1 .....i,L. .!
THE BEDFORD GAZETTE
ailhriiatO .itty-iK--vt'Xvl/-—..••..• ;i'<
M rußcwaei) cvnti PRIDST UOBNINO
Bit B. P. MEYERS,
At the follpwjni term*, tp wit i
fl 00 p annum, if paid within the year.
$9.30 " " , if not paid withiu the year.
tjy-No lobacription taken lor leae than si* raonthe.
ar-No paper discontinued until all airearageeare
•aid, unless at the option of the publishei. It has
bean decided by the United States Courts that the
stoppage of a newspaper without the payment of
arrearages, is prima faeit evidence of fraud and as
a criminal offence.
BTThe courts hare decided that persons are ac
countable for the subscription price of newspapers,
if they take them from the post office, whether they
subscribe for them, or not.
• THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Ftllow Cititen* of the Senate and Home of Rep•
reecntativcs:
Since your last annual assembling, another
year of health and bountiful harvests has pass
ed, and, while it has not pleased the Almighty
to blesa us with a return of peace, we can but
prase on, guided by the beet light He gives us,
trusting, in His own good time and wise way,
all will be well.
The correspondence touching foreign affairs,
which has taken place during the past year, is
herewith submitted, in virtual compliance with
a roqueat to that effect, made by the House of
Representatives, near the close of the last ses
sion of Congress. If the condition of our re
lations with other nations is less gratifying than
it has usually been at former periods, it is cer
tainly more satisfactory than a nation so unhap
pily distracted as we are, might reasonably have
apprehended. In the month of June last there
were some grounds to expect that the maritime
powers, which, at the beginning of our domes
tio difficulties, so unwisely and unnecessarily,
as we thihk, recognized the insurgents as a bel
ligerent, would soon reoodc from that position,
which has proved only less injurious to them
selves than to our country. But the temporary
reverses which afterwards befell the National
arms, and which were exaggerated by our dis
loyal citizens abroad, have hitherto delayed
that simple act of justice.
The civil war, which has so radically chang
ed for a moment the occupations and habits of
the American people, has necessarily disturbed
the social conditions and affected very deeply
the nations with wliich we have carried on n
commerce that has been steadily increasing
throughout a period of half a century. It has
at the same time, excited political ambitions and
apprehensions, which have produced a profound
agitation throughout the civilized world. In
this unusual agitation we have forborne from
taking part in any controversy, between foreign
states, and betwoen parties or factions in such
states. We have attempted no propagandism
and acknowledged no resolution. Put wo hare
left to every nation the exclusive conduct and
management of its own affairs. Our struggle,
of course, is contemplated by foreign nations
with reference less to its own merits than to its
suppose 1 and often exaggerated effect", and the
consequonce resulting to those nations them
selves. Nevertheless, complaint on the part of
this government, even if it were just, would
osrtainly be uAwise.
The treaty with Groat Britain for the sup
pression of the African slave trade, has beon
put into operation with a good prospect of suc
cess. It is an n/~ "•*- -* ■-t—. p""-—"
acknowledge that the execution of it on the part
of Iler Majesty's Government, has been mark
ed with a jealous respect for the authority of the
United States, and the rights of their moral
and loyal citizens.
The convention with Hanover for the aboli
tion of the state dues has been carried into full
effect under the act of Congress for that pur
pose. A blockade of 8,000 miles of sea coast
could not be established and vigorously enforced
in a season of great commercial activity like the
present without committing occasional mistakes
and inflicting unintentional injaries upd for
eign nntions and their subjocts.
A civil war, occurring in a covfltry where
foreigners reside and carry on tmdc under trca
ty stipulations, is necessarily fruitful of com
plaints of the violation of neutral rights ; all
such collisions tend to excite misapprehensions,
and possibly to produce mutual reclamations
between nations which have a common interest
in preserving peace and friendship. In clear
eases of these kinds, I havo, so far as possible,
heard and redressed complaints which have been
presected by friendly powers. There is, how
ever, a large and augmenting number of doubt
ful eases, upon which the Government is tiiA
bla to agree with the governments whose protec
tien is demanded by the claimants. There are,
moreover, many eases in which the U. States
or their eitisens suffer wrongs from the naval or
military authorities of foreign nations, which
the governments of these states are not at once
prepared to redress. I have proposed to some
wf the foreign states thus interested, mutual
conventions, to examine and adjust such com
plaints. Thie proposition has been made espe
cially toGreatßrltain, toFranee, to Spain, and
to Prussia.
