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I tETTERFRO* MR. VALLANDIGHA M
To the "Young Men's Democratic Asso
ciation," of Lancaster, Pa.
Genylemen : Frix-in your President ami Sec
retaries. as also from individual numbers, 1
have, within the past three months, received re
peated cordial invitations to address your As
sociation. W bile a compliance in person would I
U most agreeable to me, ido not believe thai
either time or circumstance is auspicious just
now for active political agitation. Put I avail '
ffiv-elf of your kiud request, to prc-oat, very
respectfully, in writing, a few thoughts upon '
the present position and duty of the Democratic i
■v.rtv. At 1" they can be hot c-< ' jectuie in ,
I part, and in part suggestion; for be would be .
n hold man, and ought to be omuise*. an of u*
well the i..turo as the present, who should at- j
I tempi to lay dawn, in these times, v. L a the .
teen.-s change with the diversity, suddenness and j
marvellous central rely of theatric represents-'
• ti. , a fixed 'rule of policy upon any public •
question. Yet with t'is quiriirica'ien, an!;
s;.- aking for my . elf only, 1 slia.ll address you
with becoming freedom and candor. Ido not, j
indeed, conceal from myself, the apprehension j
that we are rather at the beginning than the .
end of a great revolution, and that free insti- .
tutions i:i America are to-day far more upon
trial than at any period during the gust tour j
years. If, indeed, the agencies of force wore !
at once to give iace to the arts of peace, and
placid liberty regulated by law, tab pu ?-y.*, to
succeed the s\v- rd, the melancholy forcLodi- y
: the more thoughtful among us might yet
prove to be the vain fears of m ..i whom much
learning in history and an enlarged study ot hu
man nature have made timid. 1 sunen.h r my
self willingly, however, for the present .o the
cheering illusion oi th >-q who behove that mi
raculous power will again interpose, and a great
calm, at the word of command, follow the tem
pestuous raging of the sea.
The Democratic oiganLaiLu will, of course, .
be maintained. Surviving every cliat.ee of par
ty and policy from near the beginning' or' the
government to this day, often triumphant,
sometimes defeated, never conquered ? always
adherinrr, as u nation. ! organization, to the es
, sential principles of i's founders, but adapting
its policies, so far as these principles admitted,
to i 1.0 changing circumstances of the country; <
enduring even through the great dangers and
the nristakes of the past years, and at tiie end.
numbering ui2iuo*
voters in the States which adhered to the Union
—a number larger within the same States, than .
at any previous election—it needs now only re
organization and discipline to make it pow r- i
ful at once and .ultimately triumphant. Tor I
mv-elf, under no circumstances, will 1 consent i
that the Democratic organization be dissolve 1.
so long as it shall have vitality enough to hold
together. The masses of the party will never
agree to the surrender, whatever "the leac- '
so called, might attempt.
The fundamental principles of the Demo
cratic party, of course also, must remain un
" Lan r ed so long as our Federal system, or even
any form of democratic-republican government,
shall survive; and especially its true SrviC-
IhcHxs doctrine —not Nullification. net Se
cession, but the theory of our system laid down
in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of
1798, as interpreted by their authors; ti c or e
by Madison in his report in I■. atid the o.ti
er by Jefferson in Lis solemn official Inaugural
of ISOI. Thus interpreted they were, anu, I
doubt not, still are the constitutional doctrines
of the new President. So long as these consti
tute the accepted iheojw and the prat'.; e un
der ur system, therein be co consolidate .
government, either llepublic or Monarchy, ui
the States wliich now make up the American
Union. The other general principles ot the
Democratic party are but variations or amplifi
cations of the maxims, "the greatest goo; to
the greatest number," the interests ot ti • ma -
. "the rights of the many against t e exac
tions of the few" —axioms which, though tins'
J m ;g >gue may misuse or abuse them, lie, r. •-
ert ideas, at the foundation of ail democratic*!<
government.
But trne as all this D, it would be the ex
treme of fo'Jy not to comprehend and recog
nize that as to men and politic", the events of ,
the ;i.ist fuiir vc-.n;, and especially ot the L -
five weeks have wrought a radical djange. j
0.1 things have pas-od away : a" thing- '•••- .
come new. New bo -i; ; , as Mr. v coster sure
upon an oceari; n of far less significance, are
now to be opened. Ar. "v epoch in the Amcr
ican era has now been reached; at-1 he who
cannot now realize, or is riot willing to accept
this ..[eat fact, would d> -.veil to retire to Lis i
closet and confine himself to funebrial medita- j
ti !. over the history of the dead past or airy
s. cuhitioiis upon the impossible future. 11- i
-nay bur me an i: structor, but is not fit to be j
an actor in the stirring scenes vv.iicli are i.eiore
ire. The time will, indeed, come, an 1 may not
be far distant, when it will be justifiable am
may be necessary to inquire into tlie ct*s?> o!
the civil war just now apparently at an euu.
and to institute a"serutiny into tho measure cf
guilt of those who are responsible for it, as
well North as South: and it is fortunate that .
