" THE BEDFORD GAZETTE m rußLisneu EVERT f RIDAV MORNING BY B. F. MEYERS, At The following terms, to wit: $2 00 per annum, if paid strictly in advance. $2.50 if p'd within 6 months j $3.00 if not paid withm 6 months. CJ?"No subscription taken tor less than six months fr3"N'n paper discontinued until all airearages are paid, unless at the option of the publisher. It has been decided by the United States Courts that the ■'opptee of a newspaper without the payment of arrearages, is prima facie evidence of fraud and is a criminal ollence. Qy i'he courts have decided that persons are ac countable for the subscription price of newspapeis, It they take tbem from the post office, whether they subscribe for them, or not. business Cariis. JOfvIPH W TATE, A TTORXEY AT lAW BZDFORP, PA. Will pro,, ptb. attend to Codectioc and a ! hust ce4 < er,misted to b,s care, in Beeioril and adjotntag counties. Ca.-b ■' dvmteed on judgments, nolts, military and other claim*. , -. r Ha* for Town lot; in latesvife, and M. .Ir>- icnh's, on Bedford Railroad Fatmsand i uimotov. 1 l 4P ,t trom one arr. to 150 scie? To s.i.i pun-h .s.-i*. Oilier n' ailv opposite tie "Afengei Hotel" and B bk of Re* 1 ** bc'iell. April 1 , 1-64 —ly M- A. POINTS, ATTORNEY AT LA'V, Bit b FORD, P.!. Respectfully oti-is his professional services to the public. GiTOffice wi'h J. W. I.ir.i. nlrl'.e , K-:ij , on Juli ar s"r r, t, two South of the ; House. Beul'oul, Dec. 9, fit. JP. BTTRBOF ROW, ATTORNEY AT LAW, BE O FOR n. PA. OfKi-e our ,ioni Sou'h ct !be "Merge! Will Alt. n.; p.on p'iy '.r a I bu-in- * entrusted to r.i* cure in B-dto'd ami adjoining count in Having abo hm n f!y licensed to p:oseco' claims ga:rot th- Governm-n' pa. ticu ar attention v:l) be given to the collection ot M iiitarv clai'n* o? all kinds; pei.tiOLs, back pay, bounty .bounty oa-is, Apr:! 1, 1304. ESI*Y M A ESS P, ATTORNEY JTLLAIr,l r , BEDFOPD. PA. Will faithfully and prompt'y atiem! to all bu-ioe. entrusted to his care in If* 'llorU a'.*l a- jOiiuiig coti ttee. Military claims, b ck pay, bounty, .S-e.. pee !T V co'iect d. Citce with Mann k Spang, on litliana street, two door. Sou ti of the Meiiget House. .lan. 22, 'CI. F, M. K1.M.,1 "Ll.. !• W. LItGrSTFLTKR KIAUHKLL & LIMGSJ9FF L? ER, ATTiRMiYS AT LAW. RELFOHD. PA. CTJ-llave tormed a partnership in the p-actce of the Law. Office on Juliana atieet, two (loots South •f tbe"Met>gel House." g. a. spang, ATTORNEY AT L\w. BEDFORD, PA Wtii promptly attend fo collections and all busi ness enmi'teii to his care in Bedford and adjoining co'inties. QyOftce on hiliana Street, three doors south of the --\fengel House,'' opposite the residence of Mrs. l'ute. My 13, 1864. .1 0n \ p r. KV B, attorney at law, Bedford, r\., p. /ieef fatly tfii'/frt hi* tfrnre to thf Public. tjyOlfice second tioor Sorth of the Mer.gel •Home Bedford, Ate, L lbftl. JOV. X P*LV ER , ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEnFOPD, PA C7"VVi|i jycmptlv attend to *'l business en!.-lis ted to hi* rare. Office on jiiltanna Street, (r.ear "J opposite the Merge I House.) Bedlam, Aug. 1, ISCI. \. H; COFFIOTH, ATTOR NLV AT LAW, Fomfift, V*. Will hereafter practice regularly in the several j Courts of Bedfo' 'ei hi piof<-ssloi.ul services to the citizens of Bedford srnl vicinity. Olfive on U'f,t r tt cfreef, south side, nearly op po i'e the I'njori Mulcl, B'-i'ioru, Fbrtiat v 12, 1664. T. M MAPBOUFG. M. D , Sr H FI,T, SB U R G PA. Tende r s iiiCjic'ifesXttnfir'eOrvlppa to th° p-wv'p nf ♦fc-t place u'! vicinity ■ Office frrtmVctjtitety crv-o site Tlfr'stflTB 1 V T sv... r- T-otv-in. in the rtotri for BCerly orciip,. i py J. Henry tjctieii. July LIS64, D.UH!) D r ri3 \!JGr?, G U N S M I T S! , lit tirovtn, l\v., Wo'k e hop same b fornwily oc<- ;i p>,t i,y John BortJ-r, VtvateJ. Ritf ,*s i"l o'h r v'"n made to ~r Jtff, fn r'l- be-f s vl' and on rea .natile terms. Spe ,,a; s£tutiyq vyiff be given to ih- repairing o-' firv sr ii. July t, IS6 1- - ty . SifJi F.l KKTTES 'I J 3, RF.DFORIb PA., hereby notify the cilu-e ,-g ©f dedforil county. the* he has mover! o tie F.ju-msb ot Bed rfbtd. wi.-ere he way alllttiies b> I omul by person* ■wisbipg to so,, him, unless ah sent upon business pertain ntr to his oftic". Bedford, Aug. 1,1861. JACOB Jtrva , J.J. SCUELL, SfdUa.l, BAKKEMS, Jit DKALFRB IN EXCHANGE, RFfirJ BH, Pi-NN A. u/" bfi J Fi S bought and sold, collections made Hi rid it one- y promptly remitted, idstjo.' nOiicited. J. ALSiP & SON, &, iio:n;uiv'on Mercnants, BEDFORD, ? \ .