In each ease it lias been kindly received, but
has not yet been formally adopted. I deem it
my duty to recommend an appropriation in be
half of the owners of tho Norwegian bark Ad-
SotTal P. Tordons Hivla, which vessel was, in
May, 1862, prevented by the commander of the
blockading force, off Charleston, from leaving
that port with her cargo, notwithstanding a
similar privilege had shortly before been grant
ad to an English vessel. I havo directed the
Secretary of State to cause the papers in the
case to be communicated to the proper commit
tee. Applications have been made to mo by
many free Americans of African descent, to fa
vor their emigration with a view to such colo
nization as wfts contemplated in recent nets of
Congress. Other parties, at home and abroad,
some from interested motives, others upon pat
riotic considerations, and still others influenced
by philanthropic sentiments, have suggested
similar measures; while on the other hand, se
veral of the Spanish Amerioan Republics have
protested against the sending of such colonies
to their respective territories. Under these cir
cumstances, I have declined to move any such
colony to any state, without first obtaining the
consent of its government, with an agreement
•n its part to receivffand protect such emigrants
in all their rights of freemen, and I have at the
same time offered to the several states situated
in the tropics or having colonies there, to nego
tiate with them, subject to the advice and con
sent ef the Senate, to favor the voluntary emi
gration of persons of that class to their respec
tive territories upon conditions which shall lie
VOLUME 09.
NEW SERIES.
equal, jost and humane. Liberia and Hayti
are ns yet the only countries to which colonists
of African descent from here could go with cer
tainty of being received and adopted as citizens,
and I regret to say that such persons, contem
plating colonization, do not seem so willing to
emigrate to these opuutries as to some others,
nor so willing as I think their interest demands.
I believe, however, the opinion among them in
this respect, is improving, and that ere long,
there will be an augmented and considerable
.emigration to both these countries from the U
nited States.
The new commercial treaty between the Uni
ted States nnd the Sultan of Turkey has been
carried into execution. A commercial and con
sular treaty has been negotiated, subject to the
Senate's consent, with Liberia, and a similar ne
gotiation is now pending with the Republic of
Hayti. A considerable improvement of the tia-
tional coram jrcc is expected to result from those
measures. Our relations with Great Britain,
France, Spain, Portugal, Russia, Prussia, Den
mark, Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands, Italy,
Homo, and the other European States remain
undisturbed. Very favorable relations also con
tinue to bo maintained with Turkey, Morocco,
China and Japan. During the last year there
has not only been no change of our previous re
lations with the independent states of our own
continent, friendlier sentiments than have herc
tafore existed arc believed to be entertained by
these neighbors whose safety and progress are
so intimatoly connected with our own. This
statement especially applies to Mexico, Costa
Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Peru and Chili.
The commission, under the Convention with the
Republic of New Grenada, closed its sessions
without having audited and passed upon all the
claims which were submitted to it. A propo
sition is pending to revive the convention, that
it may be able to do more complete justice. The
commission between the United States and the
Republic of Costa Rica has completed it 3 la
bors and submitted its report. I have favored
the project for connecting the United States
with Europe, by au Atlantic telegraph, and a
similar project to extend the telegraph from San
Francisco to connect by a Pacific telegraph with
tho wire which is being extended across the
Russian Empire.
Tho territories of tlie United States, with un
important exceptions, have remained undistur
bed by the civil war, and tboy are exhibiting
such evidence of prosperity as justifies an ex
pectation that some of them will soon be in a
condition to be organized as States and bo con
stitutionally admitted into the Federal Union.
The immense material resources of these terri
sibie. Every step in that "AretcmtrWraia nave
a tendency to improve the revenues of the gov
ernment and diminish the burdens of the people.