we have a President who, upon neither side, is
among its authors —unless, indeed, his support
of General Breckenridge for the Presidency in
IStIQ be reckoned up against him. In all else,
at least, whatever may have been Lis position
during the war, or shall be his course now, he
is guiltless. Upon the other hand, by our po
litical foe*, the line of conduct of those who
opposed war, demanded conciliation and inst.-t
--ed that the path of peace was the shortest,
easiest, cheapest road to the Union, ar.d ot
those who, marching in the same direction, but
along the rugged and bloody highway ot war,
denounced only the policies of the late Admin
istration, will be called in question. Tor my
self 1 am ready to answer, and bv the record to
be adjudged. If I erred, it was in the glorious
company of the patriot founders of our peculi-
(
VOUtIE CO.
jxEiV SERIES.
ar system of government. And now, accept-1
tag t. e i.ev order of things, I yet enter upon •'
no h fence for adhering to the last moment to !
the policies of those great men. adopted and ,
.-uncrire.re J as these policies were, by the second j
geoeraii in of American statesmen. So furl
from it, I w. . Id conform yet, as far as possible, I
to their teachings and practice. We may nut, !
indeed, be ready to follow the enthusiast who '
had rath -r err with Plato than be right with !
oilier urn; Y-- neili-ivr are v.e i.-.r tor- j
rented, I ir,:.-i. t, be obliged to apologize fori
;. .ej iiug V> -'hi gt :i, Jcti'-rsoa, Sherman, !
liunniiun, V 'bst r, Ulay, a:i i Jack on, as ex-j
ir.plar worthy of Mudy ani imitation. Hut :
tie.y were c. i.se 1.. ; acir eiv and generatiou.
1..t us be wi-e in ours. Y bother theirs was j
nvl the true w 1 JIU lor us also in the long run, j
ren.Mnsto lw seen; for tiiecr.d is not yet. And '
be that as it amy. fin any n. m to Lave erred as '
f the advent, progress, durtuiou or final issue '
of a ci vil War wi. • .-h bun mociceu, so . the ;
prescience of the . ; est i latest.- .i of well '
the Cl-.i Woi'la . the If- is i, disptu • a.cnt'
of any juJgmeut or aC e.c. ic;- t...in ibvirie. ?
In any I I g It. .1 it i-e annouia ed that
upon all questions of vjiiieiauriun up to tins ;
point, I arit '-paired oil" with tire Secretary of;
riuie, Lie. ff '-varJ. But as to the pro-sent and j
future, ai.a the -:w and stupendous questions j
which every day v.-ill now be developed, a pub- j
lie man's position must be determined, not by J
iris ml -.takes wL a-o aii hate erred, Lot i\y his ;
capacity, Lis integrity an i Lis patriotism. The :
day has passed when the party < pit bets upon ,
0:... 5i*,..., ....I \. ere a -.11..,
almost without excuse, even amM t-e rancor
eta civ.l ...,ri .... .--aat oi OrseuS
sio'i:, cuet.t r to- be tr-.t ia. u. Lo mu..
in the Democrati ■ ■ y . the hnitfa or ' e.-:t, j
c. is union or separation for its ov/o sake. Bui :
■C > C I 1
i any su> !;. re v. . la! eto the governta- at
cm C otfedera.y ; che his p.ieo wouid have:
b. ;n 1. '. e r... ba of I.r armies. Sou..-, indeed,
li-ia air.or.g us—a.-a wi;o, to-day, clianging '
tiiii. v miiiii .uro *-. worthiest ui ti uit. tiiiu
I .-j■ ioogly a-a ue ni lof their convie . .i —
b.-ii • ; that o.riy tin teu yorury recogni
tion v.; SouiLeru independence, could the Fed
eral I i/ton b##estored. Such, too, had been
the declarations before and in the beginning of
the war, of many distinguished men in the lie- j
r- ' t i' ! I-Drn. -<i ill L-.rU -1 >A. J
sition, in language me must umpuai- ,
if, going even to the extent of premature epa-1
ration. Tiie record of tlieso declarations re
maibut to quote tn.ni, or to name tho au- j
thors, i.- neeulcss. li.e argument, stands su.fi
cient of itself. t |
It ;i ;.jt that t!ie Democrats opposed either •
tie civil war - r th • peculiar policies upon whi li
It was c- adcctrei, that is to exclude them from
die ! tifiri nee of the j. -ople. .Scarce a promt- j
neat man in tiio I'epnbucan ran'is, unless
Democratic anteeed uitq from the late i'res -
dent down, but apposed—many of them with
unm?n?i r - -1 bitterac-3 an ! cr.ee—the prose- :
c;. i: mof the fiii'-d. u Mexicaa war. Devon. I ]
•vl; f./ ' i the Uui ret, tiie old Union, in any
e . : f - the '.. i not tiie Democratic party judgeu j
u.aii -ar iof ;t- policies s deiy by that
standard, aad upheld or opposed them accor- j
dinu -. i si-' pa.. . v.nd 1 itri. to taeqac.".iau
• it j;I •••en lu.tde the nftgect ci recent J
newspaper comment —wilt, indeed, certainly :
not follow the "Cnieago Platform' of 1881 as !
a poUiic d text boo!a now, any more than tue j
iicuubiican party, or its heirs or assigns, v. ill J
id pt the "Uhicago Piuiibrm" ol for the j
>ame purpose in the future; not that the. toruier .
