THE BEDFORD GAZETTE
IS PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY MORNING
BY B. F. MEYERS,
At the following terms, to wit:
$2 OU per annum, if paid within the year.
$2.50 '< " if not paid withiu the year.
(X7*No subscription taken lor less than six months
KF"No paper discontinued until all arrearages are
paid, unless at the option of the publisher. It has
been decided by the United States Courts that the
stoppage of a newspaper without the payment of
arrearages, it prima facie evidence of fraud and as
a criminal offence.
B3The courts have decided that persons are ac
countable for the subscription price of newspapers,
if they take them from the post office, whether they
snbscribe for them, or not.
professional (Jariis.
F.M. KIMMZLL. I. W. LINGENEELTKR.
KIMMELL &. LINGENFELTER.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA.
CyHave formed a partnership in the practice of
the Law. Office on Juliana street, two doors South
of the "Mengel House."
JOB MANN. G. H. STAND.
MANN & SPANG.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA
The undersigned have associated themselves in
the Practice ot the Law, and will attend promptly
to all business entrusted to their caie iri Bedford
and adjoining counties.
on Juliana Street, three doors south
of the "Mengel House," opposite the residence of
Maj. Tate.
Bedford, Aug. 1, 1861.
JOBN CESSNA. O. E. SHANNON.
CESSNA & SHANNON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA.,
formed a Partnership in the Practice o
tbe Law. Office nearly opposite the Gazette Office,
where one Or the other may at all times be lound.
Bedtord, Aug, 1, 1861.
JOUN P. REED,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDFORD, I'A.,
Res)>ert fully tenders his services to the l'ub/tc.
second door North of the Mengel
Slouse
Bedford, Aug, 1, 1861.
W, M. HAUL. JOHN PALMER.
11 A L 3a & PALMER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA
try-Will promptly attend to all business entrus
ted to there cave. Office on Julianna Street, (near.
5y opposite the Mengel Housd.)
Bedlerd, Aug. 1, 1861.
A. U. COFFHOTII,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, Somerset, Pa.
Will horeafter practice regularly in he several
Courts of Bedford county. Business entrnsted to
his care will be fait'hfully attended to.
December 4, 1861.
SAMCEL KETTERMAN,
BEDFORD, FA.,
try-Would hereby notify the citizens of Bedford
county, that he has movej ro tbe Boiough of Bed
fotd, where he may at all tirom- be found b-- persons
wishing to see him, unless absent upon business
pertaining to bio office.
Bedford, Aug. 1,1861.
JACOB REED, J. J. SCHELL,
UEEI) AND SCHELL,
BANKERS & DEALERS IN EXCHANGE,
BEDFORD, PENN'A.
DyDBAFTS bought and uld, collections mude
and money promptly remitted.
Deposits solicited.
REFERENCES.
Hon. Job Mann, Hon. John Cessna, and John
Mower, Bedford Pa., R. Forward, Somerset, Bunn,
ilaiguel 1k Co., Phil. J. A'att he Co., J. VV. Cut ley,
ht Co., Pittsburg.
CHARLES HOTF.L,
CORNER OF WOOD J ND TIURD STREETS
p i r T s B use, it, p 'A
HARRY SHIRLS PROPRIETOR.
April 12 1861.
C.N, IIICK OK,
DENTIST-
Will attend punctually and carefully to ail oper.a
tions entrusted to his care.
NATURAL TEETH filled, regulated, polished, &c.,
in the best manner,and ARTIFICIAL TEETH inserted
from one to an entire sett.
Office in the Bank Building, on Juliana street,
Bedford.
CASH TF.RMS will be strictly adhered to.
In addition to recent improvements in the mount
ing of ARTIFICIAL TEETH on Cold and Silver Plate,
lam now using, as a base for Artificial work, a new
and beautiful article, (Vulcanite or Vulcanized In
dia Rubber) stronger, closer fitting, more comfort
able and more natural than either Cold or Silver,
and 20 per cent, cheaper than silver. Call and see
C. N. HICKOK.
Bedford, January 16, 1803.
TO CONSUMPTIVES
The advertiser having been testored to health ID
a few weeks, by a very simple remedy, after hav
ing suffered several years with a severe lung afiec
tion, and that dread disease, Consumption—is anx
ious to make known te his fellow-sufferers the
means of cure.
