TERMS OF PUBLICATION. f
TgE Bedford Turrit ii every Fri-
I.T AIO.-niBP by MBTB** * MKSDBL, at $2.00 por
if P*"* * trtc,l V tn odtMHK ; .iJ.M if piiiJ j
„j v..a rVi moutbi: $3.00 if m>t paia within si*
. ;L Jk "ibscri-ptian accounts MUST c
It Jiti-fd annuaL'sj. paper will i.e c-.-ntout of
fc. SUo unleiSi pai't for IN ADVIXCE. and all such !
_ .^. r ;ption ait I invartubly be discontinued at;
■jj. jtpirtion of the time for wtloh tby am
ill ADVURTISEM MNT3 for a l. e term than
l£r > mouths TEN* CENTS per line for aaeh tn
m'Jon. special o<Jtices one-bulf additional Alt
/iiuiuti- ns of Associations; eumuiunieationi of:
..sited or indidual lntorest. and notices of uiar- ;
and deaths excel ling five iina-, tin rent?
line. Editorial notices fifteen oeuts per line. I
All le/rnl Xotic*• of every iuid, anil Orphan*' j
Cxirt a>ui Jurlititl Suit s, are regiti if by tela '
b It published in both pi'jnrs pu&litJud in this
jistt.
fcjjr AH iidverticin;: Jut after first ii.-ertlon
A liberal disc -uut is made to fa.*; -m- advertising
p th 'fuarter. hag J ear. or \ e.'ir. at follows : i
3 months. 6 moot ha. I year.
•One square • - - $ 4 oil sfi 00 ?Hj 00
Two squares ... oon yOO id (M) •
Three squares - - • t 00 12 U At 00
Quarter column - - It Ou 20 00 -lb 00
flaif c.uumii - - • IH 00 2• 00 GOO 1
columu - - * - 30 00 4:> O0 eO 00
e'dne square to occupy one inch of space.
JOB PRINTING, of every kind, done with
B atuess and dispatch. TIIK GA/.ETTK Oirricr LOIS
just been refitted with a Powt r Pros; and new type, ;
und everything in the Printing iiiiecao be t-xecu- |
in the teust artistic manner aud at the lowsst
rates.—TERMS CASH.
fff' Ail tetters should be address! to
MEYERS S. MENGEL,
Publishers. j
l -.-'V ■ ....
(3UtornrMs at i\iu\
fosi.PH W, L'ATJhk ATTORN KY
,| AT LAW. BEDFORD, PA. Will promptly:
etteud to eollectionf of bonntv, Lack pnv. .*c..
sad a!i busireri entrueteii to hie euro in Bedford !
art adjoining counties.
Cash advanced ou judgments, notes, military t
slid other ciaim'.
Ha for sale Town lota in Tatceville, an*! St.-
Joseph'a on Bedford Raitroad. P".rir;s ~ud utiiin-;
proved land, from one acre to UIH) ares to suit)
perohasers
Offlce nearly opposite the "Meugel Hotel" and'
Bank of Reed A Sehell.
April 1. 1-fio—lv
TJIDWARD F. KERR, ATTORNKY ;
Pi AT L AW, BKItPORD. PA W ill min-tually
ad carefully attoud to all business cutrusied to
his or re. .-oldiers'claiun for tummy. 'o. i. pay
it speedily collected. OSoe with 11. Ni'-odw
nur. Esq . *<n Juli-i.astr-wt. nearly oj.j osiie the
Ksnkiu; Uotiseofßemj d -cheli.
April T, 1-du.
I B. ttCRBORKOW. I JOHN LCM.
TArItHO li R() W .i I. rTZ ,!
I f VTTORNEYS A I LAW, BEDFORD, PA.,
HPfi; attend promptly to nil businoss intru.'esl to
the'.r can* Colloetiona made ou the shortest no
tie' .
Xh-7 sr* 'So. regularly lieinscl Claim Agents
srd will fti 1 ' special attention to the proecntion
of iaims against the liovernuo'tit for Potuions,
Back Pay, bounty, Bounty Laud-. Ac
Office on Juliana street, one door .-south of the
• Meugel House.' and nearly oppuitt the Inquirer
cfice.
JOHN P. REED, ATTORNEY AT
♦ I LAW. BEDFORD. PA. Rosi.t- tfj'.ly tenders
services to the put'lie.
Office second ' • North of the Meng-. iiouc. |
Bedford. Aug. I. IMI.
TOHN PAL MI! R, A TTXJRNEY AT
f) LAW, BEDFORD. PA. Will promptly ouend
to aii basiutiM entrusted t<> his care.
Particulsr atleuti'*n paid ii the coile ;ion "f
Military claims. < if". .r on Juliana stre<t, nearly l
opposite tho Mengii H us.
Bsdfurd. Aug. 1. 1-01.
MA. rOINTS, AITORNEY AT:
, LAW. BEDFORD. I'A. BmMCtfhlty f- |
hrs tiis proacesior ii sr\ ic -to tiie public.
Office with J W. Liligci.felter, Pisq.. on Juliana
r<*et. two door- S-uth of the "Airugel House.''
Bedfortl. Dee. y. ISO 4.