was it I the vrery best practicable at lac p-vi
ci : . for the occasion which brought .. iorth ; j
bu bv ; u.-e. dealing in a time of war almost ;
L 'hv .puistii ns oi policy, not prmci. o. j
i: rid. in ti. l 'ol tis. a, be qui.e as inappru- I
... • r. ii the code of Justinian or the journals <
re-r th: Creiiriireital C c ..re-re All thrt need j
: • a.-Lot (' ." political loesi.-, that i; j
i,; ■ iot i oorr tly? the nu re espi i-riiy since,
! tnun work of a cootmUtet made up ot
! some ot the ablest and truest men in the Con- i
. autica, and adopted by that body tui.'tnuuous- ;
lv auri. l tiio rapturous applause cvf two iiur .-
; p. ■- >nd freer:.' a present or ti hand, it j
' urvtve.l but eight dais —dying of circumcision, j
: But there is v.L crown of glory, at least, during !
the terrible trials of the last iriitr years, richest j
bob ' the trees..r.-s of the Democralie party,'
• which cannot be takca uway. If it shad so
! happen ihat to the lCepuuiicttn party is due the
mor of maintaining the Unioa, to the Democ
racy the country is indebted for the preverva
i tion of whatever remains ot that other and t
j ven dearer birthright of Americans—Co.reti
i tut ional Liberty and private r;g..t.
I But laving all these questions aside for the
; r.r-— i l l , i tru-t that ad incti who, in t.*e o. .
ML. -in phrase, feel alike concerning the Repub
lic now, may be soon brought to net tog--there
IF- who cannot at this moment, fbr a season at
i least, forget his private gricis, or lay aside his
; i judtccs agains: uicn r.nd parties, lor the sake
cf his country in an hour ot trial which de
mands all the wisdom of the wise and the ut
| most firmness of the stouted-heartcd arnoug us,
is too much of a partizan to be any thing ot a
patriot. Foriunately among poutiuur ■ the !a
--! bor is usually not uifiieult. I the melancholy
! reflection of Cicero, in his later years, were well
conridrired and just, that true friendships are
most rarely found among those who concern
ihemselvres in public ati'airs, it is quite certain
alo that perdurable enmities are equally rare
with them. And it is the motive, not the new
association, which marks tiie caango Oi P ;; . re
habitudes, as patriotic or corrupt. It was not
th.i mere i—ct t .at T i> x a.v.l Bar.to united i.i o
alition with Lord North, that made tiieui aii
! odious to the British people, but because the
purpose and circumstances of the coalition were
! unpopular and not just. Here and now the
war having accomplished ail that the sober and
' rational among its-advocates ever claimed ior it
Freodoia of TaougLt and OpiniDa.
BEDFORD, PA., FRIDAY MORNING, JUNE 9, 1665.
! —the breaking down of the chief military pow
er of the Confederate Government—we have
reached the point where all that class among its
, supporters, of whatever parly, must now unite
iwi'u the IricmD of peace and conciliation, in
' exi au*:ing all the arid of statesmanship, to the
; en 1 that a speedy and perfect pacification, and
! wi'.i' it, a real an , cordial re-union, may be se
cured. The questions which belonvt to a state
of war are, in their \ ..y nature and from no
joeaaUy, tot*Hy dritinct front those which arise
j upon a fessatioti ot hostilities. Men who have
! hitherto agreed on ot! er issues, will diiler v.i I -
j ly now, and new party associations must follow.
■ T!:e hcrc-litary supporters of tho President just
inaugurated, inuM not assume that, a Emitter
i of course, the Democratic party will bo found
jin opposition upon the- - questions. Da the rec
ord up to tiie day when the Fxecative < Lice, 1 v
re." on of a hum' !e crime, vru< forced upon him,
• a ia.-.lt differed from that party only, or
; ..-hi -)'-y% a to the fact and the manner of pros-
I ecutirig the war. Nvt responable ftwrdHv i Ina
j , .... * O
!u;t" or oniitteu by the late Admirisira'ri
; v/hercof the Democracy coti'.piair.ed, now that
the war is ended, he begins Lis chief taagj .ra
j cy without past diileretice in principle or pres
; ent separation as to policy. In any a; vent, he
| is entitled at the Lauds of the Democratic par
! ty to a fair, candid and el sari table consideration
j ol the several measures which be shall propose;
| though most assuredly at tho same time, it will
; lie tho duty of that party to render a strict,
j firm and fUtrless judgment up > i them and to
, act a 'Caitiiiii.ly as they sha'd be I'-iar.d to merii
. op;. .or to detent.! opa.-iiion. I* ir.rir ■
a.; r to be lufi'viitcu r ti:it *L Gvti. c-her
tUtti; may root t.are L---1 the aotl rity—ur-' ! :e
I citri .re! none t r Urns- L, re. :rrin ' all to the Ex
: .—' is plan c f I'a-Li -mL ,i atid He-union
"a - i.ji promptly c-afirm-.i fy the i'rc.-id.-nt.
i It was c-mci.c, comnrehenave, complete: i.rov- .
.