To all who desire it, he will send a copy ot the
presciiption used (free of charge,) with the direc
tions for preparing and using the same, which tbey
wil. find a SURE CURF. lor CONSUMPTION,
ASTHMA, BRONCHITIS, &c. The only object
of ihe adve riser in sending the Prescription is to
the afflicted, and spread information whicb
he conceives to be invaluable, and he pes every
sufferer will try bis remedy, as it will cost them
nothing, and may prove a blessing.
HEV. EDWARD A. WILSON,
ap24-1m Wiiliamsburgh, Kings Co., N. Y.
EXECUTORS' NOTICE.
Whereas letters testamentary to the estate of An
thony Zunmers, late of Bedlord township, Bedlord
county, dee'd, have been granted to the subscribers,
all peisons indebted to said estate are requested to
make immediate payment, and those having claims
against the same will present tbein duly authenti
cated for settlement.
GEORGE K. ZIMMERS, Bedford tp.,
J. W. LINGENFELTER, Bedford bor.
May 22, 1663—6t5.
EXECUTOR'S NOTICE.
fetters testamentary on the estate of Nancy T.
>' , • late of Blcio ') Run borough, deceased, have
imc. 9 . .si.led :o the subscriber, residing in uaid
Borough; all per o.is indebted to said estate are re
quested to make immediate payment, and those
having claims against the same will present them
duly authenticated for settlement.
SAMUEL BENDER, Ex'r.
May 22, 1803-Cts
VOLUME .I*.
NEW SERIES.
Sinnottnmncnto.
TUBUS :—For announcing candidates for Assem
bly Prothonotary, and Sheriff, $3.00; for Treasur
er $2.00 , fot Commissioner, Auditor and Poor Di
rector, SI.OO. To insure insertion,all announce
ments must be paid in advance.
Assembly.
To THE DEMOCRATS OK BKDFOHD COUNTY :—I offer
myself as a candidate for the office of Kepresenta
live in the next Legislature, subject to the decision
of the Democratic County Convention.
B. F. MEYERS.
We are authorized to announce Geo. W. Gump of
Napier tp., as a candidate for Assembly, subject to
the decision of the Democratic County Convention.
We are authorized to announce the name of Wm.
M. Hall, Esq., as a candidate for the Legislature,
subject to the decision of the Democratic County
Convention.
Prothonotary.
MB. EDITOR :— PIeH6 announce the name of John
B. Fluke, Esq,, for the ollice of Prothonotary, sub
ject to the decision of the Democratic County Con
vention.
We are authorized to announce J. Henry Schell,
Esq., of Schellsburg borough, as a candidate for the
office of Prothonotary, subject to the decision of
the Democratic County Convention.
We are authorized to announce Hon. A. J. Snively,
of Schellsburg Bor., as a candidate for Prothonotary,
subject to the decision of the Democratic County
Convention.
We are authorized to announce U. E. Shannon,
Esq., as a candidate for Prothonotary, subject to
the decision of the Democratic County Convention.
Sheriff*.
We are authorized to announce Col. F. D. Beegle,
of St. Clairsville, as a candidate for Sheriff, subject
to the decision of the Democratic Countv Conven
tion.
We are authorized to announce Thomas W. Hor
ton, Esq., ol' Broad Top township, as a candidate
for Sheriff, subject to the decision of the Democrat
ic County Convention.
We are authorized to announce Peter h. Stude
baker, of Napier township, as a candidate tor Sheriff,
subject to the decision of the Democratic County
Convention.
We are authorized to announce the name of Wm.
Bonnell, of Londonderry township, as a candidate
tor Sheriff, subject to the decision of the Democrat
ic County Convention.
We are authorized to announce Isaac D. Ernest,of
Bedford tp., as a candidate for Sheriff, subject to
the decision of the Democratic County Convention.
We are authorized to announce Isaac Kensinger,
Esq., of Liberty township, as a candidate for Sheriff,
subject to the decision of the Democratic County
Convention.
We are authorized to announce Captain Philip G. j
Morgert, of Woody Hun Borough, us a candidate lor
Sheriff, subject to the decision of the Democratic
County Convention.
