 murks should go to
the authorities of his native place, and
that the remainder should be divided
between nine relatives and a friend with
whom he had quarreled, the share of
any one of the legatees becoming for
ierted if he followed the testator to the
grave. His relatives religiously obeyed
the dead man's decree, but the estranged
friend, remembering old times, could
not refrain from going quietly
to the chuich yard and paying his last
respects to the deceased. By and by
a codicil came to light directing that if
any one of the teu legatees under the
will should disobey the injunctions re
garding the last ceremony he was to
receive the bulk of the money left to
the testator's town, and, thanks to the
shrewd device, the man who thought
more of his old friendship than his old
friend's money found himself comforta
bly provided for for the rest of his life.
Passionate persons are like men who
stand upon their heads; they see all
things the wrong way.
* I.lfe on a Misalmtipp! Flatboat.
'I lie malarial distilcts in the Bortnem
part of the city during the summer months
nave a large population that rarely figures
in the city directory. 'l'he persona refer
red to are the flat-boatmen, who dot the
river bank during several months of the
yeur. All of them live in the boats, most
of them have a large family of small
children, and every boat has a contingent
force of dogs distributed in the ratio of
about three curs to every man, woman and
child on the craft. The men are mostly
sallow and sickly, and tbe women and
children scrawney and rawboned. A re
porter made a visit to the neighborhood.
Just at the foot of the waterworks a num
ber of flats were found tied up. Approach
to the boats was cut off for some time by
a yelping and mangy pack of hungry curs.
A tall man made his appearance and in a
suspicious manner inquired what was wan
ted. He said he was willing to tell what
he knew about flatboating and seated him
self on a log. Six or seven of his children
of assorted sizes disposed themselves
around to listen. The man was possibly
forty -ii ve years of ago and clad in gar
ments which were equally remarkable for
patches and varieties of color, lie stated
that he enjoyed his semi-maritime lite and
thought it as pleasant as aay other work
he could get.
"Hew frequently do you make your
trips to New Orleans?"
"Oh, not more than once iu three years.
They do not pay, you see, and we rarely
make them. 4 '
"What does it generally eoet for a trip
of that kind?"
"Weil, hfty-flve cents to $1 per day.
'What is your plan on such ruus?"
"We generally piepare for the trip a
month or six weeks ahead, and cut ]<x>9e
from here or wheiever we may be three or
four weeks before tbe snow and stormy
weather sets in."
"What is your first landing-place after
you leave this port?''
"We stop at Cairo to take observations
and lay in extra supplies. I tell you Cairo
is the greatest of all places in this country
for tiatboats. On tbe trip we work more
with the fishing tackle than anythiug else,
and sell our catch to the towns along, aud
sometimes trade in knick knacks."
"How long does it take you to make
one of your southern tripsf"
"bomctimes four months and sometimes
only three."
"If the trip is successful what does it
pay you?"
"On my last cruise south 1 made, clear
of expenses, s2uo; but then I was goue
five months, The average is fIOO for a
trip in tbe tisbiug business."
' Are there many tl it boats moving south
in the fall of the yeai?"
"I have known 200 or more going south
at the s.ime time, borne of the men are
single but many of them baye families,
like myself. When we reach the end of
our trip we generally sell our boats and
come back on the deck of some steamer."
"What work do you do when you are
stopping here?"
"When we get back our first work is to
build another fiat. In high floods we are
out in skiffs on the watchout for logs that
have got away from above, if tue owners
come we are always paid and return tbe
logs. We also catch driftwood, cut it iulo
cord- wood leug h and dispose of it to
glass factories, mills, etc.. at from $2.50
to $3 per cord. When there is no wood
floating we go iu skiffs fifteen or twenty
miles up the river to some of the dritt
heaps, make wood rafts and tow them
down to St. Louis, and sometimes we pull
lumber out of the river; but most always
the lumber companies have their regular
men to do the work, you know."
