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ARM fiOilll£SPiDE
CAMP 55th IJKOT., Pa. Vols.. \
Kmsnro ISI.AXO, S. C. >
April (ith, 18!i2. )
DEVI: V1T..1.:
I thought I would just drop you :i few
linos to let you know that Koabrook is fitil
flourishing, "which by the* way is saying rauel
<1 own here, as you will hereafter learn that i:
Ins Iron in soon danger, alon ; with everything
else right around here. Lb C 1. llenaet ol the
fi.fih, P. V., having been in bil hoalth for
Roin •' ten tluaght a sojourn of a tow weeks at
w >.il Id > him so:n •gj>l. h 1 acenr
ilingU- m ilo bis ipi id -r.t th -re i i e imp my with
thewovarmnint agents, Provo-it M irsh ill, &r.
"When I got over tii-re b> wis just about start
ing out Oil a little ri lei i conn mv with a (1 >v
onunentagent :I a Lieut, belonging to the
47th N.Y. Vol- ll' remark •1 to m> after
showing mi through th > lmu<e, &•., that he
wOulil only begone a few bourn an I hoped I
would be there wlien be returned. '1 he same
nh'lit, about 2 o'clock, the Provost Marshall
cam' to Capt. Rennet's M-*rkoc (Lt. Col's br.)
an 1 n-ke 1 him if the Li "at. C >l. an I party were
there. IMngt il lth it tu-v ii 11 nit been in camp
that d v. lie s d I, "they bare be m taken priso
ners bv th' rebels," which unfortunately ba
proved true, for they have not been hoard of
since.—') \ th" foil c.vi eg day at I o'clock P. M
companies A. C. 1). L. and 14,I 4 , received order
to "scatter in ambush*' over the Islan 1. I was
ordered to make mv quarters in a lions' lately
occupied by Rev. Win. .lolinson. an liiiseopal
Minister, and on a bond of St. Pierre Creek,
reached the place about da -k, throw out my
pickets an I Went to b • 1; rem lined in this posi
tion until the following friday morning, when
Col. W. came along an l ordered mi to s.ml a
picket of one S 'l'gea it, 2 en.'p irnls an 1 tvvelv ■
men to two hoiis ts abviii' a mil' ail a halt
from my quarters' on the right bunk ot the
stream. 1 obeyed order.', paste. 1 the pickets my
self, an I the sain' evening s-mi s 'fgenntan i lib
of mm to the pickets with the countersign, &c.
About half an hour after dark the sergeant
came into mv room with just enough breath 1 •11
to sav that our picket had b'cn attache 1. Li
two minutes after war.ls, I with the balance ol
the eompanv, was going a' a double quick in
the dirction of tin picket, while H m'ssimgar
Was traveling at no slower pace to Col. V bite c
Head ditarter-*. I.' was ps dark as Ivrypt and
as still as d nidi, but on wo went expecting ev
ery moment to hear the rebel bullets whistling
rtronn 1 our heals from the dense thicket on
each side of our path, but on getting near the
first bouse, instead of a recaption in to" shape
of a piece of lead, f recognise! in the cry "whe
comes there," the voice ot a m anber ot co. 1).
Without stopping but to ask, 1m l any one beer
hurt, how inanv had be m sen. and it they hail
heard from the" other picket, 1, believing tin
upper party to be. in the most danger, bastenei
on to them, leaving half of the company at tin
first, with orders to retreat buck to camp ii
"Secesb" came too strong. Pound the tippet
picket taking tl.i igs easy, bad n if seen any body,
and were ro-iuforccd bv a Lieut, and Hi iner
from company C. Returned to the first and luc
not been there.two minutes, when buy// went :
musket, along the, shore, down 1 went with the
whole company, tlio guard running in, made
thoni fall into ranks, an 1 along the shore wi
went at a charge bayonet, but it was so durli
that I could not se the en 1 ot the company,
and one time while counter inarching the right
of the company, the left chargedonlhcm think
ing them rebels. I stationed the whole compa
ny in groups of fours along the water, wit!