13SPY M \I>IP. ATTURXEY AT
Vi LAW. BEDFORD. P. Will faitfilulfr and '
yt tptlv attend to all business entrusted to hi
•up l n Bedford aud adjoining routities Military ;
back pnv. bonotv. tic.. pfedily
Office with Mnrn A Strang, on -rrbct, ;
Somh of the
fia 8 1W
> SI. KIMHRLL. j J. V. LiNOENFELTKR.
r I.MMKLI, A LINOENFELTER,
IV ATTORNEt -ATI. W BEDFORD. PA.. |
liave formed a partuersuir in the prasjUeo of
'he Law. Office on Juliana street, two doors.South
-ftho "Meng! Jfo-Me,"
J1 H. SPANG, ATToi'.XLV AT •
I . LAW, BEDFORD. PA Wili promptly at-
Xi! Ito collection* and all businesj entrusieii to
hissare in Iforsl and adj i: ,rg coonti ••
n ffiee on Juliana -treet, ihrea ao rs south '•! the ,
Meugel licue," opposilo tin. rsat.iar.te of Mrs.'
Tate.
Kay '.3, IS6G ,
JOHN T. KEAGY, ATP>IINEY
♦/ AT LAW. IUKDFOBD. I'A. Will pnaftdyl
attend to all legal business entrusted to his care
Will give special attention to claims ."gainst the
g-Ten.ini-o'. 1
Office on Juliana Ft rent, formerly occupied by:
Hon. A. King.
March 31, ISS
i'hu.siciaißi and £cutists.
J? M . MA RBOU 80, M . D„
I . SCIIEI.I.-Bl fit.. PA Tender- his profey
fWtttki tervi t* of tbnt &n<i vi
tiuij ironie-iuHelv ippusi(e the >f
K Colvm, in th; formerly occupaed by
ty -f . Ifunry Sch^l!
DR. J. LTMARBOURG. iiuvifg
permanently I'.a'atesl. respectfull; tenders |
'■-professional sorviees t<> the citizens of Bedford
aol vicinitv
'.'Sue oil Juliana sfr. east side, nearly opjueiite
his Banking llous- of IC-ed A hcheli.
'•rtf od, mnuy 12. IBM.
f ' HICKQK, t J. . Jiix.vx n, *., j
EXTI S T S ,
REDFOBD, PA. j
'Sc io-he Ilauk Building. Jnliana st.
kU operations pertaining u> Surgical or Me
'tr..csiDeDtitrv can-fullv performed, aud war
'sated.
Tr Kits —f Abll.
bssford. Jeuuary 6. ihfi.
j&Mkins.
jfjosKetn. | J.J. ecnetL. ,
I) L E D A N D BCli L L L ,
It Hankers and
DEALERS IN" EXCHAXOE.
BEDFORD. PA..
s'hAFTS te.ught and sold, eoitec lions made an i '
promptly remitted.
elicited.
* sri'f o. r■ UUJVNO* y. mnbdict r
HI PP, SHANNON A CO., RANK-j
ERB, BEDFORD, PA
r HANK OF DISCOUNT AND DEPOSIT j
-Actions made for the EasT, Ww'. North;
- tv.-tith. aud the general kusintNts of Lxchaog'.- j
N'otee and Acconuts Collected and ;
promptly made. REAL Is.-TATE'
Oct. 20, HG6.
BORDER,
T~. Grr STKST TWO DOCKS WKBT OF TKK BKD- .
T CTT T| Ben, OP. Pa
a I3|MAKER AND DKALER IN JKWKL- I
RY, SPECTACLES. AC
CB hand a euxtk of' fine Gold and Fil- ]
. N'Aas Speetoc'ea cf Brilliant Double Re. •
q>,. js-Ars-s, a'eo Sootoh Pebble tr.sld
'-Eain t. Breast Fins. Finger Rings best
j',,3 T! O-ld Peav He will suppiy to order;
cu, K ln fci lioa not on hasi.
L M.
HP. IRVINE, ~ I
• ANDERSON'S ROW, BEDFORD. PA.,
it,( r Shoes, QHeeusware. aud Virie- |
A,,,, trom 0 JOE try Mazccante re-'
elicited. j
Gunsmith, j
Mwl j( Jrd ' Shop same as formerly occu- '
*'rk • border, deceased. Having resumed ]
rsaj ~ "ow prepared to fill all ordvrs for new |
■tr f "ortet dotice. Repairing done to or- |
* r: l atrcnage of the public is respectfully
OS'.. 20, es. I
®!)t iicftforb ©ftjriic.
BY MEYERS & MENGEL.
?!u (iViisfttr.
llt LOCAL HJMTOHY.
Erect km nf Bc<!lnrtl County lts Ori;lnnl
Boundnries—TcrritMry IIMIUI'<KI by th
Furiniitioii nf other touri! H**— Sqmtt
tor-.' Hettl<*nii*>it* on Imliaii tan<U and
Hnminc of thetr ( a!)im by the l'ro
vidfinl Authorities— I'lrut NVIIIMIK'IIN
in Hisilord County—lliyision hf the
Comity Info Tomtships—First Court
held in the Comity, Ar,
it i? the purpose of the writer of the
following sketches, to make u brief his
tory of Bedford conntv, from the time
of It.- erection to the present date. For
many of the fart- contained 111 these
articles, he 1- indebted to various com
pilations; all of which, however, are
principally composed of extracts from
the Colonial Records and I'enn.-ylvii
uia Archives. Still, the reader will
find soine things recorded here, which ;
he hits never seen 111 print any whole'
else.
