A r OL. LIV.
PROFESSIONAL CARDS OF
BELLEFONTE.
O. T. Alexander. C. M . bower.
A BOWER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
BELLEFONTE, FA.
Office in German's new building.
JOHN B. LINN,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Office on Allegheny Street.
QLEMENT DALE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
BELLEFONTE. PA.
Northwest corner of Diamond.
YOCUM & 11A61TNGS,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
BELLEFONTE, PA.
High Street, opposite First National Bank.
c - HEINLE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
BELLEFONTE. PA.
Practices in all the oourts of Centre County.
Spec &1 attention to Collections. Consultations
In German or English.
F. REEDER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
BELLEFONTE, PA.
All business promptly attended to. Collection
of claims a speciality.
J. A. Beaver. J. W. Gephart.
JJEAVER ± GEPHART,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
BELLEFONTE, PA.
otnoe on Allegbany Street, North of High.
A. MORRISON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW R ,
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Office on Woodrlng's Block, Opposite Court
House.
JQ S. KELLER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
BELLKFONTK, PA.
Consultations in English or German. Office
In Lyon's Building, Allegheny Street.
JOHN G. LOVE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
BELLKFONTK, PA.
Office In the rooms formerly occupied by the
late W. P. Wilson.
BUSINESS CARDS OF MILLHEIM, &.
Q A. STURGIS,
DEALER IN
Watches, Clocks. Jewelry, 811verware, Ac. Re
pairing neatly and promptly done and war
ranted. Main Street, opposite Bank, M lihelm,
Pa.
O. DEININGER,
NOTARY PUBLIC.
SCRIBNER AND CONVEYANCER,
MILLHEIM, PA.
All business entrusted to him, such as writing
and acknowledging Deeds, Mortgages, Releas* &,
Ac., will be executed with neatness and dis
patch. Office on Main Street.
TT H. TOMLIXSON,
* DEALER IN
ALL KINDS OF
Groceries. Notions, Drugs, Tobaccos, Cigars,
Fine Confectioneries and everything in the line
of a flrst-class grocery st .re.
Country Produce t aken in exchange for goods.
Main St eet, opposite Bank, Ml lhelm. Pa.
JJAVID I. BROWN,
MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN
TINWARE, STOVEPIPES, Ac.,
SPOUTING A SPECIALTY.
Shop on Main Street, two houses east of Bank,
Millhelm, Penna.
T EISENHUTH,
* JUSTICE OF THE PEACE,
MILLHEIM, PA.
All business promptly attended to.
collection of claims a specialty.
Office opposite Elsenbutb's Drug Btore.
•m/f USSER <fe SMITH,
DEALERS IN
Hardware, Stoves, Oils, Paints, Glass, Wa
Paper.*, Coach Trimmings, and Saddlery Ware.
Ac,. Ac.
All grades of Patent Wheels.
Corner of Main and Penn Streets Mlllhelra,
Penna.
JACOB WOLF,
FASHIONABLE TAILOR,
MILLHEIM, PA.
Cutting a Specialty.
Shop next door to Journal Book store.
jyjiLLHEIM BANKING CO.,
RAIN STREET*
MILLHEIM. PA.
A. WALTER. Cashier. DAV. KRAFE, Pres.
HARTER,
AUCTIONEER,
REBKBSBUBG, PA.
Rtlsfaction Guaranteed.
lie pilHefii !®ieL
THE JOY OF LIFE.
Ore r the fields. by winding wars,
We wander on together,
Under the flashing azure skies,
In a hush of August weather.
Round about us, afar aud near,
We hear the looust humming,
And the asters starring the lonely path
Laugh out to see us conuug.
Bird songs out of the sunlit oak
Fall rippling through the shadow,
Like a *pear of flame the cardinal flower
Ruins bright along the meadow.
Into our hearts the blithe wind blows.
Its own free gladness giving,
And all ttilngs laugh in the happy earth
For the pure, sweet Joy of living.
1 heft ofa Heart.
Miss Illione Howell sits on the top step
of the black porch of the Pebble House,
gar.iug out upon the river—blue as the sky
above it, and almost as bright—which
llows gently by at the foot of the garden.
Everything looks bright and beautiful
this warm, pleasant, fragrant October day.
The gardeu walks formed of many small
glittering stones, encircle the beds of au
tumn flowers and plots of feathery grass
like broad gray ribbons thickly strewed
with precious gems, anJ the little summer
aud bathhoi ses built of some dark wood,
and incrast d with more bnllant pebbles,
gleam and gtow through the trees at Ihe
water's edge, as the homes of the diamond
gnomes must gleam and glow in the heart
of the dark brown earth. Nor does the
sheen and glitter end with them, for the
Pebble House itself is decorated around
each window and door—imbedded in 9ome
mysterious manner in the frames—with
many colored stones, each one sparkling
bravely in pygmy mimicry of the setting
sun.