We are authorized to announce Capt. John Al
stndt, of St. Clair township, as a candidate lor the
otlice of Sheriff, subject to the decision of the Dem
ociatic county convention.
We are authorized to announce Col. John Hafer
as a candidate for Sheriff, subject to the decision
of the Democratic County Convention.
it/a. Kditor:—Please anuounce Geo. W. Horn,
Ksq., ot'Hariison tp,; as a candidate lot Sheriff sub
ject to the decision of the Democratic County Con
vention.
We are authorizen to announce W. A. Powell, of
Harrison tp. as a candidate for Sheriff, subject to
the decision of the Democratic County Conven
tion.
We are authorized to announce S. D. Broad, of
Schellsburg, as a candidate for Sheriff, slbject to
the decision of the Democratic County Convention
We are authorized lo arnounce Henry Kluke, of
Middle Woodberry township, as u candidate for the
office of Sheriff, subject to the decision oI the Dem
ocratic County Convention.
We are authorized to annont.oe Hush Moore, of
Bedford tp., as a candidate for Sheriff, subject to
the decision of the Democratic County Convention.
Associate Judge.
| We are requested to announce Maj. Samuel Davis,
as a candidate for Associate Judge, subject to the
decision of the Democratic County Conven ion.
We are requested to announce John A. Mowry,
ot Bedford Borough, as a candidate for Associate
Judge, subject to the decision ot the Democratic
County Convention.
MR- KDITOR :—Please announce the name of John
C- Black, of Bloody Hun Borough, as a candidate
for the office of Associate Judge, subject to the de
cision of the Democratic County Convention.
Treasurer.
We are authorized to announce the name of John
Boor, of Bedford borough, as a candidate for the of
fice ot Treasurer, subject to the decision of the
.Democratic County Convention.
We are authorized to announce the name of Ceo.
M.ajiJorff of Bedloid borough, lor the office of Coun
ty- Treasurer, subject to the decision of the Demo
cratic County Convention.
M R- .EDITOR: Please announce J. B. Fniquhnr, of
Bedford borough, as a candidate for the office of
County Treasurei, subject to the decision of the
Demortatic County Convention.
MR. EDITOR: Please announce Samuel Defibaugh,
of Bedford tp., as a suitable candidate for the office
of County 'Treasurer, subject to the decision of the
Democratic C'ounty'Convention.
We are authorized to announce S. J. .ffcCauslin,
of Bedford borough, as a candidate for the office of
County Treasurer, subject to the decision of thu
Democratic County Convention,
Commissioner.
We are aiit'borized to announce Michael Wertz,
Ksq., of Dniiin township, as n candidate lor Com
missioner, sub; ect to the decision ul the Democra
tic County Convention.
We are authoi ized to announce George Rhoads.ot
Libei ty township as a candidate for Commissioner,
subject to the decision of the Democratic County
Convention.
We are authorized to announce Jesse Dicken. Jr.,
of Southampton toarnship, as a candidate for Com
missioner, subject to the decision of the Democra
tic County Convention.
We are authorized to announce Michael S. Rit
chey, of Snake Spring township, as a candidate for
the office of County Commissioner v subject to the
decision of the Democratic County Convention.
We are muboiized to announce David Kvans, of
Monroe township, as 11 candidate for Commissioner,
subject to the decision of the Democratic County
Convention.
MN. KDITOR :—Please announce Abraham Reigh
ard, of Bedford tp., as a candidate for the office of
County Commissioner, subj-ct to the decision of the
Democratic County Convention.
We are authorized to announce Edwaid Pearson,
Ksq., of Broad Top towhship, as a candidate lor
Commissioner, subject to the decision of the Dem
ocratic County Convention.
Poor Director.
We are authorized to announce Henry Taylor, of
St. Clair township, as a candioate for Poor Director,
subject to the decision of ibe Democratic County
Convention.
We are authorized to announce Samuel M. Roor,
of Cumberland Valley township, as a candidate for
Poor Diiectoi, subject to the decision of the Demo
cratic County Convention.
We are authorized to announce Henry Moses, of
Freedom of Thongbt and Opinion.
BEDFORD, PA., FRIDAY MORNING, JUNE 19, 1863.