The man declared that be and his family,
who traveled with him, were not often
sick. He seemed to think the life he
was leading as couducive to longevity as
any other. He said that he was sure
that there were as many as 1,500 flat
boatmen in the western country, and at
least 500 made the southern trip every
year. He closed the conversation by say
ing that in places where be stopped he
paid considerable attention to tbe educa
tion of his children, and he knew be was
as prosperous and as happy as most men
wbo had to work for a living.
A Laiie Kstate in California.
The possessions of some of the great
landowners of this section are prodigious,
it is a favorite story that certain men are
üble to drive a herd of cattle from the
northern counties of ths State to San Diego,
at its extreme southern limit, aud quarter
the animals every night upon their own
territory. Haggin, Carr, and Tevis,
whose property 1 was privileged to exam
ine considerably in detail, have some four
hundred thousands acres. Much of this
was secured for a mere trifle while in the
condition of waste land, and afterwards
redeemed. A neighbor who had acquired
a great eitate of a biruilar kind, mainly
while holding the post of Surveyor Gener
al of the Uuitcd States, drew forth one of
the best bonuiots of President Lincoln.
"Let me congratulate you," said L ; ncoln
us this gentleman was retiring from office
under his adiuinlstr ition. "You have
become monarch of about all you have
surveyed."
The owners do not often live on their
owu estates, but leave them in the hands
of managers, and draw the revenues.
The Haggin, Carr and Tevis property is
divided into a number of separate ranches,
each with its resident superintendent.
The Bellevue Ranch, so called, is tbe
ceutre aud focus of authority for the
whole, Here is the residence aud office of
the general manager, and here are assem
bled a foree of bookkeepers, engineers and
mechanics, who keep the accounts, map,
plan, supervise, construct aud repair, and
give to the whole the clockwork regularity
of a great commercial enterprise. The
numerous buildings constitute a considera
ble settlement. There is a "store" of
general merchandise and supplies. A
dormitory and a dinmg-hall have been
erected for the laboring hands. A tower
liae water tank, surmounted by a wind
mill, and accommodating a milk room
below, rises at one side. Tbere are shops
for the mechanics, capacious barns and
long sheds filled with an interminable
array of agricultural implements. It is
worth while to take a walk past this
collection of reapers, thrashers, sulky
plows aud rakes, and study out their uses.
The immense "header and separator"
rises from the rest like some awe-inspiring
leviathan of the deep. A whole depart
ment is devotea to the "road scrapers, *' I
"buck-scrapers" and plows of various
softs used io the construction and dredging
out of the irrigating d.tohes. The soil is,
fortunately, free from stones, and the
work is. for the most part, quite easy.
One enormous plow is seen which is de
signed to be drawn by sixty yoke of oxen,
and to cut at once a furrow five feet wide
by four deep. Like the famous steamship
Great Eastern, it has defeated itself by
pure bulk, and is not now in use.
More than $500,000 has been expended
on the great estate in tiie item of fencing
alone. An average of four hundred
laborers is employed, and in the harvest
season seven hundred. The rate of wagon
is quoted at from $2.50 to $3 per day tor
mechanics, and $1 per day to common
bauds. This seems low as compared with
information frou.| other sources and that
which appears in the chronic complaints
of the scarcity of farm labor in the Cali
fornia papers.
No great portion of this domain appears
to be now in the market at the disposal of
settlers of small means, though the atten
tion is avowed of offering some of it in
this way when all shall have been thor
oughly reclaimed. Numerous tracts,
however, are occupied on very favorable
terms by renters, as they arc called. They
take from 120 to FICO acres. Very many
of them are Portuguese and Italian?.
They are usually unmarried, work in
companies of from six to flfteeu persons,
and wear the red Garibaldi shirt. The
renter is provided by his landlords with a
house, aj artesian well, a credit to a mod
erate amount at the general store, and the
use of some cows. He has the milk of the
cows but must give their increase to the
estate ilia lease nms three years, and he
pays as reut one-third of his crop In
stances of large profits are frequent among
these persons, and no doubt the same
opportunities are open to others who may
wi*b to follow
An OtJ Kill i.