But h>veliest of all things that adorn this
wonderful October day—lovelier than flash
ing river, gleroing sunshine, steeped peb
bles, flaming gladiolaa, and bee-loved feur
o-cloaks—is tne lady, young and fair, with
gold brown hair, large blue gray eyes, pale
oval face, and sweet, small mouth, leaning
back against one of the pillars of the Peb
ble House porch, the red foliage of the
Virginia creeper that enrobes it drooping
oyer her beautiful head. There is a ten
der, dreamy look in her large eyes, aud a
soft smile about her pretty curved lips, as
she sits there so motionless, gazing out up
on the river. One can see that she is
wandering in dreamland; but, alas! she is
doomed to be rudely recalled to earth
again.
"Kleptomania indeed!" says a loud girl
ish voice near tier, ami Miss Ada Warden
a little brunette with magnificent black
eyes and heavy black eyebrows, comes sud
denly out ou the porch, arm in arm with
her inseparable friend Linda Lees, whose
eyes are as blue as Ada's are black, and
whose eyebrows are the faintest shadows
of those belonging to her friend. Why do
they never call it that when the—the—"
4 'Kleptomaniac," drawls Linda, sinking
into an easy chair, and clasping her pretty
hands above her head with a generous yawn
that seems to indicate her weariness of the
subject.
n Oh, thanks!" continues Ada, in the same
loud votee, swinging her broad-brimmed
hat carelessly tojandjfro—"kleptomauiac to
be sure—happens to be a poor wretch who
steals a loaf of bread or something of that
sort?"
'•Don't look at me, Ada dear," Miss
Howell begs, in tones that would have de
lighted Shakspeare himself; 4 'l'm sure I
don't know," and she yawns too, but such
a cunning little yawn, as though a red rose
bud haa suddenly made up his mind to
unfold into the smallest of red roses.
"Well, upon my word," exclaims Ada,
indignantly, looking from one ot her
friends to the other, "you both appear to
be in remarkable spirits this afternoon.
I can't stand it. I must run away in search
of some one less boisterous. No, I won't
either, for here comes Herbert Moore, my
cousin of cousins, attended, prince of good
fellows as he is, by slaves bearing ioed
sherbets and caaes of dew and honey—that
is lemonade and macaroons. Girls ain't
you glad I've got such a duck of a cousin,
and that I coaxed him to spend his vaca
tion here instead of at Newport? And now
for bis opinion on the subject."
"What subject?" asks Herbert Moore.
And then, without wailing for an answer,
he turns to the lovely faoe inwreathed
with the vine leaves, and says, 4 'May I sit
at your feet. Miss Howell? I've been
roaming, and I'm (leu—beg pardon—aw
fully tired."
"Wouldn't you rest better in a chair?"
and she leans forward, with a bright smile
on her lips and in her eyes.
"Not at all, thank you," seating himself
a step or two below the lady.
•'Mrs. Sherwood," begins Ada, between
two bites of macaroon.
"Oh, that affair of the diamond brace
let—poorthiug?" says the young man.
"What, do you believe in the kleptoma
nia? drawls Linda from her easy chair.
"That's the way they explain it, Ada
goes on. She has been an innocent picker
up of costly trifles since her' childhood, her
father ft first, and then her husband, re
funding. But Mr. Brown, the jeweler,
with a heart as hard as his diamonds,
threatened prosecution and only consented
to compromise on condition that he should
be allowed to warn his brethren of gems
and gold. And so it all came out. Oh
dear, what a shocking thing, especially
when one remembers that the—the—'
"Kleptomaniac," Linda again lazily sug
gests.
"More thanks, Linda love—that the
kleptomaniac came near being one of one's
intimate friends. Do say something, Her
bert."
'•The most charming girl I ever met in
my life," Herbert responded, gravely,
was a pickpocket."
Miss Warden chokes with her lemonade,
Miss Lees drops her hands from their fav
orite position above her bead into her lap,
with the echo of the word 4 'pickpocket,"
and Miss Howell looks down on the young
man with a questioning look In her lovely
eyes.
"Tell us instantly, Herbert, that's a dar
ing. * gasps Ada, and Herbert obeys.
1 "Last winter coming home to my lodg
ing one night, just after parting with my
old chum, George Cuthbert; Ada—"
Miss Warden, with a toss of her curly
head and a flush on her brown cheek, com
mands, "Don't address yourself altogether
to me, sir. It isn't polite."
"Beg pardon," says Herbert, mischiev
ously, "but for some reasoa or other I al
Ml LLIIEIM, PA.. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1880.
ways think of you when I think of George.