* Respectfv"v sciicit co.'S S'imetits of Hoi tg and "Bbn-s, Orv Goods, Groceries, ricth.o.'. ..nd il kirttn of Mercbanjie for A U T ON PRIVATE sale. REFEKKMIES, ProroKD, PBil.p Fo .1 A Co., Hon. Job Mann, Boyd \ Hot,. IV. r. Dau^ber.y Armor You- y t< ??rc., I>. '• N.ejers. January 1, 1361—tt- A iVfcW KEX*iTIO.\ At Cheap Cor ier. J. B. FARQUHAR ha* bought out one of the best Blares in the County, and is a&ie now to eff-r TKV TH U'SAND DOLI-ARS WORTH OF GOODS TO THE PUBLIC, mU bought before the fe in prices, and will be sold cbeap for Cash. tail to call at Farqutar's before you |M>rrba*. J. B. FAKQUIIAR. Beyttmixsr B, 1864,. VOLUME 60. NEW SERIES. Select }3oetrii. "Tlis Beautiful Snow." ffonld anything be more off cting than the fol 'owii g 1 Its author's name is unknown, but he de serves a high place in the poetic ranks:] Oh ! the snow, the beautiful srt'ow, Filling toe ky and earth below j O.vr the hcuse tops, over the street, Over the heads of the people you meet. Dancing, Flirting, Skimming along; Feau'iinl rmv ! it can do no wrong, Flying to kiss a lair lady's cheek, dinging to lips in a fiolic-ome freak, Beautiful snow f.ora the Heaven above, Pure as an angel, gentle as love! Oh ! the snow, the beautiful snow, Haw the flake* jraiher and laugh as they go! Whirling about in iN nsadJ niag fun, It pUys in it* glee with eveiy one, Ch-sing, Laughing, Hurrying by; J" lights on the f ce, and it sparkles the eve; An I even the dags, with a hark ami a bound, Snap at the crystals that eddy around ; The town is alive, and its he rt in a glow, To welcome the coming of beautiful snow I Ilow wild the crowd goes swaying along, Hai'ing each other with humor and song! How :be gay ile.locs, like meteors flash by, - Bright to- the moment then lost to the eye , R.nging, Swinging, Dashing they go, Ovr the eruO of the beautiful enow ; Si ow o pure when i' falls .1001 the sky, l'> be tramp'ed in rnud by the ciuwd passing by. i <> be ti ampfed and Hacked r>y Uie thousands o: t e' a ill it blends wttll the filth in the horiihlo street. Once I was pure as the snow—but I fell < Fell like the snow flakes, from H-aven to Hell j Fell to be tra'np'ed as fifth of the street; Fell ;o be scoffed, to be spit on and fa-at; Pleading, Cursing, Dreading to die, Selling my soul to whoever would buy, Dealing in shame for a inoie| of bt-rad, ! Hating the living ant! _ea:in< the J-a ) ; Mcrcilul God • have J fa'len so low? And yet I was once like the beautiful snow. A MASONIC ROMANCE, Or the Masonic Talisman. BY AN OFKICEU OK THE V. S. A. Duiing the late Mexican war a lad of 10, ft liaring young Virginian, leaped a fence and t. earning down her checks, suddenly she recol lected that she was a Masons widow. Hope lighted up tier bosoni a' the thought —-she dried her tears and exclaims. •': . '"I v. ii! go ~nl U*>t t!ie ta'isinr.iiie power of i e J t tny hu.* ban I hived and rev r l-o na ii. Sir, oi l seme stiti' ins ot furniture, mid witli th- money reached Washington city on toot. In her dusty attire she entered the deritrt ment of the Secretary of War,, and with sutne d itkulty obtained an interview. As eUo eucer rl the apartment in whicli he was scaled, auJ he saw how dusty she appeared. -'Wei!, nia'aiu," whs '.he salutation ha gave her; but when sac removed her vail, and he saw the visage ot the hr*dy in her face, he hall raised hiLuse't in his chair ai.d pointed her to a seat- fine *ci Vera Cruz by the first steamer. By a!! j the officers she was treated with the prettiest j politeness and d'.ieaey, for they were ail .