orders to lie down and shoot the first man then
saw moving on land or water; the order was o
beyod as far as possible, for a more quiet crowi
never sat in a.church. We remained in this
position for about four hours when en's. 1! ant
K arrived wiih .Tin along. To make a Ion;,
story short, we put a strong guard along th
the stream and found that two ot our men bat
tired fit a crowd not over five si -p* from them
but it was FO d irk (hyycouid not see liovv many
or even get sigh! on them to kill i!i 'in. Ila
next morning wo saw wls'iv ten or twelve ha
landed and gone ivwnv again in a small boat
They were rebels and their object was to cap
ture a few of our pickets. I requested ant
pot permission to move mv company to the
point. The next evening the Co!., dim ant
company I, canto to my quarters; the Col. salt
as I knew a good deal about the country aboul
there ho wanted me to put co. I in the roan ti
McMiolint l's plantation, saving the Map loeatei
it at the mouth of St. Peirre Ciwk. All I hai
to do was to put them in the road on the otliei
side of the swamps. 1 should then return 1<
my company, have one days rations cooked
and in the morning start, follow up St. Pierre
find and try to effect a landing on H iilcy's Is
land. After the Col. left, Jim told me if I
would go all the way with co. I, as lie had tr
go. he would return and go along ith him it
the morning. We started a lit tie. before dark am
got back about Ift. having walked sonic ter
miles: went to bed, 'got up early next morning,
started up St. Peirre, came to a little creek,
saw a boat on the other side, one of the boyf
swam over, rowed it hick, went across, though
we were on Bnilev's: saw a company some dis
tanee off, snppcs'd they were rebels, approach
ed very cautiously, found they were all right
part of the ootli; went on and landed at co. (J":
quarters, when we discovered we bad m;ulo r
complete semicircle, and were further from TJai
ley's than when we started; turned back, me
the Col. at our quarters, reported to him. Ih
said it was the only way in which we could oh
tain a knowle l ' *c of the country, or rather th:
swamps. Had a very peaceable time all tha
week. ' Oa the following Saturday 1 sent a mat
down to camp to try and get mo something t<
eat, as I had been living on fat pork and slnj
jacks made out of flour and water long e
nough. lie didn't succeed, but said all the Reg
volume as.
\ T EW SERIES.
im mt hil l k'ft C!iin;> except co. 1> some tlire
or four days before; also that company* E am
I' had l)een slaughtered by thb rebels. I live;
in miserable suspense until that evening whoi
the Arlj't. of the 17th New York cam' to m;
quarters, and told me that I would hold 111;
conipany in readiness to march at a second
warning, lie knew none of the particulars
only that companies E and F had been cut of
bv the Rebels and but few of them bad as ye
reached the Col's. Ileal Quarters. I mad
our boys pack their knapsacks, put them to
gcther an 1 to keep awake, put the whole coin
pany on guard, and you can believe it is von
little sleeping I did. Tlr* next morning, at I
o'clock, I received orders from Col. \V. to im
mediately march my company to bis Ilea<
Quarters, and bring all the rations they couh
carrv. At 1 I'. M., 1 shook hands with bin
in his quarters. The tlrstglimpse convinced mi
that 8) a''ling hil occurred. I .asked no .pies
lions. Hays lie, "Incut, you will tin 1 5 room
up stairs and opposite this in which you cat
(purler your co nu iny. Sen that they hav.