It is worthy of your serious consideration whe
ther eome extraordinary measures to prornyf
the end cannot be adopted. The mea-" which
suggested itself as most likely to effective is
a scientific exploration of mineral regions
in these territories with a v ' uw t0 t ' lo - Pbhca-
I t)o n of its results at home and in foreign conn
tries, results which cannot fail to be auspicious.
The condition of the finances will claim your
most diligent consideration. The vast expen
ditures incident to the military and naval ope
rations required for the suppression ot the re
bellion, have hitherto been mot with a promp
titude and certainty unusual in similar circum
stance. I ®, and the public credit lias beon main
tained. The continuance of the war, however,
and tho increased disbursements made necessa
ry by the augmented forces now in tho field,
demand yonr lwst reflections as to tho best mode
of providing the necessary revenuo without in
jury to business, and with the least possible bur
dens upon labor. Tho suspension ol specie
payments by tho banks soon after the commence
ment of your last session made large issues of
United Stales notes unavoidable. In no other
way' could the payment of the troops and the
satisfaction of oillpr just demands Iw so econom
ically or as well provide,-! lor. Tho judicious
legislation of Congress securing f he reccivalidi
ty of those notes for loans ur.d intern'? l duties,
and making them a legal tender tor other do..' 3
has made them universal currency, and has sat
isfied, partially at least, and for the time, the
long felt want of a uniform circulating medium,
saving thereby to the people immense sums in
discounts and exchanges.
A return to specie payments, however, at the
earliest period compatible with due regard to all
interests, ehonld ever bo kept in view.
Fluctuations in the vidua of currency arc al
ways injurious, and to reduce these fluctuation#
to the lowest possible point will always be a
lending purpose in wise legislation.
Convertibility, prompt and cortain converti
bility into coin, is generally acknowledged to
be the best and surest safeguard against them,
and it is extremely doubtful whether n circula
tion of United States notes, payable in coin
and sufficiently large for the wnnts of the peo
ple can be permanently, usefully and safely main
tained. Is there any other mode in which the
necessary provision for the public wants can be
made, and the great advantages of a safe and
uniform currency secured? I know of none
wliich promises so certain results, nnd at the
same time so objectionable, as tho organization
of banking associations under a general act of
Congress, well guarded in its provisions. To
BuclTassociations the government might furnish
circulating notes on tho security of L. States
bonds deposited in the treasury. These notes,
prepared under tho supervision of proper offi
cers, being uniform in appearance and security,
and convertible always into coin, would at onco
protect labor against tho evils of n vicious cur
rency and facilitate commerce by cheap and safe
oxebanges. A moderate reservation from the
interest on the bonds would compensate the U.
States for tho preparation and distribution of
the notes, a general supervision of tho system,
and would lighten the burden of that part of
the public debt employed as securities.
Freedom of Thtngfct and Opinion.
BEDFORD, PA., FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 12, 1862.
The public credit moreover would bo grcitly
improved and the negotiation of new loans great
ly facilitated by the steady market demand for
governrnent bonds, which the adoption of the
proposod system would create. It is an mjli
tional recommendation of the measure of con
siderable weight in my judgment that wo>ld
reconcile, as far as possible, all existing infer
i eats by the opportunity offered to existing intti- I
tutions to reorganize under the act, substituting I
' only the secured uniform national circulation
■ for the local and various circulation, seemed
and unsecured, now issued by thein.
The receipts into the treasury from all sosr
-1 ces, including loans, and balance troui the pre
ceding year, for the fiscal year ending on the I
; 30thof June, 1832, were $.582,885,247 0.1,0f
which sum $49,056,397 62 were derived frtm
customs; $1,705,331 72 from the direct tax;
from public lands, $152,203 77; from miscel
laneous sources $931,786 64; from loans in all
forms, $520,602,460 50. The remainder, $2.-'
527,065 80, was the balance from last year, j
The disbursements during tbo samo period (
were: For Congressional, Executive and Judi- j
cial purposes, $5,939,009 29; for foreign is- ;
tcrcoursp, $ 1,339,710 35; for miscellaneons '•
expenses, including the mints, loans, post office ;
I deficiencies, collection of revenue, and other t
like charges, $15,129,771 50; for expenses un-;
dor the Interior Department, $3,102,985 Sfl; '
under the War Department, $391,368,407 Si; !