>la ! sons and felt bound to iter by tirs as strong and delicate us ill ise which bind a brother to a sis ter r.iui rejoiced in the opportunity offered them | of evincing the benign and noble principles cf the craft. j After a passage of five days she reached Ve ra Cruz, ai.d having a letter I 'otn tlie command ant at N< w Orleans to the A incite in Governor ! she sent i? to him, enel >. i-.g ihe taii.srnauic e.trd she teociv i Irom tl#e Grand aiaster at Wash ington. iae Governor immediately waited on her at the hotel, and offered her a transporta tion to Hie city of Mexico, b\ a train that would ; start the next morning The Colonel who coal man led the train, kindly took h -r in charge and offered her every facility ari l comfort on hr j uirney, provi led her witii a carriage. where the 'country was level, and with mules an] pal. i quii s over the mount tins, i l\ ithia ninety miles of the city they were ! overtaken by a detachment of dragoons escort* ! ing a government official to the General in command. Anxious to get on faster she asked p. rmis-ion of the Colonel to j in the detach ment, an i though informed of the finger and fatigue of riding all day on hoioTntk. she v.as wilting to brave ah, that she might, sooner see h i .-mi The Colonel then pro.ided her with a iicet nn. -Mexrc 111 pon\ and s*hv a sum ed her place with the. troops escorted by the j officers, and never fatigued till the towers of j Mexico were in sight. ! rihe reached thu city on the second day's bat -1 tie, and in the heat of the battle attempted to i enter the gates. An officer instantly seized the : bridle and told her she must wait until the city was taken "Oli! sir," she exclaimed, "I cannot wait one hour in sigist of the city that holds my Sou a prisoner—l must sec him, sir." 1 "The city must first be taken, madam," he ' again replied, with much emphasis, becoming j excite I. -1 yen not wait, sir," she replied, "my son maybe ill—lying in chains —tn a dungeon — one hour's delay may remove him l'wurt rue Oh! I must go to him—l will eioef the city "Madam," said the officer, - you cannot reach it but by crossing the Oattle-liold you will surely be killed." ".Sir," said h lady, "I have not traveled from Ynyrinia to the gates of the city to fear to enter them- thanks tor your kindness —a thou sand heartfelt thanks for you aui the officers who have been so kind to me. I shall always remember these officers with the most grateful feeling* of my heart —but ilou'i detain me loti ■rer. Yonder t* a gate that leads to the city. i w/u. e.ite.- it i.i scat eh of my dear boy. Ami ou site sped, but ere she reached the gate another other rode up by her side and ad- ynmi-a.fcd her of danger and iatpruoonce. • 4> ir,' she replied, "this is no time to talk o! prudence and ha; —my son, my only s u. is a prisoner in chains. lam told that Santa An;:u is in the midst of your gii luncring group. ' will seek hiu: an! in hi- place ilie tali.— ino-iio card which 1 Lea.—ue is a Mason, aim will certainly heel me." " War destroys all brotherliood/' said the of?.-1 , cer who was not a mason, "'he made.loin no J reply, but watching her a moment, struck, lie.;'; pony tool darted across t'.s ti hi of ilealh. A' j : thai moment the masked battery-that niowet*: down one-half of the lbibiiaftu regiment, open-j e l —yet right across the gory li TJ -he was seen galloping on her white pony, avoi It \i itw re- , treating rdatuoi.. by a semi-circle mound their tiauk—the next moment she w > seen coursing over the ground in i..i rear, the batter* in t'di .iy. Hu-id'-e is seeing her, slopp.td, lorgctfuk! of tb-e a: no of iron bills that howled aroused tiiftn, thinking her an apparition. Aliexpect e i her t • fall every moment, but on she want with fearless ait. ' "That woman's love for her foa has made he" wild," so. i the otHcer who attempted to ar rest her flight. ! "f>he witl surely l;e killed," exclaimed u nother. "A mother's love 13 rtror-ger than tha pinns of death," exclaimed a .oidier. "I'iie (Jul of battle* •ill protect her," sail a T nnvs. • m. "Sue willrea. h S.mta Anna sate and sound s a ro'ioh." i 'i'inj soldier was right—she went over the field of death arid reached Santa Anna un hurt. Ha reuiivei her politely, and when sh6 told him hererran 1 and presented bar talismunic j card, ! "Madam," .