1776 —Curious that a century ago a
breech loading rifle, which enabled those
armed with it to *eize every advantige of
cover, should have been invented, brought
into use. and then l.iet sight of. Ameri
can writers note that, during tde Revolu
tionary war. Ferguson's rifle "was used
with effect by his corps," and the biogra
pher of Washington says of i*s inventor:
"1 he British extolled him as superior to
the American Indians in the use of the
rifle—in short, a? being tbe best marksman
living." An account of its exhibition
before Lord Towoaend, then Master-
General of the Ordnance, is to toe found in
the "Annual Register" of Ist June, 1776.
"Some experiments were tried at Wool
wich b lore Lord Viscount Townsend.
Lord Amherst, GODS. Heivey and Desar
uiliers. and a number of other officers,
with a rJL'-gnn, upon a new cons'ruction,
by Capt. Ferguson, of the Seventieth
Regiment; when that gentleman, under
tbe disadvantage of a heavy rain, and a
high wind, performed the following four
things, none of which had ever before been
accomplished with any small arm; First, he
tired dunng four or Ave minutes at a tar
get, at 200 yards' distance, at the rate of
four shots each minute; second, he fired
six rhvts in one minute; third, he fired
four times per minute, advancing at the
rate of four miles in the hour; fourth, he
poured a bo'.tie of water in the pan and
barrel of the piece whep lo .ded, so as to
wet every traiuof powder, aud in Jes3 tbau
had a minute tired with her as well as
ever without extracting ths ball. He also
hit the bull't-eye a 100 yards lying with
his back on the ground: aDd notwith
standing the uuequalnesS of the wind
and wetness of the weather, he only
missed the target three tur.es during the
whole course of experiments, The Cap
tain has since taken out a patent for ike
said improvements." The invention at
tracted a good deal of attention, aud be
fore long was exhibited betore the King
at Windsor by some private men of the
Guards. But in tbe preseuce of majesty
tbe marksman were shy, aud shot wild.
"Tuey would not." said the captain,
"be so embarrassed in tbe presence of
your Majesty's enemies." Ferguson
then took a rifle himself, and uiue shots
which he fired at the distance of IDO
yards put five balls into the bull's-eye of
the target and four within as many inches
of it. Three of these shots were fired as
he lay on his back, the other six standing
erect. Being asked 'now ofteu he could
lead sml fire in a minute, he said seven
tunes; but added, pleasantly, that he
could not undertake in that time to knock
down five of his Majesty's enemies. '
The Mechanic's Capital.
TLie mechanic is someti lies U o"ced upon
as amm withrut capital. Sometimes he
looks UJM)U himsef in this light. This is
all a mistake. The man who earns SI,OOO
a year has not only capital, but in these
times of low interest, he has considerable
eapital. The manufacturer and the nfer
chant aim to increase their capital by a
judicious handling of the presenmeans.
The mechanic does, or should try, to in
crease his in the same way. Kuow ledge
to the mechanic is capital, because it
enables him to com nand more for his ser
vices. If ne possesses the skill of the
workman, he can make that skill earn inui
a certain sum per year, which sum is the
exponent of the capital, he has invested
in his business. If, to the skill of work
man, he adds the knowledge of the man
who thinks beyond present purposes, he
earns more, or, in other words,he increases
his capital. Tue young machinist, for in
stance, who learns machine drawing, is
morally certain at some time to tind use
for it where it will stand exactly to him as
the money of the capitalist stands to its
possessor;though this is hardly a fair statu
ment, because he will at once tind use lor
it. When the man who earn $1 000 a year
by virtue of his skill as a workman adds
buch knowledge to his business as to earn
$2,000, he has as surely doubled his capi
tal as the man who has twice as much
money to invest in his busiu- a as he for
merly had. It is earnestly advised tuat
every apprentice to the machine business
shall do a little calculation for himselt on
this subject, alwa>s lemembet'ing that
capital which is the result of skill an t
knowledge is seldom at a discount aud
never lost. It is just at this tiuie in the.r
lives when habits are formed, that to a
great extent determine the working capital
with which they are to go through life.
Wo often pretend to fear what we
really despise, and more desp.se
{ what we really fear.
NO 49.