ill rounds of cartridges a piece, tlieir canteen
constantly filled with water and three days ra
tio;v< in their knapsacks." In two minuets
met Jim. If ■ had just received an order to tnk<
tlie subscriber and 15 men over to Little Kdist-o
recall the picket from that Island and cvaeua (
it. lie gave mo all the particulars going along
C>. Iv l;a 1 a picket at the causeway loadin;
to Jchossee, co. If a picket on the bridge lead
ing to little l'Histo, companies E and F wen
quartered on Little E listo, about two and a lull
miles.apart, co. C a picket near Raccoon Island
On Saturday morning, the last Saturday i:
March, before day light, the rebels advancer
from Raccoon and Johossee, captured two o
company Iv's pickets at.* Jehosse, John Saupj
being one of the number. They advanced
rapidly that the pickets had not, time to giv<
the alarm before they reached the bridge leadin:
to Little Edisto, on whieli were Jl's pickets
li s men saw tliem coming, but thought the.}
belonged to our Regiment, and let them come
lip very close before they halted them, when tb;
rob ds fired, wounded a sergeant, took him air
six others prisoners, crossed the bridge, and sel
it on fire. About this time the Col. and Jim
got up, having heard the firing. Jim saw flit
smoke at the bridge, and down be went, tak
ing the Col's, orderly with him. When nboul
:t) yards from the bridge, bo heard the crow;
on the other aide say, "hurry up, boys, or yoti
will be too late." At the same time lie cot n
gHmpss of a fellow standing on his sitk- of tin
bridge, lie stopped, and our officer halloo,
over to the guard, saying, "make him advance
and give the watch word." Jim know they
were rebels, for wo say countersign, not watch
word. 11" turned, jumped into a ditch am
the bullets went over his head, they shot tif
least 15 times, hut didn't touch him. In tin
moan time tiie Col. had got out the companies,
anil when Jim got up and told him the bridge
wan burned, be asked what in the world had
become of F, and F. E could ho talked to ovei
the creek, about a hundred yards above th:
Col's. Quarters. Accordingly Jim was sen
up to see if be could so" or bear anything o
them; ii was just day light and when lie got op
posite Co. E's quarters ho saw them drawn uj
in line of battle; conversed with C'apt. Ilcnncf
asked him what he was going to do. Hemic;
replied that as lie couldn't retreat, he would si;
down and wait till the rebels came. The Col
ha l two pieces of artillery with which lie seoui'
ed the country in every direction save that o
E and F. Things went on in this way for t
few hours, the bridge was repaired, ('apt. Nes
hit, of cot F, had reported to head quarters, a;
follows: lie fore day-light he heard a body o
men coming toward the house in which he wa;
quartered, but as they kept up so much noist
by talking and laughing, anil ns they were or
the rond from the bridge, be supposed it wee
■part of the 55th; yet betook the precaution t(
move hi* company from the house some twi
hundred yards, and put them in line of bnttli
behind an embankment in the cotton field. 11l
remained in this position with his whole rem
p:tnv except his first Lieut. (Lieut. McElhnnev
and six men who wore out on picket, until tin
crowd he had heard, came within 75 or lb;
cards from hiin, when lie heard some fellow ii
their ranks say, "Look, don't you see the 1 an
kee's heads belling the bank," which convince!
him they were rebels. He immediately order
ed bis men to fire, tho rebels returned tlie fin
and rushed on his little squad of sixty with I
force not lew than three hundred. Nesbit's mor
fired so rapidly and with snob go-i 1 effect thn
the rebel:; con! 1 not reach his embankment an
accordingly divided their force, sending onelial
to attack !>im on the left flank. Company I
stool their ground and fought fhenr like hemes
even while exposed to a double fire. Abotr
this time, when tlie bayonets of the two par
tys almost clashed together, some fellow pro :
posed to retreat. "X savs N'esbit, "if we mus;
die we will die facing the enemy;" but thoj
came on to him by hundreds an 1 be saw tlia
in a few moments more, the rebel bullets thai
were catting off cartridge-boxes, penetrating
eoat tails &e_would not leav ' a man standing
in his ranks. lie gave the command "retreat
inarch" and they fell back in good or lor. Tin
rel>els being convinced that one Northern mar
is equal to 5 Southerners, instead of the contra
ry, did not follow them. ('apt. N'esbit linllei
his company and called tlie roll. Including hit
Lieut, he had2J men missing; he then told then
to scatter awfg 't back to camp, the best waj
they could; some of tlicrn jumped into the
swamps and got by some means to the banks ol
the strain and swam over, others remained ii:
the swamn for 2 1 hours; some made rafts an;
bv that means got across. Four or five form
el a little boat and paddled over in it. By tlii;
time, in Jim's account, .vo bad arrived at tin
battle ground. I saw where tho poor follow:
had bent down on their knees, while shootin;
over the bank. The tops of cartridges were a
thick as cotton stalks. VV.cnt on to the hous;
Saw Ncstiit's Mess chest, but it teas empty, sav
Freedom of Thought and Opinion.
BEDFORD, PA., FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 9, ISG2.