Bedford county was erected out df ti
part of Cumberland county, by an net <
of the Ijcgisiature, pa-sed March 9,
1771. a little more than four years prior
to the breaking out of the Revolution
ary war. Authority was given in this
act of the Legislature, to Arthur St.'
Clair, Bernard Dougherty, .lames Coul
ter, William I'roctorand George Woods,
to purchase u pleee of land (in the lan
guage Of the act/ "situate in some con
venient place in the said town (Bed
ford in trust, and for the use of the in
habitants of the said county, and there
on to erect a court house and prison."
Robert ileCrcA, William 3liller and .
Robert Moon were appointed "to run,
mark out, and distinguish the bounda
ry lines betvt ; > n Cumberland and Bed
ford count ie-." These boundaries w ere
fixed in accordance with the following
provision of the act of the Legislature
already referred to: "That all and sin
gular the lands lying and being within
the boundaries following: that is to
say, beginning w hero the province
line cros.-e* the Tuscftrora mountain,
and running along the summit of that'
tnou.it -.-tin to tl :• < ; np near the head of;
Bath Valley; thence with a north line
to the Juniata; thence with the Juni
ata to the mouth of Shaver's Creek;
thence northeast to the line of Berl
county ; thence along the Berks county
line northwestward to the w -i noun- 1
dary of the province; thence south
ward, according to tin several course
of the western boundary of tin* prov
ince, to the southwest corner of the
province to the place of beginning."
When the county was orsgtnt/.cd. It
included the whole north-western ami
south-western portions of what WILS
then the province of Pennsylvania.
Before it wa-shorn of ts original pro
portions ia- the reader will have ob
served above h extendf*! eastward as
far a-the western boundary of Berk-.
But old mother Bedford gradually gave
up her broad acres, as lier daughters,
one after another, received their por
tions from her generous endowing*.
First, Northumberland, 011 the J Ist of
March, 177:.', took a part of her soil;
Westmoreland, the year following,
Huntingdon, in 17--7, Somerset in 1795,
trenched .-til! further upon her domain;
and Blair and Fulton within tins mem
ory of the present generation, reduced
her territory to the limits which now '
confine it.
The fir.-, attempt by white men to
occupy the lands included within the,
original limits of Bedford cocinty, wa- 1
made by some adventurers from the
('onoeocheague and Conodoguinetteset
tleiticnts, about the year.l7 10. Pioneers
front these settleinent,- ".-qubtted" at !
Path Valley, Aughwiek and Big Cove, j
The lands which these "squatters" oc
cupied had not then been purchased i
from the Indians, and a- there was a i
special agreement IhUwcci) the Six Na-,
tion- and William IVnn, that the lat- j
terwasnotro suffer any of his people!
to settle lands before they had purcha
sed them from the "council" of the for
mer, the government warned the set
tlers to withdraw from the unpurcha
sed territory. Some of them regarded
the warning, but Others refused to re
move. The Indians complained to the
provincial authorities, that their bunt-!
ing-grounds were intruded upon and
injured by the whites and that unless
the settlers wore constrained to wnb
draw from the unpurchased lands, quar
rels with them would inevitably ari-e;
and bloodshed certainly ensue. Acctc- ;
dingly, in order to compel the refruc-j
toty pioneers to regard the injunction
of the government, in May, 17730, Iticli
ard Peters, Secretary of the Province*, j
aoiompanit-d by the sheriff of the coun
ty, proceeded to Path \'alloy, w hem;
he burned eleven of the "squatters'" I
cabins; thence to Aughwiek, where
lie burned another; and afterward* to :
Big Cove, at which place they burned;
three more. Some other cabins were |
also burned, a few of them by those;
settlers who determined to ronurvo in 1
compliance with the request of the;
government. (From these proceedings j
a place now in Fulton county, derived '
its name of Burnt Cabins).
As far ascan beaseertnined, the n:imw
of the principal pioneers in Path Ya!- j
ley, were as follows; Abraham Siach, j
James Blair, Moses Moore. Arthur 1 tun-!
lap, Alexander McCartie, David Lewis,
Adam McCartie, Felix Doyle, Andrew
Dunlap, Itolert Wilson, Jacob Pyatt,
Jacob Pyatt, Jr., William Rum age,
Reynolds Alexander, Sam uel Patterson,
Robert Baker, John Armstrong, John
Potts; the ad venturers in Big Cove, were
Andrew Donaldson, John McClelland,
Charles Stewart, James Downy, John'
Mat-Mean, Robert Kendell, Samuel
1 Brown, William Shepherd, Roger Mure
i phy, Robert Smith, William Dickey,
William Millican, William Mac Co
n nell, Alexander M acUonnell, James
1 MacConnell, Williai 1 Carrel, John Mar
j tin, John Jamison, Hans Potter, John
, McCollin, Adam MacConnell, James
Wilson, and John Wilson and a few
others. Peter Falconer, Nicholas De
: liOng, Samuel Perry and John Charle
. ton were the principal "squatters" at
Aughwiek. Xotwitlistiuidiug the se
; vere treatment of these parties, by the
. provincial authorities, it is said that
1 some of them afterwards returned to
j the places from which they had la-en
{ driven, and that their descendants live
' at this day in the localities made mem
orable by the IxJld nets of their pioneer
' ancestor.-.