under the Navy Department, $42,674,569 (t);
for interest on the debt, §13,190,324 45; apd
for the payment of the public debt, including ;
reimbursement of temporary loan and redemp
tions, $96,090,922 69; making an aggregate
of §570,841,700 25, and leaving a balance in '
the Treasury on the, Ist of July, 1802, of sl3,- ■
043,540 81. It should be observed that'
sum of $96,090,992 00, expended for reim
bursement and redemption of the publicklebl,
being included also in the loans made, uiiy be!
properly deducted both from the receipts and
expenditure!*, leaving the actual receipts for the
year, §487,788,324 97, and the expenditures j <
$474,744,788 16. Other information n the I
subject of the finances will be found in the re-'
port of the Secretary of the Treasury, tow|iose 1i
statements and views I invite your most candid ,
and considerate attention. T j,
The reports of the Secretaries of the ifnry j j
and War are herewith transmitted. Tlie£ re- ]
ports, though lengthy, are certainly noting i,
rnoro than brief abstracts of the very numerous j s
and extensive transactions and operations km- ;
ducted through these departments. Nor child >
I give any summary of them here upon v\y f
principle which would admit nf :*-->• • * mere- |
tore content myself with laying the reports be- ,
fore you, and asking your atteutio" ' non \. ,
me pleas- ~ report Abided im- ]
r . ovement tu the financial condition of the Post |
Office Department as compared with several' {
preceding years, The receipts of the fiscal year \ <
1861, amounted to $8,349,296 40, which em- j t
braced the revenue from all the States ot the j ,
Union for three-quarters of that year, notwith- <
standing the cessution of revenues from the so- j i
called seceding States during the last fiscal year, j;
The increase of the correspondence ot the loyal 1 <
slutes has been sufficient to produce a revenue j;
during the samo year of $8,299,820 90, being)
only $50,000 less than was derived from all the ; ]
States of the Union during the previous year, i
The expenditures show a still moro favorable j
result. The amount expended in 1861, was ,
$13,600,759 11. For the last year the amount J
has been rcduoed to $11,125,364 43, showing
a decrease of about $2,481,000 in the expendl-1
Uircs as compared with the preceding year, a-;
bout $3,750,000 as compared with the fiscal
year, 1861. The deficiency in the department!
for the previous year was $4,551,966 98. For
tlio last fiscal year it was reduced to $'2,112,-1
814 58. These favorable results are in part
owing to tho ocv.ition of mail service in the in-,
surreetionary states, and in part to a careful re
view of the expenditures in that department, in
the interest of economy. The efficiency of tho |
postal service, it is believed, lias also been much |
improved.
The Postmaster General also opened a cor-1
fsoyndence, through the Department of State,
with foreign governments, proposing a conven
tion of postal representatives, for the purpose
of simplifying th* rates of foreign postage, and
to expedite ft.,' foreign mails. This proposition, I
equally important, 1° otir adopted citizens and
to the commercial iiitercs.'s of this country, has ]
been favorably entertained anJ agreed to by all
the governments from whom replit-3 have beoil J
received. 1 ask the attention of Congress to i
the suggestions of the Postmaster General, in
his report, as to the further legislation required,
in his opinion, for the benefit of the postal sere j
vie.