I ulii; It' A \ -i. V.'. vTv- 'ti UIC k ...'Ji. 'i
.- :u:-.. nia.-shiy. ihuu graud and triumpiuuti ia
•the art of w.ir. nc it would have tnado
, . imii . vO cilici sir-..- * fit hi t' f
'l\ ■■ ij to t •'•■ Z. vGi (til ■!■ j ills ',v;o iris proud
' cougrutul-itory boast . > iris army at the end of
, tic gr. at str _gle, and not of any \ ictory in iho
; field. D. i .a. g ihe armed military hosts of
ri.e Couth !cr y. iii- ...in, at the was to
Coi. ;u. rth h- ai.s oi i#s people sib a.. lto be
exulted tiius as the Hero ot I'eacc —t..c only
true heroism in civil war.
L pon the great question oi i.; -CON sfft uc it ox, '
A i f a-u-bjc accept u
reject whatever measures may bo proposed. If
ihe policy which tin. Frcsident may recommend
shall appear, upon a calm and deliberate scru
tiny best adapted in general to secure a speedy,
complete, cordial and lasting pacification upon
: the basis ot the Federal Uui in ot the States, it
: will, in my judgment, be lit and just that the
Democracy, w uiving .. . minor points ol detail,
I lend to him a libera:, earnest and patriotic sup
port in carrying it into execution, it,
ether ban 1, it s.- such can Fat make that
'solitude which c nqu rf rs .--.ili peac-.'; or, worse
: it poSiin.e, that peace which ha:ig> like a black
j and heavy j...h. over Hungary, Ireland, Dalaad,
i thru it wid 1 .: 'be dut- oi the Democratic p.vr
j tV, W.'.L uCttflfiK.CU tt:ni-.-sS
I to interpose such constitutional an.i tegul op]>o
| hi'., aa r.. . I vjuat md efficient, in! ei;!. r tho
! President shall be inn red to change heh his
j Cabinet and '-he measures io which they may
I hiiVe advised him, or the people, peaceably
| through the ballot, s!.ah be ei.ab:eJ to s; ure
j pu ification and Union by a change cri Adiuin
! istratioii and of polic.e-. I say a change, in
J part or in whole, o. tiie Cabinet, in advanceo>
tlic clcctiot;: b. c rinembeiinglhe j-ecaliar
j circuii stain ? under win :ii the office i. a to the
; President, hi advisers, "the Ministnare ra
j ti.cr to 're liel! rcspon-:- .c 1 r..i hims•:.
J to '' c -i'lv- vcxc! qo. -..0.i0. tiaccTj ,
i alio -, i.-.. to fa; for my . !., that tiooi the v- ry
jj;-t to !• •!, vi he-;: i-icncyandp i -.iteace,
1 I opuobcd all agitation of the subject; not tor
! {Jjo s; :.e of the instituti u —l repeat it, not for
i tiie .-reke ■ f the instilut; -a, hat bccauso I uad
i been taught uy tho Fathers to believe, and dki
: ■• lie vi, t 'nit it c -tu ciul only in civ it i- •
i\ tiisurrioti. ten.;.are.ry or e-oivi.ri—v.dwliicr
iLLt or wrong, let the history of trie last rear
years decide. The price has now been weighed
out and in part paid. A heavy score yet re
mains. But i will not essay tu reckon up and
u' ju.-t the a 7 Vila.rs accounts of tu bt and tax..-
tion, ol stitieiing, crime anu bioou iii tuc past
or yet to come. Again I accept the fuels, re
i juiced, indeed, if under the u.-.w things,
! we and our children may enjoy the t-..uio mea-
I sure of prival" happ.uess and public prosperity
' whic'i was I't-rmittcJ to u ; anu to our lathers
ic: r tne O . knun, fc, p..rt itc i..id part tice.
'An 1 now, if wiiho.it slavery, re-union and a
i pae.iication real, sincei-, and i..>tn g, to c .ii.-.
| with v. eifaro and security to the people ol ah
lac States, caii bemuuesore, let s.aveiy utlet.y
' perish. But in no event, 1 t the question stand
any longer in the way. I still would prefer the
Union, the Federal Union, the OH Union —yes,
j "the Union ;.s it was, under the Constitution as
jit is"—to either slavery or the abolition of slave
j ry- Fanatics at home, and envious, supp&nt
i ing statesmen abroad, may not be able or wil
• : ling to comprehend this conviction: every true
; and liberal-ininded Aiuelican patriot will.
The tatal mistake of the houtii —her "Hun
! ! dor," wLi< li a falsa morality pronounces v/ors
' than a crime, was in ignoring the great Auierf
; cat. iiea of One Coentuy —not an impulse, noi
•I u yrcoept, not a mere aspiration of nationa
- vanity, but a commandment written by the fin
• irer of God upon the rivers and mountains anc
L the whole face of the land, and graven thenc
- upou the hearts of tiie people. It was this, noi
i ' anti-slavery, which held the border slave Statei
s j ui the Union, and stirred, for good or evil, tin
V. hole North .red West to such exertions of mil
? itary, naval and financial force, as never befor
I were put forth by any nation, -knd it was thi
t ' grand and oervading national senliia*mt. hcdge>
by the sanction of destiny, which, according to
the mi asure of my abiliiy, I undertook to ex
poun 1 end ji.vri.fy in the House of 10-preseuta
lives, in 18J3, and by this line of argumenta
tion to establish that tiie Union through peace
was inevitable. Nothing but the violence of
au iut.w.-e counter-passion, and the terrible pres
sure civii war, c"olu iiave suppressed, even
for a rime, the power of this sentiment anr ng
the j-eop'e oi the Fou.7 also. Hud their lead
ers tbihurue to demand . ;puration and a dis
tinct g vcrnmcnt, adhering to the old flag, and,
within ti . 1 .c.cii uiuu-r t!- 'Coiistifntiari, firmly
but juci!), re t-h'' ' new r ir.ran'c-:-.- for old rights
believed to be in peril, they migut not, indeed,!