Well, I'd seen George off to EurojH" that
aftoruoou. after we had roomed together
for four years without quarreling once. 1
wonder 11 that could be said of any
two women? He paused, but the audi
ence maintaining a dignitled silence, pro
ceeded with Ins story. "I naturally felt
very lonely after, his departure, and being
unable to read, and in no humor to make
calls; 1 determined to go to some place of
amusement. It was a cold night, and as
.lack Frost and 1 never had t>een on very
friendly terms, in order to avoid a protract
ed struggle with him, 1 selected the nearest
theatre, regardless as to what the perform
ance was to be. It chanced that they were
'playing a most dismal piece."
"What was it?" asks Ada.
"Ada ' —with great solemnity—"not for
the world would 1 give any one. not even
you, my geutlo cox, a clue by which—
Well, I was just seated, when a most love
ly girl, followed by her escort —a young
man whose resemblance to her led me to
believe him her brother—sank into the
chair next me.'*
"What did she look like?" slyly ques
tioned Linda.
"Miss Lees, I must repeat the remark I
made to my cousin a moment ago. No
word or act of miue shall lead to the —
Suffice it to say she was lovely. The cur
tain rose as soon as she had taken her seat,
and from that instaut her attention was
riveted upon the stage. I was pleased to
notice, however, she did not favor her
companion with any gushing remarks
about the handsome—"
" Who f u from Aila.
"No matter, aud that she did not
wear—"
44 What f from Limla.
"Either a buuch of violets or a Jacques
rose. But 1 was not so well pleased to
find that she seemed totally unconscious of
my proximity, all hough she did accept
a programme from my baud, in au absent
minded kind of way, without even a
glance in my directiou, while the young I
lady on the other side (>ecped coquettishly
at mo."
4 *You conceited fellow?" exclaimed his
cousin.
4 \Bhe did, upon my honor, from behind
her fau, every few minutes, aud at last,
gaiuiug coutidencC, from the angelic ex
pression of my countenance, no doubt, ac
tually offered me a chocolate caramel."
44 Why Mr. Moore!"
"She did, Miss Less, aud 1 took it and
ate it. rihe was about six, 1 should think.
However, to go ou with my story, in the
third act, where —
"Rose Michel,"
44 The Two Orphans."
"Neither. Where there is some very pa
thetic business, my charming neighlior be
gan to weep, and reach ; ug her grey-kidded
hand down by her side, took from the
pocket of my coat my handkerchief —the
last of thai dozen of silk oucs you brought
me from Paris, Ada."
"Not really?" Aud what did you do?"
"Nothing. Y'ea, 1 did, I laughed si
lently and loDg, till the liirt of the lan aud
the chocolate caramel said to me, reproach
fully. 'Why do yu laugh? It isu't funny.
Aud I watched her at the end ot the play
walking away in the most dignified man
ner, after carefully putting my handker
chief in her polocoat, or whatever you call
it, pocket.
"•Twos all a mistake you may depend
upon it, Herbert. Last winter we wore
our pockets so—so —"
Ada hesitates, aud Linda as usual, comes
to her assistance: "Iu cur back breadtlis.' 1
"I—that she —1 mean no doubt your
coat skirt was intruding npon the arm of
he chair. And did you ever meet her
again ?"
" I did. And she immediately possess
ed herself, in just as guileless u manner
as she possessed herself my haudkerchief,
of something belongiug to me, from my
point ef view of infinitely more valuable.
"There's George, and we promised to go
sailing with him. Come, Linda," shouts
Aaa, grasping her lazy friend by the arm;
and as they ran down the steps she shouts
back at her cousin, "If there's any more,
tell us this evening, Herbert,"
'ls there any more, Miss Howell?" asks
Mr. Moore, rising and stauding face to
face with the blushing girl.
"Should there be more?" she asks in re
turn.
4 Tes. 4 And she gave him her heart in place
of his owu, and promised to be his true
and faithful wife?' I)o you approve of
that ending for my story."
"That would be a happy conclusion, I'm
sure," laughs Illione. "1 can think of no
better one, Herbert."
And he draws her little haud within his
arm, and they slowly saunter off tow ard the
happy river.
Proverbs, New and Old.
Never sacrifice safety to large expected
returns.
Never make a loan on importunity.
Never lend a borrowing frieud moro
than you are willing to lose if he cannot
pay.
Never speculate deeper than you can at
ford to lose if you lose at all.
Never borrow any money to speculate
with.
Owe no man anything.
Be satisfied with a moderate rate to a
good tenant.
Keep well insured aud watch your
policy.
Never consult a man on business who
does not manage well his own.