Bedford township, as a candidate for Poor Director,
subject to tbe decision of the Democratic County
Convention. *
We are authorized to announce David Stiver, of
Bedford township, as a candidate for Poor Director,
subject to the decision of the Democratic County
Convention.
We are authorized to announce the name of Ja
cob D. Fetter, of Bedford township, as a candidate
for the office of Poor Director, subject to the deci
sion of the Democratic County Convection.
MONSTER MASS MEETING IN INDE
PENDENCE SQUARE, PHIL
ADELPHIA!
The Sacred Ground Again Consecrated to
FREEDOM OF SPEECH, FREEDOM
OF THE PRESS, AND TRIAL
BY JURY!
30,000 FREEMEN PROTEST
AGAINST
The Arbitrary Arrest
OF Til Id
Hon. C. L. Valiandigham!
The meeting wits presided over by HON. EL
LIS LEWIS, Ex-Chief Justice of Pennsylvania,
assisted by a long list of Vice Presidents and
Secretaries.
SFKECII OF EX-CHIEF JUSTICE LEWIS
Upon taking the chair the Hon. Ellis Lewis,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Penn
sylvania, and a gentleman distinguished for iyis
ability, patriotism and devotion to the Union
and Constitution, delivered the following ad
dress:
Fellow Citizens: —Permit me to return my
thanks ior the honor you have conferred in se
lecting me to preside over the deliberations of
this large and respectable assemblage of free
men. The object of the meeting is to express
"the just indignation of the people upon the
arbitrary arrest, military trial and exile of the
Hon. Clement 1.. Valiandigham, of Ohio."
As the Constitution of the United States vißts i
in Congress till legislative powers granted by it I
to the Federal Government, it follows that nei- ,
thcr the Judges nor the President can make : v\v 1
law whatever. It is the business of the judges •
to expound, and of the President to execute the ;
law as it exists. But the Constitution of the'
United States expressly declares that "Congrtsj
shall make no law abridging the freedom of j
speech or of the press, or the right of the pto- j
pie pcacably to assemble and petition the G#v
e.rntueiit for a redress of grievances." jt.
ther declares that "the right of the people to be
secure in their persons, houses, paper and ef
fects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,
shall not bo violated:" and that "no warrants
shall issue but upon probable cause, supported
by oath or affirmation, arid particularly descri
bing the places to be searched and the persons
or things to be seized that "no person shall
bo held to answer for a capital or otherwise in
famous crime, unless on presentment or indict
ment of a grand jury, except in cases arising
in tho land or naval forces or in the militia,
when in actual service, in time of war or pub
lic danger;" and that "iu all criminal prosecu
tions the accused shall enjoy the right of a spoe
dy and public trial by an impartial jury of the.
State and district where the crime shall have
been committed." In addition to these impor
tant provisions for securing the liberties of the
people, the Constitution solemnly adopts and
enforces the great principle of Magna charta,
that "no person shall lie deprived of life, liber
ty or property without due process of law."
These inestimable, guarantees of our rights
have been violated in the case of Mr. Vallandi
gham. Ilis house was broken open in the dead
hour of the night, he was arrested without
"oath," or "probable cause," or "warrant or
duo process of law." He was carried by force,
away from his neighbors, bis home, and bis dis
tracted family. He was tried by a military tri
bunal which had no more jurisdiction over him
than had the Emperor of Austria. He was not
legally convicted of any crime known to the
law, but he has nevertheless been carried into
exile and thus banished from his country.
And all this has been done under the per-,
mission or sanction of a President who stands]
sworn before God and the country to "preserve, |
protect and defend the Constitution.'
In these proceedings there is something of far j
greater importance than the private injury com- j
initted upon the person and lights of the par- j
ticular individual. It is an open and daring i
attack upon the liberties of the people, and up
on the sacred Constitution established by them
as the supreme authority.