Lave had barren and deluding sytnpailiy from
sut jec.s. and fai.-.- hi: nof as; istaoce iroin kings
and c'i.p.-ors ia ;,u;o i e, e.-,.-.-r fur the decL.ua
' and fall of the American D.public; but they
would irevc been cheered by tho cordial greet
iur-s a 1 the acrive sani-.'-rt of finally an over
, - , " ,
v. hi iu ug majority oi tire States uud people ol
t! Yves: a... North- But when tin.;.- estab
lish. re. j . mam-iii distinct gov-, i uaicnt, ur.d
took up aims -or indeper.den-m, they marked
out between tiit-ta a:, i t-.-, a hi;ri; wailaad deep
ditch v.--Lidi no man, North or . -kit, could pas.-
.vi -I AI U .. i. -A.: —. .UC ; wl trC.li-11*
TLey went beyond the teaching-) - b their own
great, -t &:ates;nen of the past age; for Mr. Cal
houn himself Lid declared, in 1881, that "tho
abuse 11 power, on pare of the agent (itie Fed
eral Government), to tire injury of one or more
of t mcinbers (ihe States), would not justify
5-Cv.um or. their pare; tnere wouid be neither
the ri_.it r ' ate pretext to r.-ccue." No matter
ho . .. . .. S ■ 11. .■ -U. 0.. vA' I'f Aii.-
tvoii i . i.reigo wnim ..ci •.......y io re..r, nor v.i.nt
the .. • I. v.- nr.-i claract cof the war after its
iuceptfeu—;,nJ nncii both these questions len
it-: t ai.e. t opinions as fixed as
t':C a r.- k o tar as tie r,o.tt!j iougfii l%ji a
separate guvernu fit she stood whpl'y without
aympatay or support in the States which ml-1
hetv.; to ti.-. ri.ri ... Yfi:at; ver ei.e may hap- ;
pen, liet viSH ; tudcpsnsciico h..s now tncii- j
c i into air. ia t-i-r appeal to amis—uisintain
c-ii ur.-.;- tj -re s for lour years with a cour- .
age are! endurance grandly hi i,;ic—*she Las fir;!- !
' cd; find though it had' happened iSHierwise, j
stiii, in ray •' iibcrnte conviction, her exjeii
nreut cf di-tiact goverumcat would have tailed
also- Bui ti.j sole qa rstiofi really decided by
the v. ■ r. as by yrece years before it had been
' setireri, was that two severed government s could
niit txi.-t sunv.-ng the States of the American
to e. i , Al-jJ here whole controversy ought •
it end here. If upon this point, the "Crilten
den J-! solution" uf July, 1861—proposed too,
at the same time, in the Sen it?, by Andrew
Johnson —should be modified, let it ru all else, i
both in spirit ami letter, be exactly carried out. 7
But whatever policy may now be decreed —and j
1 trust it will be a wise, a liberal, a healing pol- j
i —is the part or wLUurn for the people of
the B -nth to acqui. • e ; returning wholly and
cordially to the Union, thus making it once a* |
gain a union u> coos exit, a union ot hearts ax.ri
L;.;:ri. : oar ;s and their fathers ma L- it
at fir Ti ea will the pa-.-ions of th - r ernt
terrible strii. speedily behußhed. Already ma-'
lions in the North and West re rerel tliera as
bretiu -a si 1, id in a liti' j wbiic se millions
will 1 >: •j: ?(: v:\6i majority ui tiio jjeopid, a
v, ill s\c to it that the solemn pledge be redeem
ed and the Union restored ••with all the digni-:
ty, equality ati-t rights of the Several States un
impaired." With slavery, the people of the
South will pre .-per within that Union, a? before.
Without shiver . i. in a wise ami judicious way,
it shall Ire ab- isl.ed, they must, in less than a
.-ingle generation —except possibly as to two or ,
' vl:;'--. Stat- —become inure populous, prosperous
! powerful than any other section. And tho'
cv- ry Fouth-.-rn State Government should be rc
orgarri... -d —an act Loiii impoli.ic ar.d unneccs
-.(E>—-'.'et . . t - 1 years, a. I.lll' Federal system
survive, tlie whole people of every State will be
restored to all their rights withmtheStale, and
the t-icuth hold, along with aii her citizens, the
' s,Aii. -■ positi' n CI equality find intiueuce which
she he-id liftv years ago. 'lLis ia the lesson ot
. history, tiio law of human nature; and no nar
' row, sut'prei.-ing spirit ot tovsnga or oi Lgut
" j- - and sectionalism, in the form of test oaths
and teasing, restraining, denying regulations
i , without number, can si ay the inevitable result
- — no} -iot even though it should succeed now in
1 controlling the cuv.: and iiAiiitiiry power of the
- Federal Government, and,
t "Dressed iu s Utile brief autbority,
plav suck Untatac ..-ir £ .s briu.o higb Heaven,
As make tbe a:.gi is wet-p."