Avoid a second mortgage for a fresh
loan.
He that maketh haste to be rich is not
wise.
Poverty is no bar to marriage if both
parties will work and save.
The gods help those who help themselves
—men and women.
God promises nothing to idleness.
A man must ask his wife if he may lie
rich.
Little coins, like drops of water, will fill
a bucket.
As we sow in temporal affairs so shall
we reap.
Short settlements make long friend
ships.
Fortunes are made by long earnings and
savings.
Money easily gotten Is soon spent.
Money earned is money valued.
It is easier to loosen up good property
than to re-establish it.
In discussing business disagreements keep
cool.
Less wisdom is required to make money
than to keep it securely when made.
Moreno** In Flour Mnnufitotiire.
Until recently it was believed that tho
only thing to be sought for in the produc
tion of a good article of flour was a more or
less line disintegration of the ktrnels ot
wheat. As long as millers held to the the
ory that grinding was all that was required,
a large percentage of the flour bad its nu
tritive powers greatly reduced by being
ground to an impalpable dust. Science,
by aid of the microscope, has shown that
no really good bread can lie made from
flour iu which any large portion of tho
starch globules have been thus broken
down. The rising of bread is due to the
starch globules which remain whole, whilst
the dust from the disentegrated ones, by
souring, impairs the lightness and sweet
ness of the loaf. It is but recently that
these facta liuvo been made known to mil
lers, and since that time they have been
discarding their old theories and machinery
and devising improvements with the view
to separating the starch globules, rather
than pulverizing them. Another import
ant advance in this industry consists of an
improvement iu boltiug machines. Until
recently the bran was separated from the
flour by a powerful air blast, which blows
off the light particles of bran. Considerable
power is requifed for this process, and al
though -t is carried on in a closed room,
there is not only a great waste of the fln-r
particles of flour, but the impalpable dust
pi netrates every part of the null aud often
gives rise to destructive explosions. By a
recent invention, electricity is made to
take the place of the air blast. Just over
the wire boll ng cloth, which has a rapid
reciprocal motiou, a number of bard rub
ber cylinders are kept slowly revolving and
rubbing against strips of sheepskin, by
which a large amount of fractional electric
ity is evolved. Then, as the middlings are
sieved by tbe reciprocal motion, the light
er brau comes to the top, whence, instead
of being blown away by an air blast, it is
attracted to the electricallay charged cylin
ders, as light substances are attracted to a
piece of paper, or a stick of sealing wax
which lias been smartly rubbed. The re
moval of the bran from the rollers, and its
deposit on one side, are readily affected,
while the flour is carried in another direc
tion. The separation is thus made com
plete, with very little loss of dust. Still
another device has been introduced, to re
move from the wheat, before being ground,
small pieces of iron, which, despite the ut
most care, will find their way into the
grain, workiug great injury to null ma
chinery. This trouble Is now remedied by
the use of series of magnets, directly under
which all t.*e grain is made to pass. Tnese
maguetß readily catch all the stray pieces
of iron from the wire bands used in bind
ing; and they have also revealed the sin
gular tact that, of the scraps of iron and
steel which find their way iuto the
graiu, fully one third are something be
sides the binding wire. They are of larger
proportions, of varying character, and
much more hurtful to the machinery than
the wire. Thus i is that science is con
stantly coming to the aid of all the various
industries, lightening the labor of the
workmen, decreasing the cost of prmiucta,
and in every way improving hll the various
processes which arc involved in the im
proved and constantly advancing civiliza
tion of the age.
Whtitling In the IHIUM.
In 1840 there was a threat mine disaster
near Carbondale, Pa. Several miuers were
buried iu oue of the Delaware and Ilud&on
Canal company's mines by a sudden cav
ing in of the roof. Although the cause of
the caving was known to have been a
lack of proper support by pillars and tim
bers, at least one old miner, a survivor of
the disaster, still living here, has al ways
maintained, and still maintains, that it was
caused by a 4 daie-devil miner," named
Jack Richards, whistling in the mice while
working with his gaug, against the prv>-
tests of his comrades. Richards was a
skeptical young Welshman, who ridiculed
all the superstitions of his fellow-workmen.
With the old miner mentioned above and
tifteeu others, he was working in the mine,
a mile from the entrance, on the day of the
catastrophe. The mine was well known
to be scantily propped, and the miners
were "robbing' it preparatory to Its aban
donment. He is described s having been
a merry fellow, fond of teasing his com
panions. On this occasion he suddenly
laid down his pick, and announced to his
fellow workmen in the chamber that he
intended to "whistle them up the 'Rigs o'
Barley.'" The miners were aghast at the
thought of Richards thus deliberately flying
in the face of mine luck, and they begged of
him not to oh se the good luck spirit away.