Tho Secretary of the Interior reports as fob
lows in regard to the public lands; The pub
lic lands have ceased to be a source of j
From the Ist of July, 1861, to the 30th of
September, 1862, the entire cash receipts from
the sale of lands were $137,476 26, a sum much
less than the expense of our land system du
ring the same jieriod. The Homestead law,
which will take effect en the Ist of January
next, oft'ors such inducements to settlers that
sales for cash cannot be expected to an extent
sufficient to meet the expenso of the general land )
office, and the cost of surveying and bringing |
land into market. The discrepancy bet ween tho j
sum here stated as arising from tho sales of the
public lands nnd the sum derived from the same
source, as reported from the Treasury Depart
ment, arises, as I understand, from tho fact that
the periods of time, though apparently, were
not really coincident at the beginning points,
l the Treasury report including a considerable ;
sum now which had previously been reported i
from the Interior, sufficiently large as greatly to '
overreach the sum derived from the three months
now reported upon by tho Interior, and not by '
the Treasury. I
The Indian tribes upon our frontiers have,
' during the past year, manifested a spirit of in
■ subordination, and at several points have en
gaged in opeu hostilities against the white set
i tlements in that vicinity. The tribes occupying
the Indian country South of Kansas renounced
their allegiance to the United States, and enter
ed into treaties with the insurgents. Those
who remained loyal to the United States were
driven from the country. The Chief of the
Cherokces visited this city, for the purpose of
restoring the former relations of the tribe with
the United States. lie alleges that they were
constrained by superior force to enter into trea
ties with the insurgents, and that the United
States neglected to furnish the protection which
their treaty stipulations required. In the month
of August lat, the Sioux Indians, of Mimics
iota, attacked the settlements in their vicinity,
with extreme ferocity, killing indiscriminately
men, women and children. This attack was
wholly unexpected, and, therefore, no means
lof defence had been provided. It is estimated j
I that not loss than 899 persons were killed by j
j the Indians, and large umount of property was '
i destroyed. How this outbreak was induced is J
: not definitely known, and suspicions, which
; may be uujust, need not be stated. Infornia
| tion was received from the Indian Bureau, from
j different sources, about the time hostilities were
, commenced, that a simultaneous attack was to
i be made upon the white settlements by all the
' tribes between the Mississippi river and the
Kocky mountains. The State of Minnessota
| has suffered great injury from this Indian war.
• A largo portion of her territory has been de
j populated and a severe loss has been sustained
by tho destruction of properly. The people
| of that State manifest much anxiety for the re
moval of the tribes beyond the limits of tho
State, as a guarantee against future hostilities, j
The Commissioner of Indian Affairs will furn
ish full details. P submit for your especial| |
whether our Indian system shall ! 1
not bo remodeled. Many wise and good men '
have been impressed with the belief that this '
can profitably be done. <
I submit a statement of tho proceedings of 1
the Commissioners, which shows the progress
that has been made in the enterprise of con- i
structing the Pacific railroad, and this suggests 1
the earliest completion of the road, and also the 1
favorable action of Congress upon the projects *
now pending before them for enlarging the ca- '
parities of the canals in Now York and Illinois, 'J
as being of vital and rapidly increasing impor- g
tanco to the whole nation and especially to the v
vast interior region, hereafter to ba noticed at I
T oroposo havimr Drepa- r
- c
upon thisjubject Hirer Ls f
prese'nted in the report of Dan'l. Webster to the '
Secretary of War, and now transmitted to Con-
gross. I respectfully ask attention to it. Tocarry >
out the provisions ot the act of Congress of t
the 15th May last, I have caused the Depart- <
ment of Arg'iculture of the United States to be £
organized. The Commissioner informs me that i
within the period of a few months the Depart- <
ment has established an cxtensivo system of <
correspondence and exchanges, both at. home j
and abroad, which promise to effect highly ben- >
cficial results in the development of a correct i
knowledge of recent improvements in agriculture,
in the introductions of new products nnd in the
collection of tho agricultural sntistics of tho 1
different States ; also that it will soon bo pre- 1
pared to distribute largely seeds, cereals, plants (
on-1 cuttings, and has already published and 1
liberally diffused much valuable iuformation, i
in anticipation of a moro elaborate report, 1
which will in due time be furnished, embracing )
some valuable tests iffjehemioal science, now in
progress in tho laboratory. Tbo creation of
this Department was for the more immediate i
bonefil of a large class of our most valuable fit- <
izens, nnd I trust that the liberal basis upon i
which it has been organized will not only meet
your approbation, but that it will realizo, at no
distant day, all the fondest anticipations of its )
| most sanguine friends, and become tho faithful
source of advantage to all our people.
On tho 22d day of September last, a procla- i
rnntion wass issued by tho Executive, a copy
of which is herewith submitted.
In accordance with the purpose expressed in
i the second paragraph of that paper, I now res
! peel fully recall your attention to what may be
! called "Compensated Emancipation." Ana
' tion may be said to consist ol its torritoi}, its j
people and its laws. '
I The territory is the only part which is of cer
tuiff durability.