But, to return; as to tiie time and manner,
• as we'd as the results of abolishing slavery, and
<-ra.ost of aii, vhal chalt be doae witkthe.\j
' g/o, ttie power and. re^p-oii^.L.Lty arc .i.ixe .villi
the Auniiniotr--.il >n; and again it will ie lor
: t . Dciu.ocre.ti-- party, guided by the light M its
i ancient j retreq-i-; aud lot anxg c-aly totne paot.e
f good, simply to accept or reject.
1 The uiiestiou oi ttie p riitical anu social status
± of the negro, is essentially and totally distinct
, truin the i- - ire oi African servitude ; ana any
S man may have Ken or be yet radically anti
- slavery, without being a friend to negro sullVage
- and equality. * P. rty spirit or pre; are, indeed,
- has driven many into support of the doctrine,
e cuntrarv t.'both impulse and conviction; but
now the issue is changed. Outside of slavery,
the negro, where aumtttcd to res are 111 .1 State,
3 ouHit to L ihe equal of every other man in all
!- legal rights and reraedi .s, just as is the female
>t or the minor. But political rights and social
il usage are questions which cacti State and eom
-- munity or individual must bo permitted abac
d to decide. AaaJ four millions of arc
:e not 10 become tiie wards and pupils of tbe
>t whole American people, nor the Federal Gov
:s eminent & vhsL instituliou niaut
ic up of guardians and trustees and professors aac
1- Echool masters for the negro population. What
rc ever partv now, with the pressure ot anti-slav -
is cry and war removed, undertakes the tasa, v.-;l
d fail before the popular reaction. Not the peg
WHOLE IVi:TIBER, 3113
' [tie only, but a large majority of the army and
: of its bravest and ablest officers, and foremost
among them the gentleman whom I Lave already
named with honor, are determined i:i tin ir hos
tility to the whole doctrine cf negro suffrage
and equality, and to iJ= natural and necessary
but unci ;:i Curoliary, '■■<;.r-jeiiatw-i. And it is
not a qu-.-stioa of religion or philanthropy, at
slavery was assumed to be; but of pure poli
tics. Women, cantors and aliens are ailko ex
cluded from pdiiicitl r.Jiis upon groan.ls of
publie policy ; and yet ail are of tiie human
{amih—nay of our own race, and more yet,
arc, many of them, our own mothers and sis
ters and wives ami brothers. A far higher and
more impelling public p ei ry, enforced by the
example of Mexico and other republics an i
countries of uiixed racer : t of one common |
stock, art 1 i'fty fc'.d n; re e-.-en:': i now if four;
millions of African slaves are to be set free at 1
once aM.'U.v us, i-n'.jC'.l [ i.c.sl c' in.i'.y to in
negro, w here v. .i deny it to our own Irish and
bk.ud <iii-1 to those of our own aou- hr ; . Si.xj
Mr. Jrilvrsun forty-lour yeas? a turd ci'.er 1
the Miss.,. Question t
"Nothing is more certainly written hi the'
riv.k of lute, tuau that these people i
.-iavc-s) ar<; to be irec; nor, is it less certain that
the two races, equally jf'nx, cannot live in tl.
am*.* gov.mmcut. Nature, li.A.t. opinio knee
drawn iiuhiible lines of distinction between :
tUCtii.
And he advised gradual emancipation and;
deportation. Keivui ri.;s both the difficulty
end the danger cf dealing r..-.v with slaver.* in
the South-
Upon the question cf the pc'.iiiea! rights of i
t •* . \ : iV- 1. '..c ...UHt U.IJ rc;ll'UlWIl
of i lie monarchists* of Europe. Wht i they
suuu l.ava introduced uiuvocuii v mie nibfug-*,
r 3i. v. d the .us ibihu - imposed upon m.!h .us •
I of their own t• e c:-,, and abolished all titles of {
nobility ami mho; be inctior..- of i auk, it will'
be ;1 " enough ibr them i; again interpose in
;.• * •; uncri.* atibhs Ann: an Republic.
On this question, too, the Democratic party
b.? a record which it cannot reject. It has pro-J
. maim- 1 ih;.t though ail men, ot w: Merer race,
may be equal before the municipal law, yet.
' that the trer* nsnients here were made by white
meu lobe controlled by the white race. But
he this as it may, th- entire question, whether
slavery remain or be abolished, belongs solely 1
to the people of each State to <! ;c.ide for them- '
SCivCs> ft ' tiiC YYflGro tic Oi'V oi U tut ty - tClil OI
' governments has been surrendered, and the sys- :
• letn itseif is perished.
lietftoeiaiiic .r„;.y-o Pus nnon _whicn w— ;
l.y every principle of ius being, by its very name,
. by its whole recoixi, it is iueiturnbly
to hostility to all violation of freedom u speech
i and of the press; to arbitrary arrests and mil
itary commissions for the trial upon any charge, i
of citizens m hmtc.s and pmces where the juui- ;
cir.l tribunals v.; r. i TRIAL. B\ JURY, are unob
structcd ; to armed or corrupt intenerence with
! elections ; and to the whole host of other wrongs !
done to public liberty and private right. Tu.-ve
can ... A be ncace, quiet, or —dearest, most
needful to me uciirt, .bfi]®H4 oven
' physical heel;:; to the nyStem—the sense of se- ;
cuiitv, till all these shall hu'v been removed
|fr m 08. 15m upon this chiefbst question or
! constitutional liberty, the Democratic party no
ringer stands alone. A large mrjoriiy ot the
I masses ui tb® Republican t :rlv, some among
their must influentiid presses, and many of t!i*e
ablest and bravest public men ot that party, as
the votes and the j * .vriu, i iuo.y . jtoecnc.-.
in the Senate and House at the iate session at
test, arc wholly with us. It the President
would, ly on? word, secure the largest public
confidence, let him forthwith restore the habeas
corpus and proclaim a a end to ali these instru
ments of tyranny and oppression.