If these transactions had occurred within the
limits of a rebel State, which had subverted the
Constitution and laws of the Union, where the
exercise of military power was a necessity, we
could roadily understand the force of the ju'gu
ment by which such arbitrary proceedings are
exercised. Hut in it loyal State, where the
Courts arc in full operation —where the Con
stitution and laws arc entirely unobstructed,
except by the unauthorized acts of men wear
ing our own uniform, the pretence of "military
necessity" is an absurdity. Such an excuse if
valid, would equally sanction tlio violation of
all other rights of the people. If the free citi
zens of this nation are not allowed to discuss
the nets of their own pnblic servants they may,
on the same principle, be deprived of their un
doubted right to change the Administration
by the Constitutional exercise of the cleetivo
franchise. If the people are prepared to sub
mit, without remonstrance, to the dangerous in
fraction of their rights, which we have just
witnessed in the case of Vallandigham, then
Hie most glorious lbrm of government which
the world ever witnessed is already overturned.
I trust, however, tliut there is a redeeming
spirit of patriotism and true loyally iu the peo
ple, and that in their energetic and lawful ae-
I tjon we shall, in due time, He restored to our
rights under the "Constitution as it is and the
Union as it was."
Judge Lewis having concluded his address,
which was received with great applause, the
following resolutions were read by Cliarlesßuck
waiter, Est]., who prefaced them with a few el
oquent remarks, in recommending tliein to eve
ry Democrat and loyal citizen of the United
.States:
KFSOLUTIONS.
WHEREAS, The people of the United States
have been immlted, and the laws ot' the land
and the principles of human liberty trampled
on by the military arrest. trial and exile of,
Clement L. Vallandigham, a citizen of Ohio,
Ibr words s;jokeu at a public meeting, the seiz
ure of whose person, and the whole subsequent j
proceedings against whom, ending in his ban
ishment, were not wholly in violation of the
commonest rights of the humblest inhabitant of,
any tree country, but in audacious and flagrant
defiance of the Federal Constitution, which de
clares that "the trial of ail crimes, except in
cases of impeachment, shall be by jury," and
which expressly forbids the making of any law
"abridging the freedom of speech," which de
clares that "the right of the people to be secure 1
in their persons, houses, papers and effects, a
eainst unreasonable searches and seizures, shall
not be violated," and that "no warrants shall
issue but upon probable cause, supported by
oath or affirmation, and particularly describing ,
the place to be searched, and the person or thing ,
to be seized," which declares that "no person j
shall be held to answer for a capital or other- ;
wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment j
or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases a- ,
rising in the land or naval forces, or in the mi
litia,"when in actual service, in the time ot war
or public danger," which declares that 110 citi
zen shall "be deprived of life, liberty or prop- j
crtv without due process of law," and finally,
which declares that "in all criminal prosecu
tions the accused shall enjoy the right to a spee
i ,l y and public trial by an impartial jury ot the
State and district wherein the crime shall have
i been committed, which district shall have been
j previously ascertained by law, and to be inlorm
i cd of the nature and cause ol the accusation,
' to be confronted with the witnesses against him,
ito have compulsory process for obtaining wit
i nesscs in his favor, and to have the assistance
I of counsel for his defence."
! AND WHEREAS, If the wbrds uttered by Mr.
Vallandigham had been the most offensive to
i which expression could be given, they would
' form not the. slightest pretext nor afford the
' least palliation for the monstrous crime which
lin hi 4 person has been committed ugainst the
liberties of us all;
AND WHEREAS, In fact and according to the
well established, long descended and commenda
ble habit in these United States of free discus
sion of political questions, what he uttered was
neither in itself unbecoming nor was it an a
buse of the freedom of speech, nor would the
speaker in any manner have been liable to pun
ishment for it according to the severest code ad
ministered in the courts of justieo;
AND WHEREAS, The measures of authority
must be subject to the freest discussion, for dis
cussion is nothing it not free, and it mens
mouths may lie opened only to praise and flatter
power, ami are to be closed when power is of
fended, discussion is but a name, and liberly is a
! shadow;
AND WHEREAS, This übusc of authorisy is
justified under the plea of a military necessity—
which is ndtjurisdiction, forthe same plea would
equally justify any indignity which could bo of
fered us; and as it served to exile Mr. \ allun
dighatn would serve to turn both Houses of
Congress out of doors, to imprison the judges,
to suspend the legitimate performance of every
regulnr function of the State, and resolve all
authority into the keeping of one man;
AND WHEREAS, If military necessity can invade
the borders of Ohio, and there uproot the laws
of a State whose soil is pressed by the foot of
no public enemy: whose people are true and
faithful to the Constitution, and whose justice
was quietly and unobstruetedly administered till
military power expelled it, this same necessity
inav march on, and, coming into Pennsylvania
and other States of the' Union, reduce us to a
vassalage infinitely more intolerable than that
against which we revolted when we declared
onr independence the 4th ol July, 1770; there-
fore,
Resolved, Thnt the arrest and banishment of
Mr. Vallandigham is a violence to which the
people of the United States will not and ought
not to submit.