He laughed at their fears, and with clear,
loud notes made the chamber ring with the
lively Scotch air. Not content with that,
says the old miner, shuddering at this late
day over the sacreligious temerity of the
merry Welshman, he rattled off a jig known
by tue miners as the "Devil Among the
Tailors," and ended by telling the good
luck spirit to "take a dance to that, and
be blowed to it." None of the miuers
could speak for some time. Some of them
tried to go to work again, but the fear of
disaster was so strong upon them that they
all made preparations to quit the mine.
The old miner who recalls this incident
says that he had a brother and a son work
ing in another mine, and he made up his
mind to go to them, tell them of Jack
Richard's foolhardiness, warn them of its
consequences, and escape with them from
the mine. Jack Richards could uot con
vince any of them of the childishness of
their intended course.
Suddenly, while they were gathering up
their tools, a noise like the sound of dis
taut thunder came to the ears of the agita
ted miners. They knew too well what the
sound presaged- The roof was 44 working,"
and a cave-in threatened. The miners
turned to Jack and charged him with bring
ing disaster upon tliem by his defiance of
the good luck spirit of the mine. Jack re
plied that if the roof was falling, it was
because of insufficient support, and, not
because of Ids whistling, and knowing the
danger that encompassed them all, he coun
seled his comrades to lose no time in "get
ling atop." But before they could take
the first step toward reaching the surface a
second shock ran through the mine. This
time it was like a clap of thunder near the
earth. It was followed by a crash that
could be made out by the falling masses of
rock and coal from the roof, and by a gust
of wind i hat hurled the miners against the
jagged walls of their chamber. Then the
mine fell in all about them, and the seven
teen miners and the car-horse were impris
oned behind a wall of fallen coal and rock,
u a space u >t more than torty feet square.
Their lights were extinguished, and there
was not a match in the party. With death
awaiting them in one of its worst forms,
they cursed Jack Richards, and one of the
miners tried to find him iu the dark to
brain him with a pick. To ascertain wheth
er any of the gang had been killed by the
falling coal the name of each one was call
ed by one of the miners All responded
but Jack Richards, lie was found dead,
half buried bcuealh the wall of rock and
coal. The miners gave themselves up to
despair, as they did not dream it was pos
sible for any aid to reach them from with
out, and to dig their way through a mile
of rocky debris was a task they knew was
hopeless. Among tho imprisoned miners
was a young man named Boyden. He was
a son of Alexander Boyden, the superin
tendent of the mine, and, like his father,
was a man of great nerve and courage, lie
encouraged his imperiled companions with
the assurance that the air in the mine
would not t>e poisoned by the gasses for at
least two days, and that as long as the
horse's l>ody lasted they need not starve.
He said that his father would leave noth
ing undone to rescue all who were eliut in
the mine, and that, meantime, they llicm
se ves could aid his efforts by digging out
to meet him. Only three picks could be
found, the others being buried beneath the
coal. With these the men went to work
with a will. Those who had no picks
worked with their hands in digging into
the barrier between them and their free
dom. The body of poor Jack Richards
was uncovered and laid tenderly in a safe
place in the chamber. The horse seemed
understand the terror of the situation, and
gave voice to frequent piteous neighs.
The men worked for hours, many of
them working the flesh from their lingers
in the sharp coal. Home of them lost all
heart, aud threw themselves upon the
damp floor of their underground prison
and bewailed tlieir fate. Suddenly a ray of
light broke through a small opening in the
wail. Then a lantern was pushed through,
followed by a man's bead. The man cried j
out: "Is Ihere a man here that is alive ?" j
A glad shout from the miners was the re
ply. The man pulled himself through the
opening into the chamber. It was Alex
ander Boyden, the superintendent. The
miuers took him up in their arms, wept
tears of joy, and kissed the man whom
they believed had couie to deliver them.
Mr. Boyden had found his way to the sjiot
where the miners were imprisoned by
crawling along a narrow passage that had
la-en left in the falling coal and rock by tbe
lodgiug of roof timbers all along tbe way.
It required a struggle for hours to make
the perilous jourueyl He did not expect to
find one man alive in the chamber, his
great desire being to rescue the body of
his son, if possible, and save it from being
devoured by rats. He soon had tue min
ers in readiness to follow him back toward
the mouth of the mine. lie took the
dead body of Jack Richards on his back
and lead the way, and two hours after
ward the miners were in the arms of wives,
parents and sweethearts on top. Richards
had no relatives but a crippled s'ster, who
was dying with consumption. She died
the uext day. The brother and sou of the
narrator of this tragical incident and twelve
ether miners were never found. Three days
after the fall, mine boss Hosie, who had
been iu a distant part of the mine when
the roof caved in, emerged from its depths,
worn away to a skeleton. With his pick
he had dug hi 3 way for more than a mile
through au almost solid wall, without a
taste of food or a drop of water to strength
en and sastaiu him.