-aid lie, "i au a Mason, and know the obligations of the Order in peace and in wnr. When your son was taken prisoner he mortally vfoumled my ir.aternrd nephew, wiij id now dead, i>u ho shall be restored, 1 r I v.ili out refute /our recue&t in tLc face of tfco letters you bear. He immediately gave ho? an escort to the city, han order to re -tore her tori to her arms. Ti.e order was promptly obeyed, and that very day, as he proa.;sed, ska eaibrauml her long lost 8U:1 i So ennrh for a mothers love; and so ltneh for the protecting 'rm end noble sympathetic heart which Masons ever cxt_ni to lovely, help , less wumar.. Oh ! if widowhood ba the doom I of woman, who would not lw a Mason's wid |i OW? Who would not baa Mason's wife, moth- I er, daughter or slater in the hour of peril and ; ! need ? Freedom of Thought and Opinion. HOW TO SAVE. Charles Lynford was a good mechanic i:i good business. At the age of twenty-six he had t ikeu to himself a wife, Caroline Eustace, the daughter of a neighbor, who had nothing to bring hira but her ovkn pern trial merits, which were many, ami habits of thrift learned in an economical huusehoid, under the stern teachings of necessity. It was well, perhaps, that Charles Lynford sh"ttl ! obtain a wife of this description, as he himself found it very dii.ieuit to save anything front his income. It was not long before Caroline bp came ac tju-' i Hod with her husband's failing. She could nut let I quite eusy in the knowledge lliat they w.re living fully up to their income, foreseeing licit si time would come when their family w aid grow more expensive, and perhaps her husband's business, though now flourishing, might become less so. Acc iidingly, one day, she purchased of n tin pedhr who came to the door, a Irrie tin ., such as children frequently use as a sa vings bank, 'l'his she placed conspicuously on the mantelpiece, so that her husband might be sure t.i sec it on ent.-ring. "•] 1 alio, Carrie, what's that, ehl" he aaked curiously. "♦•Only a little purchase I made to-day," said hi* wife. what is it meant for?"' he asked again "Let uie illustrate,'' s .'.J his wife, ptayfully, "f j ,ve yim ti ten cent piece about you ?" Charles Ircw a dime from his waistc .at pock ed His wife, taking it from Ins hand, drop ped it into the box through a little slit in it at tlie top. Charles laughed. "So you have taken to hoarding, Catric? My v.iio become a miser!" "2v , only a ii'tle prudent. Hut seriously, Onirics, lik'.l ! B v *'hat 1 want you to do every night." "What—drop a dime into this new-fangled arrangement of yours (" "Exactly." "Very well, that will be easy enough. A dime is no great harm. Hut may I know what you are going to do with this newly commen ced hoard ?" "'"Lay it by fur a rainy day." answered Car rie. Charles laughed merely. Tins ended the conversation for the time. The plan thus inaugurated by the young wife-was steadily carried out. She was not >ue of those ot whom there are so many—who t'Tuei :•> . i„„ -r>lunir bill soon.tire of it. In the present ease she was lutly satisfied ot the wisdom of her purpose, and resolved to carry it through. Every morning she called up >u her husband fur a dime, and every in..ru in 'it was a i led to the accumulation. Fre quently lie had not the right change, but would toss her a quarter instead. She would assure him, laughingly, that it would answer her pur pose just as well. More than once Charles bantered her on the subj- ct of her savings bank. Tins she bore gniiv. Out these were not the only accessions tho fund received Her husband had early rfrrang ed to make her an ample allowance for dress— ! say ample, though I dure soy some ol my riiy reader-* might not hae considered it so; but Carrie, who was in the habit of making her own divsr, provided herself with a good wardrobe at nuicii less expense than some not *o well versed i:i the science oi managing could have d .lie. After considerable calculation she came to the con ' s-ion that out of her allowance she si' juM hi ab'e n make a daily deposit equal to to that, she hut exacted from her husband. Of this, however, she thought it best, on the v.'ooie. not to inform Charles, enjoying in an ticipation the prospect of being able at some fu ture time to sun rises him with the unexpected amount of her savings. At the close of every month the tin box was emptied and the contents transferred to a sa vings hank of more pretensions, where inter est would be allowed. Vv hea the sums deposited here became large enough, Mrs. Lynford, who had considerable business capacity, withdrew them, and invested in bank and other stocks, which would yield a io r -.. percent. Of her mode of management her huabr.nd was ii. complete ignorance. Nor did he ever express any desire to he made ac quainted with his wife's management. He was an easy, careless fellow, spending as he went, en'oyi g the present and not having any pur licuh.r concern about the future. At the end of eight