2. That the remedy for it is in the ballot-box,
at the coming and now rapidly approaching e
lection, when, by the votes of an outraged peo
ple, State authority will be restored to the
hands of tho Democratic party, who will use
their power, thus quietly and constitutionally
obtained, to protect Stale rights, to rebuke and
check Federal usurpation, to secure the person
al immunity of individuals and commence the
reconstruction of the Union.
3. That it is. if not our firm belief, at least
our strong suspicion, that the design of the au
thorities at Washington, is, by military aggres
sion, to provoke a popular outbreak, aud thus
to furnish to themselves uu apology for further
invasion of our liberties, and, if possible, to
enable them to encumber us iu the exercise of
our elective franchise, wo exhort our tbllow-cit
izens everywhere to patience and to that for
bearance and noble calmness which becomes a
people who, knowing their rights, know, also,
i the means for their peaceful vindication.
4. That, there being no such punishment
| known to the laws of the United States as that
I of exile, it is the sense of this meeting that it
is the right of Mr. \ allandigham, and will be
i the like right of any other citizen upon whom
1 there should be attempted to be afflicted by like
tyranny a like unlawful and infamous punish-
incut, to return forthwith, notwithstanding his
I mock sentence to the State of which he is a cit-
WKIOM VI llltl lt, 3063
VOL 6, NO 40.
iien, and there resume his place among those
who are laboring for the regeneration of the
Constitution and the reconstruction of the Union.
5. That in the letter of the Hon. Horatio Sey
mour, of New York, to the late public meeting
of the Democratic citizens of Albany, condemn
ing the proceedings of the Administration a
gainst Mr. Vallandigham, we recognize the tone
and language of a statesman, and the spirit of
a man worthy to be, at a crisis, the Chief
Magistrate of a great State.
ti. That as it is only to the ballot box we can
look for permanent relief, and as we deem it to
be altogether incredible and impossible that when
called to oast their votes, the citizens of Penn
sylvania, of whatever party, should not find
themselves, by such monstrous events as have
been passing before their eyes, moved in patri
otic aud just indignation to drive from power all j
Pennsylvania politicians who stand in the way I
of our asserting the freedom of ourtpersous and !
the rights of our State, we will, therefore, wait
with confidence the October election to give to
the Democratic party —the party of conserva
tism as well as freedom—a Governor and both
houses of the Legislature; and whom we expect
to bring in by such overwhelming majorities as
may be reasonably reckoned on, when the ques
tion comes fairly up between liberty and the i
Constitution on the one side, and on the other
the most ignominious oppression.
The reading of the resolutions was interrupt
ed by frequent and enthusiastic applause.
SFEECJI OF HON. Wit. UIGI.KB.
lion. Win. liigler was then introduced, and j
was greeted with prolonged applause. When 1
order had been restored, he addressed the assem-1
blage as follows:
Gentlemen: It is not. my intention to discuss
the primary causes, the present aspect or the
probable results of the bloody strife now raging
between the Government and the revolted States,
nor to notice the measures and policy of the Ad
ministration in the management oi this tearful
conflict. These things, as lam informed, do
not come within the objects of this meeting.—
The sole purpose of our assembling here to-night
is to express, in most emphatic terms, our con
demnation of the late outrage upon personal lib
erty and the freedom of speech, in the arrest,
conviction and banishment of the Hon. C. L.
Ynllandigham, of Ohio, and to enter our sol
emn protest against the repetition of such wrongs
by those in authority. •
In this we shall, in my opinion, reflect the!
sentiments of three-fourths of the people of the
Northern States. Not that that proportion ap
proves all that Mr. Vallandigham has said, or
thinks it was necessary and proper for him to
j say all he did; but that proportion believe he
lunl u olonr <-oitttitotioiud right to do so; and
1 they are, besides, utterly opposed to any and all
attempts, on the part of the Administration, to
j regulate or restrain free discussions or meetings
of the jteoplc to consider public questions.