This mine tragedy forms one of the fav
orite narratives of the old miners of this
region, and, after relating it to iuquiring
visitors, they never fail to warn them not
to whistle if they intend going down in a
mine.
rrlnirval Man.
In a recent speech Prof Dawkins gener
alizing from the distribution of the animal
remains found in the early tertiary periods,
concluded that Europe was then joined to
Africa. The evidence found in the rnid
plioceue period of the existence of the rivei
drift hunter in France, Italy, Spain, Greece,
North Africa and also iu India, brought us,
in his opinion, face to face in that period
with the primitive condition of human cul
ture on which, in all probability, all pro
gress had been based. The absence of
geographical limitations already referred to
would account for the freedom with which
the hunter passed to aud fro. Subsequent
ly, in the cave-men he found the succes
sors of tbe river-drift hunter-men of much
higher type. He gave of their habits the
following hypothetical description: They
dressed themselves in skins and wore gloves
not unlike those worn at the present time.
They wore necklaces and armlets, aDd
probably pierced their ears for the recep
tion of ear-rings for ornamentation. They
used reed raddle, and indeed some of the
practices of the present time might be
looked upon distinctly as being survivals.
Tbe skins with which they clothed them •
selves tuey sewed together with bone need
les,and from what they left behind on bones
and pieces of skin and the liae it appeared
that were able to form a distinct idea of the
creatures which they hunted, the represen
tations thus left probably being the trophies
of the chase. They were fowlers and
fishermen, and it was evident from the fig
ures of animals whioh had been discovered
that the hunters of these times had great
facility in representing forms of animals
cn bone; but their attempts at representing
the human form were rude. They had also
left behind evidence of the art of sculpture.
They were ignorant of metals. They had
no domestic animals. Apparently they
were not in the habit of burying their dead.
We were not aware of what sort of phy
sique they had, but there was reason to be
lieve they were most closely related to the
Esquimaux. They were wholly different
from the river-drift men. The river-drift
man was in a state of primeval savagery;
the cave man was of a higher type, but iu
his turn was wholly inferior to the farmer,
herdsman and merchant who followed him.
We hftd this proof of the developement
of the human race in times before history
began,aud it occurred to him they had
no reason for fixing any limit as to whore
progress would end, his opinion being that
man would go on increasing in knowledge
and in improving in the arts of ci vilizatiou
until in perhaps not a very remote future he
would be as superior to the men of 1880
as we were superior to the early hunters
aud cave me n
Stick to one thin until it is done,
and done well. The uian who chases
two hares not only loses one of them,
but is pretty sure to lose the other also.
Gold la Musical laatrnmanta.
The use of gold in the construction
of musical instruments, never yet tho
roughly investigated, offers an interesting
field for experiment. Four metals are
distinguished as being capable of being
hardened to spring temper, and in that state
possess more or less power of vibration,
atool hardened by tempering is used for
pianoforte strings. Brass is hardened by
drawing down or flattening, but the elas
ticity is not equal to steel. Nickel can
also be drawn or flattened, and (xissesscs
great springiness, but no metal, either in
a pure state or mixed with other metal,
equals gold, if oombined with copper, sil
ver or both, for ductility or of power of
vibration. A spiral spring made of fif
teen-carat gold—that is, fifteen parts of flue
gold to nine parts of copper drawn into a wire
—possesses more springiness. Many years
ago 1 superintended tbe manufacture of some
gold wire on this principle, as a string
upon an ordinary pianoforte, and the results
were marked Not only was the tone
considerably increased, but its quality ma
terally improved. With the thinner and
shorter strings this was s? noticeable that
it is surprising the idea should not have
suggested itself to others. Fifteen carat
wire drawn down at least six holes after
softening answers best. I have also sug
gested the use of gold for the vibrating
tongue of the harmonium, concertina and
other instruments of the kind. Some time
ago I asked an amateur zithern player to
try the effects of gold wire upon his instru
ment aud he has since assured me the in
crease in tone is so remarkable that he has
substituted it for tbe steel springs with
complete success. I think the idea one
that merits further inquiry. The expense
(if advantages are to be gained) should not
deter those most interested in the matter.