The first permanent settlement with
' in the original confines ot' Bedford
f county, is supposed to have been made
in tbeyear 17*">u. In 1770, settlements
'on Dunning's (.'reek and Shawanee
' Run, distant, re-jwetiveiv, twelve and
fifteen miles from the fort 111 Bedford,
were established The latter stream is
near the Allegheny mountains. and up
on its banks, the Shawance Indians
! oia t-had a village. In 1771, a consid
erable dumber bf sett lenient- hndKprnhg
| up in differetit parts of the county.
The county was then divided in ;o the
followingnamedtownship*: Air,Arm
-trong. Barreo, Bedford, Brothers val
ley, Coleruin, Cumberland, Dublin.
Fairfield, Ilemptield, Mt. Pleasant,
Pitt. iiot-s Straver,.-spring Hill, Tyrone
and Tuliyleague.
The first Court of General Quarter
Sessions for the county, was held at
Bedford, on the lfith day of April, 1771,
"before William Proctor, Rolx-rt Clug
gage, Robert!lnnna,Geo. Wilson, Wat.
Lochery, and William MeConneit, In
quires. .lu-tice- of our Lord the Hit g,
to hc-M* ami determine divers felonies
| and misdemeanors committed in Uii
said county.'* The following nan ted
1 per-ons constitute*! the Brand Jury of
, this Court: James Anderson, foreman;
I 'hark Cessna. James Met Vhl in. 'I J lio-.
Ivje.rloc., Alien Rose, George Millekin,
Joliu 3100 re, Robert t -ulbertson, (Seorge
Funk. John 11 u IT. Rinard Wolfe, \ral
entine .sliudaeer, Tbuma- Day, Samuel
Drennin, EJ .vard Rose, Sar oiei Skin
ner, William Parker. Chri.-topher Mil
-1 1.-r, Thoiiist- ("royai, Adam Sam, Jacob'
Fisher, I.avid Rinard.
Tin- first Justicxts of the Peace for
the county, were appointed by the (iov
ertior, Marco IR, 1771. Their names
were Arthur St. Clair, William Craw
ford, Jame- MiPingan, Thomas GL-t,
Dor-ey Pentieost, Alexander Mclvee,
Wm. PriH-tor, Jr., Robert llamia,
William Loebery. George Wilson,
Robert Clugguge. Win. MeConnell a ul
George Woods. At the first term of
Court, the .lu-tiees recommended to the
< iovernor the following nunuxi persr-n
--as suitable parties to keep taverns:
Margaret Frazer, Jean Woods, Fred
erick Naugle, <ieorgc Funk and John
Ciuupbell. In July following, they
recommended for the same eiupioy
meiit, James Aruierson. Andrew Jiitt
jour, Thoiiuis Cainpitell, .Josejih Irwin,
JolmMiller and.Sanuiel Paxton. These
wt retiie first hotel-keepers in Bedfortl
county.
1* The attorneys admitted to the prate
tire of law, at the first court held in
Bedford, were iiolx-rt Magaw. Andrew
Ho--. Philip Pendleton, Robert Ual
• brauth, David Sample, smd James Wil-
I , ,
son. They were ad mitt ed on motior. of
B. nuirn Dougherty, F>q. At the .in
ly term following. David Grier, David
L-py and George Brent were admit.ixl
to practice in the same court. Artiaur
St. Clair, of military memory, was the
fir.-t Protlaonotary, Recorder of Deed
and Register of Will.-, for the county.
. Robert Ilanna, Dorsey Pentreost and
John Stephen-on werethefirst comnds
! sioners.
< Tn he confimird. i
Tilt: CtIoLKIIA !X F..M.1.AM1 AM)
J'uanck.—There 1-jui no longer lie an\
flou'it that the Asiatic cholera bar- nuuie
its apjieairtmre and is spreading in Kng
lamd. Another total case has oi-eured
511 Southiimpton, From there it ha
spresid to Slioling-Coinmoi! and Bit
terne, situat*-alxiut four aind two niile
from Southampton. The two ea.-i - at
■ Sholing-< 'ommon hav epr<>\-ed fatal: of
seven eases at Bitterne two halve prov
| <xl fatal, while the other patients were
j imjiroving. There is also a marked
1 diarrhiaHll over the district of Bltterm-.
Da Franre, the disease i- Likewise oai
( the increase. A letter from Toulon
j etales that it has broken out with start
ling suddenness at SnlHes-P<mt, u little
I town of 3, (100 inhabitants. In the course
j <if the first night in which it made its
| appearanoe there were sixty cases, and
; thirty-six hours luu-r there had already
|>oen 00 deaths out of a jxipulatlon re
! dueed to 1,000 sou Ls by a panic stricken
: jieople. In Touloa it has a jsvuliarly
' virulent character. It has also made
i its appeanuice at Paris, where, aocord
l ing to the testimony of I>r. Vaclier,
tho condition of the stagnant water of
the basin causes a serious apjireheiL-ion
' of its rapid spread.
j HUMAN IIAIR, which five years ago
j brought five dollars a pound, is now
worth twenty-eight, and some as high
as one hundred und tiftv dollars. Over
two million dollars' worth is now an
nually imported. The false designs of
the gentler sex have caused these ex
tensive importations, hut probably we
shall need all that hair to balance the
i gain we have made, the last few year-,
' in the wool crop.