The Constitution declares that "no law shall
!>e passed abridging the freedom of speech or of
the press, or the right of the people peaceably
to assemble to petition the Government for a
redress of grievances," and it must not be pre
sumed that the people will quietly submit to
| laws or pretended laws in derogation of these
I sacred guarantees, much less to be stripped of
' their rights without even the pretence of law.
i The relations between the Government and
1 the citizen arc easily understood. TheGovern
i ineni owes the citizen protection in the onjoy
j incut of life, liberty and property, and the citi
! Zen, in turn, owes the Government obedience,
| implicit obedience, to all laws enacted in pursu
-1 ancc of the. Constitution, and to all rules, regu
! lations and orders adopted in accordance with
such laws. Obedience to law is the plain duty
jot all. No matter how unwise the law may lie,
i they must be obeyed until they can be changed.
11 is even necessary to acquiesce ia the opora
! tion of laws which we believe to be uneonstitu
! tional until they can be so declared by the judi-
I oiary. The Government, on its part, is bound
j in good faith to see that the opportunity for such
| test is always at hand, and that the judiciary
! is left free and unrestrained in its decisions.
The agents of the people directing the aflairs
of the government for the time being, including
the President, derive, their authority to govern
from the Constitution and laws, and are us much
bound to obey la v us the humblest citizen.—
They shuuld remember, therefore, that the mo
ment they transcend the limits of the law, they
are themselves in the commission of crime, and
thereby invite and warrant resistance to their
authority.
Ourdoctrine is that all questions of lawshould
bo tested through the judiciary, ami all ques
tions of policy and politics decided through the
ballot. Hut all questions relating to the future,
to the policy and measures of the Government —
the manner of dculing with the revolted States
whether this mode of settlement or that, would
be wise or unwise, must be as open to discus
sion by the citizen as the President himself. —
These arc ;is much my questions as Mr. Lincoln's,
and I have all the right that lie lias to discuss
them, whether 1 ugrce with him or not, and at
the proper time 1 intend to discuss them. It is
not only the right of the people to consider these
questions, and express their views about theua,
but I maintain that it is their duty to do so—
that they cannot otherwise intelligently exercise
the privileges conferred upon them by the Con
stitution. Indeed without free speech and a free
press, our elective system would be wholly im
practicable, and our scheme of self-government
become a delusion and a fraud. It is a distin
guishing feature of our Republican Government
that it confers upon the humblest citizen, equal
ly with the most elevated, the right to reflect his
sentiments through the ballot and thus leave the
impress of his will on the policy of the Govern
ment. Hut how can the people do these things
properly, if the right of free discussion be denied
them? How lire they to weigh grave questions
of national policy, except by free interchange of
opinion and open discussion? How can they
convince flic Administration of the disastrous
Halts of
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One Square, each additional insertion le
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ditors' notices $1.50, if under 10 lines, $2.00 it
more than a square and less than 20 lines. Kelrays,
$1.25, if but one head is advertised, 25 cents for
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The space occupied by ten lines of this size ol
type counts one square. All fractions of a square
under five lines will be measured as a half square
and all over five lines as a lull square. All legal
advertisements will be charged to the person hand
ine them in.
tendencies of many of its measures if they be
not allowed to speak on tire subject'? How can
they show the mischievous effects of bad laws
and bad proclamations, if they ! not allowed
to discuss and condemn them? If ever there was
a time in our history when free speech was ne
cessary, it is the present, for never had the A
merican people such grave and momentous ques
tions to discuHS. Uefore our country can be ex
tricated from its present sad condition and be
secured in the enjoyment of permanent peace,
it will be necessary, 1 have no doubt, for the
people of the several States to act on the sub
ject through the ballot box, and who will con-
J tend that they should be required to deal with
such vital considerations without discussion—
unrestrained discussion—in the press and on the
rostrum Many of the poor men of the coun
try regard that clause of the Conscription act
which presents a ready escape for rich from the,
carnage of tlie field, whilst it dooms them, be
cause of their poverty, as exceedingly unequal
and Unjust, and think it should be repealed or
changed. Will it be maintained that these men
have no right to express that opinion, and to
ask their fellow citizens, when they come to the
polls, to displace those who adopted the offen
sive measures? I trust not.