One pfiwwth AWAY* f And Another |
generation coraetli, but the earth abideth forev
er. It is of the first importance to duly consid
!er and estimate this ever enduring part. That
portion of the card's surface which is owned
and inhabited by the people of the U. States
i is well ndadted to be the home of one national
; family, and it is not well adapted for two or
more. Its vast extent and its variety of cli
mate and productions are of advantage in the
age for one people, whatever they might have
been in former ages. Steam and telegraphs, in
intelligence, have brought these to be an advan
tageous combination for one united people.
In the inaugural address I briefly pointed
I out the total inadequacy of disunion as a reme
! Uy for differences between the people of the two
| sections, I did so in language which I cannot
improve, and which therefore, I beg to repeat:
"One section of our country believes slavery to
be right, aud ought to be extended, while the
other believes it is wrong, and ought not to be
extended. This is the only substantial dispute.
The fugitive slave clause of the Constitution,
and the law for the suppression of the African ;
i slave trade, are each us well enforced, perhaps, ,
as any law can over bo in a community where j
the moral sense of tho people imperfectly sup- j
t ports the law itself. The great body of the j
I peoplo abide by the dry legal obligation in both
cases, and a few break over in each. This, I ,
WHOLE NUMBER, 3034
- think, cannot be perfectly cared, and it would
- be worse in both cases after the scparatt on of
- the sections than before. The foreign slave
r trade, now imperfectly suppressed, would bo
i I ultimately revived without restriction in one
-. section, while fugitive slaves, now only parti
e ally surrendered, would not be surrendered at
B all by the other. Physically speaking, we can
s not separate; we can't remove our respective
f sections from each other, nor build an impassi
i b'e wall between them. A husband and wife
> may be divorced, and go out of the presence
■ and beyond the reach of each other, but the
I different parts of our country cannot do this,
i They cannot but remain face to face, and inter
i course cither amicable or hostile must contin
■ ue between them. Is it impossible, then, to
make that intercourse more advantageous or
■ more satisfactory after separation than before?
i Can aliens make treaties easier than friends can
i make laws? Can treaties be more faithfully en
, i forced between aliens than laws among friends ?
i Suppose you go to war, you cannot fight always,
I and when, after much loss on both sides, and
I no gain ou either, you cease fighting, tbo iden
j tical old questions as to terms of intercourse are
again upon you.
There is no line straight or crooked, suitable
for a national bouudary upon which to divide.
1 race through, from East to West, upon the
line between the free and slave country, and
wc shall find little more than rivers easy to bo
crossed and populated, or soon to bo populated
thickly upon both sides, while nearly all its re
remaining length or one-third of its length are
merely surveyors' lines, over which people may
walk back and any consciousness of
their presence. No part of this line can be
made any more difficult to pass by writing it
■ down on paper or parchment, ftfl a national
j boundary. Tho fact of separation, if it comes,
j gives up, on the part of sectional obligations
: upon the seceding section, the fugitive slave clau
ses, along with all other constitutional obligations
upon the section seceded from—while I should
expect no treaty stipulation would ever be made
to take its place.
But there is another difficulty. The great
interior region, bounded East by tho Allegbe
nies, North by the British dominions, West by
Rocky Mountains, South by the line along
which the culture of cotton and corn meet",
and which incltflfcs part of Virginia, part of
Tennessee, all of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana Mich
gan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, lo
wa, Minnesota, and the territories of Dakotah,
Nebraska, andpart of Colorado, have above ten
millions of people, and will have fifty millions
one thml ot tne country owneu uy Gtt&tsi (
States, certainly more than one million of square
miles ; once half as populous as Massachusetts
already is, it would have more than seventy five
millions of people. A glance at the map shows
that, territorial speaking, it is the great WSdy
of the Republic. The other parts are but mar
ginal borders to it, tho magnificent region slop
ing West from the Rocky Mountains to the Pa
cific bring the deepest and also the richest in
undevT'loped resources in the production of
provisions, grains, grasses, and all which proceed
from them, this great interior region is natu
rallv one of the most important in the world.