BEDFORD. PA.. FRIDAY MORNING. OCTOBER 27, 1865.
•1 lIfPORTA XT SPEECH RY TIl'K, SKIRL
T.VKV OF IHL TitY.VSI I ;y.
, | The banquet given in hont >r ofSecre
- tan,* Met "ul loch, at Fort Wayne, Indi
" ana, is spoken of by the- western papers
t as one of the finest affairs evt i r Avitness
s ed there. Theseeretary was veleoniwl
f iiy P. P. Bailey, Esq., who presided on
- theoeciLsion, and. in response to "our
honored guest," spoke us follows:
1 In any other place and under any
other circumstances I should tot f -ei
at liberty to make any pariicuLtr allu
-1 sion to the Prcsideut of tho Unitxi
1 .State-, holding as Ido a seat in liiscab
-1 inet. But knowing that, many of you,
my townsmen and neighbors, have
leon of tin- opinion that tlie settlement
r of the great question- which wduld
| neeessiirily come up for settlement at
" . the elHweof the war would riquil-e on
' the j:trt of the < hief Magistrate a |rt
founder wisdom and a broatler .UaPi
" : manship tlnm was required during it* .
'Continuance, ami iiiat not a few lnive
; heen-deeply aji.xiOus lest 31r. Johnson
• j might have fas-n iini-qual to the prodi-
I gious work that Ims been devolved up
on iiini. I hvi i-onstraiia-d to say that
I there is, in my judgment, no ground
for apprehension on this subject. Try
ing' and difficult as is his situation, i
Mr. Johnson is aiaster of it. He pos
-essx-s in an emiuent degree, the quali
ties tiiiu lit hitu for the presidency at
the present time; A southern man,
thoroughly acquainted with the effects ;
: of slavery upon society, he knows how
to deal with southern menintheif pres
ent eireumsfcutces. Ardently tittaciied ,
t< Tennessee, tliekive which he bears
to liis state is entirely subordinate to
that which he bears to the Union.
Jealous of state rights, he is equally
, jealous nf tL'se rights of the general gov
i ernnient. A radical and uncomprMng
enemy 'f nullitientit'h, secession and
every form of disloyalty, be isikjually
an enemy to any measures Avhieli, in
his judgment, are calculated, by de
priving the state-- of their just rights 1
i under the Constitution, to convert the
federal govermnenl into a despotism.
) Raised in slave states, and lately a slave
j holder he has always been the opponent
of the aristocracy that was based tipon
■ it. By nature and by tHluretion, in* ir
i just the man for the gr.-at work of rc
| establishing the fohral .udliority over
' the rerent rebeilioiis state.-. And in*
j has taken hold of this work with a do
' votion, an energy and a prudence that
- promises tlu- best results. Ueisa man
f also, of excellent judgment, and great
• j singleness of purpose. Honest himself
he expects iionesty in others. Although
, long in public life, aud a leading poli
, tician of his own school, iie is in no i
. sense a partisan. Unaasumingin man-
I nt.rs, in* i-yet-elf-tiOK-'-essi'd and digni
f. tied. lie listens to the advice of those
- in whose judgment he has confidence
- but acts upon Iti- own convictions, and
: generally according to his own impress
ion-. With great decision of character
lie is never hasty in action, stern and
unyielding in his adherence to princi
ple and duty, he i*a nam of kindly and j
gentle emotions. Ifaxingby his own
■ indoinitable energy fought his way up ■
'from alow to a high estate, he is In i
' hearty sympathy witii those who are
treading the same upward path. He
• is, in a word, a clear-headed, upright,
unergetic,so 1 f-ro 1 ying.-latesnian; adig
nitied, courteous, ami kind hearted
gentleman. His administration will be
eharacterizt dby all the forts- and ener
gy and indepeiul niceof Jtickson 1 .-, with !
very little of its partisan elumtcter. j
Tin. I• It ESII >KN T's itKCONSTKI'CTION
INiLICY.
Under liis direction the great work of
■! re-establishing civil government tit the
■ South under tin federal Constitution i
going nipidlv forward —too rapidly, it
seems, according to tin-opinion of many s
tit the North, whose opinions are cnti-'
tied to gre-at consideration. 1 know, |
sir, that many doubt the wisdom of 31 r. •
Johnson's policy; that many are of tiio
1 opinion that by their ordinances of se
ct—.-i tin the rebellious states htid cett.-cd. •
to IK- states under tint Constitution ::tnd
thut nothing should IK- done by tin-ex
ecutive in aid of the restoration of then;
state governments until Congress had
determined on what terms they should
bo restored to the Union which they ;
hail voluntarily nbundoned and at
tempted to destroy; that ;is the ptsiplo t
of these stubs had appealed to tlio
' sworrl, and been subjugated by the :
i sword, they should be governed by the
sword until the law-making powers had
disposed of the subjectof reconstruction, i
i that no state that hatl jtassed ordinances j
of sts-ession and united with the so-eill- ,
1 t d confederate government should ever ]
' j tie admitted again into the Union uu- j
1 ; less in its preliminary proceeding* all j
men, irrespective of color, should bo |
| permitted to vote, nor without provL
| ions in its Constitution for the absolute
enfranchisement of the negro. Bomo'
; even go farther tluui this and demand,
' i thecontiaeatlon ofthe propertyofall reb
els iuid the application of the proceeds
I to the payment of the national debt .