This right of free speech is the very essence
of our system of government, and hence the clear
and emphatic protection thrown about it by the
Constitution. Its freedom must be maintained
and vindicated in this crisis, or the country be
abandoned to desperation. The Democratic
party are for free speech anil a free press; for
law, for order, for free elections, and for the
Union as it was, and, with the blessing of God,
they will maintain these to the last.
It was not shown that Mr. Vullundigham had
advocated treason or disunion, much less that
he had committed the overt act of treason. He
had not boasted his labors of twenty years to
break up the Union. He had not denounced
the Constitution as a "covenant with hell and u
league witli the devil." It was not even charged
that he had, at any time maintained that our
"wayward sisters of the South should be allow
ed to depnrt in peace;" and yet the men who
said these things nre enjoying liberty of speech
in the midst of their friends, whilst Mr. Vallan
digham is banished from his home and his many
ardent admirers. No sentiment of disloyalty to
the Government or infidelity to the Union has
been traced to biin. His difference with thtf Ad
ministration was as to the best means of sus
taining the Government and saving the Union.
This is precisely the difference between the Ad
ministration and the Democratic party every
where, as it also is between Mr. Lincoln and
many of them who assisted to make hiiu Presi
dent. I yield to none in devotion to the Union,
nrid yet X could not reconcile support of the Ad
ministration with that devotion, because I believ
ed that many of its leading measures were cal
culated to destroy rather than to re-establish the
Union; and I am surely not. of those who rate
the Government and the Administration as the
same, and hold that because one is unfriendly to
the Administration, lie is necessarily unfaithful
to the Government. It would be about as sen
sible to claim that railroads and the ngents who
manage them are one and the same, and that he
who would condemn and displace an incompe
tent engineer, because he was about to run the
train off' the track arid kill the passengers, was
therefore a traitor to nil railroad enterprise. So,
resistance to an Administration, its usurpations
and its aggressions, may be true fidelity to the
Government.
The history of the world is so full of lessons
1 im the subject, that one would suppose that Mr.
Lincoln would be readily convinced that every
effort to suppress speech wonld be fuel to the
flames, and that his fiue policy is to invite free,
discussion and defy criticism. Should lie do this,
I have no doubt that in a short time the country
would abound with a more liberal sentiment
toward his Administration and its measures.—
Hut the people will never submit to restrictions
on the freedom of speech and the press; if they
cannot convince Mr. Lincoln and his friends of
this determination in uny other way, they will
do so with the ballot.
Now, gentlemen, I lave already said much
more than I had intended, for the condition ot
my throat, renders it unsafe foT me to make a
long speech in the night air. Indeed, 1 was
strongly inclined, when 1 came here, to say no
more than the late letter of Governor Seymour,
which I am confident you have nil read, expres
ses in bettor terms than 1 can command my own
views and sentiments touching the arrest and
banishment of Mr. Vallandigham.
Gov. Bigler spoke with much earnestness, and
his bold and vigorous enunciations elicited the
hearty plaudits of the assemblage.
Xo Half Way House.— The Pacific Echo pub
lished nt Napa, California, says:—"The politi
cal half-way house lias gone in, died out, met
with its grave, and now lies buried with the
past. One must now be a Democrat or Aboli
tionist; cither foi white man or for negro all o
ver; cither for intellect, mind, education ; or
for wool, a black skin, and ignorance. There
is no use denying the tact for it is as plain as
noon-day sun. The Abolitionists, under the
names of Republican and Union, have got pos
session of your National and State Administra
tions; and what are they doingT Creating
laws constantly for the advancement of the ne
gro, and the hanging of millstones about the
necks of white men."
335-The Columbus (Ohio) Cnsts speaking of
the action of the Government in the case of Mr.
Vallandigham, says:
Would to God that the authorities were fully
sensiblo of the great blunder they have made,
of the slumbering Volcano underneath. Who
counsels, who advises them? Surely not men of
sense —of patriotism, nor lovers of order and
safety- We pray for peace, for law, and for
order, but we fear that our prayers are but
mockeries. If troubles come, let it rest on the
shoulders of tlioso who would have it so-