vears, during which time l.e had been unusually favored by prosperity i:i business and uninterrupted health, his books showed mat he had not exceeded his income, hut that, on Ilia oth"r hand, he had saved ab s iloN ly nothing- Twenty-five cents stood to his credit. "Funning pretty close r.in't it, Carrie ? I take credit to myself, though, fur keeping on the right si le of the line. But then, I ruppcr# you hove saved up an immense sum?" "How much do you suppose ?" asked his wife. "Perhaps a hundred dollars," said Chc"!e& Lvnford carelessly, "though it would tako a good many dimes t > make that " His wife smiled, but did not volunteer to enlighten him ai to the correctness of his con jecture. So things went till at length came the panic of I 857—a panic >o recent that it '/.ill be remembered how universally trade and bu siness of every kind were depressed at th:3 pe riod —among others, the trade which occupied CJiiarles Lyriford Buffered. One evening he cntne home looking quite se j riouF—an expression which seldom came over j his cheerful face. Carria who had watched the signs of the times, was not unprepared to see this. She WHOLE NUMBER, 3093 suspected that her husband's business was af fected. '•What i 3 the matter, Charles?" she asked, cheerfully. ' The matter is, that we will have to econo mize greatly." "Anything unfavorable turned up m busi ness mutter- ? ' • I should think there had. I will have but half a day's work for s>Hie time to come, and lam afraid that even 'his will fail before rig V. u haven't an idea, Cmrrie, how dull even kind of business has become. "1 think I have," sai I his wife, quietly, "I Have read the papers carefully, am. have been looking out for something of this kind." "I)n you think we can reduce our expenses one-half?" asked the husband, doubtfully. "I think we will be able to do so. Both of us are well supplied with clothing, and wiil not need any more for a year at least, This wilt cut off co isidrruble expanse. Then then are a great many little* super!!.unes you are ac customed to buy —little? tilings which you am kin 1 enoe .h to bung Imme to ire fn quenilv, which I can do very well without. Then wc can live more plainly—have les* pics and cakes —and I have n • doubt it wili be an impruve aient as far as health is concerned." "What a calculator you are. Carrie," sail her husband, feeling com idenfc'v easier in mind. "I really think after all yon have Said that it won't be hard to live on half of our u suai income—for the present, at least, "lint," and his countenance again changed, "suppose my work should entirely fail—l suppose yon couldn't r luce our expanses to nothing at all could you?" "That certainly surpasses my powers," said his wife, smiling, ''but even in tlml cae there is no ground for discouragement. Yon have not forgotten our savings bank, have you "Why no, [ didnt think of that." said her husband, "I suppose tlml would keep off star vation for a few weeks." His wife smiled. "Arid in those few weeks," she added, "bu siness might revive." "To be sure," said her husband. "Well, I guess it will be all right—l will try not to troub le myself about it any longer." The apprehensions ; i? unexpected when if. really did come upon nun, and again he returned home in a lit of discour agement. He briefly explained to 'lis wife the new calamity which had coma up m them. "And the worst of it is," he added, "there will he no better times till spring " "Do vuti thir.k that the business will revive then r ' •lt must by that time. But there a~c five or si c months between. Ido not know liow we are going to live doling tliat time." "I do," replied his wife, quietly. "You !" exclaimed her husband in surprise. "Y*s, your income has never lQen in ore than rix or seven hundred do;las a year, and I have no doubt we ran live six mouths on tvvo hund red and fifty dollars." "Y"?, certainly, but where is that miner to come from ? I don't want to jrot in debt, and if 1 did I should not know where to borrow." "Fortunately, there is no need of it," said Mrs. Lynford. "You seem to forget our little savings bank " "Hilt is :t possible it can amount to two hundred and fifty dollars f" he asked in surprise. ••Yes, and six hundred more," said his wife. "Impossible!" "Wait a minute and I'll prove if." Caroline witl;drew a moment, nnd reappear- j (>,l with several certificates of bank and rail- I roa l shares, amounting to eight hundred do!