As to the "Monroe crictrine,' I do not uoui t
that its .-needy enforcement would tend more
loan any oilier cementing agency, to unite the
r pplg of all sections. Wit bout tne viodica*
tion of ti.ut doctrine, the iiir-sioQ ot Manifest
D. stiny will have been but half achieved, and
• the blood and treasure spent in our civil war
largely expended in vain. I.: on the aronroe
.1 doctrine, England is estopped to make any issue
with us, and mu l remain at peace.
I have said r.odur.g upon questions of h'i
n;:iC3 —debt, taxation, tariff-, a disordered cur
rency and impending bankruptcy, inese are
the inevitable penalties of war. But they are
tniscl iefs which have scarce yet been le.i. Suf
tieicnt, abundantly Sttfficieut unto the day will
, be the evil thereof.
tho Dcsnocrutic party or*
, gaoii.ution, with new policies arising out oi the
i issues ot the nuur, many oi them to e.i..mo for
- a life-time, it is essential, in my judgment, that
i a new vitality also be infused into it- In num
• bers it is more powerful than at any former per
-5 iod. That it was unsuccessful has been, at
; times, but the fate of ail parties. In tae charac
ter, ability, eloquence, integrity and io\e of
s country o. its public men, and toe general in
l tellrieiica, honesty and patriotism oi its mas
/ sc-s, ii may cballonge comparison with any party.
- But for seven years, and more, it has lacked uu
e' ity of purpose, and therefore energy of action.
, | During the war especially, with the coutrol oi
, but two States out of the twenty-three which
t adhered to the Union ; without power, patron
, a T e or influence in the Federal Administration,
, and therefore vvi.hout any special organization
t or agency authorized or permitted to prescribe
e a common line of policy and prompt united tie
.l lion upon the new question daily arising *, and
.- with the most vigorous ui>J vehement central
0 . authority against it ever known, wielding ahkv
c the clamor of patriotism and the cry of religion,
e acting in politics, upon military principles ami
- through military instrumentalities, and to the
,e whole power of iho purse and that purse tin
d i entire wealth of the country, and the whoh
i- power of the sword and that sword the entin
- : fighting population of the country, adding :
11 ! supervision and constraint over press, speech
j-' nersua, railroad, lightning, highway, steamei
Ttates d Using
Oce square, one insertion, tl 00
One square, three insertions, 1 CO
One square, each additional insertion CO
* 3 months. 6 mouths. 1 year.
One square, St 50 $6 00 $lO CO
Two squares, 6 of) 9 00 16 00
Three squares, 8 00 12 00 20 00
Half column, 18 00 25 00 40 00
One column; 30 00 -15 00 SO 00
Administrator* and lixecutors' notices, S3 00.
Auditor's notices, if under 10 lines, $2 50. Sberifi 's
sales, Si "<C per tract Table work, double the
above rates; figure work 25 per cent, additional.
KstraySjCauiionsand Notices toTrespasser*. $2 00
for three insertions, if not abote 10 lines. .Mar
gate notices, 50 cents each, payable ;r. advance.
Obituaries over five iiues in length, and Resolutions
of Beneficial Associations, at half advertising rotes,
payable jn advance; Announcements of deaths,
gratis. Notices in editorial co'amns, 15 cents per
line. CS"*"No deductions to advertisers of Patent
Medicines, or Advertising Agents,
VOL. 8, NO. 15
I and telegraph, all thy modes of /tction and of
. I locomotion and every vehicle of thought, such
alone as the fabled liti ueas mi. lit be apposed
- able to exert; with ever- : ;>i : ,i;CB of Gth
Church and State, and of mi..! and business
organization comlh: J , t it, it is rather
: i aatu/i-qt that the- Dem ■■ Ac party did not
;-:;a-h, than woiide ..:i that it slmoU exhibit
sigr.j of p u iiul }...• .lysis. To-day, inde it
! li' - J a powerful but inert jonrs, yet needing only
a new ii.b-hloju, a fix: a vitality, the "protue
| thean fire," to b Lifus/d into it. There ure
j those yet among the IN ir.tr who v. u\: net.es
' peciaiiy in Jacks- n's day, an J ln.my, younger
' than I am, v,h :> i era r when lac party was
! a rotvEi: in ihc country, exert:! / all (he energy
' without any pa: i i f u.j terrorism of tiia lata
j Administration. "Ck, for an hour of Oil
| Dundee Without more of courage, mare vig
; or, more ami y. if soaj' - in vrrrq'
J with great questions as in former tears, the
■ Democratic party cannot, ought not to survive,
a., :ii to sue. •it .• younger cod
mo: .\ : ..il k>\. I. i. .j remain in
pre- a' c. t..<. no.v i,.c be :i
--' ning of a now epoch in ftahitp a&nrs, it wera