The harmonium tongues are made so thin
that little extra outlay would be required,
and with small loss, seeing that the old
gold can be remelted. Let anyone take a
disk of steel tbe size and thickness of a
sovereign, throw it upon a wooden table so
as to make it ring, then take a sovereign
and beat it in tbe same way. The first
will have a dull sound, as if the metal
were cracked, and the second a bright
metallic bell-ring. A still better test is to
throw a piece of steel band on the floor,
listen to the vibrations, then do the same
with a strip of gold of the same size and
density. Gold has been used for the
strings of the virginal, with what effect I
cannot say: everything depends on the
gold being alloyed and hardened by draw
ing down to the desired condition, in
which it will stand nearly the same as
steel.
A Poetic story.
There is a quite singular tact mc onnec
tion with Stiles' hill, in the town of South
bury, Conn, knowu to the country residents
living within sight of that eminence. For
six decades two tall elm trees stood side
by side, a little distance apart, upon the
topmost point of the elevation; these trees
were visible for many miles around, and
from this fact they became noted land
marks. More than sixty years ago two
little girls were wont to pass over the
summit of this hill daily, during
the summer season, to drive their
father's cows to pasture. They were
impre seed by the sightly attributes of the
elevation, and often tarried to gaze at the
wide-spread landscape. One day they
conceived tho idea of planting each a tree
upon the hill, which should be to
them a reminder of their childhood days
in the years to come. They put their idea
into effect, and two slender elm shoots
soon waved their green branches as sol
itary sentinels in the open space round
about. Y'ears passed by and the shoots
grew into tall, stalwart trees. The girls
grew to womanhood and passed out of the
parental home into the great, wide world.
Occasionally they would meet one another
and allude to the living reminders of
youthful days, and often they would visit
the familiar haunts of their girlhood and
would sit beneath the wide spreading
branches of the mammoth elms. About
five years ago one of tbe girls died, an
aged lady of almost eighty. Scarcely
had the intelligence of her death reached
the neighborhood of her youth than the
residents observed that one of the old elms
was dying. Its leaves wilted and with
ered as though scorched by flame, aud
although midsummer yet the foliage fell
to the ground, leaving the naked, lifeless
branches and stock looking desolate
enough. Decay quickly followed in the
great tree, and during a high wind, one
night the following winter, it fell to the
earth. The other girl, although an octo
genarian, still lives, and the old elm
which she planted in her fresh young
girlhood still lives. But the people, to
whom the above circumstances are known,
watcb it with interest, feeling that a sub
tle relationship exists between the two
lives, and that the one will cease with the
other.
Clearing tl-e Hay for Old Hickory.
When President Jackson visited Hart
ford, Ct., in June, 1833, among the inci
dents of the day, which provoked consid
erable merriment at the expense of the
sufferers, was the following, related by a
gentleman who witnessed it: As the Presi
dent's party came in sight of the crowd at
Skinner's Corner it was observed that three
men in a wagon were riding abreast of
Jackson's carriage, and while not designing
to insult the distinguished visitors, their
conduct was so boisterous as to annoy them,
One of the assistant marshals requested
them to fall back, but he was answered by
a flat and profane refusal. General Pratt
then rode up and asked them to take them
selves out of the way. Another blast of
profanity and an emphatic negative greeted
this request. General Pratt's eyes flashed
ominously. He was mounted on a fine,
powerful horse, aud ha" ting until the wa
gon containing the belligerents was a few
yaids away, the General put spurs to his
horse and charging upon the animal which
was drawing the refractory three. He
came up at full gallop, his horse stncking
the other quarteringly on the foreshoulder
with tremendous force. The horse was
knocked down the embankment, .the wagon
upset and partially wrecked, and the stub
born occupants tound themselves sprawling
on the ground. Although the shock of the
collision was great, Pratt kept his seat as
firmly as a rock, and the crowd cheered
him lustily. Old Hickory could not re
press a smile at the ludicrous scene as the
three men took the unexpected tumble.
There was a good deal of the Jackson snap
in the performance, and possibly the Presi
dent thought if he had been in General
Pratt 's place, 44 1 would have done the sanje
thing, by the Eternal!"
MBBIM.
There are many strange physiological
phenomena; such as, for Instance, as what
is known as imitative and curiosity
manias, the one being an uncontrollable
desire to do as we see others do, and the
other an irresistible wish to see what oth
ers see. History records many instances
of these manias. One of the most remarkable
of the first occurred in Aix-la-Chapelle and
other cities in 1374, when an assemblage
of persons appeared who had " danced
their way through Germany." It was es
timated, at one time, that there were 30C00
persons thus engaged. Its commencement
was supposed to have been that a single in
dividual, afflicted with some nervous dis
ease, commenced dancing: others seeing
him, in obedience to the desire, the mania,
to act as others act, joined in the dance,
which, in a short time, engaged the above
extraordinary number of persons- In the
same category may be placed the " biting
nuns," who appeared in the convents of
Germany, Holland and Rome in another
century. This extended imitative mania
arose simply from the act of one nun at
tempting to bite a companion, and almost
immediately the whole sisterhood com
menced biting each other. So in regard to
the "mewing nuns."