- ! bus and a hook in which the balance was de posited to her credit. "Are you sure you haven't had a legacy?" I demanded Charles in amazement. — "Surely a ; dim • a day woul 1 not produce this." - j "No, but two dimes a day have, with a lit- j tie extra depoMtnow and then. 1 think. Charles that we can ward off starvation for a time." j "All this I owe to your prudence," said j Charles, gratefully. "How can 1 repay you!" i Charles Lynford remained out of employ-j rnent some months, llut in spring, as he an- • ticipatcd, business revived, and he was once j more in receipt of his old income. More than j two-thirds of the fund was still left, and hence- j forth Charles was not loss assiduous than his wife, in striving to increase it. The little tin savings bank stands on the man tel-piece, and never tails to receira a deposit daily. ASMS LOST IN EATTLE. That a raw soldier, in the excitement and ag itation of a battle, may fail to discharge hi? gun, and put charge upon chargo until it is load ed to bursting, is probable enough. l>ut the extent to which this sort of blundering proceeds 5 is greater than most persons would suppose.— [ In the annual report of the Chief of the Bareau lof Ordnance of the Navy Department, it is 'stated that: | "On the field of Gettysburg there were 27,- !.j74 guns picked up, and of these 2YOOO were ! fount loaded, and half of tham were double i loaded. On a fourth had from three to ten loads in and tunny had five or six halls to one i charge of powder. In some cae3 the powder ' was above tho ball, in others the cartridges j were not broken at tho end, while in one j inuskct twenty-three balls sixty-two buckshot, I and a quantity of powder were all mixed up to ' gether." Uatca of One Square, three weefceor less If One Square, eeeh additional insertion than three month* • 00 3 *osth&: 0 months. 1 n One square • . ... $3 30 $4 75 *8 00 Twosqusres . 500 700 10 <** Three squares 050 900 15 0# i Column 1C 00 20 00 33 00 One Column 20 00 33 00 63 00 Administrators'and Executors' notices $2.50, Au ditors' notices $1.50, if under 10 lines. $2.60 if more than a square and less than 90 lines. Kstrays, $1.25, if but one head is advertised, 25 eeirt* for every additional bead. The spiceoccupied by ten. lines of this >1 reef type rountsone square. All fraction* of a square under Ave lines will be measured as a half square and alI over five lines s a lull square. All legal advertisements will be charged to the person toad in* them in. VOL. 8, NO. 25. The mineral wealth of the United Slate* is , of the most gigantic proportions, anJ of tha Hiost valuable kind. All of the useful and pre cious initials—with one or two exceptions tva regards the very rare uwtals, which l.avo no! as yet twen found io any great quuuity, exist in the widest abundance. They are not con •irit d to una .section, but extend over the entire Republic in the uio-t wide-spread profusion. Principal among thefts metals and mineral*, both on account of its inc deniable practical value, ami for its extraordinary abundance, is coal, both of the anthracite ami bituminous vari -lies. A peculiar feature in the great car boniferous deposition of the country is the fact that the beds in the eastern part ol the land are anthracite. The c til gradually loses this distinctive feature as we go west war i, assuming' more and mora of a hiiuniim.il? character until we find it en tirely devoid o! tlie peculiar anthracite proper ties in Wi.-teni lViiiisyiv.ini i, abojt Pittsburgh —in \ irginia, and u ieed in all the Wes tern States. 'iiius the great coal fields of Rhode Wand and the contiguous portions of Massachusetts, (great indeed, although the smallest of the vasC coal lieds in tne coon.ry ) the ex*i?nsivc depo sitions in East Pennsylvania, and the other fields in the eastern part of the country, are anthracite and most admirably adapted for burning—being clean, and devoid in a great measure of the volatile inflammable oil which charact£.ize the bituminous kind. The large coal fields west of the Alleghenies, comprising a pari -f western New York, western Penn sylvania pnjd Virginia, and a part of Ohio, and stretching down through Kentucky ami Tennes see t" Alabama, comprising an area