; fur b, iter /it sLo .1 Li burieu out o; sight
,v iiiiC. O-I ,* L i.o iJI i.uvi-: t.■.*. , ■ ~cil
-novo v. th/ut en /. . .n, and waste its superflu
ous v. or the air. ".Rightly to be great
not to s:L without great argument; and it
may or a.-..,a. Leiorc poiie.es and a-a cs are
.sutiicieQtly defined to require it to act at all.—
Cut the repose of cansci .as power and the leth
argy of tiireatecci tiisroluUot: are very difibretit
j 1 have (Lis: . 1 n.-w wh .i 1 vv.'.id Lave .rid
1 * '* -, i-a _ ... _ .*. „jr ;i.".t_' ii~.l . UG
, v ill VI U. i Lav vj-hiav ;.y diw,
! I repeat, wholly to conjecture and suggestion;
■; and desire i; especially to hi feuiemlfefed that
vvi.itcu tl e more f.!y. because, inasmuch us
5 will* ...r single exception of the hoaortd Gov
r ..a w Jer-e,, no member of th.-Deun
crati party : . :....! >ri y-4pew oven ore In
oltice any waers, though among ti.esa are ramu
o! '• : uj cia;ne:.i—each b - uu equal right
to :-pea.; to an; 1, r r.iiu.nscl freemen who
make up tii3 ranks of iLat parly. I am per
suaded, i . ... .. ' . , by pursuing a tare cf poli*
cy wholly <ii*icrv:ii i: -:i tl. it I Lnvc
gcslod ; iy r g. .1 middle ground; by of
tenng persistent arid ir.dl- liminate opprsitioo
tu the Ad mit.let! at ion : by waiting with cua
r.ing and unpatriotic patience for and seizin
"l' "f-; 4 - . -y u;,.-; ng and
tcoei hrvard.-u- qu.as which arc to be met
.now and decid.d ' y t' •? President uad his ad
visers, the Democratic party would, after some
years and in the natural course of events se
■ cure, through tae forms of the Constitution.
■ • -.Wo! of virn:r.vat, v.ir.it the power and
unepiciti: ".ably the will, set on fire theu by "pa
th .t search and vigil long," to take ample and
vi rev ng-r for vv/oags real and imaginary.
Such is t1..: hi.-.wiy of all rev. lutioas and all
great popular convulsions. But I still seek
peace and would ensure it, and ,;:.ow well that
ami after the event, as for years
past, the country would be the victim at last.
Patriotism and the public repose alike forbid it.
C. L. V ALLAN DIG HA/.L
; Dayton, Ohio, May 5, 1865.
: Hor ilature Covers up Battlo Fislie.
"Did I ever trii you," says a correspondent
of an casteru paper, among the affecting little
thin > or 3 i always seeing in these battle-fields,
"how on the ground upon which the battle of
; Bull Run was fought, I saw pretty, pure, deii
• I cata flowers growing out of the empty amtmi
r uitioa L ixe.", and a v.'-id rose thrusting up its
. j graceful h/al through the top of a broken drum,
• | which doubtless sounded its lust charge in that
battle ; and a cunning r.carlet verbena peeping
out of a fragment of a burstcd shell, in which
• irar.g pot it was {.'..tilted; was n. *ti at peace
. growing cat of vrar . Even so shall the Icauti
■ i tul and graceful ever grow out of the horrid
. and terrible tbDgs ti. ;t trar.-aire in this cliang
■ ing but ever advancing world. Nature covers
| even the battle-grounds with verdure ar.J biuom.
■ ' Peace and plenty spring up in the track of the
• devouring campaign; and all things in nature
: and society . hall Work out the progress of mac
: ; kind."
.
i ! Tut: liusrasu or Richmond. —Gen. Eweil
i denies over hi.- own signature Laving given or
• j ders for, or being privy t the burning of Rich-
I '< inond, on its evacaatian by tl.e Confederate.
: j troops. He attributes it to the outside mob.
- j let A. woman is either worth a good deal* or
- j nothing- If good for nothing, she is not Worth
(get.; '2 ' •"! -us for ; if sne be a true woman,
- j she Will give no cause Ijr jealousy. A. man is
f! a bra: .ij be jealous of a go. 1 woman —a fool
- be jealous of a worthless one; but ne is a
- double fool to cut Lis throat for either of them.
- j ea-It is stated that while only five revolu
■ ! tionarv pensioners are alive, there nre one thou
-1 > sand four hundred and eighteen widows of
h much pensioners alive and drawing pensions.
November, Charles Jones, of Mar
11' ing'.on, r.liuois, lust bis wife. Next month ho
■6 ' married ngrun. Last week the first wife's body
•" as exhumed, and s;rychninefound in thastom
d ! ach- Jones is in prison.
■M *-
c ixa /L Ay motlest ;ady Uodir
in? *■ o'i u cliicken at tie t;:b!? shi'l, iII tu,ko
d rjic part that ougi.t to te dressed in drawers
ie A nice yoaug gentleman who sat opposite ita
mediately said, I'll take the part that ought to
' e wear the bustle.
■e j *
a CirA critic, malignant enough to tell the truth,
J, says that the most awkward thing in nature A
t a woman try log to run