:i little row boat on the other Side of the stream
opposite the. house, with one of our blue ovcr
| coats in it. walked on toward* where the piek
ct was, and nil at once heard a drum corps
| strike up a short distance to ourleft, rebel guard
mounting in South Carolina. Went on n little
filter, found the picket and enme hack the short
way; didn't feel inclined to go out of our course
to look at the battle field, again. Well, to fin
ish company F, I took the last three of his men
that came in, along up with m" when 1 moved
to the col's, llead Quarters. They had been
in the swamps since their fight an I now just
getting back when I overtook them on the road.
The bridge being repaired anil (he Col. having
ascertained by means of scouts that, the rebels
had left little Eijisto, went over with all the
force ho could muster, to hunt up F, their equip
ments &c. Found one corporal dead, having
been shot through the head. His remains were
brought back, and he was buried with becom
ing respect. A sick man had been left in the
house. lie suvs that after the fight the rebels
came to the house lie. was in and he board three
companies call their rolls. lie could not tell
how many were missing, only that one Capt.
was gone. They took all the knapsacks, &c,
away with them, but left liini two blankets and
ottered liiin a drink of whiskey. They asked
him how many had been quartered there an 1
were told only a little oompanv of 70men. They
said he lied, for thev had been fighting against
500 with only 300 and had he Iced them. The sick
man was brought awn by the Col. The next
morning about 0 o'clock, oneofeoiiipnnyF'smen
made his appearance. lie had been taken pris
oner and earned over to the main land, but l y
Vnne mistake on (he part of th > rebels, he was
left along with the pickets, und made his escape,
swimming on a plank from the mainland t >
on" end of the Island, lie sni lihat he helped to
carry 15 dead soeesli over the bridge from lillle
Edisto to Cooper: that they (th" rebels) had ad
vanced with 3000 men, not expecting to find
things as they were, coming allthat night (Hun
day) with a force of 7000. Tills h 1 learned
from the conversation he had heard between 1
several Col's. Co. F lost in the light one man
killed, I Lieut, and 11 men killed wounded or
taken prisoners—total, 13. II lost. 7 and Kl.
The two latter were on picket. Co. F made
as great a fight as was ever heard of. Jim and
1 got back from our tramp about (i.V o'clock.
The Col. told me. that lie wished me to vi.-it my
guard every two hours, the adj't. would stay
up till 12, and go to bed, the Quartermaster
>votaltl.llfcot* i*> ""F '*
Col. would get it]), and I stood a good chance
of being up all night. An attack was expec
ted early in the morning. Col. Moore ot the
17th N. Y., was the senior officerand of course
had command of the whole force. Yet every
man in both lveg'nnents knew that Col. W bite
had twenty times the amount of brains that
Moore had. l'urt of the 17th under command
of Major Kane was there, the balance was a
long the road between there and camp. Col.
Moore retired to the gun boat, and Col. V. bite
came out Cuntrnnmler m Companies D
E and F were within 100 yards of each othc 1 ,
(he balance wore about $ ot' a mile from us. The
Col. had a strong picket on each of the roads
leading to the different Islands, also 3 or 4 cav
alry orderlies at each point to acquaint him
with the first approach. We expected ti fight.
We had a piece of artillery and so had the
other seven companies. Our plans were to
fight them as long as wo could; and it' compell
ed to retreat, to fall back on the 7 companies.