Thoee ore-not, I apprehend, the views,
of a respectable minority. I know that
they are not the views of the majority
of the j H-ople of the North. The better |
• j opinion is that thestates which at tempt-!
j edto secede never ceased to be stab- in j
i j the Union; that all their acts of ,-eccss- j
• j ion wore of no effect; that during the \
■ | progress of the revolt the exercise of the j
f. fedend authority was merely susjiended 1
- and that there never was a moment
'! when the allegiance of the people ofthe \
-' insurrectionary states was not duo to j
, the government, und when the govern- j
< rucut was not bound to maintain Its
! authority over them and extend protec
tion to those who require it. When
• j the rebellion was overcome, the so-call
. IH! confederate government and all state
. governments which had been fonned
j in o]>iK>sition to the federal government
ceased to havee vena nominal existence,
and the people who had been subject to
them were left, for the time being, wit h
■ | out any government whatever. The
i term of office of the federal officers had
expired or of offices had become vacant
bv the ' reason of those who held them.
There were no federal revenue officers
no competent federal judges, and no
j organized federal courts. Xorwere the
j ) tcople any lietter off as far as state au
i hority was regarded. When the con
( federaey collapsed all the rebel state
I governments collapsed with it, so that,
with a few exceptions, there were no
j persons holding civil office at the South
j by the authority of any legitimate gov
ernment.
A J.Alien: AKMV DANGEROUS AND FX-
T'KNsrvK.
Now, as government is at all times a
necessity amoilg men, and as it was es
pecially so at the South, where violence
and lawlessness had fu]l sway, the ques
tion to be decided by the President was
simply this: Shall Uie people at the
South he held under military rule un
til Congress shall act upon the question
or shall immediate measures lie taken
by the executive to restore to them civ
il government*.' ftcr mature consid
| oration, the President concluded it to bo
his duty to adopt the latter course, ai d
1 am satisfied that in doing so he hue
acted wisely. Military rule will not be
in demand by the people of the Cnited
States one moment longer than there is
:in absolute necessity for it. Such an
army as would have been requisite for i
the government of the people of the.
South, as a subjugated people, until;
< 'engross might prescribe the terms on \
which they could be restored to the Un
ion, would havcbeeii to<) severe a strain
upon our Republican institutions, and
too expensive for thopiesent condition
of the Treasury. The Proficient has
therefore gone to work to restore the
Union by the use, frorr. the necessity of
the case, of aportlon <ll those w ho have
1 been recently in arms to overthrow it. 5
Titi: SOFTHEKN rroriii: CAN nr. THFS
TE |
The experiment may he regarded as
a dangerous one, but itv.ili be proved, I
apprehend, to have been a judicious one.
Never were a people so disgusted with 1
the work of their own hands as were
the great mass of the people of the '
South 'even before the ooltapsie of the
rebellion) with the government which
was attempted to beset up by theover
throw of the gove. rattent of their fore
fathers. Never were a people so com
pletely subjugated, re the people of the
rebel states. I have- met a great many •
of those whom the President is using j
in his restoration policy,and they have
impressed memostl.ivorubly. I believe
them to be honest In taking the amnes- i
ty oath and in their pledges of fidelity j
to the Constitution ruid the Union. 1
Slavery has perished —this all acknowl
. edge—and with it has gone down the i
doctrine of secession. State sovereign
ty had been discussed in Congress, be
fore courts, in the public journals, and
among the people, and at last, "when '
madness ruled the hour," this vexed
question was submitted to the final ar
bitramentof the sword. The question,
as all admit, lias been fairly and defi
nitely decided, and from this decision j
of the sword there will be no appeal. !
, It i< undoubtedly true that the men of
the South feel sore at the result, but ■
they accept Ihe situation and arc pre
paring for the changes which the war>
has produced in their domestic institu
tion. with an alacrity and an cxhibi-1
tlon of good feeling which has, I con- ;
fuss, surprised as it has gratified me,
NEGRO SUFFRAGE.
! In the work of restoration the Presi- j
hut has aimed to <lo only that which !
was necessary to be done, exercising on-;
iy that power which could be properly .
exercised under the Constitution,w hich
guarantees to every state a republiean
■ form of government. Regarding sla- j
very as having perished in the rebel 1- 1
ious States, either by the proclamation
of his predecessor, or by the result of
' the war, and detormiring that no reb
el who had not purged himself of his
treason should have any part in the res- j
toration of thecivil governments which i
he is aiding to establish, he has not con
sidered it within the scope of his an- J
thority to go further and enfranchise '
the negro. For this he is censured by j
1 many true men at the North, and a |
few extreme men at the South, but
( lev no doubt that h<: trill be sustained by
j 'Ju people and that the result icill rindi
rw/c the wisdom of his cdtirse.
NO Si AST Y PARDONS FOR THE I.ItID
KKS OF TDK REBKLRIOX.
! Rut while the President is inclined !
to treat with kindness, and to trust <
those, who under mistaken notions in j
regard to the character of the govern- i
ment. Joined in the rebellion, but not j
until (after a struggle on their part to '
prevent It) the (States to which they be- j
longed had passed the ordinance of s '
' cession, and the United Htates was un- i
I able to extend to them that protection
' to which they were entitled—there is !