A nun in a convent imitated the mewing
of a cat. Other sis Vers commenced mew
ing, until, finally, the whole sisterhood
mewed in concert for hours at a time.
Something similar to this, about sixty
years ago, took place in our own country.
At a camp-meeting held at Uaneridge,
Kentucky, a man thought he could best
serve the Lord by climbing a tree and
barking like a squirrel. In a short time
the imitative mania wised upon others,
and the trees upon the camp-ground were
soon covered with men barking in like
manner. The curiosity mania leads to
scenes, if not so ridiculous, quite as strange.
A dscipated gambler by the name of John
Law, killed a man in a duel in London,
and escaped to Paris. The finances of
France were in a deranged condition. In
a short time he became famous as the great
financier who had extracted that country
from her difficulties. Such was the curi
osity to see him that his carriage was sur
rounded by thousands, so that a troop of
horse had to clear the streets before he
could proceed. Whenever men or women
become noted, no matter for what, there
exists in the public mind a curiosity to see
them, and if there be an opportunity offer
ed, it becomes a mania.
Discovery of Bilk and Satin.
The discovery of silk is attributed to one
of the wives of the Emperor of China,
Ho&ng-ti, who reigned about two thousand
years before the Christian era; and since
that time a special spot has always been
allotted in the gardens of the Chinese royai
palace to the cultivation of the mulbeny
tree—called in Chinese the "golden tree"
—and to the keeping of silk worms. The
first silk diess in history was made, not fr
a sovereign nor for a pretty woman, but
for the monster in human shape, Helioga
balus.
Persian monks, who came to Constanti
nople revealed to the Emperor Justinian
the secret of the production of silk, and
gave him some silk worms. From Greece
the art passed into Italy at the end of the
thirteenth century. When the Popes left
Rome to settle at Avinton, France, they
introduced into that country the secret
which had been kept by the Italians; and
Louis XL established at Tours a manu
factory of silk fabrics. Francis I. founded
the Lyons silk works, which, to this day,
have kept the first rank. Henry IL, of
France, wore the first pair of silk hose ever
made, at the wedding of his sister. The
word "satin" which in the original was
applied to all silk stuffs in general, has,
since tne last century, been used to desig
nate only tissues which prevent a lust red
surface. The discovery of this particular
brilliant stuff was accidental. Octavio
Mai, a silk-weaver, finding business very
dull, and not knowing what to invent te
give a new impulse to the trade, was one
day pacing to and fro before his loom.
Every time he passed the machine, with
no definite object in view, he pulled little
threads from the warp and put them to his
mouth, which soon after he spat out.
Later on, he found the little ball of silk ou
the floor of his workshop, and was attract
ed by the brilliant appearance of the
threads. He repeated the experiment and
by using certain mucilaginous preparations
succeeded in giving new lustre to his tis
sues.
Something About Fans.
KAN SI was the first lady who carried a
fan. She lived in ages which are past, and
for the most part forgotten, and she was
the daughter of a Chinese Mandarin.
Who ever saw a Mandarin, even on a tea
chest, without his fan? In China and
Japan to this day every one has a fan; and
there are fans of all sorts for everybody.
The Japanese waves his fan at you when he
meets you, byway of greeting, and the
beggar who solicits for alms has the ex
ceedingly small coin "made on purpose"
for charity presented to him on the tip of
the fan.
In ancient times, amongst the Greeks
and Romans, fans seem to have been
enormous; they were generally made of
feathers, and carried by slaves over the
heads of their masters and mistresses, to
protect them from the sun, or waved about
before them to stir the air.
Catherine de Medicis caaried the first
folding fan ever seen in France; and in the
time of Louis the Fourteenth the fan was
a gorgeous thing, often covered with
jewels, and worth a small fortune. In Eng
land they were the fashion in the time of
Henry the Eighth. All his many wives
carried them, and doubtless wept behind
them. A fan set in diamonds was once
giyen to Queen Elizabeth upon New-Year's
Day.
The Mexican feather fans whioh Cortes
had from Montezuma were marvels of
beauty; and in Spain a large black fan is
the favorite. It is said that the use of the
fan is as carefully taught in that country as
any other branch of education, and that by
a well-known code of signals a Spanish
lady can carry on a long conversation with
any one especially an admirer.
The Japanese criminal of rank is polite
ly executed by means of a fan. On being
sentenced to death he is presented with a
fan, which he must receive with a low
bow, and as he bows, presto I the execu
tioner draws his sword, and outs his head
off. In fact, there is a fan for every oc
casion in Japan.
NO. 44.