If the communication was cut off at the main
road, we had another one that we had made
through the cotton. We felt certain we could
thrash 7000, for wo were fighting for life or
death, for we had no place to retreat to. So
every man made up his mind to do lushest. I>ut
the Col's object was, to keep them from com
ing on the Island in any great force. The night
passed through and there was not e.veir nn a
larui, not a gun fired. Everything was quiet,
a kind of a surprise. The next morning the
Col. ordered me to gp to take a nap. I was
trying to .do so, but it was impossible tor uman
to sleep there in day light. Gnats, mosquito',
sand-flies and fioius were as thick as the wool
on a sheep's back. I was fighting thcui when I
heard a noise in front of lbe. house, went out
and saw co. F and part of I) in ranks, asked
them where they were going. Orderly told me
the Col. ordered him to get the company out —
all he knew—went in und tlie Col. told 1110 ho
was going to send 1) and F over to Edisto un
der Cup!. Nosbit on n scout. I asked it 1
could go along with my company, lie said it
I wauled to go lie would not prevent inc.- lint
he wanted me to slef.p as he would need me a
gain that night. I put on tny sword and had
hardly got started when the Col. ordered us
buck. A scout had come in an 1 reported that
the opposite side of Little Edisto was lull ol
rebels—rather lucky or 1) and F might have
taken a little trip to Charleston. AVe marched
down to the burnt bridge and concealed our
selves in the woods. About the same time an
orderly came in from the Jeho.-sc bridge, and
reported lo the Col. that the rebels were ap
proaching in great force. Jhe Col. got out the
field piece and gave llioni 10 or 12 rounds of
grape. It drove them back. Wc replaced the
pickets anil returned to our quarters about dark.
At 8 o'clock I'. M, tho sumo flay our orderly
came in front each picket saying the pickets
were driven in ami that they (the rebels) were
coining over the causeway by thousands. AVc
were in lino of battle in two minutes. Our
little gun was put to work. A\ e remain"! 1 in
line of battle till after day light. Tuesday
night they tried to make a move from Kaccoon
Island, or rather attempted to attract our at
tention to that point, and bring their force on
to us from Little Edisto just below the burnt
bridge. AVe were in line of battle from dark
till day light. Our gun spoiled their calcula
tions. On "Wednesday wc fortunately got some
shell. AVcdnesday night they attempted to
I surround us, tried to land at Scabrook's, but
the Gunboat mountcda piece or two in row
bouts and prevented that. They came in ill
directions that night. \V"e were under anns a
sunset., and nt sunrise, our pickets were all in
At daylight the Col. sent a picket of a Lieut
and 40 men to the burnt bridge. They sai<
the.rebcl pickets, or rather their skirmishers
rutin das they advanced. Tliey had not beet
25 yards from us. Thursday night, the pick
et? were driven in again at dark. The 47tl
Xew York had all left us on Monday. The}
wire about 5 miles from us, on the road toward;
ramp. The Col. kept a chain of cavalry fron
his quarters to all the pickets and tlie 47th. AW
wire about used up, constant duty and loss oi
r.'jl had almost killed many too proud to be tin
fitVt to give out. About 8 o'clock, Ik .M., ill l
communication between us and the 17tb was cut
of. AVe were surrounded, perhaps by 15,00 C
iiWn. AA'hat was to be done.' to attempt to cut
ogr way through was useless for we had no place
to fall back on, no reserve. .Many a poor fol
low didn't care; lie felt that he would obey or
ilrrs if be could. Five nights loss of sleep in
succession and on duty during the day, with
lfcthing but a hard cracker anil a little fat meat
fa oat, Imd cooled the patriotism of a good nr.t
rw, but during all this time tiwrn uris nut agruin
%. (len. Shenmur bad sent word to the com
igander of the fort. Col. .Moore, of Xew York,
t..at bo must hold Iviisto Island at every saeri
tfro. I'oorMoore! In the midst of Iris troubles,
Ie either remains at bis quarters on the lieaeli
)■• retires to the gun boat ar.d withdraws his re
jjlrncnt to a more secluded spot. lam a soldier,
hot when men are willing to do their duty they
irmld not lie imposed upon, and be made sutler
ar'irn those duties could bo made much lighter
•jv distrihuti'rt'g them equally amcng all. Our
ajtgiinent would have made a poor tight that
night. It was used up, and almost every one
fcll indifferent. For this reason it would have
made' but. little difference to tliein if there had
ben one or s,'hH) rebels around them. The
Colonel ordered the whole country to be scott red
with shell, the lirst that bad "been tired. It
was the last resort and no doubt threw tcr
it>r into the rebels. About 2 o'clock in the
morning, the Col. ordered us to take a patrol
out, scouted down the burnt bridge and around
without seeing anything. About nn hour af
terwards communication was ojionedto the 47t1.