Jno man who holds in greater abhor- ■
j rence than he does the crime of trta-1
; son, or the infamous scoundrels who i
j systematically and deliberately starved ;
: and poisoned our soldiers in prison.
! To the plotters of the rebellion there
j will lie, I apprehend, no hasty pardons;'
| to the murderers of our gallant soldiers
no mercy, l
VOL. 61.—WHOLE No. 5.320
- ) THE OOUNTRV'S FINANCES.
i i And now a word in regard to our fi
• nances. Yon know that I did not seek,
• as I did not expeet to be, Secretary ol
I the Treasury. To this fact I attribute
t in a great degree, the good feeling and
, indulgence that hat e been manifested
> toward me in Ihe wry trying and re
• sponsible position I occupy. I accept
-1 ed the office of Secretary of the Treas-
I ury with great distrust of my ability
: to meet the publii * expectation, but
. ! with a sincere desire to so conduct the
.affairsof this great, department as to
aid in restoring the credit of the gov
■ eminent which Had been damaged bv
j the greatness of the public debt, and
the uncertainty in trogard to the dura
• tion, if not to the result of the war,
and in bringing up fate obligations ol
' the government to I.he specie standard.
; IKREDKL.M A!BI,K CT; HKENCY AN EVIL.
J am not one of th ose who stem dis
-1 pose<l to retaliate coin as a measure of
value, and l> make a secured paper cur
rency the standard. On the contrary,
1 belong to that class of persons, who,
regarding an exclusive metallic curren
cy as an impracticable thing among an
enterprising anil eominereifil people,
nevertheless look upon an irredeema
ble currency a- an evil which circum
stances may for ii time render a neces
sity, but is ne\' s r to be sustaihed as a
])olicy. I!y coßlifion consent of the tui
tions, gold and silver are the Only true
i measure of value: They are the neees
sary regulators of trade. I have, my
self, no more doubt tluit these nietaN
were prepared by tie Almighty, for
this very purpose? tlvm 1 have that i
ron and coal were prepared for the pur
poses for which they .art- being used.
1 favor a well-secured convertible pa-
I per currency. No othercan to any ex
tent, be a proper substitute for coin.
I Of course it is not expected that there
; shall be a dollar in coin to n-serve for
' every dollar of paper in circulation.
This is not necessary. For all ordina
ry home transactions, u paper currency
is sufficient, but there are constantly
occurring periods when balances be
tween countries, and in the Uuited
States between its different sections,
must be settled by coin. These balan
' ces are insignificant in amount, incom
pariser with, the transactions cut bf
which they iaris*, and when a vicious
sysfcemof credits does not too iong post
: pone settlements, they are arranged
without disturbing movements of coin.
! Whenever specie i- needed for such n
phrpose, or for any other purpose, the
I piper currency of the country should
be convertible into it, and a circulation
which is not so convertible will not be,
and ought not long to be, tolerated by
the people. The present Inconvertible
currency of the United States was a ne
j eessitydf the war, but now that the War
has ceased, and tiff- government ought
not to be longer a borrower, this cur
rency should bo brought up to the spe
, cie standard, :uid I see no way of doing
i this but by withdrawing a portion of it
from circulation:
I TIIE BUSINESS of tins COUNTRY IN AN
UNHEALTHY STATE.
i 1 have no faith, sir, in a prosperity
which is the effect of a depreciated cur
rency, nor can 1 see any safe path for
us to tread but that which leads to specie
payment. The extreme high prices
which now prevail in the United States
is an unerring indication that the >bus
iness of the country isiuan unhealthy
condition. We are measuring values
iby a false standard. We have a eircu
. latiug medium altogether larger than
is needed for legitimate business—tin l
excess is us<xl in speculations. The U
nited States are to-day the best market
] in the world for foreigners to sell in,
; and among the jioorest to buy in. The
consequence is, that Europe is selling
us more than she buys of us (including
i our securities, which ought not to go
• abroad), and there is a debt rolling up
agiiinst us that must be settled, in part
;at least, with coin. The longer the in
flation continues rho more difficult will
' it be for us to get back to tbesolid ground
I of specie payments, to which we must
return sooner or later. If Congress
; shall, early in the approaching session,
! authorize the funding of legal tenders,
and the work of a reduction is com
menced and carried on resolutely but
carefully and prudently, we will reach
it probahly without serious embarrass
; ment to legitimate business; if not we
shall have a brief period of hollow and ,
! seductive prosperity, resulting in wide-;
! spread bankruptcy and disaster. There 1
j are other objections to the present in-'
■ tlation. It is, 1 fear, corrupting the pub
j lie morals. It is converting the busi-j
j ness of the country into gambling, and
seriously diminishing the labor of the
country. This is always the effect of
excessive circulation. The kind of;
gambling which it produces is not con-1
fined to the stock and produce boards, i
| where the very terms which are used
1 by the oi>erators indicate tiie nature of |
the transactions, but it is spreading
through our towns and into the rural j
i districts. Men an? apparently getting •
j rich while morality languishes and the
' productive industry of the country is
j being diminished. Good morals in bus- j
' iness, and sober, persevering industry-, j
i if not at a discount, are considered too l
old-fogyish for the present times. But
1 feel that this Is not the occasion for j
croaking, and perhaps I ought to apol
! ogizo for the train of remarks into which ;
; I have been led. Whatever financial'
; troubles.raay be before us, Fort Wayne '
will suffer as little from them as any •
i other city in the country. Good flnan-!