Asccrtui n from tho statistics the small pro
portion of the region which has as yet been
brought into cultivation, and a large and rapid
ly increasing amount of its products, and wc
shall be overwhelmed with the magnitude of
the prospect presented; and yet this region lias
no sea caost, touches no ocean anywhere. As
part of one nation, its people now find, and
may forever find, their way to Europe by New
York, to South America and Africa, by New
Orleans, and to Asia by San Francisco. But
separate onr common country into two nations,
as designed by the present rebellion, and every
man of this great interior region is hereby cut
off from soino ono or more of these outlets, not
perbnps by a physical barrier, but by embar
rassing onerous trade regulations, and this
is true wherever a dividing or boundary lino
may be fixed. Place it between the now free
nnd slave country, or place is South of Ken
tucky, or North of Ohio, and still the truth re
mains, that nono South of it can trade to any
port North of it, and none North of it can
trade to any port or placo South of it, except
upon terms dictated by a government foreign to
them.
Tho outlets East, West and South are indis
pensable to the well being of the people inhab
iting and to inhabit this vast interior region.
Which of the threo may be the best is no prop
er question. All aro butter than either and all
of right belong to that people and to their suc
cessors forever. True to thomselves, they will
not- ask where a line of separation shall be, but
will vow rather that there shall bo no such line.
Nor are the marginal regions less interested in
these communications to and through Uicm to
the great outside world.—They too and each of
them must have access to this Egypt of the
West, without paying toll at the crossing of a
ny national boundary. Our national strife
sprung not from our permanent part, not from
the land we inhabit, not from our national
homestead. There is no possible severing of
this but would multiply, and not mitigate, evils
among us. In all its adaptations and aptitudes
it demands union and abhors separations. In
fact, it would ere long force re-union, however
much of blood and treasure the separation might
have cost. Our strife pertains to ourselves, to
passing generations of men, and it cannot with
out convulsion he hushed forever with the pas
sing of one generation.
In this view I recommend the adoption of
the following resolution and articles amend
atory to the Constitution of the United States.
Resolved, By tho Senate and Houso of Rep
resentatives of tho United States of America,
in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Hou
' scs concurring, that the following Articles be
! proposed to tho Legislatures or Conventions of
On. 8 ®5 tei> of
n2?I w,e ' t or Icis.. _. . .
1 "•
Two squares 300 300 800
Three squares nO B 700 18 00
?J; 0 Brnn •00 800 10 00
aro " 800 IS 00 SO 00
4 Column ....... i, 00 18 00 30 flo
°" e .Column 18 00 30 00 00 00
Administrators' end Execotore' notice* $2.50. Alu
ditore noticeg $1.50, if under IS line., $8:00 if
.'."o* * square end leu than 20 linei. Kitrav.,
01.20, if hot one head is advertised, 25 cents for
every additional bead.
The space occupied by ten lines of this site of
type counts one sqpare. All fractions of a square
under tree lines tfill be measured as a half admire;
and all over live lines as a faff square. All fetal
advertisements aril) be charged to the person bead
ing them tn.
VOL 6. NO. 19
tip several States, its Amendments to the Coti*
stTFution of the United stated, all or nny of
which Articles, when ratified by three*fourths
of the said Legislatures or Conventions, to b
valid, as part or parts of the said Constitution
viz:
Every State, wherein Slavery now'
exists, which shall abolish the same at any
time or times before before the first day of Jan
uary in the year of our Lord, one thousand
nine hundred, shall receive compensation from
the United States, as follows, to wit: The Pres
ident of the United States shall deliver to ever
-7 "ach State, bonds of the U. S. bearing inter
est at the rate of -for each slave shown to
have been therein by the eighth census of the
United States; said bonds to be delivered to such
State by installraen, or in one parcel at the
abolislunen, accordingly as same shall have been
gradual or at ohe time within such State; and
interest shall begin to;run upon any such bond
only from the proper time of its delivery as afore
said and afterwards. Any state having receiv
ed bonds as rforesaid, and afterwards introdu
cing and tolerating slavery therein, shall refund
to the United States all the lionds so received,
or the value thereof, and all interests paid there
on.