Daylight at last arrived patrols were out in all
directions: tliev vefunie.l: the rebelslutd not ex
pected shell nnd again went back. The Col. order
ed rue to have coffee cooked and at nine o clock
F, K and 1) marched over and joined the bal-
AVe were drawn up in battle array when Col.
AY. stepped out and said tlmt n we bad endu
red about as much as mankind is expected to
stand, (hut we lmd had the first hand to hand
fight with the. lid mis in S. C. and bud come out
victorious and after reminding us oi our loss,
be proposed, after giving three cheers for the lit
tle sqqjul of cavalry that had assisted us, three
cheers for the 47th and three cheers and a tiger
for the artillery, to withdraw to the camp of the
53th and take a few glasses of luger. the same
evening we got back to camp, (Jol. Fellows oi
"> X. 11. Vols, arrived with his Regiment of
fiGO men and a battery lielonging to the 3d
R. 1., and took command. Follows is a good
man, was acting Brigadier when we left Hilton
Head, lie immediately sent his own Regiment,
the 471h and the Battery up the Island and two
companies of the 55th, to act as skirmishers.
AVe also have to send one company on picket
every evening and I suppose in a few days will
move the whole regiment back to the seat oi
war. You no doubt will ask why we were not re
inforced before. I cannot account for it. A\ e
received an order to cook 3 da\ s rations and lie
r -n.lv to evacuate the Island at a moment's warn
ing. CJ-en Sherman has been siqicrceded bv Gen.
Hunter (Maj. Gen. of Volunteers). Sherman
has gone to AA'ashington. Brigadier Gen. Ben
ham, a native of Connect."::! and a graduate
of AVest Point, has command of the Division we
are in. Col. Moore lets got to Hilton Head.
Our pavinastor is here and we will be paid in a
few days. There is nothing new down here that
I know of. Our fight lias been the great topic
both bore and at Hilton Head. Our Chaplain
was at the. Head: savs tlitf excitement was tre
mendous. The3.l X. 11. received twelve orders
in one day. AVe can now hold .lie island. \\ e
had no idea of evacuating it, not even in our
greatest danger, for wo had 110 transports to
leave in. On last Monday a Captain in the
47tli. was shot in the hack of the neck by n
Sergeant. The CY.pt. was drunk. Major Kane
ordered him to go to his quarters under arrest;
ho refused and Kane sent a S< i'gca.nl and tile of
men to arrest him dead or alive. 'J- lie ( apt.
tried to take a gun from one. of them swearing-lie
would shoot them it he could get it. lie could
not get the gun, but turned around and tried
to pet awav, when the sergeant shot him.
John Gardner shot the 2d. finger of bis light
luvnd off, on Tuesday, while cleaning bis gun
with a loud in. lie is getting a long first rate
and will be little injured as the finger lielow the
middle joint is yet saved. I lost five pounds
in our five days fight. It is very hot here now,
and fresh fish are plenty.
Your affectionate. Pro..
S. S. METZGKR.
As TNVIPFNT or THF, B vrir.i; or Si num.—
The following incident of the battle of Sliilob is
related Iw an etc and ear witness:—Two Ken
tucky regiments met face to face, and fouglit
each'other with terrible resolution, and it hap
pened that one of the Federal soldiers wounded
ami captured his brother, and -after handing
him back began tiring sit si man near a tree,
when 11 io captured brother called to him and
said, "don't shoot there any more—that's father."
IIICKM.IX VS THE. FFCWINUST.' —The notorious
John Hickman, of the Chester and Delaware
district, made a ranting Abolition speoch in the
House a few days since, in which ho handled
"old Abe "without gloves. —Among other things
he charged him with "being a coward, and un
willing to perform bis. duty.', AVhew 1
TVHOEE XEMBER, So©3.
(21) e Siljool master 3. bra at).
EDITED BY SIMON SYNTAX, ESQ
CyTeacliers anl friends of education are respect
fully requested to send communicationsto the above
caie of " Beilfoul Gazette."
RECITATION, NO. 3.
Wo arc to speak next of "(leneral Method:
of I Irritation;" and by these pre meant such a :
are, for llie most part, applicable to all brandi
es alike. We arc atvarc that some education.-!
writers have classed the same methods as "spe
cific," but we lrave never been able to POO then
reasons for so doinc. If some methods are gen
eral in their character, and others specific, wr
take it, those of widest application arc most
properly cililed "general," (begging Mr. Ogden's
pardon) while those suited to one or two branch
es may be properlv termed "specific."