! cial seed was sown here at an early day.
| If property is high, there are no ineum-1
i branees upon it. If expensive buildings,
are being erected, the owners are not
indebted for them. Business,la done
here on the cash principle. Our mer
chants generally buy for cash. We
shall doubtless wake up some fine morn -
ing and find our property worth ap
parently a good deal less than at present,
but if we have no debts to pay in a
dearer currency than that in which they
were contracted, we shall have little to
fear from any crisis that may occur.
WISE LEGISLATION NECESSARY.
But, while I feel anxious about tho
present inflation, and its effects upon
the business and morals of the country,
I am hopeful that, by wise legislation,
we shall escape a financial collapse, and
I am confident that a grand future is
before the United States. lam hopofu 1
that the currency may be brought up
to the specie standard without those fi
nancial troubles which have in all coun
tries followed protracted and expensive
wars. By the experience of the past
four years, we are led to the conclusion
that our people have a latent power
that always manifests itself when re
quired, and is equal to any emergency.
I have faith, sir, that as we have, to the
astonishment of the world, raised im
monsearmies, larger, I apprehend, than
' any single nation ever brought into the
I field, and met the enormous expenses
of the war without borrowing from
other nations, we shall also be able,
without a financial crisis, to fund cur
surplus currency and interest-bearing
notes, bring buck the business to a spe
cie standard, and place the credit of the
country on the most stable and satis
factory basis. If we do this, we shall
. accomplish what the soundest thinkers
in Europe have considered an impossi
bility, and what no other people but
the free and enterprising people of the
| United States, occupying the grandest
; country in the world, could accomplish.
But should we be disappointed in these
hojK'ful expectations; should no early
: chirk IK* put upon the issues of paper
money ; should prices still further ad
vance, and speculation be still further
stimulated and the result thereof be
extensive bankruptcy, depression, and
i hard times, the grand destiny of this
country and this government will not
be affected. The United States occupy
the hest portion of the temperate zone
of a continent, stretching out its arms
j to Europe on the one side, and Asia on
the other, and producing all articles ue
! e'w-ary for the subsistence and comfort
Jof the race. If cotton be king, lie is,
thank God, enthroned again ; if bread
> be king, where should his capital be
, but in this great valley of tiie Missis
•' sippi? This nation has within itself ev
erything that is needed to make it the
1 greatest among the family of nations.
( 'OH i and i ton in juxtaposition and inex
haustible supply. Mountains and val
leys rich enough in gold and silver to
furnish the world, for all time, with
what may i>e needed for circulation and
j other uses. Copper and lead and other
minerals in no less abundance. A soil
of wonderful fertility, a climate salu
brious and diversified, and, above all.
republican institutions,and an energetic
; and again united people.
CAPITAL AND LABOR IN THE SOUTH.
We have, it is true, sir, difiicult ques
tions growing out of the war yet to be
settled, but 1 have an abidingeonfidenoe
that they will he settled as they como
up for settlement, in such manner as
will strengthen the Union, and add to
our national renown. The labor ques
tion at the South is otic of those ques
tions, but if there be no outside inter
ference, it will not, 1 apprehend, be a
very difficult one; on the contrary, it
is quite likely to he a self-adjusting one.
The planter needs the labor of his form
er slaves, and the high price which
Southern products will command for
years to come will enable him to pay
liberally for it. The colored people will
soon learn that freedom from slavery
' does not mean freedom from work.—
The interests of the two races will not
long be antagonistic. The white will
need the labor of the blacks and the
blacks will need employment. There
is as much danger to be apprehended
from the unwillingness of the latter to
labor for a support as from an indispo
sition on the part of the former to pay
fair wages. Like all other economical
questions, it will be settled by the no
ces-ities and interest of the parties.—
Fortunately for the solution of this
question, and the well-being of laboring
men generally, capital is not supreme
in the United States. It does not, as
in most other countries, hold labor un
der its control, and dole out to It just
such remuneration only as will make
it most productive. Labor is a power
in this free country, with its cheap lands,
which are within the reach of all indus
trious men, and dictates terms to capi
tal. There is no part of tl ic world where
labor is more needed than in the South
ern States, nor where it will soon com
mand hotter prices. This labor ques
tion at the South will, I doubt not, lie
satisfactorily arranged in due time, for
tho best interests of all concerned. But
1 Jiuvo trespassed too long upon your
time. Accept, again, my thanks for
your courtesy, and for the attention you
have given to my desultory remarks.
AOATNHT THE CURRENT.—A wag
gish chap, whose vixen wife by drown
ing lost her precious life, eallod out his
neighbors all around, and told 'em that
his spouse was drowned, and in splteof
search, could not be found. He knew,
he said, the very nook, where she had
tumbled in the brook, and he had drag
ged along tho shore, above tho place a
mile or more.
"Above the place ?" the people cried;
'•why, what dy'e iboan?"
The man replied—
FOf course you don't suppose I'd go
and watte the timoto look below? I've
known tho womafa quite a spell, and
learnt her fashions toTbleweU; alive or
dead, ihe'd go, I HWOW, against thecur
rent, anyhow 1"
Btrff The State Constitution has been
adopted in Colorado by a large
ity. The negro suffrage clause waaiiU*-
feutcd.
igMim~- | r~