Article—All slaves who shall have enjoyed
actual freedom, by the chances of the war, at
any time, before the end of the rebellion shall
bo forever free, but all owners of such, who shall
J not have been disloyal, shall be compensated
for them at the same rates as iB poovided for
.States adopting abolishment of Slavery, but in
such a way that no slave shall be twice ac-"
counted for.
may appropriate money
ana otherwise provide for colonizing free color-'
ed persons, with their own consent, in unf
place or places without the United States.
I beg indulgence to diaeuss ttte proposed arti
cles at some length. Without slavery, the rebell
ion could never have existed ; without slavery ir
could not continue. Among the frienda of the O.
nion there is great diversity of sentiment ant of
policy in regard to slavery arid the African race a
mongst us. Some would abolish it suddenly—anil''
without compensation, some would abolish it grad
ually and with comper.s ition, tome would remove
the Creed people from us, and some would retain
them with us, and there are yet other minor divi
sions. Because of these diversities we waste Much
strength in struggles among ourselves, by Mutual
I concessions we should harmonize and aet together.
Thia would be a compromise among the friends and
not with the enemies of the Onion. These article*
are .nterided to arobody a plan of such mutual con
cessions. If the plan shall be adopted, it is assu
med that the emancipation will follow, at least in
"miUiwvwrr! S '*jf'" A * t0 ,h "tide, tfa*
factory to the advocates of perpetual alaverv T
the length of time ehould greatly mitigate thiV bt
o h e"r. , nven P * re * ,M ' ,h ,M# * tb *
evils of audden derangemvi,., , , unrtiar
aity of any derangnmeoti whilst most_
habitual course of thought will be diituibed by the'
measures will have passed away before its eon Slim*"
mation. They will never see it.
Another class will hail the prospect of eman
cipation, but will deprgcate the loss of tiros'.—
They will feci that it gives too little to the now
willing slaves. But it really gives them much.
It saves them from the vagrant destitution which
must largely attend immediate emancipation in
localities where their numbers are very great,
and it gives them the inspiring assurance that
their posterity shall be free forever. The plan
leaves it to each State choosing to' act under
it, to abolish slavery now or at the end of the
century, or at nny other intermediate lime, or
by degrees, extending over the whole or any
pnrt of the period, and it obliges no two States
to proceed alike. It also provides for compen-'
sat ion and generally the mode of making it.
This, it would seem, must further mitigata'
the dissatisfaction of those who favor perpet
ual slavery, nud especially of those who ore to
receive the compensation. Doubtless some of
those who are to pay and not to receive will
object, yet the measure is both jußt and eco
nomical. In a certain senso the liberation' of
slaves is the destruction of property —property
acquired by descent or by purchase, the same
as any other property. It is no less true for
having been so often said that the people of the
South are not more responsible for the original
introduction of this property than are the peo
ple of the North, and when it is remembered
how unhesitatingly we all use cotton and sugar,
and share the profits of dealing in them, it may
not be quite safe to say tlmt the South has been
inoro responsible than the North for its contin
uance. If then, for a common object, the prop
ertyisto be sacrificed, is it not just that it should
he done at a common charge? And if with leas
money or money more easily paid we can pre
serve tho benefits of the Union by this means'
than we can by tho war alone, is it not econom
ical to do sot
Let us consider it then. Let us ascertain the"
sum l wo have expended in the war since the
compensated emancipation was proposed last
March, and consider whether if that measere
ha<l been promptly accepted, by even some of
the Slavo States, the same would have dono
more to close the war than has been done oth
erwise. If so, the measure would save money,
and in that view would be a prudent and eco
nomical measure. Certainly it is not w easy to
pay something as to pay nothing, but it is easi
er to pay a large sum than it is to pay a larger
one. And it is easier to pay any sum when
wo are able than it is tb pay it before we are:•
ble. The law requires largo sums andmqubc#
them at onoe. The aggregate sum nKasary
for compensation of course would be huge, but
but it would require no ready cash, nor tha
bonds even, any faster than the emancipation
progresses.
This might not and probably would nnt cloat
before the end of the thirty-seven yoanr. At
that time we shall probably haVe a hundred
millions of people to share the burden instead
of the thirty-one millions M now: Apd hot
only so, but the incroase of our population may