All methods should le selected with reference
to the age and capacity of the pupil. No one
method can suit all ages anil all capacities. The
very hest method for advanced pupils may per
haps l>c the worst for primary classes ; and this
is equally true of pupils of different capacity
and attainment, whether they are of the same
or different age. An attempt to transfer the
methods of the college or academy to onr pub
lic schools, has too often caused disastrous fail
ures. Let the method lie suited to the age and
capacity of the pupil, and any method that does
nut do this isAa.Whether it isthussuited ornot
can, of course, be determined only by our know
ledge of the human mirid and its different cupu
cities at different stages of its progress.
There has not been in any English book, un
til quite recently, we think, any formal classifi
cation of the. several methods of conducting re
citation in general use. Several authors have
spoken loosely and illogicnlly on the subject.
Mr. Page, in bis "Theory and Practice of Teach
ing"—a work that cannot be too highly praised
for the spirit that pervades it—is neither clear
nor explicit. lie bends a chapter with "I'ight
Modes of Teaching," and devotes nearly all of
it to what ho considers ">wig modes. Another
L'illipi-OV Um OAfitimi
lions," is entirely devoted to a discussion of the
qualifications that every teacher should possess
in order to conduct recitations well. These chap
ters are excellent in themselves, but their titles
are carelessly chosen and inappropriate. Many
other educators have written as loosely, but time
will not permit us to point out emirs. Mr.
Ogden has, however, in his "Science of Educa
tion and Art of Teaching," given a classification
which socnis to us at once simple and accurate.
Every possible mode of conducting recitation
tnav, with sufficient accuracy, lie classed under
one of three general methods; and however nu
merous or different the varieties, it will he found
that they are all referable directly to one of these,
or else made up l>y combining two or more.
Tin; IvratHOUATitE Mkthoti.—ln this wo
mean to include every variety where the teacher
asks the questions and the pupil answers them.
It is the method in most general use, and in one
or another of its varieties may lie. used with all
grades of pupils. If assumes several varieties,
some of which we shall briefly refer to.
First: The. con.-crntirc or rotation vat icty where
the questioning liegins at the same place in the
class, and proceeds in regular order, until each
pupil has been asked a question: and then be
ginning at the same place again, gees around
the class in the same order. Such was the. good
old plan of "trapping" for the head of the spell
ing ela ; s. This kind of recitation is much used;
{on much, we fear, although it has its merits as
well as its demerits. It has the advantage of
order and system —the want of which makes so
many school-rooms scenes of confusion. These
commend themselves to every mind and com
pensate for many defects. It also, more readily
than any other, allows pupils to compete for the
head of (he class, so that the most worthy may
ahva-s oecnpv the post of honor, thus enabling
the teacher to appeal most effectually to emula
tion as an incentive to study. It may lie. urged
against this variety-, that it does not compel the
close, undivided attention of every pupil to the
whole rocitation. When a pupil has once been
called on, lie is sure not to be again disturbed
till tbe questions have run the circle of tli'velass.
lie may thus relapse into inattention, and only
vvake up and pay attention to what is going on
when ilic questioning again reaches his vicinity.
Another serious fault is, llsit it does not com
pel every pupil to learn the whole lesson. It
the recitation proceed in the order of the book,
as it usually will, pupils may soon learn to tell
beforehand what part will he. likely to fall to
them; and by preparing this they may easily
make a fair figure in the class, although they
know nothing of any other part. 1 bus a temp
tation to dishonesty is presented, which even the
well-disposed may not entirely resist, while the
dishonest will avail themselves of the chance to
cheat, without scruple.
It will lie seen that, owing to these two faults,
the teacher may, and probably will, lie unable
to ascertain accurately, the degree of prcpara-
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VOL. 5. NO. 40
lion made by each pupil; and thus one of the
great objects of recital ion mentioned in a for
mer article is defeated. I Wit cautiously; ma
ny others are better.
