Lancaster farming. (Lancaster, Pa., etc.) 1955-current, July 13, 2002, Image 181

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Lancaster Farming, Saturday, July 13,2002, Foraging Around-
Identifying Phosphorus
And Potassium Deficiencies
Are you able to identify nu
trient deficiencies from plant
symptoms in the field? If not,
it’s time to go out and gather
information from your crop
adviser to help interpret the
symptoms in your crop. A
good knowledge of nutrient
deficiency symptoms is re
quired as much as an under
standing of water, temper
ature, salinity, and pest
stresses.
Phosphorus and potassium
move in the soil mainly by the
short-range process of diffu
sion. Cool soils and dry con
ditions can slow the diffusion
process, reducing the ability
of the soil to supply these nu
trients to the plant. In addi
tion, plant roots grow slowly
in cool soils, further minimiz
ing the contact between the
plant and soil. These are rea
sons seed placement of phos
phorus and potassium
fertilizer can be critical to
overcoming early season defi
ciencies.
Ph osphorus deficient
cereal seedlings generally dis
play poor tillering, stunted
growth, and yellowing of the
lower leaves. Many tarmers
have seen this dramatic affect
on growth in their fields
when they either ran out of
phosphorus fertilizer or had a
mechanical failure while
seeding. A severely deficient
seedling may display a dark
green to purplish tinge on the
margins of lower leaves.
Later in the season signifi
cant delays in maturity can
occur as a result of an imbal
ance between nitrogen and
phosphorus. This is fre-
Source: Potash and Phosphate Institute
. CLfISSIRgP APS .
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FAX 717 733 6058
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quently reported when phos
phorus rates are reduced to
cut fertilizer inputs, while ni
trogen rates are maintained
at a high level.
Early potassium deficiency
usually appears as chlorosis
(yellowing) of the older plant
leaves. Potassium is a mobile
nutrient in the plant. As a
consequence, when the roots
are no longer picking up a
balance of potassium to the
other nutrients, the plant will
start to take potassium from
the older leaves, transferring
them to younger plant tissue.
This is what distinguishes a
potassium deficiency from
sulfur (only upper, new
leaves) and nitrogen (all
leaves). Alfalfa, a large con
sumer of potassium, displays
small white spots on the
lower leaflets. If the defi
ciency persists, this chlorosis
is followed by necrosis
(death) of the leaf tissue
starting at the margins of
older leaves.
Don’t forget tissue testing!
If you are suspicious of a nu
trient deficiency, be sure to
do some in-season tissue test
ing to build your case for cor
rective action. Remember to
sample and compare both
good and problem areas in
the field.
Field scouting, soil and
tissue testing, and monitoring
for nutrient deficiencies are
useful tools for crop manage
ment. Remember, under
standing the signs and
symptoms of nutrient defi
ciencies is critical to taking
action and minimizing their
impact on yield potential.
buy, sen, in ape on bent thbouoh the
Prevent
181
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