of some sixty three thousand square miles, are purely of the bituminous type. Reside* the value of this kind of coal for fuel it contains an oil, commonly called peti vie urn, whose val ue, not discovered until recently, renders these bituminous coal fields of the null >n -of fabulutis \alu3. Inexhaustible in quantity, and so situ ated as to be easily worked, tiie I'ihli est I tradi tions of Ophir and tiie otiental myth of Cathay sink into insigoiiicanoe, and iiouithe importance of this oil in commerce we tire fair to realize the magnificence-of he dreams of that pact sol her, Walter IhiMgh, and find El Dorado tit our very doors, holding out its inexhaustible treasures to our grasp. Bitumen, pelr >i< um, nnptha, and the other species of hituu.en, have been known and us ed tor cr-ntuii >, but ilnir true importance has been strangely overlooked. Petroleum was used by the citizens of Agrigentam for the pur pose oi light, and K.re the name of Sicilian w;.ich the people cl" 1 tlT'"- I 'ic-.V: it'p'Ajlp d'VlifeA lar uses. It his hen known in Egypt for thou sands of years —and in the latter part of the last century two ship loads were sent to Eng land to tie used in the arts, but in consequence of defective machinery to refine the crude nil,! and trm the excited state of public fetling con sequent upon the Wars of Napoleon, nothing was done with it. Great quantities are found in Asia Minor, and in Persia, and at Rangoon, on one ot tiie tributaries of the Irawary river some f air hundred and fifty thousand hogsheads of the oil are annually prepared for domestic and local use. in 111 is coui.try the oil was well known to the Indians, and used by tliern for various pur pose, one of which was its application" to wound>. It lias been in the market in small quantities, far many years, under the name of Lrenesec or Se,xca oil. Some thirty odd years ago a Mr. Packer, while boring a well for salt water on Deer Creek in Clarion County, I'a.. readied the oil at a depth of four huadred feet and the oil gushed up in jets. Many endeavors were DiaJe to keep tho oil out hut of no avail, and he was compelled to cease his exertions, which were for the pur pose of obtai.nng salt. Little did he think that he was throwing ntvay in contemptuous disgust" a thou and princely fortunes! All through this part of Pennsylvania, and in West Virginia, the oil was abundant, some times it interfered with the execution of other piiipo-es. and ii was regarded as "nasty, use less stuff" unfit for any purpose. But when the time caaie for its introduction, and appre ciation, ilus hitherto regarded as useless oil be came the center of an interest rarely, if ever, equaled. Accident led to its introduction and cargoes being sent to Europe, it was refined and the immense, the incalculable value of the oil was at once revealed to the world. It svas soon ascertained that all these bituminous coal fields were rich beyond exaustion inpetroleum, and that Pennsylvania alor.e could supply the world for centuries to come. Thus was inati j gurated an epoch in the prosperity of the Re | public, that has bad no parallel and whose itu : port ante to the aggregate and individual pros perity of the country cannot be estimated at this early stage. In 1808 the attention of capitalists was call ed to this matter, and vast quantities exported. In I3GI occurred the well known depression j in the petroleum interest, which suspended 00- j orations. If quickly revived, and the astound ing devclopements recently made, have excited j most profoundly the attention of the country. | The oil is found in such profusion, and is ob tained so easily that it may b3 years before it j is necessary to employ tho expensive machinery that will render the petroleum interest for hun dreds of years the most profitable and safe in vestment for capital that can bo made. Toe practical advantages of the oil—-its use for light, for oiling macuinery—for various purpose ia the tine and commercial arts, and the absolute necss \iy for it which its use has created, ren der the discovery of petroleum and its practical j application to the wants of life, an epoch in 1 tho history of the nation, whose importance, as we have remarked above, cannot be estima j ted t this stage of its developenaent.- TFflfV |ngtan D. C. Union- THE PETROLEUM INTEREST.