The assembled wisdom of the State, "In grr
cral Assembly met," have succeeded in badlv
spoiling the very excellent amendments to the
school law originally introduced in the lower
house; and in passing them on the last day of
the session as spoiled. This "further supple
ment" ooir-ists of nineteen long iin-imdcrstaa/ht
hit sections—at least, some of them—and will
he lmilod with joy by educators, on the ground
(hat "small favors are thankfully received."
Many an honest Director, when he (tomes to'put
these amendments in force, will have good rea
son to exclaim, oh ! the exceeding Nearness, tho
hifniiuuimess of this "further supplement." For
ourselves we are grateful to "the assembled wis
dom" for making the old law no worse. It was
not to be expected that they would improve it.
They of course rejected the counsel of the ablest
educators in the .State, and acting on their own
superior wisdom, sent forth to the world this
"further supplement." It is too long to print
in full in our columns, but after wc have had
ample time to study it, wc will furnish our read
ers with an abstract of its leading provisions.
Tim P\Y SCHOOL Bm. is a most excellent
collection of School Melodies, rounds, chants,
&c., set co music, together with a clear and sim
ple discussion of the principles of vocal music
admirably adapted to beginners. The work is
printed by Hiram Waters, 481, Broadway, N.
Y., and is, in our opinion, juet the thing. It
costs but a trifle and should be in every school
and every family iti the country. For sale at
1 {earner's Drug Stove.
rrrWelles says Morgan, who made a fortune
of ninety thousand dollars, was regularly com
missioned. If 2J per cent on purchases a moun
ting to that doesn't make a commissioned oilieer,
what doC3.'
cy-llow long is Welles to remain at the head
of one of the most important departments in the
government? Arc there any more Morgan's to
1... and fhimhprlanda to be sunk? "
eyThe difference between rebellion and abo
lition is just the difference between a bold high--
wayman and a midnight assassin."
rSrTlie United States naval department claims
to have heard of the coming of the Morrimac.
We suspect tho report emne from her can
non.
CTrThe battlefield of Pittsburg was partly
mountainous ; so it may be called, in consider
ation of the flight of the rebels, a field of part
ridges.
Oii" The roliel Congressman from the First
District of Kentucky, characteristically named,
in accordance with the rebel destruction of pro
perry, Burnett.
C-yAn artist is hunting for Harris, of Tennes
see. Ho so admires his swift legs, he wishes to
get a shin plaster cast of hint.
p.;rA shell generally opens an engagement,
rather than a solid shot, as the explosive mate
rial in it serves to open the ball.
t?jr-Congress has postponed tho consideration
of the bankrupt law until December. It was
/'omul not to tunc a 'nigged in it.
ei'-The country so appreciates the awful pic
ture of rebellion, it will have itcn-graeed as a les
son to our children.
pyTnith is said to be found in the bottom of
a well, but some men kick the bucket without
ever drawing it up. .
ijyWe don't know wether Abolitionists can
be classed as quadrupeds, but they are the four
runners of destruction.
(ErSome Ohio regiments thought a battle sin
gularly terrible, and they consequently behaved
so diced.
Since the rebels have declared free trade
with all nations, why don't they ship their cotton
to the United States ?
IT, ("Never put list around your doors to keep
out the weather; for, it is said,' The wind blow
eth where it listcth.'
CyTbe npple of discord, called rebellion, has
got pretty severely bit, and will get bitter to those
who produced it.
ffylt was hardly discreet to give Fremont
command of the mountain ranges, because lie,
like them, was piqued.
Cj-The kind of stocks which are apt to rise
when the soldiers are in au enemy's country are
gun stocks. -
fry As the degree of doctor has been conferred
on Lincoln, we suppose he is one of the pill-ers
of the Constitution.
C3F"Tho reluctance of some Oluo regiments
is said to be the only instance of Western lie
serve.
CyKome people prefer oysters in the shell;
but Wendell Phillips takes his chickens that
way. <a
e-yTho tax on our gold watches will servo
to warn us agains the Government going on
tick.
C-yThe rebels praise tho old Cumberland, al
though they did, at one time, run her down.
gar The rebels must lie getting barefooted when
they put out manifest-toes.
eyThe contract given to some men to
be around tho jugulars.